CN100337077C - 螺旋式制冰机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在本发明的螺旋式制冰机中,设有根据使螺旋钻旋转的电动机的旋转检测传感器的检测结果、使热气阀开通、并比该开通时间长地用冰压缩通路近旁的加热器进行加热的控制装置。热气阀的开通时间以及加热器的加热时间,分别由与对应于螺旋钻的转速在临界值以下的期间的开通基本时间及加热基本时间;和附加于开通基本时间及加热基本时间且从螺旋钻的转速超过临界值的时刻开始的开通附加时间及加热附加时间构成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种螺旋式制冰机。
背景技术
螺旋式制冰机,是将供给到圆筒内的制冰水冷却,然后使在圆筒内面结成层状冰,在该圆筒内通过使螺旋钻旋转,将冰按果子露冰激凌状刮离,再将其压缩而制成适当粒状的冰。但是,这种螺旋式制冰机,若产生过冷却状态会给制冰机构部增加负荷,具体的有可能由于积冰而引起的圆筒冻结、发生异常声音、轴承的异常磨耗、螺旋钻和齿轮电动机发生破损等故障。所以,一直以来,就有抑制制冰能力而将其控制在最佳状态的技术(例如,参照日本特开2003-42610号公报)。即,使在螺旋式制冰机的制冷回路上的压缩机以及冷凝器之间的高压侧热气体通过压缩机及蒸发器之间的旁通装置。这样,低压侧的制冷剂压力以及蒸发温度上升,从而可以降低制冰能力。另外,在位于螺旋钻上方的冰压缩通路的近旁配置加热器,可以消除固定刀片上的结冰现象。
但是,在过冷却的初始状态,即使螺旋钻的转速由于过度制冰而暂时降低,也会马上恢复到正常值。所以,若与螺旋钻降低到规定值以下的转速连动,使上述热气体通过旁通装置或对加热器进行通电,也会有实际上达不到解除过冷却的效果之虞。特别是,关于加热器,由于其设置位置在冰压缩通路的近旁,在通电之前已被充分冷却,所以在通电后开始加热到显现冰溶解的效果需要花费一定的时间。为了解决该问题,在已有技术中有使加热器连续通电的。
发明内容
本发明就是鉴于上述问题所作成的,目的是提供一种螺旋式制冰机,该螺旋式制冰机具有能够消除从过冷却初期因过冷却引起的故障的效果。
为了达到上述目的,本发明,是一种将在制冰机构部的圆筒内周面所冻结的冰通过螺旋钻刮离并由冰压缩通路进行适当压缩后放出的螺旋式制冰机,其特征在于,本螺旋式制冰机具有:有压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀及蒸发器的制冷回路;将所述制冷回路高压侧的制冷剂供给到低压侧的旁通装置;加热上述冰压缩通路近旁的加热装置;用于检测上述制冰机构部的过冷却的过冷却检测装置;和控制手段,该控制手段根据上述过冷却检测装置的检测结果,使上述旁通装置开通,并在上述旁通装置开通的同时,使上述加热装置开始加热,然后在关闭上述已开通的旁通装置后,使上述加热装置的加热结束。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的实施形态的螺旋式制冰机的制冰机构部的纵向截面图。
图2示出了图1的螺旋式制冰机的制冷回路构成图。
图3是关于本发明的实施形态中对旋转检测传感器、热气阀以及加热器的动作进行说明的图。
具体实施方式
以下,根据附图对本发明的实施形态进行说明。
在图1中,示出了本实施形态的螺旋式制冰机的制冰机构部的纵向截面图。在螺旋式制冰机1的制冰机构部3中,设置有金属制的圆筒状的圆筒5。在圆筒5的外周面,冷却管7呈螺旋状缠绕其上。冷却管7,起着后面将要叙述的制冷回路的构成要素之一的蒸发器的功能。所述圆筒5及冷却管7,被隔热材料9覆盖。在圆筒5的内部,配置有可旋转的螺旋钻11。在螺旋钻11的外周面上,形成有螺旋刀片13。螺旋钻11的下部,由配置在圆筒5的下端的轴承15所支承,而且,螺旋钻11的下端,与齿轮电动机17的减速机构部17a连接。由此,螺旋钻11,在由通过减速机构部17a传递的齿轮电动机17的电动机部17b的驱动力的驱使下旋转。另外,在齿轮电动机17上,安装有检测电动机部17b的转速是否在所规定值以下的旋转检测传感器18。在圆筒5上部的内侧,配置有按压头19。按压头19,在其中央有支承螺旋钻11旋转的轴承部21,在轴承部21的外侧,形成有若干个冰压缩通路23。另外,在相邻的一对冰压缩通路23的边界部,设有能够将冰导入对应的冰压缩通路23的分断固定刀片25。在位于冰压缩通路23的外侧的圆筒5的外周面上,配置有加热器27。另外,在螺旋钻11的上端部,固定有可与螺旋钻11一体旋转的旋转刀片29。在旋转刀片29的周围,安装有用于将制成的适当冰粒的冰输送到贮冰库(图示省略)的冰输送盖31(参照图2)。
下面,根据图2,对本实施形态的螺旋式制冰机的制冷回路进行说明。
制冷回路41,主要由压缩机43、冷凝器45、膨胀阀47以及作为蒸发器的冷却管7构成。另外,在制冷回路41上,设有旁通装置49。旁通装置的,连通压缩机43和冷凝器45之间及冷却管7和压缩机43之间,并将制冷回路41高压侧的制冷剂供给到低压侧。在旁通装置49上设有控制热气体流通、关闭的电磁阀即热气阀51和滤器53。另外,在冷凝器45的近旁,配置有用于促进热交换的由电动机驱动的风扇55。另外,在冷凝器45和膨胀阀47之间设有干燥装置57。在干燥装置57的上游部分的制冷剂配管部分,和冷却管7及压缩机43之间的制冷剂配管部分,能够进行热交换,即构成为热交换器59。还有,在冷却管7出口的制冷剂配管部分,安装有感温筒61,由此,利用温度检测进行膨胀阀47的阀开度的调整。另外,在螺旋式制冰机1上,还设有微机等的控制手段63。控制手段63,通过图中用虚线所表示的信号线与旋转检测传感器18、加热器27以及热气阀51连接。另外,在控制手段63上设有备用定时器63a。
下面,对如此构成的螺旋式制冰机的动作进行说明。在没有过冷却的担心的、即在通常的制冰运行中,热气阀51关闭、在旁通装置49中没有制冷剂流通。由压缩机43排出的高温高压的制冷剂,在冷凝器45中被热交换成为低温高压的液体制冷剂,向膨胀阀47流去。所述液体制冷剂,在为了提高循环效率等所配置的热交换器59中,与吸入到压缩机43的蒸汽制冷剂进行热交换,再经过干燥装置57除去制冷剂内的水分,流入膨胀阀47。被膨胀阀47减压的低温制冷剂,在冷却管7中将圆筒5冷却后,经过如上所述的热交换器59被吸入到压缩机43。通过在所述的制冷回路41中的冷却管7的作用,将供给到圆筒5内的制冰水冷却,在圆筒5内表面生成层状冰。另外,使位于圆筒5内的螺旋钻11旋转,由于它的螺旋刀片13的作用将层状冰以果子露冰激凌状刮离然后被输送到上方。输送到上方的冰被不断压上来的冰挤进冰压缩通路23内被压缩为适当的硬度,从冰压缩通路23出来被旋转刀片29分割成具有适当的大小。如此制成的适当粒状的冰,通过冰输送盖被贮存到周知的贮冰库(图中未示)内。
这里,制冰机,由于其制冰能力受外面气体温度条件和水温条件等的影响,在外面气体温度和水温低的冬季制冰能力增大,有时会陷入过冷却状态。螺旋式制冰机在达到过冷却状态时,存在着放出冰的量与制成冰的量失去平衡的情况,所以,肯定伴随着放出量<制冰量的关系。但是,即使产生这样的不平衡状态也不是就马上发生圆筒内的冻结,需要花费一定的时间。达到最终过冷却状态需要数小时。因此,在本实施形态中,按如下所述来阻止因过冷却所引起的故障的发生。过冷却越是进行、积冰和冰越是增加,由于该原因而增加了螺旋钻11的负荷、进而增加了齿轮电动机17的负荷从而导致其转速降低。根据该现象,控制手段63,监视由旋转检测传感器18出来的检测结果,当齿轮电动机17的转速降低到规定的临界值以下时,即当旋转检测传感器18为ON状态时,向热气阀51及加热器27的通电为ON状态,即,在热气阀51开阀的同时加热器27开始加热。由此,首先,在压缩机43和冷凝器45之间的热气体通过旁通装置49被提供到压缩机43的吸入侧,通过升高压缩机43的吸入温度而降低制冰能力。再加上,冰压缩通路23的周边被加热器27加热,冰压缩通路23及其近旁的积冰被消除,即,由此在增加冰的放出量的同时避免了机器的停止。
在过冷却的初始状态,即使螺旋钻11以及齿轮电动机17的转速由于过度制冰暂时降低、有时也会立刻恢复到正常值。所以,若与齿轮电动机等的转速变化连动地对热气体的旁路和加热器进行通电,会有不能充分消除过冷却之虞。所以,在本实施形态中,对按如下所述控制旁通装置49的开通时间和加热器27的加热时间进行控制。如图3所示,旁通装置49的开通时间和加热器27的加热时间分别由开通基本时间以及开通附加时间,和加热基本时间以及加热附加时间组成。开通基本时间以及加热基本时间,如上所述从旋转检测传感器18的ON状态开始,该ON状态在继续期间,同样地继续。并且,即使齿轮电动机17的转速恢复到临界值、即旋转检测传感器18为OFF状态,控制手段63在维持热气阀51开阀和加热器27加热的同时,使备用定时器63a也开始计数。开通附加时间以及加热附加时间,与备用定时器63a开始计数的同时开始,根据该定时器63a的定时到时而结束。因为如此的旁通装置的开通时间和加热器的加热时间不与齿轮电动机17的暂时的转速恢复连动而继续,所以能够获得充分的消除过冷却效果。并且,由于加热器的加热时间(加热附加时间)设定得比旁通装置的开通时间(开通附加时间)长,所以即使在冰压缩通路23的近旁使用平时凉着的加热器27也能够充分地确保消除积冰的效果。
若根据以上所述的本实施形态,通过由各个确保了充足时间的热气旁路所引起的制冰能力的降低和由加热器的加热所引起的冰压缩通路23的通过阻力的减轻,可事先消除冰放出量<制冰量的状态。另外,通过减轻冰压缩通路23的通过阻力,增加冰的放出量而使不发生积冰,能够避免机器的停止。另外,由于控制了旁通装置和加热器,在大量生产冰的时候,也不需要停止机器,能够维持高度的长期的制冰能力,免去了操作者再启动机器等的时间。加热器也只是在必要的时候启动,可以减少电费。也不会发生象加热器平时总是通电的场合,因为冰溶化过度、冰和水被一起放出;或从开始制冰到冰被放出过分花费时间等现象。另外,也不需要安装象过冷却温度检测电路和过负荷电流检测电路之类的专用构件,而象容易引起误动作或故障的热敏电阻等精密构件也可不必使用。另外,因为对加热器27的通电控制是根据齿轮电动机的转速检测来进行,所以即使对于在冰压缩通路23的内面脏污的场合等,与制冰量无关产生的积冰,也可以取得与上述相同的消除效果。
以上所述的本发明,并不仅限于上述的实施形态,也可以作各种改变进行实施。
例如,根据上述的实施形态,旋转检测传感器是检测旋转数是否在临界值以下的两种状态,但若只要是能够检测转速的装置也并不限定于此,也可以用能够实时地连续计测转速自身的装置。
另外,也不限定齿轮电动机的电动机部的转速的检测,也可以使用例如减速机构部等的转速作为指标。
另外,作为过冷却的检测,不限定对齿轮电动机的转速的检测形式,也可以使用对例如螺旋钻或固定刀片的转速的检测,或与螺旋钻或齿轮电动机等一体地进行动作的部分的转矩检测等其他的形式。
又,热气阀,也并不限定于上述实施形态那样的单纯的开关阀,也可以使用可无级地进行流量调整的阀。
热气体的旁路路径,只要是由制冷回路的高压侧至低压侧的旁路形态,也不限定于上述实施形态。
另外,加热手段也不限定于利用热线,也可以利用热流体等其他的加热形态。
Claims (3)
1.一种将冻结在制冰机构部的圆筒内周面的冰由螺旋钻刮离再经过冰压缩通路适当压缩后放出冰的螺旋式制冰机,其特征在于,该螺旋式制冰机具有:
有压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀及蒸发器的制冷回路;
将上述制冷回路高压侧的制冷剂供给低压侧的旁通装置;
加热上述冰压缩通路近旁的加热装置;
检测上述制冰机构部的过冷却用的过冷却检测装置;
和控制手段,该控制手段根据上述过冷却检测装置的检测结果,使上述旁通装置开通,
并在上述旁通装置开通的同时,使上述加热装置开始加热,然后在关闭了上述已开通的旁通装置后,使上述加热装置结束加热。
2.如权利要求1所述的螺旋式制冰机,其特征在于,上述过冷却检测装置,是检测对螺旋钻进行驱动的电动机部的旋转的旋转检测传感器,
在上述旋转检测传感器检测出的旋转下降到规定的临界值以下的场合,
上述控制手段,使上述旁通装置开始开通及上述加热装置开始加热。
3.如权利要求2所述的螺旋式制冰机,其特征在于,
即使上述旋转检测传感器检测出的旋转在下降到规定的临界值以下之后、又回升到超过上述临界值,
上述控制手段也使上述旁通装置的开通及上述加热装置的加热延续各自的规定时间。
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JP2003290415A JP2005061681A (ja) | 2003-08-08 | 2003-08-08 | オーガ式製氷機 |
JP2003290415 | 2003-08-08 |
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CN1580675A CN1580675A (zh) | 2005-02-16 |
CN100337077C true CN100337077C (zh) | 2007-09-12 |
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US (1) | US6971245B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2005061681A (zh) |
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US6971245B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 |
TW200517627A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
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US20050028549A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
CN1580675A (zh) | 2005-02-16 |
JP2005061681A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
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