CN1003074B - 抗冲击层压板 - Google Patents

抗冲击层压板 Download PDF

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CN1003074B
CN1003074B CN85102735A CN85102735A CN1003074B CN 1003074 B CN1003074 B CN 1003074B CN 85102735 A CN85102735 A CN 85102735A CN 85102735 A CN85102735 A CN 85102735A CN 1003074 B CN1003074 B CN 1003074B
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CN85102735A (zh
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克里斯托弗·威廉·杰弗里·霍尔
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Pilkington Group Ltd
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Abstract

抗冲击层压板具有一前玻璃层（１），该层受到如子弹的冲击，层压板还有一聚碳酸酯后层（７）。一不超过０．６４毫米厚的聚碳酸酯薄层１０粘到后聚碳酸酯层（７）上，并具有一能自行恢复的聚氨脂涂层（１２）或一耐磨硬涂覆层例如：丙烯酸盐、三聚氰胺或聚硅氧烷制成。

Description

抗冲击层压板
本发明是有关抗冲击层压板，特别是这样的一种抗冲击的板;这种板能抗子弹或类似的高能量的冲击，其包括能承受冲击的前面的一层玻璃，和后面的一层聚碳酸酯层，它能抗击和有效地减少层压板后面一层的破裂。
英国专利申请书GB1504198描述了一种抗冲击的层压板，其包含有许多玻璃层，带有一层厚度在0.76毫米到5.6毫米范围内的聚碳酸酯层，在其暴露的一面有一层抗破裂的脆弱涂层，涂层厚度达0.05毫米。聚碳酸酯层有破裂的倾向，根据这种保护层有易裂的这一性能，通过将聚碳酸酯层的厚度减少到0.76毫米至5.6毫米，使这种倾向得以减少，其结果表明：在“中等功率”的冲击下，层压板达到令人满意的效果。
在英国专利申请书GB2011836A中，提到了一个为克服聚碳酸酯层的破裂倾向的建议;在后面的聚碳酸酯层上的脆弱涂层已由另一种能自行恢复的聚氨酯的涂层所代替。然而，在这一建议中，当层压板中包括玻璃时，窗结构的后面的一层聚碳酸酯薄层还没有在玻璃上制成薄板的，而是用一种普通安装方法装玻璃，即用一个空气间隙将被层压的安全玻璃与聚碳酸酯分离开，在一个例子中，多层薄层结构包括二层层压在一起的玻璃薄层，在玻璃层压板和涂在后面的厚度为9.5毫米的聚碳酸酯层的后单元之间有一空气间隙为0.8毫米，在聚碳酸酯层上有一层自行恢复的聚氨酯，厚度为0.25毫米。在中功率的自动子弹的冲击下，相当厚的聚碳酸酯层的作用在于抑制了玻璃的裂开。
在英国专利申请书GB2070045A中，描述了一些抗磨损和自行恢复的聚氨酯。
申请人已发现厚度不超过0.64毫米的聚碳酸酯薄层可以在防弹窗中，用作有效的抗剥落后背层，这些防弹窗必须能在大量子弹冲击下不从里面的后膜层剥落。此外，使用带有耐磨涂层的聚碳酸酯薄层（这种涂层可以用于未定型的曲面层压板），可提供一种保护该膜的后表面不受磨损和环境破坏的经济方法。
根据本发明，提供了一种抗冲击的层压板。前面有一抗冲击的玻璃层和一层后聚碳酸酯层组成，后聚碳酸酯层的后面粘着一层带抗磨涂层的，厚度不超过0.64毫米的聚碳酸酯薄层。
聚碳酸酯是一种相当昂贵的材料，但采用厚度不超过0.64毫米的聚碳酸酯层作为在使用着的层压板的最后一层，就可以发现能够减少层压板的后聚碳酸酯层的厚度，而不损害层压板的抗冲击性能或由层压板的最后一层聚碳酸酯层产生的剥落层。例如，在应用中，通常使用厚度为6毫米的聚碳酸酯层作为后面的一层，而本申请人发现有可能把后膜的厚度减少到4毫米。这样，重量的减轻和成本的降低远可以补偿一层厚度在0.25到0.64毫米范围的最后面一层聚碳酸酯层的增加。
在本发明用作车辆窗板的一个实施例中，本发明提供了由至少两层用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛夹层粘接在一起的退火玻璃层压板，玻璃背面粘有后聚碳酸酯层，在后聚碳酸酯层上再粘上一层聚碳酸酯薄层。
在飞机的挡风玻璃板上使用本发明的结构时，层压板包括：退火玻璃前层，以及至少是一层通过热塑性内层粘结在一起的聚碳酸酯，以及粘附到后聚碳酸酯层上的聚碳酸酯薄层。
在聚碳酸酯薄层上的外膜保护着聚碳酸酯免受磨损和环境的破坏，最好是一种自行恢复的涂层，例如：自行恢复的聚氨酯;或是一种抗磨损的硬涂层，例如：聚硅氧烷，三聚酰胺或是丙烯酸盐。
最好是通过热塑料聚氨酯将聚碳酸酯薄层粘附到后聚碳酸酯层上。
下面将通过例子及参考有关附图叙述一下本发明的一些实施例，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一种防弹层压板的一边的剖视图;
图2是一种类似的飞机挡风玻璃板的棱边的剖视图。
参考图1，防弹层压板包括两层12毫米厚的退火玻璃1和2。前面那层玻璃1在其前表面3上受到例如来自子弹的冲击。玻璃层1和2通过1.5毫米厚的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛内层4粘结在一起。后聚碳酸酯层7，通过2毫米厚的以聚酯为基料的热塑性聚氨酯内层8，粘结到玻璃层2的后表面5上，其中聚碳酸酯层7的厚度为4毫米。
用一层厚度为0.6毫米的热塑性以聚酯为基材的聚氨酯，把一张厚度为0.5毫米的聚碳酸酯薄膜10粘结到聚碳酸酯层7的背面9上。
聚碳酸酯薄层10的外表面有一层自行恢复的聚氨酯外涂层12，例如英国专利申请书GB2011836A或GB2070045A所介绍的那种耐磨聚氨酯材料。在本实施例中，该外涂层12的厚度为0.5毫米，在实际使用中，它既使所覆盖的复合层板的表面获得耐磨性的优点，又不损害聚碳酸酯薄层10的抗剥落的特性。
在依据本发明的这种结构中，聚碳酸酯层7的厚度减小到4毫米，该层带一层聚碳酸酯薄层10，这并不损害复合层板整体的抗冲击性。用7.62毫米口径派克、黑尔T4（7.62Parker Hale T4）型步枪距离30米作枪击实验，结果表明，这种结构的复合层压板可抵抗落点相距25厘米的两发子弹冲击，而无破碎的危险，经受第三枪时仍无破碎，但聚碳酸酯层10略有剥落。
图2所示为根据本发明制作的飞机挡风玻璃板，包括一层5毫米厚的退火玻璃前面板13，压合到一层厚度为6毫米的聚碳酸酯层14上，中间夹有一层4毫米厚的聚氨酯中间层15。在聚碳酸酯层14的后表面与第二层厚度也是6毫米的聚碳酸酯层16之间，有0.5毫米厚的聚氨酯中间层17。再用一层0.5毫米厚的聚氨酯中间层18，把6毫米厚的聚氨酯后面板19粘到聚氨酯薄板16的后表面上。用一层以热塑性聚酯基聚氨酯11，把一层0.5毫米厚的聚碳酸酯薄膜10粘到聚碳酸酯后面板19的后表面上。
薄聚碳酸酯层10有一层厚度为0.5mm的自行恢复的聚氨酯外涂层12。使用粘附于层压板的后面的这个薄的，有涂层的聚碳酸酯层10的是防止后面的聚碳酸酯层19受到外界侵蚀和磨耗，保持飞机挡风玻璃板的抗冲击性能的一种经济的方法。
图2所示是挡板的示意图，如人所熟知的其它成分，例如电阻加热膜一样，都要合并在层压板中。
在图1和图2的这两个实施例中，薄复合层包括：薄聚碳酸酯层10，其外层12是自行恢复的聚氨酯层，该层可有效地起到阻挡剥落的作用，复合层可以是厚度为小于或等于1毫米的薄膜，并且能够成卷贮存和供货。
这种复合聚碳酸酯层的厚度最好为0.25mm至0.64mm，自行恢复聚氨酯涂层的厚度最好为0.25mm至0.50mm。
在图1和图2这两个实施例中，不同热塑性聚氨酯作夹层11，可以用另外一种可容性粘合剂层，例如硅酮（氧）树脂粘合剂。
图1和图2的实施例中的抗磨外涂层12可以是硬涂层，例如聚硅氧烷，三聚氰胺或丙烯酸盐，这种带有抗磨涂层的聚碳酸酯薄复合层是薄膜状的，并且能够打卷和贮存。
使用薄聚碳酸酯层10，这种薄膜或10、12复合层具有下述优点：这种外膜可以用于已成形的弯曲的层压板上，而它自己不需要成型制作。因为后面较厚的聚碳酸酯层7或19没有涂层，它可以在高温下弯曲成预定的形状，而破坏层压板的最后外观的危险很小。此外，在危险的高温弯曲工序中后面较厚的聚碳酸酯层7或19不带有昂贵的外除层。然后，将薄的、易弯曲的薄膜做为外层简单地粘附在已成型的聚碳酸酯层上，这是抗冲击层压板制做中的最后步骤。

Claims (8)

1、抗冲击层压板包括一接受冲击的前玻璃层和一个后聚碳酸酯层，其特征在于后聚碳酸酯层的后表面上粘结一厚度不超过0.64毫米的聚碳酸酯薄层，该层具有一耐磨涂层。
2、按照权利要求1的抗冲击层压板，其特征在于薄聚碳酸酯层厚度范围为0.25至0.64毫米。
3、按照权利要求1或2的抗冲击层压板，其特征在于至少两层退火玻璃靠聚乙烯醇缩丁醛夹层粘结在一起，后聚碳酸酯层粘结到后玻璃表面，薄聚碳酸酯层粘结到后聚碳酸酯层上。
4、按照权利要求1或2的抗冲击层压板，其特征在于坚韧的玻璃前表层和至少一个聚碳酸酯层由热塑性内夹层粘结起来，薄聚碳酸酯层粘结到后聚碳酸酯层上。
5、按照权利要求1或2的抗冲击层压板，其特征在于耐磨涂层是一可自恢复的聚氨酯涂层。
6、按照权利要求1或2的抗冲击层压板，其特征在于耐磨涂层是一耐磨硬涂层。
7、按照权利要求6的抗冲击层压板，其特征在于耐磨硬涂层是一丙烯酸盐，三聚氰胺或聚硅氧烷层。
8、按照权利要求1或2的抗冲击层压板，其特征在于薄聚碳酸酯层是通过热塑性聚氨酯粘结在后聚碳酸酯层上。
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