USH1519H - Transparent ceramic composite armor - Google Patents
Transparent ceramic composite armor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USH1519H USH1519H US04/522,788 US52278866A USH1519H US H1519 H USH1519 H US H1519H US 52278866 A US52278866 A US 52278866A US H1519 H USH1519 H US H1519H
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- transparent
- impact
- face plate
- light weight
- armor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
Definitions
- This invention relates to transparent ceramic armor designed to provide light weight ballistic protection primarily for aircraft against armor piercing projectiles.
- This particular transparent armor has been designed and tested to afford complete protection against caliber 0.30 AP M2 projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 2770 f.p.s., but obviously could be engineered for other and larger projectiles.
- a composite material that will meet these requirements was constructed with commercially available materials using as the material for the face plate, transparent magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide with a back-up plate of a transparent plastic a polycarbonate resin such as "Lexan" and the two plates were bonded together with a transparent adhesive.
- Other types of transparent plastic backing materials such as glass, plexiglass, fiberglass, lucite etc., can be used in either a monophasic or multiphasic form.
- the drawing illustrates the composition and dimensions of the transparent armor plates actually tested, together with the protection afforded by recording the ballistic limit of each, in which:
- FIG. 1 is a composite of transparent armor 10, in which the face plate 11 is transparent magnesium oxide, 0.50" thick, bonded with a transparent adhesive (not shown) to a back-up plate 12 of transparent plastic "Lexan", 0.75" thick, has an area density of 14 pounds per square foot and provides a ballistic limit of 3220 f.p.s. for protection;
- FIG. 2 is a composite of transparent armor 13 in which the transparent face plate 14 is aluminum oxide, 0.250" thick, bonded with a transparent adhesive to a back-up plate of transparent "Lexan” 1.00" thick, has an area density of 11.4 pounds per square foot and provides a ballistic limit of 2435 f.p.s. which is not satisfactory for protection against a projectile with a muzzle velocity of 2770 f.p.s. This deficiency may be corrected by increasing slightly the thickness of the face plate, such as 0.10";
- FIG. 3 is a composite of transparent armor 16 in which the transparent face plate is made up of two transparent plates 17 and 18 of aluminum oxide each 0.250" thick with a transparent back-up plate 19 of "Lexan” 1.00" thick, all plates being bonded together with a transparent adhesive (not shown) and having an area density of 16.4 pounds per square foot which has a ballistic limit of 3820 f.p.s. for protection.
- the composite armor of this invention is designed to meet the requirements of ballistic protection with light weight ceramic material that is completely transparent and has an improved capability of protection as compared to standard steel armor of equal areal density.
- Areal density is a term used particularly in armor evaluation. Also where the same materials are translucent and are employed in the composite armor, it should be noted that due to the elastic constant and the accoustical velocity determinations that the results sought are practically identical with that of the transparent plates.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Transparent ceramic armor consisting of a light weight composite formed bytilizing a face plate of transparent aluminum oxide or transparent magnesium oxide with a back-up plate of transparent plastic and the two plates bonded together with a transparent adhesive. This composite on test affords complete ballistic protection against 0.30 AP M2 projectiles at 0° obliquity with a muzzle velocity of 2770 ft. per sec.
Description
This invention relates to transparent ceramic armor designed to provide light weight ballistic protection primarily for aircraft against armor piercing projectiles.
Presently available transparent armors are inefficient in providing ballistic protection due to their inability to induce severe projectile shatter and their tendency to crack on impact.
It is the object of this invention to obtain adequate protection by shattering small arms projectiles with a light weight composite armor having a hard transparent ceramic face plate bonded by a transparent adhesive to a tough resilient transparent plastic back-up plate.
It is also the object of this invention to utilize this shattering of the projectile by the face plate which spreads the impact force per unit area to reduce the requirements of the back-up plate, in that the excess energy per unit area to be absorbed by the back-up plate is proportionately lessened.
This particular transparent armor has been designed and tested to afford complete protection against caliber 0.30 AP M2 projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 2770 f.p.s., but obviously could be engineered for other and larger projectiles.
A composite material that will meet these requirements was constructed with commercially available materials using as the material for the face plate, transparent magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide with a back-up plate of a transparent plastic a polycarbonate resin such as "Lexan" and the two plates were bonded together with a transparent adhesive. Other types of transparent plastic backing materials such as glass, plexiglass, fiberglass, lucite etc., can be used in either a monophasic or multiphasic form.
The drawing illustrates the composition and dimensions of the transparent armor plates actually tested, together with the protection afforded by recording the ballistic limit of each, in which:
FIG. 1 is a composite of transparent armor 10, in which the face plate 11 is transparent magnesium oxide, 0.50" thick, bonded with a transparent adhesive (not shown) to a back-up plate 12 of transparent plastic "Lexan", 0.75" thick, has an area density of 14 pounds per square foot and provides a ballistic limit of 3220 f.p.s. for protection;
FIG. 2 is a composite of transparent armor 13 in which the transparent face plate 14 is aluminum oxide, 0.250" thick, bonded with a transparent adhesive to a back-up plate of transparent "Lexan" 1.00" thick, has an area density of 11.4 pounds per square foot and provides a ballistic limit of 2435 f.p.s. which is not satisfactory for protection against a projectile with a muzzle velocity of 2770 f.p.s. This deficiency may be corrected by increasing slightly the thickness of the face plate, such as 0.10";
FIG. 3 is a composite of transparent armor 16 in which the transparent face plate is made up of two transparent plates 17 and 18 of aluminum oxide each 0.250" thick with a transparent back-up plate 19 of "Lexan" 1.00" thick, all plates being bonded together with a transparent adhesive (not shown) and having an area density of 16.4 pounds per square foot which has a ballistic limit of 3820 f.p.s. for protection.
The composite armor of this invention is designed to meet the requirements of ballistic protection with light weight ceramic material that is completely transparent and has an improved capability of protection as compared to standard steel armor of equal areal density.
This comparison is shown in the following table in which competent ballistic protection is provided against caliber 0.30 AP M2 projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 2770 feet per second:
Areal Density
30 pounds per square foot for Laminated Glass
20 pounds per square foot for High Hardness Steel
10 pounds per square foot for Opaque Ceramic Composites
14-16.4 pounds per square foot for Translucent Ceramic and Plastic Back-up
14-16.4 pounds per square foot for Transparent Ceramic and Plastic Back-up
Areal density is a term used particularly in armor evaluation. Also where the same materials are translucent and are employed in the composite armor, it should be noted that due to the elastic constant and the accoustical velocity determinations that the results sought are practically identical with that of the transparent plates.
Claims (6)
1. Transparent ceramic armor comprising a light weight composite of transparent material adapted to shatter on impact projectiles with a muzzle velocity of approximately 3000 f.p.s., consisting of a transparent ceramic face plate backed by a transparent plastic plate and bonded thereto with a transparent adhesive so constructed and arranged that the light weight composite affords complete ballistic protection against projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 3000 f.p.s. or less.
2. Transparent ceramic armor comprising, a light weight composite of transparent material adapted to shatter small arms projectiles on impact, consisting of a transparent facing of magnesium oxide adapted to spread the impact force of a projectile and bonded with a transparent adhesive to a transparent plastic backing adapted to absorb any excess energy from impact on face plate, said backing reduced both in ballistic requirement and in weight by the greater distribution of the impact force by the face plate whereby the composite provides improved protection with transparent armor over standard steel armor of equal areal density.
3. Transparent ceramic armor comprising, a light weight composite of transparent material adapted on impact to shatter projectiles with a muzzle velocity of approximately 3000 f.p.s., consisting of a transparent face plate of magnesium oxide adapted on impact to spread and reduce the impact force per unit area and bonded with a transparent adhesive to a transparent plastic backup plate as a safety factor to absorb excess energy of the impact together with fragments of the face plate and the projectile so constructed and arranged that the requirements of the back-up plate are materially reduced by the reaction of the face plate in reducing the impact force per unit area to permit the light weight composite provide complete ballistic protection against projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 3000 f.p.s. or less.
4. Transparent ceramic armor comprising, a light weight composite of transparent material with an areal density of 14.0 pounds per square foot adapted to shatter on impact projectiles with a muzzle velocity of approximately 3000 f.p.s., consisting of a transparent face plate of magnesium oxide 0.50" thick adapted on impact to spread and reduce the impact force per unit area and bonded with a transparent adhesive to a transparent plastic back-up plate 0.75" thick adapted to absorb less excess energy per unit area due to the greater distribution of impact force per unit area by the face plate whereby the light weight composite provides improved protection with transparent armor over standard steel armor of equal areal density.
5. Transparent ceramic armor comprising, a light weight composite of transparent material with an areal density 16.4 pounds per square foot adapted to shatter on impact projectiles with a muzzle valocity of approximately 3000 f.p.s., consisting of a transparent laminated face plate of two plates of aluminum oxide each 0.250" thick adapted on impact to spread and reduce the impact force per unit area and bonded with a transparent adhesive to a transparent plastic back-up plate 1.00" thick adapted to absorb less excess energy per unit area due to the greater distribution of the impact force per unit area by the face plate so constructed and arranged that the light weight composite provides improved ballistic protection with transparent armor over standard steel armor of equal areal density.
6. A transparent ceramic armor comprising a light weight composite of transparent material adapted to shatter on impact projectiles with a muzzle velocity of approximately 3000 f.p.s., consisting of a transparent face plate of aluminum oxide 0.5" thick adapted on impact to spread and reduce the impact force per unit area and bonded with a transparent adhesive to a transparent plastic back-up plate 1.00" thick reduced in ballistic requirement by the greater distribution of the impact force on the face plate so constructed and arranged that the light weight transparent composite has an areal density not exceeding 16.5 pounds per square foot and provides complete ballistic protection against projectiles with a muzzle velocity of 3000 f.p.s. or less.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US04/522,788 USH1519H (en) | 1966-01-24 | 1966-01-24 | Transparent ceramic composite armor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US04/522,788 USH1519H (en) | 1966-01-24 | 1966-01-24 | Transparent ceramic composite armor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USH1519H true USH1519H (en) | 1996-03-05 |
Family
ID=24082348
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US04/522,788 Abandoned USH1519H (en) | 1966-01-24 | 1966-01-24 | Transparent ceramic composite armor |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USH1519H (en) |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0901606A1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1999-03-17 | United Defense, L.P. | Passive roof armor |
EP1166031A1 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2002-01-02 | Rafael - Armament Development Authority Ltd. | Ballistic armor panel |
US6408733B1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2002-06-25 | William J. Perciballi | Ceramic armor apparatus for multiple bullet protection |
US6860186B2 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2005-03-01 | Michael Cohen | Ceramic bodies and ballistic armor incorporating the same |
US20050235818A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2005-10-27 | Lucuta Petru G | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
US20060060077A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2006-03-23 | Aceram Technologies, Inc. | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
US20060286883A1 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-12-21 | The Brown Idea Group, Llc | Ballistics panel, structure, and associated methods |
US20070283801A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Armorsmith Company | Armor apparatus and method |
US20090320675A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2009-12-31 | Landingham Richard L | Mosaic Transparent Armor |
US20100011948A1 (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2010-01-21 | Ricky Don Johnson | Armored cab for vehicles |
US20100031810A1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2010-02-11 | Neal Murray L | Transparent ballistic resistant armor |
US20100257997A1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | NOVA Research, Inc | Armor Plate |
US20100330341A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2010-12-30 | Defbar Systems Llc | Transparent blast and ballistic projectile resistant barrier |
EP2275770A1 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2011-01-19 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. | Transparent ceramic composite |
US7895932B1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2011-03-01 | D&O Innovations, LLC | Optically clear turret dome, and combined turret shroud |
US20110088541A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | Linda Ruth Pinckney | Transparent armour having improved ballistic properties |
US20110203452A1 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Nova Research, Inc. | Armor plate |
US8066319B2 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2011-11-29 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments, L.P. | Vehicle emergency egress assembly |
US8087339B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 | 2012-01-03 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Armor system |
US8161862B1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2012-04-24 | Corning Incorporated | Hybrid laminated transparent armor |
DE102011014100A1 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | Ceramtec-Etec Gmbh | Transparent ballistic protection system |
US8632120B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2014-01-21 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments L.P. | Universal latch mechanism |
US8695476B2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2014-04-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Armor plate with shock wave absorbing properties |
NO345285B1 (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-11-30 | Missingen Services As | Antiballistic panel arranged for optical inspection and procedure thereof |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3700534A (en) * | 1963-03-28 | 1972-10-24 | Goodyear Aircraft Corp | Hard faced plastic armorplate |
US3722355A (en) * | 1965-08-03 | 1973-03-27 | Aerojet General Co | Lightweight armor material |
-
1966
- 1966-01-24 US US04/522,788 patent/USH1519H/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3700534A (en) * | 1963-03-28 | 1972-10-24 | Goodyear Aircraft Corp | Hard faced plastic armorplate |
US3722355A (en) * | 1965-08-03 | 1973-03-27 | Aerojet General Co | Lightweight armor material |
Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0901606A1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1999-03-17 | United Defense, L.P. | Passive roof armor |
EP0901606A4 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 2001-01-10 | United Defense Lp | Passive roof armor |
EP1166031A1 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2002-01-02 | Rafael - Armament Development Authority Ltd. | Ballistic armor panel |
US6408733B1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2002-06-25 | William J. Perciballi | Ceramic armor apparatus for multiple bullet protection |
US20060060077A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2006-03-23 | Aceram Technologies, Inc. | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
US20100154623A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2010-06-24 | Aceram Materials And Technologies Inc. | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
EP1666830A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2006-06-07 | Aceram Technologies Inc. | A spall layer and an armour plate for an armour system |
US20050235818A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2005-10-27 | Lucuta Petru G | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
US7562612B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2009-07-21 | Aceram Materials & Technologies, Inc. | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
US8215223B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2012-07-10 | Aceram Materials And Technologies Inc. | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
US20100101403A1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2010-04-29 | Aceram Materials And Technologies Inc. | Ceramic components, ceramic component systems, and ceramic armour systems |
US6860186B2 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2005-03-01 | Michael Cohen | Ceramic bodies and ballistic armor incorporating the same |
US20100011948A1 (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2010-01-21 | Ricky Don Johnson | Armored cab for vehicles |
US7770506B2 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2010-08-10 | Bae Systems Tactical Vehicle Systems Lp | Armored cab for vehicles |
US20060286883A1 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-12-21 | The Brown Idea Group, Llc | Ballistics panel, structure, and associated methods |
EP2275770A1 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2011-01-19 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. | Transparent ceramic composite |
US20070283801A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Armorsmith Company | Armor apparatus and method |
US20100330341A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2010-12-30 | Defbar Systems Llc | Transparent blast and ballistic projectile resistant barrier |
US7861638B1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2011-01-04 | Defbar Systems Llc | Transparent blast and ballistic projectile resistant barrier |
US7895932B1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2011-03-01 | D&O Innovations, LLC | Optically clear turret dome, and combined turret shroud |
US7681485B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2010-03-23 | American Development Group International, Llc | Transparent ballistic resistant armor |
US20100031810A1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2010-02-11 | Neal Murray L | Transparent ballistic resistant armor |
US8028612B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2011-10-04 | American Development Group International, Llc | Transparent ballistic resistant armor |
US20110017053A1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2011-01-27 | American Development Group International, Llc | Transparent ballistic resistant armor |
US8066319B2 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2011-11-29 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments, L.P. | Vehicle emergency egress assembly |
US8632120B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2014-01-21 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments L.P. | Universal latch mechanism |
US8382191B2 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2013-02-26 | BAE Systems Land & Armamnets, L.P. | Vehicle emergency egress assembly |
US20120032470A1 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2012-02-09 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments, L.P. | Vehicle emergency egress assembly |
US8161862B1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2012-04-24 | Corning Incorporated | Hybrid laminated transparent armor |
US20090320675A1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2009-12-31 | Landingham Richard L | Mosaic Transparent Armor |
US8087339B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 | 2012-01-03 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Armor system |
US8176831B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2012-05-15 | Nova Research, Inc. | Armor plate |
US20100257997A1 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | NOVA Research, Inc | Armor Plate |
US20110088541A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | Linda Ruth Pinckney | Transparent armour having improved ballistic properties |
US20110203452A1 (en) * | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Nova Research, Inc. | Armor plate |
US8695476B2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2014-04-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Armor plate with shock wave absorbing properties |
DE102011014100A1 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | Ceramtec-Etec Gmbh | Transparent ballistic protection system |
NO345285B1 (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-11-30 | Missingen Services As | Antiballistic panel arranged for optical inspection and procedure thereof |
US11248877B2 (en) | 2019-09-11 | 2022-02-15 | Missingen Services As | Antiballistic panel arranged for optical inspection and method thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USH1519H (en) | Transparent ceramic composite armor | |
USH1567H (en) | Transparent ceramic armor | |
US5059467A (en) | Protective ballistic panel having an interior hermetically sealed air space | |
US5567529A (en) | Multilayered glass laminate having enhanced resistance to penetration by high velocity projectiles | |
US3634177A (en) | Lightweight transparent penetration-resistant structure | |
US4131053A (en) | Armor plate | |
US3722355A (en) | Lightweight armor material | |
US6253655B1 (en) | Lightweight armor with a durable spall cover | |
US6825137B2 (en) | Lightweight ballistic resistant rigid structural panel | |
US5200256A (en) | Composite lightweight bullet proof panel for use on vessels, aircraft and the like | |
US3864204A (en) | Multilayered safety glass | |
Klement et al. | Transparent armour materials | |
US5469773A (en) | Light weight armor | |
US8616113B2 (en) | Encapsulated ballistic protection system | |
US3702593A (en) | Removal of surface from boron carbide composite armor | |
US3917891A (en) | Fragmentation shield for impact resisting optical medium | |
US10197363B1 (en) | Porous refractory armor substrate | |
US20110203452A1 (en) | Armor plate | |
KR20000048746A (en) | Ceramic bodies for use in composite armor | |
AU782411B2 (en) | Protective material | |
Yilmazcoban et al. | Ballistic protection evaluation of sequencing the composite material sandwich panels for the reliable combination of armor layers | |
CN103496225A (en) | High-strength light-weight weather-proof type bulletproof glass | |
TR201811167T4 (en) | Armor. | |
FR2425046A1 (en) | Bullet-proof shields of hard sheet metal backed by resin bonded fibres - to inhibit penetration by soft pointed bullets | |
GB1318351A (en) | Composite armour |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |