CH679875A5 - - Google Patents

Abstract

The device serves to fix facade plates (P) with rear ventilation on a building (B). For this purpose, vertical rails (S) are fixed on the building (B), on which rails are fixed supporting brackets (1) fixed vertically adjustably at selectable distances. Each supporting bracket (1) has at least one, preferably two, upwardly directed supporting extensions (11) and a, preferably interposed, retaining spring (14) acting away from the building. Attached to the building-side rear (PR) of each facade plate (P) is a support (T). The support (T) is preferably T-shaped in cross-section, its downwardly projecting support web (2) engaging between the supporting extensions (11). The retaining spring (14) acts on the support (T), in this case preferably on the support web (T2), in such a way that the support flange (T1) is pressed by its two flange noses (T3, T4) in each case into one building-side horizontal retaining groove (12; 13) of each supporting extension (11). Each facade plate (P) is thereby individually mountable and demountable. Where a higher stability of the plate is desired, it can be provided below the said support (T) additionally with a further support (T) which cooperates with a bearing bracket (2). <IMAGE>

Description

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description

The invention relates to a facade construction according to the preamble of claim 1.

It should be noted that in the invention, for reasons of fire protection alone, the construction elements usually consist at least largely of metal and the facade panels, for example, of ceramic material.

Such a facade construction is known from EP-B1 0 215 993. Compared to earlier constructions, such as are known from the AU-B 413 954, AU-B 520 993, FR-A 2 094 397 and FR-A 2 528 484, it has the great advantage that the plates can be used individually and removable, so they can be replaced individually. This one-way interchangeability means great effort and cost savings when building and repairing a facade.

In the construction of the abovementioned EP-B1 0 215 993, each support bracket has a downward, rigid extension on its underside, which rests on the upper edge of the outside of the facade panel pointing away from the building. A spring clamped on the vertical rail presses the assembled facade panel against the rigid extension in such a way that the facade panel can be pressed in against the spring in the direction of the wall. The lower edge of the assembled facade panel is held by a similar support bracket located below with a detachable extension pointing upwards. Here, too, a spring clamped to the rail presses the mounted facade panel against the movable extension so that it can be pushed into the wall. The facade panel holds the movable extension under spring action. The movable extension can therefore only be removed or inserted when the facade panel is pressed in. Once removed, the facade panel can be swung out at the bottom and removed downwards. The insertion can be reversed.

The construction of the above-mentioned EP-B1 0 215 993 therefore has the main advantage of the interchangeability of individual facade panels; in addition, it is much more time-saving than the previous systems:

- The rigid part of the support brackets can be assembled in one (uniform) operation before inserting the facade panels. This also has a positive effect on the interchangeability of the facade panels; The facade panels can be assembled in one (again uniform) work step, whereby they can be used individually. Each façade panel uses its weight to secure the movable part of the support bracket used in its assembly. Because of this individual assembly of the facade panels, you can start assembling the facade panels at different locations at the same time. You can leave recesses for the scaffolding attachment on the building, which can only be closed during the scaffolding demolition. This individual mountability also has a positive effect with regard to the individual interchangeability of the facade panels. You don't need a tool to assemble the facade panels, you can do it by hand.

- The facade panels can be replaced individually without having to deform or destroy the parts of the support brackets used to secure them.

- The facade panels fastened in this way can deform without tension, regardless of the substructure. Deformations, whether due to internal stresses or third-party forces such as temperature fluctuations, wind loads, building deformations, can therefore no longer lead to damage. Through the appropriate dimensioning of the springs, which act between the rails and the plates, the strength can additionally be achieved for the plates, which is required in view of the expected stress (internal stresses, third-party loads due to wind load, etc.).

One disadvantage of parts of the handling when assembling and disassembling individual facade panels could be regarded as disadvantageous:

- When assembling you have to keep the facade panel slightly raised and pressed in against the spring force until the two movable extensions are inserted into the associated support brackets;

- When removing a facade panel, you have to press it in against the spring force and lift it slightly before you can get to the two mentioned moving parts of the support bracket, and you have to keep the facade panel raised and pressed in while removing the above-mentioned moving parts of the support bracket.

The invention has for its object to simplify the assembly and interchangeability of ventilated facade panels and to obtain all of the advantages described above at least equivalent.

To solve this problem, the facade construction characterized in claim 1 is proposed.

To mount a facade panel, you only need to hold it up to the rails at a suitable height so that the end areas of the girder are just above the two associated support brackets. Now you can let go of the facade panel, with the support being held by the support brackets. So the facade panel can no longer crash. In a preferred embodiment, the carrier web passes between the two support extensions of the support brackets on the side of the retaining spring (located between the support extensions) facing away from the building. The carrier flange lies with its flange lugs on the carrying extensions. If you now press the facade panel in the support area against the retaining spring towards the building, the flange lugs mentioned get onto the side of the support extensions facing the structure, so that the facade panel can sink through its own weight until the support flange on the structure-side support extension 5

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lies. Now the flange lugs are in front of the holding grooves. If you let go of the facade panel again, the retaining spring presses the flange lugs into the retaining grooves. The assembly is finished.

The disassembly can be done the other way round: one presses the facade panel in the support area a little to remove the flange lugs from the holding grooves, whereupon the facade panel is lifted a little and can be pushed outwards in the raised state by the retaining spring. Now you can simply remove the facade panel upwards and outwards.

There is no need to laboriously hold when inserting or removing the moving parts.

The on-site flange nose of the carrier flange is preferably hook-shaped at the bottom of the carrier flange and engages around the associated carrying extension from above.

The retaining grooves of the support extensions of one of the two support brackets interacting with the same support should preferably have a lower coefficient of friction compared to the flange lugs of the support flange engaging therein than is the case with the support grooves of the support extensions of the second support bracket interacting with the same support flange.

This ensures that no stresses occur and, for example, the same point, which has the lower coefficient of friction, always takes up movement during dilation movements, so that the facade panels do not migrate. If both friction coefficients were the same, the location of the movement would not be determined and facade panels could move.

This can be realized very easily by the fact that the holding grooves with a lower coefficient of friction are made of plastic and the holding grooves with a higher coefficient of friction are made of metal.

Because the rails, the support brackets and the supports, as well as their fastening elements are preferably made of metal, there is no need to fear that the plastic will be damaged in the event of a fire; because the metal support web sits between the metal support extensions of the support bracket so that the facade panel cannot fall.

In principle, especially in the preferred embodiment, one could fasten each facade panel with only a single support, which can be advantageously done with relatively small vertical dimensions of the facade panels.

The following preferred embodiment is recommended for a particularly solid construction:

- At the rear of each facade panel, two supports are attached, of which the upper one cooperates with the two support brackets in the manner described, while the lower of the two supports engages with its support web in two support brackets which are fastened to different rails below the support brackets, and

- each support bracket has two support extensions pointing upwards and a support spring in between,

- Which support spring rests on the inside of the carrier web facing the building in such a way that the carrier web is pressed against the inside of the supporting extension facing the building, which is located further away from the building; The facade panel can be pressed together with the carrier against the mentioned support spring towards the building.

In this construction, an embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the coefficient of friction of the support grooves, which have the higher coefficient of friction, is higher than the coefficient of friction between the carrier web and the point of cooperation of the support extensions which are further away from the structure.

Then the location of the greatest friction is located at the carrier grooves with the higher coefficient of friction, so that e.g. when the facade panels are dilated, all other three fastening points slide more easily than the first. This prevents any movement of the facade panels.

The difference in the coefficient of friction is preferably achieved by the fact that the support extension cooperating with the support web has a plastic insert at the point in contact with the support web.

Here, too, there is no risk of falling in the case of an otherwise metal construction because the metal support web sits between the metal support extensions.

In all cases, it is preferred if each retaining spring and each support spring abuts the carrier web with a cambered side. This can prevent undesired tilting during assembly work and during dilatation movements. This is without prejudice to the influencing of the dilation movements by different friction coefficients discussed above.

A smooth outer surface of the facade, free of fastening elements, may not only be desirable from an aesthetic point of view; Technical advantages (for example, ease of cleaning) can also make the absence of externally visible fastening parts desirable. For this purpose, it is preferred if each support is connected to the facade panel at two fastening points, which are concealed on the rear side of the associated facade panel.

It may also be necessary to exclude tensions between the support and the facade panel connected to it, which can be caused, for example, by dilation.

For this purpose, a construction is preferred which is characterized in that each support is fixedly attached to one of the two fastening points and horizontally displaceable on the other relative to the facade panel. The fixed attachment is preferably effected by a suitable positive connection or by a clamping screw. You can slide at the sliding point

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convey it by a so-called lubricating intermediate layer between the otherwise metallic parts.

According to the invention, an easy to assemble and disassemble construction has thus been created which retains the aforementioned advantages and in some cases brings new advantages as described above.

The invention is discussed below, for example with reference to the schematic drawing. Show it:

1 shows a broken view of a facade, the facade panels P of which are separated from one another and not in alignment by air gaps,

2 shows an enlarged horizontal section along line II-II in FIG. 1,

3 shows a horizontal section along line III-III in FIG. 1 corresponding to FIG. 2,

4 shows a vertical section corresponding to FIGS. 2 and 3 along line IV-IV in FIG. 1,

5 to 9 in the upper part of each a similar to FIG. 4, reduced vertical section to show different stages of assembly in facade construction, and below, shown somewhat larger, the mutual position of the brackets 1 and 2 with respect to the respective associated carrier T, Fig. 10 is a comparison of two support brackets 1, one of which is equipped with ordinary holding grooves 12 made of metal and the other with plastic holding grooves (which have a lower coefficient of friction), and

FIG. 11 shows a representation of a support bracket 2 corresponding to FIG. 10 in order to illustrate the plastic insert 23.

The following reference symbols are shown in the drawing:

B structure (wall); only in Fig. 4. P facade panels; 1 to 9.

PR back of P, directed to B; 2 to 4. PF fastening points ari PR; 1 to 4. PM bolts and nuts, one bolt in each PF holds a P1 to P with the associated nut; 2 to 4.

P1 bracket, for T to attach it to P; 2 to 4.

P2 clamping screw in one P1 per T; in Fig. 3.

T support, held horizontally in two P1 on P; 1 to 11.

T1 support flange from T, running horizontally; 4 to 11.

T2 support web from T, projecting vertically downwards; 4 to 11.

T3 outer flange nose of T1 (it is arranged on the PR facing side of T1 and directed away from B); in Figs. 4,9 and 10.

T4 inner flange nose of T1 (it is arranged on the B-facing side of T1 and directed like a hook facing away from B); in Figs. 4,9 and 10.

S rails, vertically running (in a manner not shown) attached to B; 1 to 9. S1 support grooves, vertical in S for S2; 2 to 4.

52 hammer nuts, insertable in S1 through slot opening; stand sideways when turning to tighten S3; 2 to 4.

53 screws in S2 that engage 15 and 2 directly to secure 1 and 12 to S; 1 to 4, 10 and 11.

1 support bracket; 1, 2 and 4 to 11.

11 carrying appendages, two each protruding vertically upwards; 2, 4 and 8 to 10.

12 holding grooves, one horizontally in 11, facing B; in Figs. 2,4,9 and 10.

13 plastic retaining grooves in plastic parts of 11; in Fig. 10.

14 retaining spring in 1 between the two 11; applies T2 on its B facing side; 4 to 10.

15 cambered page of 14; 4 and 10.

16 mounting brackets for 1; in Figs. 2,4 and 10.

2 support brackets; 3 to 9 and 11.

21 support processes, two on 2 vertically protruding; in Figs. 1,3,4 and 11.

22 insert groove in a 21; in Fig. 11.

23 plastic insert in a 22; in Fig. 11.

24 support spring between the two 21; acts on T2 on its B facing side; 4 to 9 and 11.

25 domed page of 24; in Figs. 4 and 11.

26 mounting hole of 2; 3 to 5 and 11. The assembly of such a facade can be done as follows:

After the substructure (in this case the vertical rails 5) has been attached to the structure B (by means of spacers, not shown), the support brackets 1 and the support brackets 2 are mounted on the rails S at the predetermined intervals.

The support brackets 1 are combined with the mounting bracket 16; through the mounting bracket 16, the screw S3 is inserted, which is inserted and clamped with the hammer nut S2 into the associated support groove S1 of the rail S.

The support brackets are fastened in a similar way, except that the screw S3 (without fastening bracket) is passed directly through the fastening opening 26 of the support bracket before it is provided with the hammer head nut S2 and the latter is placed in the support groove S1 of the rail S.

All of the above parts are made of metal. Each support bracket 1 has two upwardly directed support extensions 11, which are essentially parallel to the structure B, and a retaining spring 14 arranged between them. Each upper support T of a facade panel P is assigned two support brackets 1. One of these support brackets 1 is completely metal, so that the horizontal support grooves 12 of the support extensions 11, which are open towards the building B, are also metal. The other support bracket 1 has 11 plastic support grooves 13 with a lower coefficient of friction on their metal support extensions. The effect of these design features has already been described. 10 shows the two different support brackets, while otherwise only the metal version is shown for the sake of simplicity. The retaining spring 14 returns to the carrier5

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web T2 has a cambered side 15, which appears to be assembly and friction-favorable.

Analogously, the support brackets 2, which are completely metal with the exception of the plastic insert 23, are shown with support extensions 21 and support spring 24 and only in FIG becomes. The effect in itself is the same as that already described for the holding grooves 12 and 13. The holding groove 12 with the higher coefficient of friction thus serves as a kind of fixed point, while easier sliding is possible on the plastic parts 13 and 23. The support spring 24 also faces the carrier web T2 with a cambered side 25 in order to create more favorable conditions for cooperation.

Each facade panel P has a rear side PR facing the building B, at which fastening points PF are provided, in each of which a screw with a nut holds a holder P1. Each of two cooperating brackets P1 has a clamping screw P2 for fixing the carrier flange T1 of the carrier T inserted in the bracket PI, while it can slide in the other bracket P1 to compensate for stresses, as has already been described.

Each carrier T is T-shaped. It has the support flange T1 just mentioned, from which the support web T2, which has also already been mentioned, projects downward. The carrier flange T1 has two lugs T3 and T4, of which the inner flange lug T4 runs downward and outward in the manner of a hook in order to encompass the associated holding extension 11.

The assembled state is shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, 10 and 11.

The assembly can be seen well in FIGS. 5 to 9. The facade panels P are approached to the rails 1 in such a way that the supports T are located above the brackets 1 and 2, respectively. If there is already a facade panel at the top, the newly added facade panel P will be moved slightly obliquely, as shown in FIG. 5.

The facade panel P is now lowered into the state shown in FIG. 6, for which purpose it could simply be released, which is just not done to avoid knocks. Now the carrier webs T2 are already between the outer support extension 11 and the retaining spring 14 or between the outer support extension 21 and the support spring 24. The facade panel P is thus already secured against falling. The carrier flange T1 lies with its flange lugs (not shown in FIG. 6) on the carrying extensions 11.

The facade panel P is now pressed against the retaining spring 14 and reaches the intermediate position shown in FIG. 7.

From this position according to FIG. 7, the facade panel P already sinks under the effect of its weight (you have to help a little at most) down to the position shown in FIG. 8, in which the support flange T1 rests on the building extension 11.

If you now let go of the facade panel P, it is advanced by the retaining spring 14, the

Snap the flange tabs T3 and T4 into the retaining grooves 12 (or possibly 13).

Disassembly can be done in reverse.

All parts are made of metal, preferably light metal, with the exception of the springs and with the exception of the parts made of plastic, which can be seen in particular from FIGS. 10 and 11.

Here, too, the simple, safe and single-plate installation is clear.

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Facade construction with a device for fastening ventilated facade panels (P) to a building (B), with - vertical rails (S) attached to the structure (B), and - On the rails (S) at selectable intervals, height-adjustable mounting brackets (1), which have upward-facing support extensions (11) for holding the facade panels (P) at a distance from the building (B), characterized in that - On each facade panel (P) a on its building-side rear (PR) located support (T) is attached, the support flange (T1) cooperates with two support brackets (1) attached to different rails (S), and - Each support bracket (1) has at least one upwardly directed extension (11) and a retaining spring (14), which retaining spring (14) rests on the inside of the support (T) facing the structure (B) in such a way that the support flange ( T1) with at least one nose (T3, T4) in each building-side horizontal holding groove (12; 13) of each support extension (11) against the above-mentioned holding spring (14) towards the building (B). 2. Facade construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (T) has a support web (T2) projecting downward from its support flange (T1), with which it is attached to each support bracket (1) between its two upwardly directed support extensions (11 ) intervenes. 3. Facade construction according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the retaining spring (14), which sits on each support bracket (1) between its two support extensions (11), engages on the carrier web (T2). 4. Facade construction according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the building-side flange nose (T4) of the support flange (T1) is hook-shaped at the bottom of the support flange (T1) and encompasses the associated extension (11) from above. 5. Facade construction according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the rear (FR) of each facade panel (P) two carriers (T) are attached, of which the upper carrier (T) in the aforementioned manner with the two support brackets ( 1) interacts while the lower support (T) with its support web (T2) is inserted between two support extensions (21) of two support brackets (2) each adjustable in height on different rails (S) below the support brackets (1). 5 10th 15 20th 25th 30th 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 G CH 679 875 A5 engages, and a support spring (24) seated between the support extensions (21) acts on the structure (B) away in such a way that the support (T) contacts the inside of the structure (B) facing the outside of the structure (B), which is further away Supporting extension (21) against the support spring (24) to the structure (B) is held depressed. 6. Facade construction according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the retaining grooves (13) of the support extensions (11) one of the two with the same carrier (T) cooperating support brackets (1) with respect to the engaging flange lugs (T3, T4) of the support flange (T1) have a lower coefficient of friction than is the case with the retaining grooves (12) of the support extensions (11) of the second support bracket (1) interacting with the same support flange (T1). 7. Facade construction according to claim 6, characterized in that the coefficient of friction of the support grooves (12), which have the higher coefficient of friction, is higher than the coefficient of friction between the support web (T2) and the point of cooperation of the support extensions removed from the structure (B) (21). 8. Facade construction according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each retaining spring (14) and each support spring (24) abuts with a cambered side (15; 25) on the carrier web (T2) 9. facade construction according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each carrier (T) at two fastening points (PF), which are arranged on the rear side (PR) of the associated facade panel (P), with the facade panel (P) connected is. 10. Facade construction according to claim 9, characterized in that each carrier (T) at one of the two fastening points (PF) is fixedly and horizontally displaceably mounted on the other relative to the facade panel (P). & 5 10th 15 20th 25th 30th 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 6