EP1182306A2 - Connection system for wall elements on building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The fixture system is for wall components (1) to building walls (2) and has a holding device (6) fixed to the building, with which a suspension device is engaged. One or more wall components (1) are held on the side of the suspension device turned away from the building. The engagement system formed by the holding device and the suspension device has at least two rows spaced apart in a horizontal direction, with at least two holding components (8) vertically one beneath the other, in each row, at least one holding component with the holding device (6) as counter bearing accommodates the vertical operating forces coming from the suspension device on which the wall components are held.

Description

The invention relates to a fastening system for wall elements on building walls with a holding device attached to the building and one with the Holding device in engagement with the hanging device on the side facing away from the building Side one or more wall elements are held, the engagement system formed by the holding device and the hanging device at least two spaced apart in the horizontal direction Rows with at least two vertically arranged holding elements has, and with at least one holding element in each row the holding device as a counter bearing from the suspension device with it supported wall elements resulting vertical operating forces.

Such a fastening system is, for example, from the Wendker company Leichtmetall- und Leichtbau GmbH in D-45701 Herten, mallets and Iron Road 50 offered for several years.

Numerous fastening and hanging systems of this type are from practice known. The plate weights and operating loads, for example from wind pressure or wind suction, with relatively complex and thus also heavy Holding and adjusting constructions caught.

Figures 3a and 3b show a vertical section and a horizontal section through a facade standard part according to the state of the art, in which the facade panel over a hook in a cross bolt on the shell attached substructure is attached. The plate weight and the additional operating loads are usually placed side by side Bolt hangings with a maximum vertical spacing of 1m distributed. This was done from the previously valid concept, particularly rational and thus inexpensive to manufacture. The resulting relatively high stress The individual suspension points require very strong and therefore heavy frame structures of the wall elements and also accordingly designed substructures on the building wall. The Strength design of the entire construction according to the principle that in the worst case, the plate only rests in two places. This is how it came about Kind of quite reliable, but heavy suspensions, the high ones Cause material and labor costs.

In addition, the large distance between the suspension points leads to this Weight distributed by a few points with deformation due to assembly and operation for larger plate bulges, twists and bending stresses, what with brittle materials such as stone, glass, ceramics and concrete the cracking favored.

The large amount of material and the heavy construction of the conventional Fastening systems are required for sufficient stiffening of the Holding frame with the mounted wall elements in the attached state on the substructure attached to the building wall.

An improved fastening system is known from the German utility model 298 14 948.6, in which the counter bearing to the Hook through a vertical sequence of preferably slit-shaped Recesses are formed, the hooks are protruding, and in each row at least three hooks with the corresponding counter bearings originating from the hanging device with mounted wall elements absorb vertical operating forces. This is supposed to be a simple suspension of Facade panels and other wall elements to allow for less Weight and considerable material and labor savings in the manufacture of the fastening system is a vertical one, distributed over considerably more points Has operating load absorption and thus overall higher stability and insensitivity to vibrations e.g. guaranteed from wind power.

A disadvantage of this known system, however, is that the suspension device always fixed in advance on the back of the wall elements must be installed before the wall elements including the hanging device can be hung in the holding device. The wall elements as such are therefore difficult to disassemble and are not easily separated interchangeable.

The invention is based on the object of a fastening system of the kind described in the introduction to make it as simple as possible and inexpensive to manufacture parts with a low weight, where the individual wall elements can be easily assembled and disassembled, especially when damaged against individual other wall elements are interchangeable, in particular the suspension device not in advance be fixed to the back of the wall elements on the building side must and where the holding elements before installing the wall elements in the Holding device should be magazine.

According to the invention, this task is as surprisingly simple as effective way solved in that the holding device at least includes two vertical rails that run along the horizontal spaced rows are arranged that the suspension device of at least four, independently of each other before installing the wall elements holding elements which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the rails is formed, wherein the rails are designed so that they insert the holding elements after the same in the rails on a horizontal falling out of the Prevent rails, and that the holding elements have holding portions that reach behind correspondingly shaped sections of the wall elements and against falling out of the wall elements after their installation in the hanging device to back up.

The inventive use of rails and in these rails Slidable small holding elements are compared to the above Known fastening systems described the dead weight of the used Parts reduced again, which leads to further weight savings of the entire fastening system. The holding elements can - in front or after attaching the holding device to the building wall, on everyone Case before installing the wall elements - inserted into the rails and there until the assembly of the wall elements. This makes it easier Installation process of the wall elements considerably and gives a large space also for the disassembly and interchangeability of individual wall elements.

To a defined operating load distribution in the assembled state as well Defined, precisely defined distances for easier installation of the wall elements with a predeterminable relative position of the holding sections on the to reach corresponding sections of the wall elements are at one particularly preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention the holding elements arranged in a fixable manner in the rails.

In an advantageous further development of this type of training, the Rails each have a running surface on which a running section of the holding elements can slide along. The treads and those against the treads facing counter surfaces of the barrel sections should be designed so that they can be moved relative to each other with as little friction as possible, which Assembly process made considerably easier. For example, the respective Surfaces as smooth metal surfaces, possibly even with sliding coatings his.

A particularly preferred further development is characterized in that the Treads on defined, preferably equidistant in the longitudinal direction of the rails arranged locations have openings, in particular round holes, that through recesses in the running sections of the holding elements, in particular elongated holes are provided, and that the holding elements on the rails by means of the recesses and the openings inserted bolt can be attached. In this way you can defined distances and a simple fixation without screwing technically easy to implement. In addition, this variant of the invention the holding elements can be easily assembled and detached again. By then The wall elements mounted on the outside of the building are the push-through elements Bolt automatically secured against loosening and slipping out.

In an alternative development, it is provided that the running sections of the Holding elements have continuous threaded holes, and that the Holding elements on the rails by means of screwed through the threaded holes Clamping screws or threaded bolts can be attached. With this variant, no openings on the rails have to be provided be so that the treads are continuous and smooth without interruption run. The respective position of the holding elements in their fixed position in the rails can be freely adjusted along the rail axis. The holding elements are in the preselected position by means of the threaded hole turned clamping screws or threaded bolts against the tread the corresponding rail clamped.

An embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention is particularly inexpensive, in which the rails are preferably made of extruded shaped profiles are constructed from aluminum molded profiles. Such extruded Shape profiles are also available in almost any configuration Special applications, but especially as a standardized mass product available very inexpensively.

A further development of this embodiment is particularly advantageous, in which the Rails over holders, in particular preferably made of aluminum existing angle or T brackets rigidly connected to the building wall are. This connection technology is in itself in a different context Building applications well known.

Another, particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Fastening system is characterized in that between horizontal side-by-side wall elements are essentially vertical, Resilient spacers are arranged in the building side Matching assembly grooves of the holding device inserted or pressed are. This allows the wall elements to be held horizontally in a defined position and any manufacturing tolerances in the fastening system be balanced.

The resilient spacers can be made of an elastic in training Plastic inexpensive and low weight.

Alternatively, especially with higher mechanical requirements, the resilient spacers can also be made of metal.

In a particularly preferred development, the resilient spacers are constructed in such a way that when installed they put pressure on the wall elements exercise and thereby also movements perpendicular to the plane of the Building wall and thus the rattling noises of the assembled Can prevent wall elements.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Fastening system is the holding device with a thermal Separating layer, especially with insulation material towards the building wall deposited. The thermal separation layer can, for example, by means of dowels Shell to be fixed. It is also possible to attach the insulation layer on the brackets of the holding device on the building wall.

In further advantageous embodiments of the fastening system according to the invention can reduce the torsional and flexural rigidity of the entire Fastening system can be significantly improved in that the vertical running rails stiffened by cross struts, especially as an all-round frame are trained.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description and the Drawing. Likewise, the above and those listed further can Features according to the invention individually for themselves or for several can be used in any combination. The ones shown and described Embodiments are not to be understood as a final list, rather, they have an exemplary character for the description the invention.

Fig. 1

eine räumliche, teilweise aufgeschnittene Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems in einer Ansicht von schräg oben;

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems mit montiertem Wandelement;

Fig.3a

einen schematischen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Befestigungssystem nach dem Stand der Technik;

Fig.3b

einen schematischen Horizontalschnitt durch das Befestigungssystem nach dem Stand der Technik gemäß Fig. 3a im Bereich eines Einhängebolzens;

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht in horizontaler Richtung auf eine Doppelschiene des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems;

Fig.5a

eine schematische Seitenansicht aus der Horizontalen auf ein verschiebbares Halteelement des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems;

Fig.5b

wie Fig.5a, aber Frontansicht aus der Horizontalen;

Fig.5c

wie Fig.5a, aber Draufsicht aus der Vertikalen;

Fig.6a

eine schematische Seitenansicht aus der Horizontalen auf ein als Abschlussteil am oberen oder unteren Ende der Schiene einsetzbares Halteelement;

Fig.6b

wie Fig.6a, aber Frontalansicht aus der Horizontalen;

Fig.6c

wie Fig.6a, aber Draufsicht aus der Vertikalen; und

Fig. 7

eine schematische Draufsicht aus der Vertikalen auf eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems mit federndem Abstandshalter zwischen zwei horizontal aneinandergrenzenden Wandelementen.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a spatial, partially cut away embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention in an oblique view from above;

Fig. 2

a schematic vertical section through an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with a mounted wall element;

3a

a schematic vertical section through a fastening system according to the prior art;

3b

a schematic horizontal section through the fastening system according to the prior art according to Figure 3a in the region of a suspension bolt.

Fig. 4

a plan view in the horizontal direction of a double rail of the fastening system according to the invention;

5a

is a schematic side view from the horizontal of a displaceable holding element of the fastening system according to the invention;

5 b

like Fig.5a, but front view from the horizontal;

5c

like Fig.5a, but top view from the vertical;

6a

a schematic side view from the horizontal of a holding element which can be used as a closing part at the upper or lower end of the rail;

Figure 6b

like Fig.6a, but frontal view from the horizontal;

6C

like Fig.6a, but top view from the vertical; and

Fig. 7

is a schematic plan view from the vertical of an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with a resilient spacer between two horizontally adjacent wall elements.

In the spatial representation shown in FIG. 1 there is one at the top and one on the right Building wall 2 can be recognized by an insulating layer in the foreground and left 3 connects, which is filled with insulation material and at their Wall 2 facing away from a cavity 4 for rear ventilation of the building facade borders. Passing through the cavity 4 and the insulation layer 3 is shown a holder 5, via which the rails 7 a Holding device 6 are rigidly connected to the building wall 2.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the holding device 6 consists of two integrally connected via a T-piece, parallel profile rails 7 made of metal, preferably aluminum, which facing away from your building Side holding elements 8 can take, which in turn on your side of the building facing away from wall elements 1, for example carrier plates, Wear tiles, tiles, facade panels and the like.

The holding elements 8 have running sections 12 which rest on a running surface 11 can slide along a rail 7 in the longitudinal direction thereof. By means of bolts 13 which pass through recesses 12a in the running sections 12 as well as through openings 11a shown in FIG. 4 can, in the embodiment shown, the holding elements 8 fixed a certain longitudinal position of the rail 7. Instead of through Recesses 12a and breakthroughs 11a insertable bolts 13 can in of the drawing, not shown, the holding elements 8 also by means of threaded bolts or clamping screws via a threaded hole in the each running section 12 braced against the treads 11 of the rails 7 become.

The fastening system according to the invention cannot in the drawing illustrated embodiments by horizontally between the the vertical Profile rails 7 of the holding device 6 connecting T-pieces extending Cross struts must be stiffened so that an all-round frame is formed overall becomes.

2 shows in a vertical section details of an embodiment of the Fastening system according to the invention shown. You can see horizontally from the side a fixed in the rail 7 fastener 8, the its building-facing side with its running section 12 against the tread 11 of the rail 7 abuts. On the side facing away from the building Holding element 8 two holding sections 9, 9 ', the correspondingly shaped Reach behind sections 10, 10 'of two wall elements 1 and thus against one Secure falling out of the suspension device. You can also see that that The holding element 8 shown in FIG. 2 shows the weight of the upper wall element 1 takes up which with its section 10 on the central part of the holding element 8 rests. A facing facing section 10 "this top wall element 1 covers the top view of the assembled facade holding element 8 behind.

In Fig. 3a, a fastening system 30 according to the State of the art, as it was cited and described in the beginning. On the building wall 2 is by an applied insulation layer 3 and one Ventilation cavity 4 reaching through a fastening element 35 Holding device 36 rigidly fixed. In its upper area it wears a horizontal Direction and parallel to the building wall 2 bolts 39, which weighs the entire weight of a suspension device 37, which over a Hook 38 is suspended on the bolt 39.

In the lower area, a further pin 39 'is provided, which is from another Hook 38 'of the hanging device 37 is included. The hook 38 'is however, not snugly on the bolt 39 ', but only serves to accommodate it of forces acting horizontally to the suspension device 7. This is in the state the technology deliberately carried out in such a way that if possible an overdetermination wanted to avoid the system and defined the suspension at the top Suspension point, so the bolt 39 wanted to have stored. In this respect, the Hook 38 'in the vertical direction not as a counter bearing to the bolt 39'. if it in practice, through previously undesirable setting processes, to a vertical support the hook on more than one hook in a vertical row, it would not be so wanted, on the contrary contrary to the planning and therefore faulty been.

3b finally shows the known suspension device 30 according to FIG. 3a again in a schematic horizontal section, in which the bolt 39 and the fastener 35 are clearly visible.

As already shown in Fig. 1, the rails 7 of the invention Fastening system in one piece via a T-piece of the holding device 6 be connected. The holding device 6 preferably exists as a whole from an extruded aluminum molded profile, as shown in Fig. 4 in a front view from the horizontal direction is shown. You can see that here above-mentioned treads 11 of the rails 7, on which in the assembled Condition the holding elements 8 slide. For fastening the holding elements 8 are in this exemplary embodiment, openings 11a in Form of round holes provided by the treads 11.

The extruded aluminum molded profiles that make up the holding devices 6 are constructed in such a way that the rails 7 according to Art closed guide rails, the holding elements 8 used on both sides comprise and prevent the same from falling out of the rails 7, however, a vertical shift, especially a vertical stacking of the Allow holding elements 8 within the rails 7 in the manner of a magazine. This allows the vertical guide rails to be installed before the facade panels are installed 7 of the extruded aluminum profiles with the in the Rule also made of aluminum holding elements 8 as in one Magazine filled and raised in pairs when installing the wall elements 1 and after inserting the respective wall element 1 with the aid of the in FIG. 1 shown bolts 13 are fixed.

If it becomes necessary to replace individual wall elements 1, for example for repair purposes, from optical or functional Reasons, only the wall elements above have to be raised, without having to loosen a screw connection. This simplifies it the handling of the fastening system according to the invention is enormous. Except when attaching the brackets 5 to the shell and the holding devices 6 to the brackets 5 must in this embodiment for the entire further assembly neither dowels nor screws are used. This guarantees a constraint-free and therefore flush installation of the Wall elements 1, which is particularly important with clay tile elements, and reduces the assembly costs to a minimum.

FIGS. 5a to 5c show an embodiment of the one used according to the invention Holding elements 8 shown in detail from all sides. You can see that Holding sections 9, 9 'and the treads 12 and the continuous through them Recess 12a in the form of an elongated hole. As mentioned above, can Instead of an elongated hole, for example, a threaded hole in the Tread 12 may be provided, by which not shown in the drawing Embodiments a threaded bolt or a clamping screw for bracing against the underlying tread 11 of a rail 7 can be rotated.

Figures 6a to 6c show one as a closing part 18 on the upper or lower End of a rail 7 used special embodiment of the invention holding elements used. The end part 18 has only one Holding section 19 'and a shortened barrel section 22.

Finally, in Fig. 7 is a plan view from the vertical in the assembled State of the fastening system according to the invention an embodiment shown in order to avoid rattling noises when exposed to wind a facade between two horizontally adjacent wall elements 1 Resilient spacer 14 is provided, for example from a elastic plastic or made of metal. The resilient Spacer 14 has a holding section on the building side in a matching one Installation channel 15 inserted between two parallel rails 7 or pressed. The fact that the spacer 14 in the assembled State exerts pressure on the two adjacent wall elements 1, he can also prevent movements perpendicular to the level of the building wall.

Claims (13)

Fastening system for wall elements (1) on building walls (2) with a holding device (6) attached to the building and a hanging device which engages with the holding device (6), on the side of which is remote from the building, one or more wall elements (1) are held, the by the holding device (6) and the hooking device formed engagement system has at least two rows spaced apart in the horizontal direction with at least two holding elements (8; 18) arranged vertically one below the other, and wherein in each row at least one holding element (8; 18) with the holding device (6 ) as a counter bearing absorbs the vertical operating forces originating from the hanging device with wall elements (1) held thereon,
characterized in that the holding device (6) comprises at least two vertically running rails (7) which are arranged along the horizontally spaced rows,
that the hanging device is formed by at least four holding elements (8; 18) which can be displaced independently of one another in the longitudinal direction of the rails (7) before the wall elements (1) are installed, the rails (7) being designed such that they hold the holding elements ( 8; 18) after inserting them into the rails (7) to prevent them from falling horizontally out of the rails (7), and that the holding elements (8; 18) have holding sections (9, 9 ';19'), the correspondingly shaped sections (10, 10 ') reach behind the wall elements (1) and secure them against falling out of the wall elements (1) after they have been installed in the hanging device. Fastening system according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding elements (8; 18) are arranged such that they can be fixed in the rails (7). Fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rails (7) each have a running surface (11) on which a running section (12; 22) of the holding elements (8; 18) can slide along. Fastening system according to claim 3, characterized in that the running surfaces (11) have openings (11a), in particular round holes, at defined points, preferably arranged equidistantly in the longitudinal direction of the rails (7), that in the running sections (12; 22) of the holding elements (8 ; 18) through recesses (12a), in particular elongated holes, and that the holding elements (8; 18) can be fastened to the rails (7) by means of bolts (13) inserted through the recesses (12a) and the openings (11a) , Fastening system according to claim 3, characterized in that the running sections (12; 22) of the holding elements (8; 18) have continuous threaded bores, and that the holding elements (8; 18) on the rails (7) by means of clamping screws or threaded bolts screwed through the threaded bores can be attached. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rails (7) are constructed from extruded molded profiles, preferably from aluminum molded profiles. Fastening system according to claim 6, characterized in that the rails (7) are rigidly connected to the building wall (2) via brackets (5), in particular via angle or T brackets preferably made of aluminum. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that essentially vertically running, resilient spacers (14) are arranged between wall elements (1) which are mounted horizontally next to one another and which are inserted or pressed into the fitting grooves (15) of the holding device (6) on the building side , Fastening system according to claim 8, characterized in that the resilient spacers (14) are made of an elastic plastic. Fastening system according to claim 8, characterized in that the resilient spacers (14) are made of metal. Fastening system according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the resilient spacers (14) are constructed so that they exert pressure on the wall elements (1) in the assembled state and thereby also movements perpendicular to the plane of the building wall (2) and thus prevent rattling noises from the mounted wall elements (1). Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding device (6) is deposited with a thermal separation layer, in particular with insulating material (3) towards the building wall (2). Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vertically running rails (7) are stiffened by cross struts, in particular are designed as an all-round frame.

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