ES2272232T3 - FIXING SYSTEM FOR WALL ELEMENTS IN FACADES. - Google Patents

Abstract

The fixture system is for wall components (1) to building walls (2) and has a holding device (6) fixed to the building, with which a suspension device is engaged. One or more wall components (1) are held on the side of the suspension device turned away from the building. The engagement system formed by the holding device and the suspension device has at least two rows spaced apart in a horizontal direction, with at least two holding components (8) vertically one beneath the other, in each row, at least one holding component with the holding device (6) as counter bearing accommodates the vertical operating forces coming from the suspension device on which the wall components are held.

Description

Fixing system for wall elements in facades

Clamping system for wall elements against the facades of buildings, composed of a device of fixing fixed against the building and by a device suspension attached to the fixing device on which, by the opposite side of the building, one or more elements are fixed murals, considering that the hitch system is part of the fixing device and the suspension device presents the less, two rows arranged at a distance from each other in the sense horizontal, with at least two fixing elements arranged vertically one below the other, existing in each row at least one fixing element with the fixing device as a stop, absorbing vertical service forces from of the suspension device with the wall elements fixed in this same, presenting the fixing device at least two clamping surfaces that extend vertically arranged longitudinally to horizontal spaced rows, forming the suspension device a minimum of four fixing elements, arranged before mounting the elements murals independently of each other in sense longitudinal to the clamping surface and where the elements of fixing have fixing sections that hook from behind the sections, respectively formed, of the mural elements, preventing a fall of the mural elements after its assembly in the suspension device

A fastening system of this type is known as through the patent DE 39 34 686 C2.

The Wendker Leichtmetall- und Leichtbau company GmbH in D-45701 Herten, Schlägel- u. Eisen-StraBe 50 also offers several years, fastening systems.

In practice, multiple systems of clamping and suspension, where the weights of the plates and the service loads, as well as wind force or of wind suction, are supported by structures of relatively complex support and adjustment and therefore heavy

Figures 3a and 3b of patent DE 298 14 948 U1 show a perpendicular section and a horizontal section to through a standard part of the facade according to the state of the technique, in which the façade plate is suspended from a Subconstruction attached to the thick structure through a hook in a cross bolt. The weight of the plates and the loads of Additional regimens are normally distributed over suspensions of bolts arranged one after the other with maximum vertical distances of 1 m. This has been done according to the idea, valid so far, of manufacture especially in a rational and therefore economic way. He relatively high effort of each of the suspension points resulting from this system, requires framework type constructions, strong and therefore heavy façade elements and subconstructions against the facades of dimensioned buildings correspondingly. In this case, the stiffness design of the entire construction is based, according to foundation, on which the plate rests on the most unfavorable cases only on two points. In this way has produced these types of really reliable suspensions but heavy, which require a lot of material and hours of job.

In addition, the great distance of the points of suspension and weight distributed over these few points, leads, in assembly and service-dependent deformation, to large dents and twists of the plates and tensions of bending, which favors the appearance of cracks in materials fragile such as stone, glass, ceramics or concrete.

The bulky use of material and structure Heavy conventional clamping systems are necessary to achieve sufficient rigidity of the fixing frame with the wall elements assembled and mounted on the substructure fixed on the facade of the building.

Through the German utility model 298 14 948.6, an improved fixation system is known with respect to it, in which the stops against the hooks are formed by a perpendicular sequence of recesses preferably in the form of grooves, where the hooks are shaped in cantilever and where in each row, at least three hooks with the corresponding stops, absorb the regime forces from the device suspension with wall elements mounted on top. This must enable easy suspension of facade plates and others mural elements, which in case of low weight, as well as in case of considerable material and labor savings in the manufacture of clamping system, present a service load absorption distributed over many more points and by doing so, guarantee in overall, greater stability and insensitivity against rocking, originated for example by wind forces.

However, in this known system, it is unfavorable that the suspension device has to be fixed always before the back side of the wall elements, before the mural elements plus the device suspension, must be suspended from the fixing device. By Therefore, the mural elements as such can be disassembled only with difficulty and are not individually interchangeable without more.

Against this, the invention is based on the task of presenting a fastening system of the type described initially, which is built as far as possible by economical, easily constructed and lightweight pieces, in which the wall elements can be easily mounted and disassembled. , especially when they are damaged and that they can also be replaced by other wall elements, considering also that the suspension device does not always have to be fixed beforehand on the rear side of the wall elements opposite the facade and the fixing elements are storable in the fixing device, prior to mounting the wall elements and that are secured against falls, the clamping surfaces also having a defined distance between them for adjacent wall elements between
yes.

This task is solved according to the invention, of a both surprising and effective way, realizing the surfaces of fastening of the fixing device in the form of profile rails, which can accommodate on the opposite side of the building, the fasteners longitudinally to the rails, whereas the rails are structured in such a way that prevent the fasteners, once introduced into the rails, can leave horizontally of these and that two rails laid respectively in parallel, they are linked together, by a piece in T.

Due to the use according to this invention, of rails on which small fasteners slide, it considerably reduces the weight of the elements employees, with respect to the restraint systems previously described, which leads to a further reduction in the weight of The whole clamping system. You can enter the elements of fixing on the rails and storing them there, until mounting the wall elements, before or after clamping the device fixing on the facade of the building, in any case, before assembly of the mural elements. This considerably facilitates the assembly of the wall elements and gives great flexibility to disassembly tasks and allows the exchange of the elements individual murals

The structuring of the clamping surface for rail fasteners it is already known by EP 0 479 733 A1. But in this case it corresponds to a which allows easy assembly and disassembly of the elements individual murals, especially when damaged and also can replace with other mural elements, also considering that the device must not always be fixed beforehand suspension on the back side of the wall elements opposite to the facade and the fasteners being storable in the fixing device, prior assembly of the wall elements and that are insured against falls and also presenting clamping surfaces a defined distance between each other for mural elements adjacent to each other.

This task is solved according to the invention, of a both surprising and effective way, realizing the surfaces of fastening of the fixing device in the form of profile rails, which can accommodate on the opposite side of the building, the fasteners longitudinally to the rails, whereas the rails are structured in such a way that prevent the fasteners, once introduced into the rails, can leave horizontally of these and that two rails laid respectively in parallel, they are linked together, by a piece in T.

Due to the application according to this invention, of rails on which small fasteners slide, the own weight of the elements is reduced again employees, with respect to the restraint systems previously described, which leads to a further reduction in the weight of The whole clamping system. You can enter the elements of fixing on the rails and storing them there, until mounting the wall elements, before or after clamping the device fixing on the facade of the building, in any case, before assembly of the mural elements. This considerably facilitates the assembly of the wall elements and gives great flexibility to disassembly tasks and allows the exchange of the elements individual murals

The structuring of the clamping surface for rail fasteners it is already known by EP 0 479 733 A1. But in this case it corresponds to a fastening system manufacturing model especially favored according to the invention, which has the fixing elements on the rails, so that they can be fixed.

In the case of a favorable improvement of this structuring model, the rails present respectively a rolling surface along which it can slide a rolling segment of the fasteners. The rolling surfaces and opposing rolling surfaces of the rolling sections directed against the surfaces of rolling should be configured so that they can be move with each other with minimal friction, which facilitates considerably the assembly process. For example, you can configure the respective surfaces, such as metal surfaces smooth, eventually covered with sliding layers.

A specially favored improvement is characterized in that the rolling surfaces have perforations, especially round holes, at defined points equidistant, preferably arranged longitudinally to the rails, also because in the rolling sections of the fasteners are provided continuous recesses, especially colossi and because the fixing elements can be fix to the rails by bolts that are introduced through the recesses and perforations. This way they can be done technically easily defined distances and a fixation without screwing. In addition, in this variant of the invention they are mounted and the fasteners are easily released. Through the mural elements mounted below outside the facade, the bolts introduced are secured against loosening and subsequent departures from their accommodations.

In an alternative improvement is provided that the rolling sections of the fasteners present continuous thread drills and that the elements of fixing are fixed to the rails by fixing screws or threaded bolts screwed through the threaded holes. With this variant, holes in the rails should not be provided, so that the tread surfaces run from beginning to End without any interference. The respective position of the fixing elements and their fixing position on the rails are You can define at will along the axis of the rails. The fasteners are pressed in this case against the surface of rolling of the corresponding rail and in the position preselected, through the fixing screws or the threaded bolts introduced through threaded holes.

Especially economic is the model of construction of the clamping system, using profile rails extrudates, preferably of aluminum profiles. This type of Extruded profiles can be purchased in various configurations, also for special applications, but especially as standardized merchandise and at very competitive prices.

Especially advantageous is the improvement of this manufacturing model in which the rails are attached rigidly to the facade of the building through supports, especially by means of angular or T-consoles, preferably made of aluminum. This joining technique is in yes perfectly known in another context, in applications of height constructions.

Another manufacturing model of the system particularly favored fastener according to the invention, it is characterized because among the wall elements mounted next to each other horizontally, they are basically arranged spacers elastic in vertical direction and that on the side of the building are inserted or pressed into appropriate mounting channels of the fixing device In this way you can keep the wall elements horizontally in the defined position and compensate without further possible manufacturing tolerances in the clamping system

In perfected models, the spacers elastics can be made of an elastic plastic material economically- and effectively.

Alternatively, elastic spacers they can be made of metal in case of mechanical demands high.

In case of an improvement especially favored, elastic spacers are constructed so that when mounted exert pressure on the elements murals, thus preventing perpendicular movements regarding the plan of the building's facade and the production of clattering noises of the mural elements.

In another model manufacturing system particularly favored fastener, according to this invention, the fixing device is covered on its back face oriented against the facade, by a thermal separation plate, especially with insulating material. Thermal separation plate it can be fixed to the metal structure, for example by tacos. It is also possible to fix the insulating plate through the fixings of the fastening device on the facade.

In case of other manufacturing models favorable fastening system according to this invention, it can be considerably improve the torsional and flexural capacity of all the clamping system, because the vertical travel rails they are reinforced by traverses formed mainly in shape of peripheral frames.

Other advantages of the invention are extracted from the Description and plan. Also, the characteristics according to the invention, both precedents and those that will be exposed subsequently, you can find individual application or in set and in various combinations. Manufacturing models shown and described should not be understood as a count closed, but rather have exemplary character for the presentation of the invention

The invention has been represented in the plan and is will explain in more detail based on an example.

It is shown in:

Figure 1a, a manufacturing model in the space, partially sectioned, of the clamping system, according to the invention;

Figure 2, a schematic vertical section through a manufacturing model of the clamping system according to the invention and with mounted wall element;

Figure 3a, a schematic vertical section a through a clamping system according to the state of the art;

Figure 3b, a schematic horizontal section, by means of the fastening system in the area of a bolt suspension, according to the state of the art set forth in the figure 3rd;

Figure 4, a top view in the direction horizontal on a double rail of the clamping system according to the invention;

Figure 5a, a schematic side view from the horizontal plane, on a mobile fixing element of the clamping system according to the invention;

figure 5b, like figure 5a, but a view frontal from the horizontal plane;

figure 5c, like figure 5aa, but a view from above from the vertical plane

Figure 6a, a schematic side view from the horizontal plane, on a fixing element that is placed as a closure piece at the top and bottom of the rail.

Figure 6b, like Figure 6a, but a view frontal from the horizontal plane;

Figure 6c, like Figure 6a, but a view from above the vertical plane, and

Figure 7, a schematic top view from the vertical plane, on a system manufacturing model clamping with flexible spacer between two wall elements placed horizontally next to each other.

Through representation in space shown in figure 1, is recognized in the upper right a facade of building 2, to which it is annexed in the foreground and on the left side, an insulation plate 3, which is filled of an insulating material and on its side opposite the facade of the building 2, borders a hollow space 4, intended for facade ventilation. Crossing the hollow space 4 and the plate of insulation 3, a fixation 5 has been drawn, through which the rails 7 of a fixing device are rigidly connected 6 with the facade of building 2.

The fixing device 6 shown in The manufacturing example is composed of two parallel rails of profile 7 converted into a single piece by a piece of T-junction, said rails are preferably manufactured in metal, specifically aluminum and on its side opposite the facade they can accommodate fasteners 8 which in turn and on their side opposite the facade support wall elements 1, for example bearing pallets, tiles, tiles, facade plates and Similar.

The fasteners 8, have sections of rolling 12, which can slide longitudinally on a rolling surface 11 inside a rail 7. The elements of fixing 8, shown in the manufacturing example are fixed in a certain longitudinal position of rail 7, by bolts 13, which cross both recesses 12a in sections 12, as the perforations 11a, represented in figure 4. The manufacturing models of fasteners 8, which have not been represented in the plane, can also be set against the rolling surfaces 11 of the rails 7, through the respective rolling section 12, by means of threaded bolts or fixing screws through a threaded hole, instead of the plug-in bolts 13 that pass through the recesses 12a and the perforations 11a.

The fixing system according to the invention can be reinforced in manufacturing models not represented in the plane, through traverses that run horizontally between the T-pieces of vertical profile rails 7 of the fixing device 6, so that as a whole a peripheral frame.

In figure 2 they are represented by a vertical section, details of a system manufacturing model clamping according to the invention. It is recognized from the horizontal plane side, a fixing element 8 fixed on the rail 7, through its opposite side to the facade of the building, through its section of rolling 12, which is against the rolling surface 11 of the rail 7. The fixing element 8 has on its side opposite the facade of the building, two fixing sections 9, 9 ', which hooked to sections 10, 10 'of two wall elements 1, respectively formed, thus avoiding a fall from the suspension device It is also recognized that the element of fixation 8, represented in figure 2, absorbs the weight of the upper wall element 1, which sits with its section 10 on the centerpiece of the fixing element 8. A section of 10 '' facing opposite the building facade of this element of upper fixing 1, covers the fixing element behind, in case of a view from above on the facade.

In figure 3a a system of clamping 30 according to the state of the art, by means of a section vertical as already mentioned and described above. In the building 2 facade is rigidly fixed the device of fixing 36, hooked by a clamping element 35, to through an insulating plate 3 placed and a hollow space rear ventilation. In the upper area, the device fixing carries a bolt 39 that runs horizontally and parallel to the facade of building 2, which supports all the weight of a suspension device 37 that is suspended from a bolt 39 through a hook 38.

In the lower area a second is planned bolt 39 'which through another hook 38' encompasses the device suspension 37. However, hook 38 'does not fully seat on bolt 39 ', but only serves to absorb the horizontal forces acting on the suspension device. This has been done knowingly in this way, according to the state of the technique, since we wanted to avoid as much as possible, a system overdetermination and wanted to have the suspension at the upper suspension point which is bolt 39. Therefore, the hook 38 'does not act vertically, as a stop with respect to bolt 39 '. If in practice it had reached perform a vertical support of the suspension device on more of a single hook in a vertical line, through unwanted application procedures, this would be in any case involuntary, rather contradicting planning, being contradictory and also wrong.

Finally figure 3b ours the device known suspension according to figure 3a, in a horizontal section  schematic, in which the bolt 39 and the fastener 35.

As shown in figure 1, the rails 7 of the fastening system according to the invention can be joined in a single piece, through a T-piece piece of the device fixing 6. The fixing device 6 is preferably composed in total, by an extruded aluminum profile, as represented in the front view of figure 4, from a horizontal plane. Here is recognize the rolling surfaces 11 of the rails 7, above mentioned, on which they slide in assembled state, the fasteners 8. For fastening fasteners 8 in this manufacturing example, perforations 11a are planned in the form of collisions in distances to be determined, through the rolling surfaces 11.

The extruded aluminum profiles with which they have built the fixing devices 6, they are structured so that the rails 7, like closed guide rails, embrace on both sides, the fasteners 8 employees, in order to prevent these from leaving the rails 7, where it is however possible, a vertical shift, especially a stack of the fasteners 8 inside the rails 7, by way of storage.

Thus, before mounting the plates of the facade, the vertical guide rails 7 of the extruded aluminum profiles, with fasteners 8 existing, which usually are also aluminum, as in the case of a warehouse and in the assembly, can be fixed by bolts 13, shown in figure 1, the wall elements 1 suspended in pairs and after implanting the respective element mural 1.

In case it is necessary to replace a individual wall element 1, for example to be repaired, by optical or functional reasons, only the mural elements that are on top of it, without having to loosen any screws. This greatly facilitates manipulation. of the fastening system according to the invention. Apart from for the fastening of the fixings 5, as well as for fastening the fixing devices 6 to fixing 5, they do not have to use neither plugs nor screws, for the entire assembly process later in this manufacturing model. In this way, it is guaranteed an assembly of the wall elements 1, free of interference, flat and smooth, which is very important in case of elements of clay brick also reduces assembly costs by minimum.

In figures 5a to 5c it is represented in detail and seen from all perspectives, a model of manufacture of fasteners 8 employees according to invention. Fixing sections 9, 9 'are recognized, as well as the rolling surfaces 12 and the continuous 12th recess, executed there in the form of a coliso. As already mentioned above, instead of a collision on the rolling surface, it can be foreseen also a threaded drill, through which you can thread a thread bolt or set screw, to fix a rail 7 against the rolling surface 11 located behind. Here it is due take into account that in the corresponding plane they have not represented these manufacturing models.

Figures 6a through 6c show an element of fixing used according to the invention, in a manufacturing model special, as a closure piece 18 in the upper end part or bottom of a rail 7. The closure piece 18 has only a fixing section 19 ', as well as a rolling section 22 shortened

In Figure 7 finally, it is represented in a top view from the vertical plane, a manufacturing model  mounted, of the fastening system according to the invention. In this model an elastic spacer 14 is provided to avoid the noise of clamping in case of wind loading of a facade between elements 1 murals adjoining horizontally. This spacer can be made of flexible plastic or metal. The spacer elastic (14) has been inserted or pressed with a section of fixing on the side of the building, within mounting channels suitable (15) located between two rails that run parallel. Because the spacer 14, being mounted, exerts pressure on the adjacent wall elements 1, can also prevent movements perpendicular to the plane of the facade of the building.

Claims (13)

1. Clamping system for wall elements (1) against the facades of buildings (2), consisting of a fixing device (6) fixed against the building and by a suspension device attached to the fixing device (6) on which, on the opposite side of the building, one or several mural elements (1), considering that the system of hook is part of the fixing device (6) and the suspension device has at least two rows arranged to distance from each other horizontally, counting as minimum with two fixing elements (8; 18) arranged vertically one below the other, existing in each row at least a fixing element (8; 18) with the fixing device (6) as a stop, absorbing vertical service forces from of the suspension device with the wall elements (1) fixed in this, presenting the fixing device (6) at least two clamping surfaces that extend vertically arranged longitudinally to horizontal spaced rows, forming the suspension device a minimum of four fasteners (8; 18) arranged before mounting the mural elements (1) independently of each other in longitudinal direction to the clamping surface and where fixing elements (8; 18) have fixing sections (9, 9 '; 19 ') that hook the sections (10, 10') behind corresponding, to the mural elements (1), preventing a fall of the wall elements (1) after mounting on the device suspension, characterized because, the clamping surfaces of the device fixing (6) are made in the form of profile rails (7) and which, on the opposite side of the building, can mobilely accommodate the fasteners (8; 18) longitudinally with respect to to the rails (7), considering that the rails (7) are shaped in such a way, that they prevent the fixing elements (8; 18) from being exit the rails horizontally (7), once they have been introduced in the rails and because two rails (7) that run in parallel respectively are assembled one with another, forming a single piece using a T-piece. 2. Clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing elements (8; 18) are fixedly arranged on the rails (7). 3. Clamping system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rails (7) respectively have a rolling surface (11) on which a rolling section of the fixing element (8; 18) can slide. 4. Clamping system according to claim 3, characterized in that the rolling surfaces (11) have perforations (11a), especially round holes, in defined points arranged equidistant, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the rails (7), also because in the Rolling sections (12, 22) of the fixing elements (8; 18) are provided (continuous recesses (12a), especially collisions and because the fixing elements (8; 18) can be fixed to the rails by bolts (13 ) that are introduced through the recesses (12a) and the perforations (11a). 5. Clamping system according to claim 3, characterized in that the rolling sections (12; 22) of the fixing elements (8; 18) have continuous threaded holes and that the fixing elements (8; 18) can be screwed to the rails (7) by means of fixing screws or threaded bolts through the threaded holes. 6. Clamping system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rails (7) are manufactured with extruded profiles, preferably aluminum profiles. 7. Clamping system according to claim 6, characterized in that the rails (7) are rigidly connected to the building's facade (2) through supports (5), especially by means of angle or T-consoles, preferably made of aluminum . 8. Clamping system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, between the wall elements (1) mounted side by side horizontally, basically elastic spacers (14) are arranged vertically and which are inserted on the side of the building or pressed into suitable mounting channels (15) of the fixing device (6). 9. Clamping system according to claim 8, characterized in that the elastic spacers (14) are made of an elastic plastic material. 10. Clamping system according to claim 8, characterized in that the elastic spacers (14) are made of metal. 11. Clamping system according to one of claims 8, characterized in that elastic spacers (14) are constructed so that when they are mounted they exert pressure on the wall elements (1), thus preventing perpendicular movements with respect to the plane of the facade of the building (2) and the production of clattering noise of the mural elements (1). 12. Clamping system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing device (6) is covered on its rear face oriented against the facade, by a separation plate, especially with insulating material. 13. Clamping system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vertical path rails (7) are reinforced by transverse formed mainly in the form of peripheral frames.