EP1182306B9 - Connection system for wall elements on building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The fixture system is for wall components (1) to building walls (2) and has a holding device (6) fixed to the building, with which a suspension device is engaged. One or more wall components (1) are held on the side of the suspension device turned away from the building. The engagement system formed by the holding device and the suspension device has at least two rows spaced apart in a horizontal direction, with at least two holding components (8) vertically one beneath the other, in each row, at least one holding component with the holding device (6) as counter bearing accommodates the vertical operating forces coming from the suspension device on which the wall components are held.

Description

The invention relates to a fastening system for wall elements on building walls with a holding device attached to the building and one with the holding device engaged suspension device, on the building away side one or more wall elements are supported, wherein the locking device formed by the holding device and the hanging at least two in horizontal Direction spaced apart rows having at least two vertically mutually arranged holding elements, and wherein in each row at least one holding element with the holding device as an abutment receives from the suspension device with content Erten wall elements therefrom vertical operating forces. wherein the holding device comprises at least two vertically extending attachment surfaces arranged along the horizontally spaced rows, the suspension device being formed by at least four holding elements arranged independently of each other in the longitudinal direction of the attachment surfaces prior to assembly of the wall elements, and wherein the holding elements comprise holding sections behind correspondingly shaped portions of the wall elements and secure against falling out of the wall elements after their installation in the suspension device.

Such a fastening system is known from DE 39 34 686 C2.

Mounting systems are also by the company Wendker light metal and lightweight GmbH in D-45701 Herten, Schlägel- u. Iron Road 50 has been offered for several years.

Numerous attachment and suspension systems are known in practice. The plate weights and operating loads, for example, from wind pressure or wind suction, are collected with relatively complex and thus also heavy holding and Einstellkonstruktionen.

Figures 3a and 3b from DE 298 14 948 U1 show a vertical section or a horizontal section through a facade standard part according to the prior art, in which the facade panel is hooked via a hook in a cross bolt of a shell-mounted substructure. The weight of the panel and the additional operating loads are normally distributed on adjoining bolt mounts with vertical distances of a maximum of 1m. This was done from the previously valid idea, particularly rational and thus inexpensive to manufacture. The resulting relatively high stress on the individual suspension points requires very strong and thus heavy frame structures of the wall elements and also appropriately designed substructures on the building wall. The strength design of the entire construction is based on the principle that the plate in the worst case rests only in two places. Thus, this type of quite reliable, but heavy suspensions, which cause high material and labor costs.

Moreover, the large distance between the suspension points and the weight distributed over these few points in the event of assembly and operational deformation leads to larger plate bulges, twists and bending stresses. which promotes the formation of cracks in brittle materials such as stone, glass, ceramics and concrete.

However, the large use of materials and the heavy construction of the conventional fastening systems is required for sufficient stiffening of the holding frame with the mounted wall elements in the mounted state on the attached to the building wall substructure.

An improved contrast fastening system is known from German Utility Model 298 14 948.6, in which the abutment to the hooks are formed by a vertical sequence of preferably slot-shaped recesses, the hooks projecting, and in each row at least three hooks with the corresponding abutments the record from the suspension device with mounted wall elements resulting vertical operating forces. This is to allow a simple suspension of facade panels and other wall elements, which has a lower weight and considerable material and labor savings in the manufacture of the fastening system distributed to much more points vertical operating load absorption and thereby higher overall stability and resistance to vibration, e.g. guaranteed by wind forces.

A disadvantage of this known system, however, is that the suspension device must always be mounted in advance firmly fixed to the back of the wall elements, before then the wall elements including suspension device can be hung in the fixture. The wall elements as such are therefore difficult to disassemble and not readily exchanged individually.

The invention is based on the object to present a fastening system of the type described above, which is constructed from as simple and inexpensive to produce parts of low weight, in which the individual wall elements are easy to assemble and disassemble, especially in case of damage against individual other wall elements are interchangeable, in particular the suspension device does not have to be fixed in advance fixed to the building side back of the wall elements and wherein the holding elements magazinazin before mounting the wall elements in the holding device and should be secured against falling out, and wherein the mounting surfaces for adjoining wall elements should have a defined distance from each other.

According to the invention this object is achieved in a surprisingly simple and effective manner in that the mounting surfaces of the holding device are designed as profile rails, which can receive slidably on their building-side facing the holding elements in the longitudinal direction of the rails, wherein the rails are formed, that they prevent the holding elements after insertion of the same in the rails on a horizontal falling out of the rails, and that in each case two parallel rails are integrally connected to each other via a tee.

By the use according to the invention of rails and small retaining elements displaceable in these rails, the dead weight of the parts used is reduced even further compared to the known fastening systems described above, which leads to a further weight saving of the entire fastening system. The holding elements can - before or after attachment of the holding device to the building wall, in any case before the installation of the wall elements - are introduced into the rails and stored there until the installation of the wall elements. This facilitates the assembly process of the wall elements considerably and gives a great deal of free space for the disassembly and interchangeability of individual wall elements.

The design of the fastening surface for the retaining elements as rails is known per se from EP 0 479 733 A1. However, here corresponds to the geometric structure of the fastening system not the features described above. In addition, a common rail is always provided with common holding elements for two adjacent wall elements.

In order to achieve a defined load distribution in the assembled state as well as defined, precisely defined distances for easier mounting of the wall elements with a previously determinable relative position of the holding sections on the corresponding sections of the wall elements, are at a Particularly preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention, the holding elements arranged in the rails fixable.

In an advantageous development of this embodiment, the rails each have a running surface on which a running portion of the holding elements can slide along. The running surfaces and the mating surfaces of the running sections directed against the running surfaces should be designed so that they can be moved relative to each other with as little friction as possible, which considerably simplifies the assembly process. For example, the respective surfaces may be designed as smooth metal surfaces, possibly even with sliding coatings.

A particularly preferred development is characterized in that the running surfaces at defined, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the rails equidistantly arranged locations breakthroughs, in particular circular holes, that in the running sections of the holding elements through recesses, in particular slots are provided, and that the holding elements on the rails can be fastened by means of inserted through the recesses and the openings bolt. In this way, defined distances and a simple fixation without screwing can be realized particularly easily technically. In addition, in this variant of the invention, the holding elements are easy to assemble and again detachable. By subsequently building exterior mounted wall elements, the plugged bolts are automatically secured against loosening and slipping out.

In an alternative development, it is provided that the running sections of the holding elements have continuous threaded bores, and that the holding elements can be fastened to the rails by means of clamping screws or threaded bolts screwed in through the threaded bores. With this variant, no breakthroughs on the rails must be provided so that the treads run smoothly and smoothly without interruption. The respective position of the holding elements in their fixed position in The rails can be adjusted as required along the rail axis. The holding elements are clamped in the preselected position by means of the threaded hole turned clamping screws or threaded bolt against the tread of the corresponding rail.

Particularly advantageous is an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention, in which the rails are constructed of extruded molded profiles, preferably made of aluminum molded profiles. Such extruded molded profiles are available in almost any configuration for special applications, but in particular as a standardized mass-produced very cost.

Particularly advantageous is a development of this embodiment, in which the rails are rigidly connected via brackets, in particular preferably made of aluminum angle or T-brackets with the building wall. This connection technique is well known in other contexts in building construction applications.

Another, particularly preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention is characterized in that between horizontally juxtaposed wall elements substantially vertically extending, resilient spacers are arranged, which are inserted or pressed on the building side in matching mounts of the holding device. Thus, the wall elements can be kept horizontally in a defined position and any manufacturing tolerances in the fastening system can be compensated easily.

The resilient spacers can be made inexpensive and low weight in further developments of an elastic plastic.

Alternatively, especially with higher mechanical requirements, the resilient spacers can also be made of metal.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the resilient spacers are constructed so that they exert pressure in the mounted state on the wall elements and thereby can also prevent movements perpendicular to the plane of the building wall and thus the emergence of rattling noises of the mounted wall elements.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention, the holding device is deposited with a thermal separating layer, in particular with insulating material to the building wall out. The thermal barrier layer may be attached to the shell, for example by means of dowels. It is also possible attachment of the insulating layer on the brackets of the fixture on the building wall.

In further advantageous embodiments of the fastening system according to the invention, the torsional and bending stiffness of the entire fastening system can be significantly improved by the fact that the vertically extending rails stiffened by cross struts, in particular as a wrap-around frame are formed.

Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the drawings. Likewise, the features mentioned above and those listed further in accordance with the invention can each be used individually for themselves or for several in any desired combinations. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration, but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.

Fig. 1

eine räumliche, teilweise aufgeschnittene Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems in einer Ansicht von schräg oben;

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems mit montiertem Wandelement;

Fig.3a

einen schematischen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Befestigungssystem nach dem Stand der Technik;

Fig.3b

einen schematischen Horizontalschnitt durch das Befestigungssystem nach dem Stand der Technik gemäß Fig. 3a im Bereich eines Einhängebolzens;

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht in horizontaler Richtung auf eine Doppelschiene des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems;

Fig.5a

eine schematische Seitenansicht aus der Horizontalen auf ein verschiebbares Halteelement des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems;

Fig.5b

wie Fig.5a, aber Frontansicht aus der Horizontalen;

Fig.5c

wie Fig.5a, aber Draufsicht aus der Vertikalen;

Fig.6a

eine schematische Seitenansicht aus der Horizontalen auf ein als Abschlussteil am oberen oder unteren Ende der Schiene einsetzbares Halteelement;

Fig.6b

wie Fig.6a, aber Frontalansicht aus der Horizontalen;

Fig.6c

wie Fig.6a, aber Draufsicht aus der Vertikalen; und

Fig. 7

eine schematische Draufsicht aus der Vertikalen auf eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungssystems mit federndem Abstandshalter zwischen zwei horizontal aneinandergrenzenden Wandelementen.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a spatial, partially cutaway embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention in a view obliquely from above;

Fig. 2

a schematic vertical section through an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with mounted wall element;

3a

a schematic vertical section through a fastening system according to the prior art;

3b

a schematic horizontal section through the fastening system according to the prior art of Figure 3a in the region of a Einhängebolzens.

Fig. 4

a plan view in the horizontal direction on a double rail of the fastening system according to the invention;

5a

a schematic side view of the horizontal to a sliding support member of the fastening system according to the invention;

5 b

like Fig.5a, but front view from the horizontal;

5c

as in Figure 5a, but top view from the vertical;

6a

a schematic side view of the horizontal on a usable as a final part at the top or bottom of the rail holding member;

Figure 6b

as in Fig.6a, but frontal view from the horizontal;

6C

as in Fig.6a, but top view from the vertical; and

Fig. 7

a schematic plan view from the vertical to an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with resilient spacer between two horizontally adjoining wall elements.

On the spatial representation shown in Fig. 1, a building wall 2 can be seen at the top and right, followed by an insulating layer 3 in the foreground and left, which is filled with insulating material and on its side facing away from the wall 2 to a cavity. 4 adjacent to the rear ventilation of the building facade. Crossing through the cavity 4 and the insulating layer 3, a holder 5 is shown, via which the rails 7 of a holding device 6 are rigidly connected to the building wall 2.

The holding device 6 consists in the embodiment shown of two integrally connected via a T-piece interconnected, parallel rails 7 made of metal, preferably aluminum, which can receive on their building side facing holding elements 8, which in turn on its building side facing wall elements 1, for example, support plates, tiles , Tiles, facade panels and the like.

The holding elements 8 have running sections 12 which can slide along a running surface 11 within a rail 7 in the longitudinal direction thereof. By means of bolts 13, which can be inserted through recesses 12a in the barrel sections 12 and through apertures 11a shown in FIG. 4, the retaining elements 8 are fixed at a specific longitudinal position of the rail 7 in the embodiment shown. Instead of through recesses 12a and apertures 11a plug-in pin 13 can in not shown in the drawings embodiments, the retaining elements 8 by means of threaded bolts or clamping screws via a threaded hole in respective running section 12 are braced against the running surfaces 11 of the rails 7.

The fastening system according to the invention can be stiffened in horizontally between the vertical rails 7 of the holding device 6 connecting T-pieces extending transverse struts in embodiments not shown in the drawing, so that a total of an all-round frame is formed.

In Fig. 2 details of an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention are shown in a vertical section. It can be seen horizontally from the side of a fixed in the rail 7 fastener 8, which rests on its side facing the building with its running section 12 against the tread 11 of the rail 7. On the side facing away from the building, the holding element 8 has two holding sections 9, 9 'which engage behind correspondingly shaped sections 10, 10' of two wall elements 1 and thus secure against falling out of the hanging device. It can also be seen that the holding element 8 shown in FIG. 2 receives the weight of the upper wall element 1, which rests with its portion 10 on the central part of the holding element 8. A building-facing facing section 10 "of this upper wall element 1 conceals the underlying retaining element 8 when viewed from above on the mounted facade.

FIG. 3 a shows in a vertical section a fastening system 30 according to the prior art, as was cited and described at the outset. On the building wall 2, the holding device 36 is rigidly fixed by an applied insulating layer 3 and a Hinterlüfungshohlraum 4 through a fastener 35. In its upper part it carries a horizontally extending and parallel to the building wall 2 extending bolt 39, on which the entire weight of a suspension device 37 rests, which is suspended via a hook 38 on the pin 39.

In the lower region, a further bolt 39 'is provided, which is encompassed by a further hook 38' of the suspension device 37. However, the hook 38 'is not fed on the bolt 39', but merely serves to receive horizontally acting for hanging device 7 forces. This is deliberately carried out in the prior art, since you wanted to avoid overdetermination of the system if possible and the suspension defined at the top suspension point, so the bolt 39 would have stored. In this respect, the hook 38 'in the vertical direction does not act as an abutment to the bolt 39'. If, in practice, hitherto undesirable setting operations should have led to a vertical support of the suspension device on more than a single hook in a vertical row, this would certainly not have been the case, but on the contrary had run counter to the planning and was therefore erroneous.

Finally, FIG. 3b once again shows the known suspension device 30 according to FIG. 3a in a schematic horizontal section, in which the bolt 39 and the fastening element 35 are clearly visible.

As already shown in Fig. 1, the rails 7 of the fastening system according to the invention can be integrally connected to one another via a T-piece of the holding device 6. Preferably, the holding device 6 as a whole consists of an extruded aluminum mold profile, as shown in Fig. 4 in a frontal view from the horizontal direction. It can be seen here the above-mentioned running surfaces 11 of the rails 7, on which slide in the assembled state, the holding elements 8. For attachment of the holding elements 8 openings 11a are provided in the form of round holes through the treads 11 in this embodiment at definable intervals.

The extruded aluminum molded profiles, from which the holding devices 6 are constructed, are designed such that the rails 7 comprise the holding elements 8 inserted in the manner of closed guide rails on both sides and prevent them from falling out of the rails 7, However, allow a vertical displacement, in particular a vertical stacking of the holding elements 8 within the rails 7 in the manner of a magazine. As a result, prior to assembly of the facade panels, the vertical guide rails 7 of the extruded aluminum moldings filled with the usually also made of aluminum holding elements 8 as a magazine and raised in the assembly of the wall elements 1 in pairs and after insertion of the respective wall element 1 with the help the bolt 13 shown in Fig. 1 are fixed.

In a possibly necessary replacement of individual wall elements 1, for example, for repair purposes, for optical or functional reasons, only the wall elements located above it must be raised without a screw connection would have to be solved. This greatly simplifies the handling of the fastening system according to the invention. Except in the attachment of the brackets 5 to the shell and the fixtures 6 to the brackets 5, neither dowels nor screws must be used in this embodiment for the entire further assembly. This guarantees a constraint-free and thus flat assembly of the wall elements 1, which is particularly important in clay tiles, and reduces installation costs to a minimum.

FIGS. 5a to 5c show an embodiment of the retaining elements 8 used according to the invention in detail from all sides. It can be seen the holding portions 9, 9 'and the running surfaces 12 and the therein-mounted through recess 12a in the form of a slot. As mentioned above, instead of a slot, for example, a threaded hole in the tread 12 may be provided through which a threaded bolt or a clamping screw for clamping against the underlying tread 11 of a rail 7 can be rotated in embodiments not shown in the drawing.

FIGS. 6a to 6c show a special embodiment of the holding elements used according to the invention as a closing part 18 at the upper or lower end of a rail 7. The closing part 18 has only one holding section 19 'and a shortened running section 22.

In Fig. 7, finally, an embodiment is shown in a plan view from the vertical in the mounted state of the fastening system according to the invention, in which a resilient spacer 14 is provided to avoid rattling noise in wind load of a facade between two horizontally adjacent wall elements 1, for example, an elastic Plastic or metal can be made. The resilient spacer 14 is inserted with a holding section on the building side in a matching mounting channel 15 between two parallel rails 7 or pressed. The fact that the spacer 14 in the mounted state exerts pressure on the two adjacent wall elements 1, it can also prevent movements perpendicular to the plane of the building wall.

Claims (13)

1. Mounting system for wall elements (1) on building walls (2), comprising a holding device (6) mounted to the building, and a suspension device which engages with the holding device (6), wherein one or more wall elements (1) are retained on the side of the suspension device facing away from the building, wherein the engagement system formed by the holding device (6) and the suspension device comprises at least two rows, which are separated from each other in a horizontal direction, with at least two holding elements (8; 18) which are disposed below each other in a vertical direction, wherein in each row, at least one holding element (8; 18), with the holding device (6) as counter bearing, adopt the vertical operating forces produced by the suspension device with retained wall elements (1), wherein the holding device (6) comprises at least two vertically extending mounting surfaces which are disposed along the horizontally spaced rows, wherein the suspension device is formed by at least four holding elements (8; 18) which are disposed independently of each other in the longitudinal direction of the mounting surfaces prior to mounting of the wall elements (1), and wherein the holding elements (8; 18) comprise holding sections (9, 9'; 19') which engage behind correspondingly shaped sections (10, 10') of the wall elements (1) and secure the wall elements (1) from falling out after being mounted in the suspension device, characterized in that the mounting surfaces of the holding device (6) are designed as profile rails (7) which can receive the holding elements (8; 18) on their side facing away from the building such that they can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the rail (7), wherein the rails (7) are designed such that they prevent the holding elements (8; 18), after being inserted into the rails (7), from falling out of the rails (7) in a horizontal direction, and at least two parallel extending rails (7) are connected via a T-piece to form one piece.
2. Mounting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding elements (8; 18) are mounted in the rails (7) such that they can be fixed.
3. Mounting system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rails (7) each comprise a running surface (11) along which a running section (12; 22) of the holding elements (8; 18) can slide.
4. Mounting system according to claim 3, characterized in that the running surfaces (11) comprise openings (11a), in particular round holes, at defined locations, preferably disposed at equal distances in the longitudinal direction of the rails (7), the running sections (12; 22) of the holding elements (8; 18) have continuous recesses (12a), in particular elongate holes, and the holding elements (8; 18) can be mounted to the rails (7) using bolts (13) which are inserted through the recesses (12a) and the openings (11a).
5. Mounting system according to claim 3, characterized in that the running sections (12; 22) of the holding elements (8; 18) have continuous threaded bores, and the holding elements (8; 18) can be mounted to the rails (7) using clamping screws or threaded bolts which are screwed through the threaded bores.
6. Mounting system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rails (7) are formed from extruded shape profiles, preferably from aluminium shape profiles.
7. Mounting system according to claim 6, characterized in that the rails (7) are rigidly connected to the housing wall (2) via holders (5), in particular, via angle brackets or T-shaped brackets which are preferably made from aluminium.
8. Mounting system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that resilient spacers (14), which extend substantially in a vertical direction, are disposed between wall elements (1), which are mounted next to each other in a horizontal direction, and are inserted or pressed into matching mounting grooves (15) of the holding device (6) on the building side.
9. Mounting system according to claim 8, characterized in that the resilient spacers (14) are produced from an elastic plastic material.
10. Mounting system according to claim 8, characterized in that the resilient spacers (14) are produced from metal.
11. Mounting system according to any one of the claims 8 through 10, characterized in that the resilient spacers (14) are designed such that, in the mounted state, they exert pressure on the wall elements (1), thereby preventing any motion perpendicular to the plane of the housing wall (2) and thereby also the generation of rattling noise of the mounted wall elements (1).
12. Mounting system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding device (6) is backed with a thermal separating layer, in particular an insulating material (3), towards the housing wall (2).
13. Mounting system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vertically extending rails (7) are reinforced by cross members, in particular, are designed as a circumferential frame.

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