CH646674A5 - ORGANIC MANURE FOR ALL CROPS. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a biological manure for all crops.

Agriculture used a few decades ago, as fertilizers, manures of all kinds, plant and organic rots and also residues from cesspools.

The soil ratio was normal due to the large presence of humus and very reasonable agricultural production.

Agriculture then became industrialized and chemical elements were used as fertilizers, which were extremely active and generate overproduction in the early days, because the soils were then rich in humus and bacterial fauna. However, in the long run, the use of chemicals has created an imbalance in the soil which has led, among other things, to certain plant diseases, which have been combated by phytosanitary chemicals. These products have introduced an additional imbalance in nature. As a result, after a period of overproduction, the soils are now exhausted, that is to say they are very poor in humus which can lead, in the short and medium term, to a phenomenon of erosion in certain regions. In addition, agricultural products commonly have a pesticide residue content greater than 0.01 mg / kg, which is considered by specialists to be dangerous for the human body.

This poverty in humus is accompanied by a destruction of fauna (earthworms, frogs, snails) and also of the infinitely small.

For example, half a hectare of cultivable land to a depth of 15 cm contains, under normal conditions, a tonne of mold, several hundred kilos of bacteria, 100 kg of protozoa, 50 kg of algae and 50 kg of yeast.

Humus is therefore a source of vital energy that must be developed to maintain a natural balance of life, while on the contrary it tends to disappear.

The object of the present invention is to provide a manure for cultivation, which is carried out by entirely natural means and which contains elements essential for the growth of plants and for the regeneration of humus, namely phosphoric acid, potash, lime, nitrogen, carbon, organic matter and trace elements.

These are the elements essential for plant growth, for the regeneration of humic matter, and necessary for bacterial life.

Such organic and complete manure ensures a supply of humus and a regeneration of the soil, and consequently a production of vegetables and other products not containing pesticides. This manure is obtained from organic residues, mushroom residues, bovine manure, peat and poultry droppings.

Advantageously, the organic residues are constituted by the recovery sludge from the treatment plants. In addition to its interest from the point of view of soil maintenance, such a manure has the advantage of recovering the sludge from treatment plants whose disposal and reuse pose a problem which has not yet been solved .

The manuring can be carried out from:

- three volumes of sludge from treatment plants,

- two volumes of mushroom residue,

- two volumes of cattle manure,

- a volume of peat,

- two volumes of poultry droppings.

The whole is mixed and then ground before being extended into a layer with a thickness of the order of 1 to 1.20 m.

A first fermentation takes place, after the addition of aerobic microbes making it possible to reach a temperature of the order of 80 ° C. resulting from microbial culture. When this fermentation slows down, which results in a lowering of the temperature to a value of the order of 40 ° C, after a time of the order of 3 months, the mixture is turned over, possibly remixed and ground. The mixture undergoes a second fermentation, also lasting around 3 months, at the end of which the product is screened before packaging.

It should be noted that fermentation affects only part of the mixture, namely organic residues, mushroom residues, bovine manure, but not peat and poultry droppings. It should also be noted that it is not possible to carry out a fermentation below a temperature of 16 ° C. of the reaction medium, since the aerobic microbes are then inactive.

It was found that it was not possible to obtain a prefer-mentation in the winter period, unless the mixture was heated, in particular because of the large cold mass constituted by peat and poultry droppings.

It should also be noted that this process requires the immobilization of a large working surface for an equally long period of time since both the pre-fermentation and the final fermentation phase are carried out in a layer with a thickness of the order of 1 m.

The present invention relates to a process aimed at improving and facilitating the conditions for preparing this manure.

This process consists in grinding and independently carrying out the seeding in aerobic microbes of organic residues, mushroom residues and bovine manure and in allowing a pre-fermentation to occur of these products independently of each other, before carrying out their mixing. with peat and poultry droppings, this mixture being crushed and extended into a layer with a thickness of the order of 1 m for carrying out the final fermentation, after which the product is screened before packaging.

The grinding of each of the elements, considered independently and constituted respectively by the sludge of treatment plants, the residues of mushroom houses and the cattle manure, causes a heating which, followed by a rapid sowing in aerobic microbes, allows the start of the reaction, whatever the outside temperature, the pre-fermentation continuing without any problem because the reaction, being exothermic, ensures the maintenance of the reaction medium at a temperature above 16 ° C.

The reaction temperatures are in fact of the order of 50 to 60 ° C for the sludge from sewage treatment plants, 40 to 50 ° C for the residues of mushroom houses and 60 ° C for the bovine manure.

It should be noted that the pre-fermentation of each of the three categories of elements defined above is not necessarily carried out in a thin layer, but can be carried out in a heap.

This solution is interesting in the sense that it allows the setting

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on the way to the reaction at any time of the year, without the need for external heating. It is also advantageous in that it allows an economy of the area necessary for manufacturing since, during the whole pre-fermentation phase, the three elements concerned are arranged in the form of a heap, and the last two elements are not immobilized on the places of manufacture only during the second phase of final fermentation.

Pre-fermentation takes place for a period of the order of

4 months. The final fermentation, for its part, is extremely rapid, because due to the pre-fermentation, the amount of humus at the end of the pre-fermentation is large, which facilitates the -mixing of all the constituents and makes it possible to be satisfied with 's a very short final fermentation phase, of the order of 6 weeks.

At the end of fermentation, the product is screened before packaging. The product obtained promotes the growth of plants and vegetables, as well as the regeneration of wildlife.

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Claims (3)

646,674 1. A process for obtaining natural manure for all crops, characterized in that it consists in grinding and independently carrying out the seeding in aerobic microbes of organic residues, residues of mushroom houses and bovine manure, and allowing a pre-fermentation of these products to occur independently of each other, before mixing them with peat and poultry droppings, this mixture being ground and spread in a layer with a thickness of the order of 1 m to carry out the final fermentation, after which the product is screened before packaging. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-fermentation of organic residues, mushroom residues and cattle manure is carried out for a period of the order of 4 months, while the duration of the final fermentation of mixing is on the order of a few weeks. 2 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the duration of the final fermentation of the mixture is 6 weeks.