CH646222A5 - PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A BUILDING COVERAGE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH AN ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING COVERING USING SUCH ELEMENTS. - Google Patents
PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A BUILDING COVERAGE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH AN ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING COVERING USING SUCH ELEMENTS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH646222A5 CH646222A5 CH131982A CH131982A CH646222A5 CH 646222 A5 CH646222 A5 CH 646222A5 CH 131982 A CH131982 A CH 131982A CH 131982 A CH131982 A CH 131982A CH 646222 A5 CH646222 A5 CH 646222A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- slab
- layer
- element according
- insulating material
- insulating
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1687—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure the insulating material having provisions for roof drainage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1662—Inverted roofs or exteriorly insulated roofs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un élément préfabriqué pour la réalisation d'une couverture d'immeuble dite toiture inversée. The present invention relates to a prefabricated element for the production of a building cover known as an inverted roof.
Elle concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément. It also relates to a method of manufacturing such an element.
Elle concerne enfin un procédé de réalisation d'une couverture d'immeuble dite toiture inversée, comportant un support structurel, au moins une couche de matériau étanche disposée sur le support structurel, au moins une couche de matériau isolant disposée sur le matériau étanche et au moins une charge protectrice disposée sur le matériau isolant. Finally, it relates to a method for producing a building cover called an inverted roof, comprising a structural support, at least one layer of waterproof material placed on the structural support, at least one layer of insulating material placed on the waterproof material and at minus a protective charge placed on the insulating material.
Sur les toitures plates conventionnelles, la couche d'étanchéité était formée par-dessus la couche isolante, ce qui l'exposait à des chocs thermiques importants et provoquait sa dégradation relativement rapide. On conventional flat roofs, the sealing layer was formed over the insulating layer, which exposed it to significant thermal shock and caused its relatively rapid degradation.
Le principe constructif dit de toiture inversée, qui a pu être développé notamment grâce aux propriétés particulières des mousses extradées de polystyrène, a permis de trouver une solution à ce problème. En effet, l'étanchéité classique constitue la couche la plus vulnérable entrant dans la composition de la couverture plate d'un immeuble. Dans les toitures conventionnelles, sa durée de vie est de l'ordre de vingt ans, alors que celle des autres couches avoisine soixante ans. Ce vieillissement relativement rapide est dû aux ultraviolets, aux chocs thermiques et mécaniques, aux attaques par des agents chimiques extérieurs. Le système de toiture inversée, en plaçant l'isolant par-dessus l'étanchéité, protège cette dernière et augmente considérablement sa durée de vie. The constructive principle known as inverted roofing, which has been developed in particular thanks to the particular properties of extruded polystyrene foams, has made it possible to find a solution to this problem. Indeed, conventional waterproofing constitutes the most vulnerable layer used in the composition of the flat roof of a building. In conventional roofs, its lifespan is around twenty years, while that of other layers is around sixty years. This relatively rapid aging is due to ultraviolet rays, thermal and mechanical shocks, attacks by external chemical agents. The inverted roof system, by placing the insulation over the waterproofing, protects the waterproofing and considerably increases its service life.
Toutefois, de récentes enquêtes démontrent que la solution de la toiture inversée ne résout pas tous les problèmes liés à la réalisation de toitures plates. Par temps de pluie, par exemple, l'eau s'infiltre dans les joints entre plaques calorifuges et constitue ainsi un pont de froid. Le ruissellement entre plaques et étanchéité absorbe de l'énergie thermique. Le ruissellement entre plaques et étanchéité draine des sables et des graviers qui ont à la longue tendance à soulever la couche de plaques calorifuges, ce qui réduit considérablement l'efficacité thermique de la couche isolante. Enfin, les différences de température entre la face extérieure et la face intérieure des plaques, qui peuvent atteindre plus de dix degrés, ont pour conséquence une dilatation différentielle des faces avec soulèvement des rives. Ce phén-mène, appelé effet bilame, peut être considérablement réduit par un lestage habituellement constitué d'une couche de gravier d'une épaisseur au moins égale à celle de la plaque. However, recent investigations show that the solution of the inverted roof does not solve all the problems linked to the realization of flat roofs. In rainy weather, for example, water infiltrates the joints between the heat-insulating plates and thus forms a cold bridge. The runoff between plates and sealing absorbs thermal energy. The runoff between plates and waterproofing drains sand and gravel which in the long run tends to lift the layer of heat-insulating plates, which considerably reduces the thermal efficiency of the insulating layer. Finally, the temperature differences between the outer face and the inner face of the plates, which can reach more than ten degrees, result in differential expansion of the faces with lifting of the edges. This phenomenon, called the bimetallic strip effect, can be considerably reduced by ballasting usually consisting of a layer of gravel with a thickness at least equal to that of the plate.
La présente invention se propose de pallier l'ensemble de ces inconvénients, en perfectionnant le principe constructif de toitures inversées réalisées à l'aide d'éléments préfabriqués faciles à poser et garantissant une durée de vie très importante aux toitures plates et, notamment, à la couche étanche qui constitue l'élément le plus fragile de cette toiture. The present invention proposes to overcome all of these drawbacks, by perfecting the constructive principle of inverted roofs produced using prefabricated elements which are easy to install and guarantee a very long service life for flat roofs and, in particular, to the waterproof layer which constitutes the most fragile element of this roof.
Dans ce but, l'élément préfabriqué selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une dalle rigide réalisée en un matériau comportant des granulats liés par un liant hydraulique du type ciment et au moins une plaque de matériau thermiquement isolant collée à la surface inférieure de cette dalle. For this purpose, the prefabricated element according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a rigid slab made of a material comprising aggregates linked by a hydraulic binder of the cement type and at least one plate of thermally insulating material bonded to the lower surface of this slab.
Le procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément est caractérisé en ce que l'on moule préalablement des dalles ayant des dimensions et des formes déterminées en un matériau composé de granulats liés par un liant hydraulique du type ciment, et en ce que l'on colle une plaque de matériau thermiquement isolant à la surface inférieure de ces dalles. The method of manufacturing such an element is characterized in that slabs having predetermined dimensions and shapes are molded beforehand from a material composed of aggregates linked by a hydraulic binder of the cement type, and in that one sticks a plate of thermally insulating material to the bottom surface of these tiles.
Le procédé de réalisation d'une couverture d'immeuble dite toiture inversée selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'on forme la couche de matériau isolant et la charge protectrice déposées sur la couche étanche au moyen d'éléments comportant une dalle rigide réalisée en un matériau composé de granulats liés par un liant hydraulique du type ciment et une plaque d'un matériau isolant collée à la surface inférieure de la dalle. The method of producing a building cover called an inverted roof according to the invention is characterized in that the layer of insulating material and the protective charge deposited on the waterproof layer are formed by means of elements comprising a rigid slab made of a material composed of aggregates linked by a hydraulic binder of the cement type and a plate of an insulating material glued to the lower surface of the slab.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise en référence à la description d'un exemple de réalisation et du dessin annexé, dans lequel: The present invention will be better understood with reference to the description of an exemplary embodiment and the attached drawing, in which:
la fig. 1 représente une vue en coupe d'une toiture réalisée selon la conception traditionnelle, fig. 1 represents a sectional view of a roof produced according to the traditional design,
la fig. 2 représente une vue en coupe des couvertures dites toitures inversées, fig. 2 represents a sectional view of the covers called inverted roofs,
la fig. 3 représente une vue en coupe d'une toiture inversée réalisée au moyen des éléments préfabriqués selon l'invention, fig. 3 represents a sectional view of an inverted roof produced by means of the prefabricated elements according to the invention,
la fig. 4 représente une autre forme de réalisation d'une toiture inversée construite avec les éléments préfabriqués selon l'invention, et la fig. 5 représente une vue en perspective d'une forme de réalisation préférée des éléments préfabriqués selon l'invention. fig. 4 shows another embodiment of an inverted roof constructed with the prefabricated elements according to the invention, and FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated elements according to the invention.
En référence à la fig. 1, la toiture traditionnelle se compose généralement d'un support structurel 10 constitué par une dalle en béton, sur laquelle sont disposées successivement une barrière à vapeur 11, une couche d'un matériau isolant 12, la couche d'étanchéité 13 et une charge protectrice 14. On constate que la couche d'étanchéité 13 est en contact direct tant avec le milieu ambiant extérieur qu'avec les couches inférieures isolées, ce qui la soumet à des chocs thermiques importants qui sont à l'origine de sa dégradation relativement rapide. With reference to fig. 1, the traditional roof generally consists of a structural support 10 consisting of a concrete slab, on which are successively arranged a vapor barrier 11, a layer of insulating material 12, the sealing layer 13 and a filler protective 14. It can be seen that the sealing layer 13 is in direct contact both with the external ambient medium and with the insulated lower layers, which subjects it to significant thermal shocks which are at the origin of its relatively rapid degradation. .
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Pour pallier les inconvénients de ces couvertures traditionnelles, on a imaginé les couvertures dites toitures inversées qui se composent, comme le montre la fig. 2, d'un support structurel 20 constitué par une dalle en béton, sur laquelle sont successivement déposées la couche d'étanchéité 21, la couche isolante 22 et la charge protectrice 5 23 constituée de préférence par du gravier. Dans ce dispositif, la couche étanche 21 est bien protégée par la couche isolante 22, qui est elle-même protégée, notamment contre le rayonnement ultraviolet qui dégrade le polystyrène extrudé, par une couche relativement importante de gravier 23. En raison des dilatations longitudinales des 10 plaques constituant la couche isolante 22, l'ouverture des joints 24 entre plaques voisines peut être suffisamment grande pour laisser passer des sables ou des grains de gravier entraînés par le ruissellement de l'eau de pluie, qui viennent finalement s'incruster entre la couche étanche 21 et la couche isolante 22. Les mouvements relatifs 15 des plaques constituant la couche isolante 22 sont encore amplifiés par l'effet bilame dû à la différence de température apparaissant entre les deux faces de cette couche isolante. To overcome the drawbacks of these traditional covers, we have imagined the so-called inverted roof covers which are composed, as shown in fig. 2, a structural support 20 constituted by a concrete slab, on which are successively deposited the sealing layer 21, the insulating layer 22 and the protective filler 5 23 preferably made of gravel. In this device, the waterproof layer 21 is well protected by the insulating layer 22, which is itself protected, in particular against ultraviolet radiation which degrades the extruded polystyrene, by a relatively large layer of gravel 23. Due to the longitudinal expansions of the 10 plates constituting the insulating layer 22, the opening of the seals 24 between adjacent plates can be large enough to allow sands or gravel grains entrained by the runoff of rainwater to pass, which ultimately become encrusted between the tight layer 21 and the insulating layer 22. The relative movements 15 of the plates constituting the insulating layer 22 are further amplified by the bimetallic strip effect due to the temperature difference appearing between the two faces of this insulating layer.
La toiture inversée de la fig. 3 se compose à nouveau d'un support structurel 30 constitué par une dalle en béton sur laquelle 20 est déposée une couche étanche 31. Cette couche est ensuite recouverte d'éléments préfabriqués 32 comportant chacun une dalle rigide 33 réalisée en un matériau comportant des granulats liés par un liant hydraulique du type ciment et une plaque 34 d'un maétirau isolant collé à la surface inférieure de la dalle 33. Les plaques 34 sont de 25 préférence réalisées en polystyrène extrudé. Les plaques 34 ont la même forme et les mêmes dimensions que les dalles 33. Elles sont cependant décalées latéralement dans une ou dans deux directions perpendiculaires par rapport aux dalles 33, pour permettre une superposition prtielle des éléments 32 placés de façon adjacente. 30 The inverted roof of fig. 3 again consists of a structural support 30 consisting of a concrete slab on which 20 is a waterproof layer 31. This layer is then covered with prefabricated elements 32 each comprising a rigid slab 33 made of a material comprising aggregates linked by a hydraulic binder of the cement type and a plate 34 of an insulating material bonded to the lower surface of the slab 33. The plates 34 are preferably made of extruded polystyrene. The plates 34 have the same shape and the same dimensions as the slabs 33. They are however offset laterally in one or in two directions perpendicular to the slabs 33, to allow a prtial superposition of the elements 32 placed adjacent. 30
Ces éléments, qui suppriment sensiblement tous les inconvénients de l'art antérieur, permettent en outre une pose extrêmement rapide. Le collage des plaques 34 sur les dalles 33 permet en outre d'absorber les tensions générées par l'effet bilame. Enfin, l'utilisation de 35 dalles ayant subi un traitement de carbonatation accélérée supprime les inconvénients dus à la carbonatation naturelle et lente des dalles traditionnelles perméables à base de ciment. These elements, which substantially eliminate all the drawbacks of the prior art, also allow extremely rapid installation. The bonding of the plates 34 on the slabs 33 also makes it possible to absorb the tensions generated by the bimetallic strip effect. Finally, the use of 35 slabs having undergone an accelerated carbonation treatment eliminates the drawbacks due to the natural and slow carbonation of traditional permeable cement-based slabs.
La fig. 4 représente une forme de réalisation particulière, dans laquelle une toiture inversée selon l'invention a été mise en place par- 40 Fig. 4 shows a particular embodiment, in which an inverted roof according to the invention has been put in place by 40
dessus une toiture traditionnelle existante. Cette toiture se compose d'un support structurel 40, d'une barrière de vapeur 41, d'une couche isolante 42 et d'une couche étanche 43. A l'origine, elle comportait une charge protectrice constituée par une couche de gravier qui a été supprimée. Après révision et remise en état de la couche d'étanchéité 43, on a mis en place des éléments préfabriqués 44 constitués comme précédemment d'une dalle en béton 45 et d'une plaque en polystyrène extrudé 46. Dans cet exemple, les dalles 45 comportent, sur au moins un de leurs côtés, un rebord en forme d'escalier 47 qui correspond à une gorge complémentaire 48, qui coopère pour permettre une juxtaposition des éléments préfabriqués lors de leur mise en place. above an existing traditional roof. This roof consists of a structural support 40, a vapor barrier 41, an insulating layer 42 and a waterproof layer 43. Originally, it included a protective filler constituted by a layer of gravel which has been deleted. After overhaul and repair of the sealing layer 43, prefabricated elements 44 have been put in place as previously constituted by a concrete slab 45 and an extruded polystyrene plate 46. In this example, the slabs 45 comprise, on at least one of their sides, a staircase-shaped rim 47 which corresponds to a complementary groove 48, which cooperates to allow a juxtaposition of the prefabricated elements during their installation.
Comme dans l'exemple illustré par la fig. 3, les plaques isolantes 46 sont décalées par rapport aux dalles 45, de façon à constituer une chicane supplémentaire dans la zone de jonction de deux éléments juxtaposés. L'existence de ces chicanes limite la pénétration de sables ou de graviers entraînés par le ruissellement des eaux de pluie et leur dépôt entre la couche isolante 46 et la couche d'étanchéité 45. As in the example illustrated in fig. 3, the insulating plates 46 are offset with respect to the tiles 45, so as to constitute an additional baffle in the junction zone of two juxtaposed elements. The existence of these baffles limits the penetration of sand or gravel entrained by the runoff of rainwater and their deposition between the insulating layer 46 and the sealing layer 45.
La fig. 5 illustre une forme de réalisation particulière des éléments préfabriqués 50, constitués par une dalle 51 de forme rectangulaire ou carrée réalisée en un matériau comportant des granulats liés par un liant hydraulique du type ciment et une plaque 52 de même forme et de mêmes dimensions, de préférence en polystyrène extrudé, et collée à la base de la dalle 51 au moyen d'une colle appropriée. Comme mentionné précédemment, la plaque 52 est décalée selon deux directions perpendiculaires par rapport à la dalle 50 pour permettre une superposition des éléments adjacents. La surface inférieure de la dalle 51 comporte de préférence une série de gorges longitudinales 53 parallèles entre elles et orientées selon la ligne de la plus grande pente lorsque les éléments sont en place sur la toiture d'un immeuble. Ces gorges 53 canalisent l'eau de pluie, facilitent son évacuation rapide et empêchent de ce fait le phénomène de flottement qui risque de se produire en cas d'accumulation de l'eau de pluie entre la couche d'étanchéité et l'isolation disposée par-dessus. Fig. 5 illustrates a particular embodiment of the prefabricated elements 50, constituted by a slab 51 of rectangular or square shape made of a material comprising aggregates linked by a hydraulic binder of the cement type and a plate 52 of the same shape and the same dimensions, of preferably extruded polystyrene, and glued to the base of the slab 51 using an appropriate glue. As mentioned above, the plate 52 is offset in two directions perpendicular to the slab 50 to allow superimposition of the adjacent elements. The lower surface of the slab 51 preferably comprises a series of longitudinal grooves 53 parallel to each other and oriented along the line of the greatest slope when the elements are in place on the roof of a building. These grooves 53 channel the rainwater, facilitate its rapid evacuation and thereby prevent the floating phenomenon which is likely to occur in the event of rainwater accumulating between the sealing layer and the insulation provided. Above.
La plaque 52 pourrait bien entendu être remplacée par plusieurs plaques de matériau isolant superposées et reliées entre elles par collage. The plate 52 could of course be replaced by several plates of insulating material superimposed and connected together by gluing.
Les dalles peuvent être réalisées en un matériau imperméable ou en un matériau perméable. Dans ce dernier cas, la carbonatation préalable permet de supprimer les concrétions calcaires. The tiles can be made of an impermeable material or a permeable material. In the latter case, the prior carbonation makes it possible to remove the calcareous concretions.
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1 feuille dessins 1 sheet of drawings
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH131982A CH646222A5 (en) | 1982-03-04 | 1982-03-04 | PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A BUILDING COVERAGE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH AN ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING COVERING USING SUCH ELEMENTS. |
| AT82810279T ATE19120T1 (en) | 1982-03-04 | 1982-06-29 | METHOD OF MAKING A ROOFING FOR A BUILDING, CALLED ''INVERTED ROOF'' AND PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR MAKING SUCH ROOFING. |
| DE8282810279T DE3270387D1 (en) | 1982-03-04 | 1982-06-29 | Method of constructing a covering for a building called "inverted roof", and prefabricated element for constructing such a covering |
| EP82810279A EP0088198B1 (en) | 1982-03-04 | 1982-06-29 | Method of constructing a covering for a building called "inverted roof", and prefabricated element for constructing such a covering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH131982A CH646222A5 (en) | 1982-03-04 | 1982-03-04 | PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A BUILDING COVERAGE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH AN ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING COVERING USING SUCH ELEMENTS. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH646222A5 true CH646222A5 (en) | 1984-11-15 |
Family
ID=4207657
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH131982A CH646222A5 (en) | 1982-03-04 | 1982-03-04 | PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A BUILDING COVERAGE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH AN ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING COVERING USING SUCH ELEMENTS. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0088198B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE19120T1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH646222A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3270387D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3444728A1 (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-06-12 | Christoph M. 2808 Syke Franke | Insulating elements which can be laid on a roof or a wall, and reversed roof produced therewith |
| ATE64975T1 (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1991-07-15 | Anjap Nv | MULTI-LAYER ROOF COVERING PANEL CONSISTING OF AN INSULATING BASE LAYER AND A WALKABLE COVERING LAYER AND ROOF COVERING MADE OF SUCH MULTI-LAYER PANELS. |
| EP0469218A1 (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1992-02-05 | Intemper Espanola S.A. | Pavement slab |
| GB9217797D0 (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1992-10-07 | Forticrete Ltd | Novel building element |
| AT402083B (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1997-01-27 | Steinbacher Daemmstoff Ges M B | ROOF TILE |
| US6105328A (en) * | 1996-09-10 | 2000-08-22 | Boral Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing and installing roof tiles having improved strength and stacking features |
| US6205742B1 (en) | 1996-09-10 | 2001-03-27 | United States Tile Co. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing and installing roof tiles |
| US5974756A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-11-02 | Boral Industries, Inc. | Roof tile design and construction |
| US5993551A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 1999-11-30 | Boral Industries, Inc. | Roof tile and method and apparatus for providing same |
| CA2387181A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-11-22 | Les Materiaux De Construction Oldcastle Canada Inc. | An artificial piece of masonry and a kit for forming a masonry wall |
| US8101113B2 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2012-01-24 | Oldcastle Building Products Canada, Inc. | Molding apparatus for producing dry cast products having textured side surfaces |
| CN102116078B (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-12-19 | 沈阳金铠建筑节能科技有限公司 | Heat insulation and water prevention integration building roof and construction method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE626977A (en) * | ||||
| GB1215464A (en) * | 1967-05-02 | 1970-12-09 | Miller London Ltd W | Improvements in or relating to coatings for roofs |
| US3892899A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1975-07-01 | Paul P Klein | Roof construction |
| DE2736992B2 (en) * | 1977-08-17 | 1981-01-29 | Friedrich 6702 Bad Duerkheim Heck | Flat roof covering |
| NL7900821A (en) * | 1979-02-01 | 1980-08-05 | Te Riet Betonwaren Ind B V | Flat roof covering with air and heat circulation - has loose plates or tiles unattached to roof, with circulation passages between them whilst roof has through holes |
-
1982
- 1982-03-04 CH CH131982A patent/CH646222A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-29 AT AT82810279T patent/ATE19120T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-29 EP EP82810279A patent/EP0088198B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-29 DE DE8282810279T patent/DE3270387D1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0088198B1 (en) | 1986-04-09 |
| ATE19120T1 (en) | 1986-04-15 |
| DE3270387D1 (en) | 1986-05-15 |
| EP0088198A2 (en) | 1983-09-14 |
| EP0088198A3 (en) | 1984-02-08 |
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