CH632135A5 - The use of a mash for rearing broilers - Google Patents

Description

The invention therefore relates to the use of an animal feed mixture for rearing broilers as defined in claim 1.

Value-determining ingredients are primarily understood to mean protein and essential amino acids.

The antibiotic virginiamycin belongs to the peptolide grappa. It is produced by a strain of the fungus Streptomyces virginiae and consists of the components type M (gross formula C28H35N3O7) and type S (gross formula

C43H49N7OXO).

The antibiotic zinc bacitracin belongs to the group of polypeptide antibiotics. The commercial preparations are mixtures of different polypeptides with a zinc content of up to 20% by weight. The starting form Baci-tracin is produced in a known manner from strains of the Bacillus li-cheniformis.

Suitable proteolytic enzymes can be obtained primarily by growing microorganisms and separating them from the nutrient solutions. The procedures for this are known.

For example, proteolytic enzymes from Bacillus li-cheniformis, Bacillus natta, Bacillus subtilis, etc. are used. Acidic proteases, e.g. from Aspergillus niger or from Rhizopus rhizopodiformis according to DE-OS 2 528 490. Such proteases have a particularly broad spectrum of activity in the weakly acidic range between pH 2.5-6.5.

Commercial feed mixtures are optimally put together for the special needs of the individual animal species. The basis is formed by carbohydrates mainly from grain components, maize or the like. Soybean meal, fish meal, animal meal, bran and the like are primarily used as protein carriers. Missing amino acids, e.g. Methionine can also be added. Fats can be added in the form of vegetable or animal fats or waste fats. Salt, such as dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, table salt, can also be added to build up the body. If necessary, the feed mixture is rounded off by adding trace elements, vitamins, fiber, etc. Substances produced by fermentation, such as single-cell proteins from petroleum fractions or alcohols, various yeasts, algae protein or other substances that may also have been obtained from waste materials, can in part. to a large extent be part or feed formula

Usually e.g. the protein content of a chicken fattening feed for the feeding period up to the age of 4-6 weeks is approx. 22% by weight, the lysine value approx. 1.2% by weight. A formulation according to the invention which is equivalent in terms of fattening performance, on the other hand, contains approximately 18-20% by weight of crude protein and 1-1.1% by weight of lysine, with the addition of 5-20 ppm, preferably 10-15 ppm, of virginiamycin or Zinc bacitracin or 0.05-2.5 mTU / g, preferably 0.2-0.5 mTU / g, of a proteolytic enzyme, preferably an acidic fungal protease. Feed mixtures of this type, but without antibiotics and enzyme addition, inevitably lead to poor growth and feed conversion results. Therefore, they have not yet been used in practice. However, the additions of antibiotics and enzymes compensate for this growth and utilization depression in the same way as a standard feed. This creates the prerequisite for using such low-quality feed rations in intensive animal husbandry. The associated protein saving represents a significant economic advantage and an important contribution to securing the protein supply.

The antibiotics are conveniently added to the feed in the form of a premix, e.g. bound to soybean meal. When using flour-like feed compositions, the enzyme component is expediently also applied as a premix. Any feed component, e.g. also soybean meal. When using steam-pelleted feed, the enzymes should advantageously be added in a stabilized form in order to prevent deactivation by moisture and heat during pelleting. Such a method is e.g. Subject of DE-OS 2 602 260.

To determine the enzyme unit (TU), the proteolytic activity of the protease is determined according to the well-known Anson principle: a dilute enzyme solution is incubated at 40 ° C. for 20 minutes with an equal volume of a 1.2% by weight casein solution, this Contains 0.6% by weight of lactic acid, 6 moles of urea and 0.1 mole of citric or acetic acid. The pH of the casein solution is adjusted to 4.5 by adding 2N sodium hydroxide solution. After the incubation, a volume ratio of 1: 1 is mixed with 0.4 N trichloroacetic acid, which forms

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The precipitate of undigested casein is filtered off, and the protein cleavage pieces formed during the breakdown are determined in the filtrate by any protein determination method. Suitable for this is e.g. B. the method described by Layne in "Method of Enzymology" 3 (1957) pages 448 ff.

A blank value must be prepared for each measurement sample, in which first trichloroacetic acid and then casein solution are added. In addition to the reagent blank value, this blank value indicates the proportion of low-molecular peptides that is already present in the enzyme solution before digestion. The difference between the main and the blank value is then compared with the extinction that a certain amount of tyrosine provides for this determination. This amount of tyrosine is then a measure of the proteolytic activity of the present enzyme: an enzyme unit (TU) is the amount of enzyme that releases cleavage products from a casein solution in one minute that have the same absorbance as a 1 M tyrosine solution. The usual specification is in mTU = 10 ~ 3 TU. The percentage concentration data in the examples are based on weight.

example 1

360 male day-old chicks from the Lohmann family were fed with 3 different feed mixtures according to the following test plan:

Ration 1: 21% crude protein, 1.2% lysine, 0.86% methionine and cystine, 12 ppm zinc bacitracin, without enzyme.

Ration II: 18% crude protein, 1.08% lysine, 0.82% methionine and cystine, 12 ppm zinc bacitracin, without enzyme.

Ration III: Like II, but with the addition of 0.3 mTU / g acidic proteases from Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus rhizopodiformis.

After the end of the experiment, the final weight of the animals and the feed conversion were determined. “Feed utilization” means the ratio of feed consumption: growth.

Feed composition (%)

Ration I

ration

Soybean meal

35.00

26.00

Corn

50.55

61.53

Meat bone meal

3.00

3.00

fat

6.60

4.57

Dicalcium phosphate

2.00

2.10

Calcium carbonate

0.75

0.75

Table salt

0.30

0.30

DL-methionine

0.30

0.15

Vitamin and trace element

premix

0.50

0.50

Antibiotic / enzyme

premix

1.00

1.00

100.00

100.00

632 135

Result

Ration I Ration II Ration III

Final weight (g) 1353 1254 1367

Feed conversion 1.95 2.03 1.94

Example 2

270 male fattening day-old chicks from the Lohmann family were fed with 3 different feed mixtures in battery storage for 6 weeks according to the following test plan:

Ration I: 22% crude protein, 1.2% lysine, 0.86% methionine and cystine, 15 ppm virginiamycin, without enzyme.

Ration II: 18% crude protein, 0.95% lysine, 0.8% methionine and cystine, 15 ppm virginiamycin, without enzyme.

Ration III: like II, but with 0.42 mTU / g acidic proteases from Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus rhizopodiformis.

After the end of the experiment, the final weight of the animals and the feed conversion were determined. “Feed utilization” means the ratio of feed consumption: growth.

Feed composition (%)

Ration I

Ration II, III

Soybean meal

32.70

20.70

Corn

48.56

62.87

Rapeseed meal

5.00

5.00

Animal meal

5.00

5.00

Soybean oil

6.00

3.50

Dicalcium phosphate

1.20

1.40

Calcium carbonate

0.63

0.60

Table salt

0.24

0.24

DL-methionine

0.17

0.19

Antibiotic premix

0.10

0.10

Vitamin premix

0.20

0.20

Trace element premix

0.20

0.20

100.00

100.00

Result

Ration I

Ration II

Ration III

Final weight (g) 1402

1319

1411

Feed conversion 1.81

1.90

1.82

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Claims (3)

632135 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Use of an animal feed mixture based on carbohydrates, protein and fats, containing 5-20 ppm of the antibiotics virginiamycin or zinc bac-tracin and such an amount of proteolytic enzymes that an enzymatic activity of 0.05-2, 5 mTU / g is present, whereby the feed mixture has a deficit in value-determining ingredients and convertible energy of up to 20%, based on corresponding complete feed mixes, for rearing broilers. 2. Use according to claim 1 of an animal feed mixture in which the proteolytic enzymes are acidic proteases with an activity spectrum in the range of pH 2.5-6.5. 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2 of an animal feed mixture which has a deficiency in crude protein and / or essential amino acids. From DE-OS 2 633 105 and 2 633 106 are optimally composed animal feed mixtures with regard to their nutrient components on the basis of carbohydrates, protein, fats and, if appropriate, conventional additives, which are characterized by a content of 5-20 ppm of the antibiotic virginiamycin or zinc -Bacitracin and such an amount of proteolytic enzymes that an enzymatic activity of 0.05-2.5 mTU / g is known. These feed compositions provide improved results in terms of feed conversion and / or the weight gain achieved in comparison to conventional high-performance feed mixtures which only contain antibiotics or enzymes alone (ppm = part (s) / million parts by weight). However, the additions of antibiotics and enzymes mentioned can also be used to produce feed mixtures whose content of value-determining ingredients, such as raw protein, essential amino acids and convertible energy, is up to 20% below the standard required for the respective animal species. Such feed mixtures then correspond to normal-value feed in terms of growth and feed utilization results. This result is extremely surprising and leads in particular to a saving in protein and essential amino acids, which represent a significant cost factor in feed mixtures.