GB1587628A

GB1587628A - Animal fodder mixture

Info

Publication number: GB1587628A
Application number: GB45335/77A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 1976-11-02
Filing date: 1977-11-01
Publication date: 1981-04-08
Also published as: FR2368897A2; FR2368897B2; DK463777A; IT1202380B; DE2650277C2; NL7711434A; FR2368898B2; NL7711435A; PL201830A1; GB1587924A; CS209443B2; CH632135A5; DK463477A; DE2650277A1; PL201835A1; IT1202379B; FR2368898A2

Abstract

The mash is based on carbohydrates, protein and fats and contains virginiamycin or zinc-bacitracin and proteolytic enzymes, the mash having a deficit of essential constituents of up to 20% in comparison with a complete mash, is used for rearing broilers.

Description

(54) ANIMAL FODDER MIXTURE (71) We, HENKEL KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT AUF AKTIEN, a German company, of 67 Henkelstrasse, 4000 Dusseldorf-Holthausen, Federal Republic of Germany, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to an animal fodder mixture.

In our copending Application No. 30787/77 (Serial No. 1572944) there is described and claimed in animal fodder mixture, which comprises carbohydrates, protein, fats, 5 to 20 ppm of the antibiotic zinc bacitracin and proteolytic enzymes in an amount sufficient to provide an enzymatic activity of from 0.05 to 2.5 m TU/g and, optionally further additives.

Compared with conventional high-efficiency fodder mixtures which solely contain antibiotics or enzymes, the aforementioned fodder compositions give improved results with respect to the utilization of the fodder and/or the increase in weight obtained thereby.

However, the said additives of antibiotics and enzymes can also be used for producing fodder mixtures whose content of value-determining contents, such as raw protein, essential amino acids and convertible energy, is up to 20% below the standard required for the particular species of animal. Fodder mixtures of this type then correspond to corresponding standard value fodders with respect to the growth results and the fodder utilization results. This result is extremely unexpected and leads partiulcarly to a saving of protein and esential amino acids which constitute a substantial cost factor in fodder mixturs.

The present invention relates to an animal fodder mixture which comprises carbohydrates, protein, fats, 5 to 20 ppm of the antibiotic zinc bacitracin and proteolytic enzymes in an amount sufficient to provide an enzymatic activity of from 0.05 to 2.5 m TU/g, and has a deficiency in essential nutrient components and, optionally, in convertible energy of up to 20% by weight relative to corresponding standard fodder mixtures. By the expression "standard fodder mixture" is to be understood the standard mixture recommended by the Agricultural Research Council in Great Britain as for example in "Agricultural Research Council: The nutrient requirements of farm livestock. Poultry (1963) No. 1". If required, the animal fodder mixture can also contain further additives, for example further conventional additives. Value-determing contents are primarily protein and essential amino acids.

The antibiotic zinc bacitracin belongs to the peptolide antibiotics group. The commercial preparations are mixtures of various polypeptides having a zinc content of up to 20 percent.

The starting form bacitracin is produced in a known manner from strains of bacillus licheniformis.

Suitable proteolytic enzymes are primarily obtained by the culturing of microorganisms and separation from the nutrient solutions. The methods used for this purpose are known.

By way of example, proteolytic enzymes from bacillus licheniformis, bacillus natta, bacillus subtilis, etc., are used. Acid proteases are particularly preferred, for example those from aspergillus niger or from rihizopus rhizopodiformis in accordance with German Offenlegungsschrift 25 28 490. Proteases of this type have a particularly wide spectrum of activity in the slightly acid range between pH 2.5 to 6.5.

The compositions of commercially available fodder mixtures are optimized for the special requirements of the individual species of animal. Carbohydrates, primarily from grain components, maize or the like form the basis of the commercially available fodder mixturs.

Protein carriers are primarily soya waste, fishmeal, animal body meal, bran, and the like.

Amino acids which are lacking, such as methionine, can be additionaly added. Fats in the form of vegetable or animal fats or waste fats are added. Furthermore, salts, such as dicalciumphosphate, calcium carbonate, and common salt are added for the purpose of building up the body. If required, the fodder mixture is finished by adding trace elements, vitamines, ballast substancs etc. Substances produced by fermentation, such as single-cell proteins from mineral oil fractions or alcohols, various yeasts, algal protein or other substances possibly obtained from waste substances, can form a considerable part of the fodder formulation.

By way of example, the protein content of a chicken-fattening fodder for the feeding period up to an age of 4 to 6 weeks is approximately 22% by weight, and the lysine value is approximately 1.2% by weight. On the other hand, a formulation corresponding to the present invention, and having an equivalent degree of efficiency with respect to fattening, contains approximately 18 to 20% by weight of raw protein and 1 to 1.1% by weight of lysine, with an additive of from 5 to 20 ppm, preferably 10 to 15 ppm, of zinc bacitracin, and 0.05 to 2.5 m TU/g, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 m TU/g, of a proteolytic enzyme, preferably an acid fungus protease. Fodder mixtures of this type, but without antibiotics and an enzyme additive, necessarily lead to poor growth and fodder utilization Thus, hitherto, they could not be used in practice.However, the additives of antibiotics and enzymes compensate for this depression of growth and utilization to form a standard fodder of equal efficiency.

Thus, the prerequisite for the utilization of such inferior fodder rations in the intensive rearing of animals is created. The associated saving of protein constitutes a significant economic advantage and an important contribution to the safeguarding of the supply of protein.

The fodder mixtures claimed prove to be successful particularly for the rearing of fattened chickens. Alternatively, however, they can also be advantageous for other species of animals in which the use of the said antibiotics alone is already advantageous, for example in pig fattening and in foodstuffs for laying hens.

Advantageously, the antibiotics are added to the fodder in the form of a pre-mixture, for example combined with soya extraction waste. The enzyme component is also applied as a pre-mixture when using meal-like fodder compositions. Any optional fodder component, such as soya waste, acts as a carrier substance. When using steam-pelleted fodder, the enzymes have to be incorporated in a suitably stabilized form in order to prevent deactivation by moisture and heat during pelletization. A method of this type is the subject of, for example British Patent Application No. 2466/77 (Serial No. 1572761) In order to determine the enzyme unit (TU), the proteolytic activity of the protease is ascertained in accordance with the known Anson principle.A suitably diluted quantity of enzyme solution is incubated for 20 minutes at 40 C with an equal volume of a 1.2% casein solution, the latter containing 0.6% of lactic acid, 6 mol of urea and 0.1 mol of citric or acetic acid. The pH value of the casein solution is adjusted to 4.5 by adding 2 N caustic soda solution. 0.4 N trichloroacetic acid is added in the volume ratio 1:1 after incubation, the precipitate which is formed is filtered off from the undigested casein and the detached portions of protein produced during decomposition are ascertained in the filtrate by any optional method of determining protein. By way of example, the method described by Layne in Method of Enzymology 3 (1957), pages 448 ff., is suitable for this purpose.

A blank value has to be prepared for each measurement example, trichloroacetic cid and then casein solution being added. This blank value gives, in addition to the reagent blank value, the proportion of low molecular peptides present in the enzyme solution before digestion. In the stated method, the difference between the principle value and the blank value is compared with the extinction which produces a specific quantity of tyrosine in this analysis. This quantity of tyrosine is then indicative of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme present. An enzyme unit (TU) is that quantity of enzyme which, in one minute, releases from a casein solution fission products which have the same extinction as 1M of tyrosine solution. Usually the data are given in mTU which is equal to 10-3 TU.

The present invention will now be further illustrated by way of the following Example: Example 360 male day old fattening chickens of Lohmann origina were fed for 6 weeks under free-range conditions with various fodder mixtures in accordance with the following test plan: Ration I : 21% by weight of raw protein, 1.2% by weight of lysine, 0.86% by weight of methionine and cystine, 12 ppm of zine bacitracin, without enzyme.

Ration II 18% by weight of raw protein, 1.08% by weight of lysine, 0.82% by weight of methionine and cystine, 12 ppm of zinc bacitracin, without enzyme.

Ration III : As in II, but with an additive of 0.3 mTU/g of acid proteases from aspergillus niger and rhizopus rhizopodiformis.

After the test had been concluded, the final weight of the animals was determined and the fodder was evaluated. The term "fodder evaluation" refers to the ratio of fodder consumption: growth.

Fodder composition (%): Ration I Ration II, III Soya waste 35.00 26.00 Maize 50.55 61.53 Meat bone meal 3.00 3.00 Fat 6.60 4.57 Dicalciumphosphate 2.00 2.10 Calcium carbonate 0.75 0.75 Common salt 0.30 0.30 DL methionine 0.30 0.15 Premixture of vitamins and trace elements 0.50 0.50 Premixture of antiobic and enzyme 1.00 1.00 100.00 100.00 Result: Ration I Ration II Ration III Final weight (g) 1353 1254 1367 Fodder evaluation 1.95 2.03 1.94 WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1.An animal fodder mixture which comprises carbohydrates, protein, fats, 5 to 20 ppm of the antibiotic zinc bacitracin and proteolytic enzymes in an amount sufficient to provide an enzymatic activity of from 0.05 to 2.5 m TU/g, and has a deficiency in essential nutrient components and optionally, in convertible energy of up to 20% by weight relative to corresponding standard fodder mixtures (as hereinbefore defined).

2. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1 in which the antibiotic zinc bacitracin is present in an amount of 10 to 15 ppm.

3. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the enzymatic activity is from 0.2 to 0.5 mTU/g.

4. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the proteolytic enzymes are acid proteases having a spectrum of activity between pH 2.5 to 6.5.

5. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which contains further additives.

6. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the fodder mixture has a deficiency of raw protein and/or essential amino acids.

7. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and for the rearing of fattened chickens which comprises approximately 18 to 20% by weight of raw protein.

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Claims

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Example

360 male day old fattening chickens of Lohmann origina were fed for 6 weeks under free-range conditions with various fodder mixtures in accordance with the following test plan: Ration I : 21% by weight of raw protein, 1.2% by weight of lysine, 0.86% by weight of methionine and cystine, 12 ppm of zine bacitracin, without enzyme.

Ration II 18% by weight of raw protein, 1.08% by weight of lysine, 0.82% by weight of methionine and cystine, 12 ppm of zinc bacitracin, without enzyme.

Ration III : As in II, but with an additive of 0.3 mTU/g of acid proteases from aspergillus niger and rhizopus rhizopodiformis.

After the test had been concluded, the final weight of the animals was determined and the fodder was evaluated. The term "fodder evaluation" refers to the ratio of fodder consumption: growth.

Fodder composition (%): Ration I Ration II, III Soya waste 35.00 26.00 Maize 50.55 61.53 Meat bone meal 3.00 3.00 Fat 6.60 4.57 Dicalciumphosphate 2.00 2.10 Calcium carbonate 0.75 0.75 Common salt 0.30 0.30 DL methionine 0.30 0.15 Premixture of vitamins and trace elements 0.50 0.50 Premixture of antiobic and enzyme 1.00 1.00 100.00 100.00 Result: Ration I Ration II Ration III Final weight (g) 1353 1254 1367 Fodder evaluation 1.95 2.03 1.94 WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1.An animal fodder mixture which comprises carbohydrates, protein, fats, 5 to 20 ppm of the antibiotic zinc bacitracin and proteolytic enzymes in an amount sufficient to provide an enzymatic activity of from 0.05 to 2.5 m TU/g, and has a deficiency in essential nutrient components and optionally, in convertible energy of up to 20% by weight relative to corresponding standard fodder mixtures (as hereinbefore defined).
2. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1 in which the antibiotic zinc bacitracin is present in an amount of 10 to 15 ppm.
3. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the enzymatic activity is from 0.2 to 0.5 mTU/g.
4. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the proteolytic enzymes are acid proteases having a spectrum of activity between pH 2.5 to 6.5.
5. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which contains further additives.
6. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the fodder mixture has a deficiency of raw protein and/or essential amino acids.
7. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and for the rearing of fattened chickens which comprises approximately 18 to 20% by weight of raw protein.
8. An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore

described with reference to the Example.