GB1587924A - Animal fodder mixture - Google Patents

Description

PATENT SPECIFICATION ( 11) 1 587 924

( 21) Application No 45340/77 ( 22) Filed 1 Nov 1977 ( 19) C ( 61) Patent of Addition To No 1574925 Dated 22 Jul 1977 ( 31) Convention Application No 2650277 ( 32) Filed 2 Nov 1976 in E X ( 33) Fed Rep of Germany (DE) Uf ( 44) Complete Specification Published 15 Apr 1981 ( 51) INT CL 3 A 23 K 1/17 ( 52) Index at Acceptance A 2 B 340 421 422 423 424 429 631 633 647 648 660 BCF ( 54) ANIMAL FODDER MIXTURE ( 71) We, HENKEL KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT AUF AKTIEN, a German Company of 67, Henkelstrass, 4000 Dusseldorf-Holthausen, Federal Republic of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following

statement: 5

The present invention relates to an animal fodder mixture.

In our copending Application No 30788/77 (Serial No 1572945) there is described and claimed an animal fodder mixture, comprising carbohydrates, protein, fats, 5 to 20 ppm of the antibiotic virginiamycin, proteolytic enzymes in an amount sufficient to provide an enzymatic activity of from 0 05 to 2 5 m TU/g and, optionally further additives Compared with 10 conventional high-efficiency fodder mixtures which solely contain antibiotics or enzymes, the aforementioned fodder compositions give improved results with respect to the utilization of the fodder and/or the increase in weight obtained thereby.

However, the said additives of antibiotics and enzymes can also be used for producing fodder mixtures whose content of value-determining contents, such as raw protein, essential 15 amino acids and convertible energy, is up to 20 % below the standard required for the particular species of animal Fodder mixtures of this type then correspond to corresponding standard value fodders with respect to the growth results and the fodder utilization results.

This result is extremely unexpected and leads particularly to a saving of protein and essential amino acids which constitute a substantial cost factor in fodder mixtures 20 Thus the present invention relates to an animal fodder mixture which comprises carbohydrates, protein, fats, 5 to 20 ppm of the antiobiotic virginiamycin and proteolytic enzymes in an amount sufficient to provide an enyzymatic activity of from 0 05 to 2 5 m TU/g, and has a deficiency in essential nutrient components and, optionally, in convertible energy, of up to 20 % by weight relative to corresponding standard fodder mixtures By the expression 25 "standard fodder mixture" is to be understood the standard mixture recommended by the Agricultural Research Council in Great Britain as for example in "Agricultural Research Council: The nutrient requirements of farm livestock Poultry ( 1963) No 1 ", If required, the animal fodder mixture can also contain further additives, for example, further conventional additives Value-determining contents are primarily protein and essential amino acids 30 The antibiotic virginiamycin belongs to the peptolide group It is produced from a strain of the fungus streptomyces virginiae and comprises the components Type M (gross formula C 28 H 35 N 307) and Type S (gross formula C 43 H 49 N 7010).

Suitable proteolytic enzymes are primarily obtained by the culturing of microorganisms and separation from the nutrient solutions The methods used for this purpose are known By 35 way of example, proteolytic enzymes, from bacillus licheniformis, bacillus natta, bacillus subtilis, etc, are used Acid proteases are particularly preferred, for example those from aspergillus niger or from rhizopus rhizopodiformis in accordance with German Offenlegungsschrift 25 28 490 Proteases of this type have a particularly wide spectrum of activity in the slightly acid range between p H 2 5 to 6 5 40 The compositions of commercially available fodder mixtures are optimized for the special requirements of the individual species of animal Carbohydrates, primarily from grain components, maize or the like from the basis of the commercially available fodder mixtures.

Protein carriers are primarily soya waste, fishmeal, animal body meal, bran, and the like.

Amino acids which are lacking, such as methionine, can be additionally added Fats in the 45 2 1587,924 2 form of vegetable or animal fats or waste fats are added Furthermore, salts, such as dicalciumphosphate, calcium carbonate, and common salt are added for the purpose of building up the body If required, the fodder mixture is finished by adding trace elements, vitamins, ballast substances etc Substances produced by fermentation, such as single-cell proteins from mineral oil fractions or alcohols, various yeasts, algal protein or other sub 5 stances, possibly obtained from waste substances, can form a considerable part of the fodder formulation.

By way of example, the protein content of a chicken-fattening fodder for the feeding period up to an age of 4 to 6 weeks is approximately 22 %, and the lysine value is approximately 1 2 % On the other hand, a formulation corresponding to the invention, and having an 10 equivalent degree of efficiency with respect to fattening, contains approximately 18 to 20 % of raw protein and 1 to 1 1 % of lysine, with an additive of from 5 to 20 ppm, preferably 10 to 15 ppm, of virginiamycin, and 0 05 to 2 5 m TU/g, preferably 0 2 to 0 5 m TU/g, of a proteolytic enzyme, preferably an acid fungus protease Fodder mixtures of this type, but without antibiotics and an enzyme additive, necessarily lead to poor growth and fodder utilization 15 results Thus, hitherto, they could not be used in practice However, the additives of antibiotics and enzymes compensate for this depression of growth and utilization to form a standard fodder of equal efficiency Thus, the prerequisite for the utilization of such inferior fodder rations in the intensive rearing of animals is created The associated saving of protein constitutes a significant economic advantage and an important contribution to the safeguard 20 ing of the supply of protein.

The fodder mixtures claimed prove to be successful particularly for the rearing of fattened chickens Alternatively, however, they can also be advantageous for other species of animals in which the use of the said antibiotics alone is already advantageous, for example in pig fattening and in foodstuffs for laying hens 25 Advantageously, the antibiotics are added to the fodder in the form of a pre-mixture, for example combined with soya extraction waste The enzyme component is also applied as a pre-mixture when using meal-like fodder compositions Any optional fodder component, such as soya waste, acts as a carrier substance When using steam-pelleted fodder, the enzymes have to be incorporated in a suitably stabilizing form in order to prevent deactiva 30 tion by moisture and heat during pelletization A method of this type is the subject of for example British Patent Application No 2466/77 (Serial No 1572761).

In order to determine the enzyme unit (TU) the proteolytic activity of the protease is ascertained in accordance with the known Anson principle A suitably diluted quantity of enzyme solution is incubated for 20 minutes at 40 WC with an equal volume of a 1 2 % casein 35 solution, the latter containing 0 6 % of lactic acid, 6 mol of urea and 0 1 mol of citric or acetic acid The p H value of the casein solution is adjusted to 4 5 by adding 2 N caustic soda solution 0 4 N trichloroacetic acid is added in the volume ratio 1:1 after incubation, the precipitate which is formed is filtered off from the undigested casein and the detached portions of protein produced during decomposition are ascertained in the filtrate by any 40 optional method of determining protein By way of example, the method described by Layne in Method of Enzymology 3 ( 1957) pages 448 ff is suitable for this purpose.

A blank value has to be prepared for each measurement example, trichloroacetic acid and then casein solution being added This blank value gives, in addition to the reagent blank value, the proportion of low molecular peptides present in the enzyme solution before 45 digestion In the stated method, the difference between the principle value and the blank value is compared with the extinction which produces a specific quantity of tyrosine in this analysis The quantity of tyrosine is then indicative of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme present An enzyme unit (TU) is that quantity of enzyme which in one minute releases from a casein solution fission products which have the same extinction as 1 M tysosine solution 50 Usually the data are given in m TU which is equal to 10 TU.

The present invention will now be further illustrated by way of the following Example:Example

270 male day-old battery chicks of Lohmann origin were fed for 6 weeks with 3 different fodder mixtures in accordance with the following test plan: 55 Ration I: 22 % raw protein, 1 2 % lysine, 0 86 % methionine and crystine 15 ppm virginiamycin without enzyme Ration 11: 18 % raw protein, 0 95 % lysine 0 8 % methionine and cystine 15 ppm virginiamycin, without enzyme Ration III: As in 11 but with 0 42 m TU/g of acid proteases from aspergillus niger and 60 rhizopus rhizopodiformis.

After the test has been concluded the final weight of the animals was determined and the fodder was evaluated The term "fodder evaluation" refers to the ratio of the fodder consumption: growth.

1,587924 1,587,924 Fodder composition (%) Ration I Ration II, III Soya waste 32 70 20 70 Maize 48 56 62 87 5 Rape waste 5 00 5 00 Animal body meal 5 00 5 00 Soya oil 6 00 3 50 Dicalciumphosphate 1 20 1 40 10 Calcium carbonate 0 63 0 60 Common salt 0 24 0 24 DL methionine 0 17 0 19 Premixture of antibiotics 0 10 0 10 15 Premixture of vitamins 0 20 0 20 Premixture of trace elements 0 20 0 20 00 100 00 Result Ration I Ration II Ration III 20 Final weight (g) 1402 1319 1411 Fodder evaluation 1 81 1 90 1 82

Claims (8)

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1 An animal fodder mixture which comprises carbohydrates, protein, fats 5 to 20 ppm of 25 the antibiotic virginiamycin and proteolytic enzymes in an amount, sufficient to provide an enzymatic activity of from 0 05 to 2 5 m TU/g, and has a deficiency in essential nutrient components and, optionally, in convertible energy, of up to 20 % by weight relative to corresponding standard fodder mixtures (as hereinbefore defined).

2 An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1, in which the antibiotic virginiamycin is 30 present in an amount of 10 to 15 ppm.

3 An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, in which the enzymatic activity is from 0 2 to 0 5 m TU/g.

4 An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the proteolytic enzymes are acid proteases having a spectrum of activity between p H 2

5 to 6 5 35 An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which contains further additives.

6 An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the fodder mixture has a deficiency of raw protein and/or essential amino acids.

7 An animal fodder mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and for the rearing of 40 fattened chickens which comprises approximately 18 to 20 % by weight of raw protein.

8 An animal fodder mixture as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example.

W.P THOMPSON & CO.

Coopers Building, 45 Church Street.

Liverpool 1 L 1 3 AB Chartered Patent Agents.

Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Croydon Printing Company Limited Croydon Surrey 1981.

Published by The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained.