CA3133553A1

CA3133553A1 - Receiving apparatus using low-density parity check code and bit deinterleaving and receiving method thereof

Info

Publication number: CA3133553A1
Application number: CA3133553A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Se-Ho Myung; Hong-Sil Jeong; Kyung-Joong Kim
Original assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2014-02-19
Filing date: 2015-02-23
Publication date: 2015-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2035-02-23
Also published as: KR20170129668A; KR101944526B1; CN106471782B; KR20150098226A; KR20190011795A; CA2940011A1; MX366541B; KR101800409B1; KR101986778B1; CA2940011C; KR102245527B1; CA3040604C; CA3133553C; CN106471782A; MX2019008372A; MX2016010774A; CA3040604A1; KR20190064556A

Abstract

A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the modulator is further configurcd to map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

Description

RECEIVING APPARATUS USING LOW-DENSITY PARITY CHECK CODE AND
BIT DEINTERLEAVING AND RECEIVING METHOD THEREOF
This application is a divisional of Canadian patent application No. 2940011 filed on February 23, 2015.
[Technical Field]
Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to a transmitting apparatus and an interleaving method thereof, and more particularly, to a transmitting apparatus which processes and transmits data, and an interleaving method thereof.
[Background Art]
In the 21st century information-oriented society, broadcasting communication services are moving into the era of digitalization, multi-channel, wideband, and high quality. In particular, as high quality digital televisions, portable multimedia players and portable broadcasting equipment are increasingly used in recent years, there is an increasing demand for methods for supporting various receiving methods of digital broadcasting services.
In order to meet such demand, standard groups are establishing various standards and are providing a variety of services to satisfy users' needs. Therefore, there is a need for a method for providing improved services to users with high decoding and receiving performance.
[Disclosure]
[Technical Problem]
Exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept may overcome the above disadvantages and other disadvantages not described above. However, it is understood that the exemplary embodiment are not required to overcome the disadvantages described above, and may not overcome any of the problems described above.
The exemplary embodiments provide a transmitting apparatus which can map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups of a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword onto a predetermined bit of a modulation symbol, and transmit the bit, and an interleaving method thereof.
[Technical Solution]
According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a transmitting apparatus including: an encoder configured to generate an LDPC codeword by LDPC encoding Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

2 based on a parity check matrix; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the modulator is further configured to map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.
Each of the plurality of bit groups may be formed of M number of bits. M may be a common divisor of Nicipc and KAN and may be determined to satisfy Qiripc=(Niapc-Kicipc)/M. In this case, Qjdpc may be a cyclic shift parameter value regarding columns in a column group of an information word submatrix of the parity check matrix, Nidpc may be a length of the LDPC
codeword, and Kid may be a length of information word bits of the LDPC
codeword.
The interleaver may include: a parity interleaver configured to interleave parity bits of the LDPC codeword; a group interleaver configured to divide the parity-interleaved LDPC
codeword by the plurality of bit groups and rearrange an order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise; and a block interleaver configured to interleave the plurality of bit groups the order of which is rearranged.
The group interleaver may be configured to rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by using the following equation:
= X,(1)(0 LC j <Ns,.,,,õ), where Xj is a jth bit group before the plurality of bit groups are interleaved, Yi is a jth bit group after the plurality of bit groups are interleaved, Ngroup is a total number of the plurality of bit groups, and 7t(j) is a parameter indicating an interleaving order.
Here, 7t(j) may be determined based on at least one of a length of the LDPC
codeword, a modulation method, and a code rate.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 6/15,71(j) may be defined as in table 11.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 10/15, 7t(j) may be defined as in table 14.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 12/15, 7t(j) may be defined as in table 15.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 6/15, 7r(j) may be defined as in table 17.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

3 When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 8/15, n(j) may be defined as in table 18.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 12/15, n(j) may be defined as in table 21.
The block interleaver may be configured to interleave by writing the plurality of bit groups in each of a plurality of columns in bit group wise in a column direction, and reading each row of the plurality of columns in which the plurality of bit groups are written in bit group wise in a row direction, The block interleaver may be configured to serially write, in the plurality of columns, at least some bit groups which are writable in the plurality of columns in bit group wise from among the plurality of bit groups, and then divide and write the other bit groups in an area which remains after the at least some bit groups are written in the plurality of columns in bit group wise.
According to an aspect of another exemplary embodiment, there is provided an interleaving method of a transmitting apparatus, including: generating an LDPC codeword by LDPC
encoding based on a parity check matrix; interleaving the LDPC codeword; and mapping the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the mapping comprises mapping a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.
Each of the plurality of bit groups may be formed of M number of bits, and M
may be a common divisor of Niapc and Icipc and may be determined to satisfy Qidpc=(Nidpc-Kidpc)/M. In this case, Qtdpc may be a cyclic shift parameter value regarding columns in a column group of an information word submatrix of the parity check matrix, Nwpc may be a length of the LDPC
codeword, and Kidp, may be a length of information word bits of the LDPC
codeword.
The interleaving may include: interleaving parity bits of the LDPC codeword;
dividing the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword by the plurality of bit groups and rearranging an order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise; and interleaving the plurality of bit groups the order of which is rearranged.
The rearranging in bit group wise may include rearranging the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by using the following equation:
Yi X,r(i)(0 <N80) where N is a j Lb bit group before the plurality of bit groups are interleaved, Yj is a jth bit group Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

4 after the plurality of bit groups are interleaved, N gro up s a total number of the plurality of bit groups, and it(j) is a parameter indicating an interleaving order.
Here, 7r(j) may be determined based on at least one of a length of the LDPC
codeword, a modulation method, and a code rate.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 6/15, 7r(j) may be defined as in table 11.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 10/15, 7r(j) may be defined as in table 14.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 12/15, 7r(j) may be defined as in table 15.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 6/15, 7z(j) may be defined as in table 17.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 8/15, 7r(j) may be defined as in table 18.
When the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 12/15, 7r(j) may be defined as in table 21.
The interleaving the plurality of bit groups may include interleaving by writing the plurality of bit groups in each of a plurality of columns in bit group wise in a column direction, and reading each row of the plurality of columns in which the plurality of bit groups are written in bit group wise in a row direction.
The interleaving the plurality of bit groups may include serially writing, in the plurality of columns, at least some bit groups which are writable in the plurality of columns in bit group wise from among the plurality of bit groups, and then dividing and writing the other bit groups in an area which remains after the at least some bit groups are written in the plurality of columns in bit group wise.
According to an embodiment, there is provided a transmitting apparatus comprising: an encoder configured to encode input bits to generate parity bits based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code according to a code rate of 6/15 and a code length of 64800;
an interleaver configured to interleave the parity bits, split a codeword into a plurality of bit groups, and interleave the plurality of bit groups to provide an interleaved codeword, wherein the codeword comprising the input bits and the interleaved parity bits; and a mapper configured to map bits of the interleaved codeword onto constellation points for 16-quadrature amplitude Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 4a modulation(QAM), wherein the plurality of bit groups are interleaved based on a following equation: = X for j (0 < < Ng""P) , where Xi is a jth bit group among the plurality of bit groups, Yi is a ith bit group among the interleaved plurality of bit groups, Ngroup is a total number of the plurality of bit groups, and z(j) denotes a permutation order for the interleaving of the plurality of bit groups, and wherein the a(j) is defined as follows:
Order of interleaving it(j) (0 j < 180) .81181c ¨

103 104 10.5 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 6115 n(j) In another embodiment there is a receiving apparatus comprising a receiver configured to receive a signal from a transmitting apparatus; a demodulator configured to demodulate the signal to generate values according to a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM); a deinterleaver configured to split the values into a plurality of groups, deinterleave the plurality of groups and deinterleave one or more values among the deinterleaved plurality of groups to provide deinterleaved values; and a decoder configured to decode the deinterleaved values based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code having a code rate being 6/15 and a code length being 64800 bits, wherein the plurality of groups are deinterleaved based on a following equation:
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 4b Y7r(j) = Xj for (0 j < Ngroup) where Xi is a ith group among the plurality of groups, Yi is a jth group among the deinterleaved plurality of groups, Ngroup is a total number of the plurality of groups, and n(j) denotes a deinterleaving order for the deinterleaving, and wherein the n(j) is represented as follows:
Order of deinterleaving z(j) (0 j < 180) CodclZatc 46 47 48 49 50 51 92 53 54 55 56 9/15 7r(j) =
In another embodiment there is a receiving method comprising receiving a signal from a transmitting apparatus; demodulating the signal to generate values according to a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(0AM); splitting the values into a plurality of groups;
deinterleaving the plurality of groups; deinterleaving one or more values among the deinterleaved plurality of groups to provide deinterleaved values; and decoding the deinterleaved values based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code having a code rate being 6/15 and a code length being 64800 bits, wherein the plurality of groups are dcinterleavcd based on a following equation:
YTc(j) = Xj for (0 < N group) f Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 4c where X, is a jth group among the plurality of groups, Y, is a jth group among the deinterleaved plurality of groups, Ngroup is a total number of the plurality of groups, and n(j) denotes a deinterleaving order for the deinterleaving, and wherein the n(j) is represented as follows:
Order of deinterleaving rc(j) (0 < j < 180) Code Rate 6/15 n(j) In another embodiment there is provided a transmitting apparatus comprising a parity interleaver configured to interleave parity bits which are generated by encoding input bits based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code, a code rate of the LDPC code being 6/15 and a code length of the LDPC code being 64800; a group interleaver configured to split a codeword comprising the input bits and the interleaved parity bits into a plurality of bit groups, and interleave the plurality of bit groups; a mapper configured to demultiplex bits of the interleaved plurality of bit groups to generate cells and map the cells to constellation points for 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM); and a transmitter configured to transmit a signal which is based on constellation points, wherein the plurality of bit groups gr are interleaved based on a following equation Yi = X "to) for oup (0 j < N
) , where N is a j-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups, Y, is a j-th bit group among the interleaved plurality of bit groups, Ngroup is a number of the plurality of bit groups, and n(j) denotes an interleaving order, and wherein the n(j) is represented as follows:
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 4d Order of interleaving 7c(j) (0 j < 180) Code Rate 6/15 it(j) In another embodiment there is provided a transmitting method comprising:
interleaving parity bits which are generated by encoding input bits based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code, a code rate of the LDPC code being 6/15 and a code length of the LDPC code being 64800; splitting a codeword comprising the input bits and the interleaved parity bits into a plurality of bit groups; interleaving the plurality of bit groups; demultiplexing bits of the interleaved plurality of bit groups to generate cells; mapping the cells to constellation points for 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM); and transmitting a signal which is based on constellation points, wherein the plurality of bit groups are interleaved based on a following equation Yi = X'0) for (0 j < N
gr oup) , where X is a j-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups, Y., is a j-th bit group among the interleaved plurality of bit groups, Ngroup is a number of the plurality of bit groups, and n(j) denotes an interleaving order, and wherein the n(j) is represented as follows:
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 4e Order of interleaving 7c(j) (0 j < 180) Code Rate 7E0) 127 101 94 115 105 31 19 177 74 10 145 [Advantageous Effects]
According to various exemplary embodiments, improved decoding and receiving performance can be provided.
[Description of Drawings]
The above and/or other aspects will be more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

5 FIG. 1 is a block diagram to illustrate a configuration of a transmitting apparatus, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIGs. 2 to 4 are views to illustrate a configuration of a parity check matrix, according to exemplary embodiments;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram to illustrate a configuration of an interleaver, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIGs. 6 to 8 are views to illustrate an interleaving method, according to exemplary embodiments;
FIGs. 9 to 14 are views to illustrate an interleaving method of a block interleaver, according to exemplary embodiments;
FIG. 15 is a view to illustrate an operation of a demultiplexer, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIGs. 16 and 17 are views to illustrate a method for designing an interleaving pattern, according to exemplary embodiments;
FIG. 18 is a block diagram to illustrate a configuration of a receiving apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a block diagram to illustrate a configuration of a deinterleaver, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 20 is a view to illustrate a deinterleaving method of a block deinterleaver, according to an exemplary embodiment; and FIG. 21 is a flowchart to illustrate an interleaving method, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[Mode for Invention]
Hereinafter, various exemplary embodiments will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following description, same reference numerals are used for the same elements when they are depicted in different drawings. The matters defined in the description, such as detailed construction and elements, are provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of the exemplary embodiments. Thus, it is apparent that the exemplary embodiments can be carried out without those specifically defined matters. Also, functions or elements known in the related art are not described in detail since they would obscure the exemplary embodiments with Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

6 unnecessary detail.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram to illustrate a configuration of a transmitting apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, the transmitting apparatus 100 includes an encoder 110, an interleaver 120, and a modulator 130 (or a constellation mapper).
The encoder 110 generates a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword by performing LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix. To achieve this, the encoder 110 may include an LDPC encoder (not shown) to perform the LDPC encoding.
Specifically, the encoder 110 LDPC-encodes information word(or information) bits to generate the LDPC codeword which is formed of information word bits and parity bits (that is, LDPC parity bits). Here, bits input to the encoder 110 may be used as the information word bits.
Also, since an LDPC code is a systematic code, the information word bits may be included in the LDPC codeword as they are.
The LDPC codeword is formed of the information word bits and the parity bits.
For example, the LDPC codeword is formed of Nidpc number of bits, and includes Kid number of information word bits and Npanty=Nicipc-KkiN number of parity bits.
In this case, the encoder 110 may generate the LDPC codeword by performing the LDPC
encoding based on the parity check matrix. That is, since the LDPC encoding is a process for generating an LDPC codeword to satisfy H=CT=0, the encoder 110 may use the parity check matrix when performing the LDPC encoding. Herein, H is a parity check matrix and C is an LDPC codeword.
For the LDPC encoding, the transmitting apparatus 100 may include a memory and may pre-store parity check matrices of various formats.
For example, the transmitting apparatus 100 may pre-store parity check matrices which are defined in Digital Video Broadcasting-Cable version 2 (DVB-C2), Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite-Second Generation (DVB-S2), Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial (DVB-T2), etc., or may pre-store parity check matrices which are defined in the North America digital broadcasting standard system Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) 3.0 standards, which are currently being established. However, this is merely an example and the transmitting apparatus 100 may pre-store parity check matrices of other formats in addition to these parity check matrices.
Hereinafter, a parity check matrix according to various exemplary embodiments will be Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

7 explained in detail with reference to the drawings. In the parity check matrix, elements other than elements having 1 have 0.
For example, the parity check matrix according to an exemplary embodiment may have a configuration of FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 2, a parity check matrix 200 is formed of an information word submatrix(or an information submatrix) 210 corresponding to information word bits, and a parity submatrix 220 corresponding to parity bits.
The information word submatrix 210 includes Kid number of columns and the parity submatrix 220 includes Nparity=Niapc-Kidpc number of columns. The number of rows of the parity check matrix 200 is identical to the number of columns of the parity submatrix 220, Nparityr---N
- IOC
Kldpc=
In addition, in the parity check matrix 200, NI* is a length of an LDPC
codeword, Kidpc is a length of information word bits, and Nparity=Nupc-Kidpc is a length of parity bits. The length of the LDPC codeword, the information word bits, and the parity bits mean the number of bits included in each of the LDPC codeword, the information word bits, and the parity bits.
Hereinafter, the configuration of the information word submatrix 210 and the parity submatrix 220 will be explained in detail.
The information word submatrix 210 includes Kid number of columns (that is, 0th column to (Kidpe-1)th column), and follows the following rules:
First, M number of columns from among Kidp, number of columns of the information word submatrix 210 belong to the same group, and Klapc number of columns is divided into Kkipe/M
number of column groups. In each column group, a column is cyclic-shifted from an immediately previous column by Chip, That is, Qidp, may be a cyclic shift parameter value regarding columns in a column group of the information word submatrix 210 of the parity check matrix 200.
Herein, M is an interval at which a pattern of a column group, which includes a plurality of columns, is repeated in the information word submatrix 210 (e.g., M=360), and Qidpc is a size by which one column is cyclic-shifted from an immediately previous column in a same column group in the information word submatrix 210. Also, M is a common divisor of Nidpc and '<AWN, and is determined to satisfy Chapc=(Niapc-Kwpc)/M. Here, M and Qmpc are integers and Kidp,,/M is also an integer. M and ORIN may have various values according to a length of the LDPC codeword Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

8 and a code rate (CR)(or, coding rate).
For example, when M,--360 and the length of the LDPC codeword, NI*, is 64800, Qidpc may be defined as in table 1 presented below, and, when M=360 and the length Nidpc of the LDPC
codeword is 16200, Oldpe may be defined as in table 2 presented below.
[Table 1]
Code Rate Nidpc M Qidpc

9/15 64800 360 72

10/15 64800 360 60

11/15 64800 360 48

12/15 64800 360 36

13/15 64800 360 24 [Table 2]
Code Rate Nidpo M Qiepc Second, when the degree of the 0th column of the ith column group (i=0, 1, ..., Kidp,./M-1) is Di (herein, the degree is the number of value 1 existing in each column and all columns belonging to the same column group have the same degree), and a position (or an index) of each row where 1 exists in the Oth column of the ith column group is AT = =,R1) , an index Ri(,kj)of a row where kth 1 is located in the ith column in the ith column group is determined by following Equation 1:
=Co) +adix mod(N ) lalx Pc (1), where k=0, 1, 2, ...D1-1; i---0, 1, ..., Kidpc/M-1; and j=1, 2, ..., M-1.
Equation 1 can be expressed as following Equation 2:
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 = = ¨3) + jmodM)x Qop, mod(N ¨ K,pc) ... (2), where k=0, 1,2, ...D,-l; i=0, 1, ..., &ape/M-1; and j=1, 2, ..., M-1. Since j=1, 2, ===, M-1, 0 mod M) of Equation 2 may be regarded as j.
In the above equations, Ri(ki) is an index of a row where kth 1 is located in the jth column in the =th column group, Nidpc is a length of an LDPC codeword, Kid is a length of information word bits, Di is a degree of columns belonging to the ith column group, M is the number of columns belonging to a single column group, and ()Mix is a size by which each column in the column group is cyclic-shifted.
As a result, referring to these equations, when only Ri(ko) is known, the index Ri(kj) of the row where the kth 1 is located in the jth column in the ith column group can be known. Therefore, when the index value of the row where the kth 1 is located in the Oth column of each column group is stored, a position of column and row where 1 is located in the parity check matrix 200 having the configuration of FIG. 2 (that is, in the information word submatrix 210 of the parity check matrix 200) can be known.
According to the above-described rules, all of the columns belonging to the ith column group have the same degree Di. Accordingly, the LDPC codeword which stores information on the parity check matrix according to the above-described rules may be briefly expressed as follows.
For example, when Nape is 30, Kidpe is 15, and Qkipc is 3, position information of the row where 1 is located in the Oth column of the three column groups may be expressed by a sequence of Equations 3 and may be referred to as "weight-1 position sequence".
RJ =1,R(20) = 2, R,(30) = 8, k40) ¨10, RTo = 0, R12r; 9, R132 =13, 4.)0 =0,Rfd =14.
= = = (3), where Rj) is an index of a row where V' 1 is located in the jth column in the th column group.
The weight-1 position sequence like Equation 3 which expresses an index of a row where 1 is located in the Oth column of each column group may be briefly expressed as in Table 3 presented below:
[Table 3]
=
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 014:
Table 3 shows positions of elements having value 1 in the parity check matrix, and the ith weight-1 position sequence is expressed by indexes of rows where 1 is located in the 0th column belonging to the ith column group.
The information word submatrix 210 of the parity check matrix according to an exemplary embodiment may be defined as in Tables 4 to 8 presented below, based on the above descriptions.
Specifically, Tables 4 to 8 show indexes of rows where 1 is located in the Oth column of the ith column group of the information word submatrix 210. That is, the information word submatrix 210 is formed of a plurality of column groups each including M number of columns, and positions of 1 in the 0th column of each of the plurality of column groups may be defined by Tables 4 to 8.
Herein, the indexes of the rows where 1 is located in the 0th column of the ith column group mean "addresses of parity bit accumulators". The "addresses of parity bit accumulators" have the same meaning as defined in the DVB-C2/S2/T2 standards or the ATSC 3.0 standards which are currently being established, and thus, a detailed explanation thereof is omitted.
For example, when the length Nidpc of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 6/15, and M is 360, the indexes of the rows where 1 is located in the 0th column of the ith column group of the information word submatrix 210 are as shown in Table 4 presented below:
[Table 4]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 'ex of row where-11s locatedthe Oth column of the'dh r.olumn group.

35442 36153 36740 37085 37152 ma 176S8 1 4621 5007 6410 6732 9757 11506 13093 25513 26335 18052 1.9512 3 700 297 1708 6017 6490 7372 7825 9546 10398 1660518561.18745 21625 18444 19470 2031.3 21139 24371 26431 26999 28086 7 131 1,307 1628 2041 2524 5358 7988 8191 10322 11905 12919 14127 15515 15711 17051, 19024 21195 22902 23727 24401 24508 25111 25228,27338 35398 37794 38195 27583 30006 31118 32106. 36469 36583 37920 955 4323 .51.456885 8123 9730 11840 12216 19194 25313 23146 24248 24830 25268 12 520 2562 2794 3528 3860 4402 5676 6963 8655901* 9783 11933 15336 1$ 943 11191 2780629411 19 9538 gno 1254630120 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 26 also 16477 27934 30021 39 4796 6238 25203 visa 42 6502 13641 17509 34713 õ

t 15698 18209 30683 71 nuo 26195 37653 In another example, when the length Niapc of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 8/15, and M is 360, the indexes of the rows where 1 is located in the Oth column of the ith column group of the information word submatrix 210 are as shown in Table 5 presented below:
[Table 5]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 Index of row where 1 is located in the 0th column of the ith column group 0 2768 3039 4059 585662.45 7013 $1579341 9802 10470 11521 12083 1 2739 8244 81391 9157 12624. 12973 15534 16622 16919 18402 18780 4 869 24504386 $316 6160 7107 10362 11132 11271 13149 16397 16532 508 4292 5831 8559 10044.10412 11283 14410 15888 17243 17518 19903 20528 22090 6 3892248 5840 6043 7000 9054 1107$ 11760 12217 1256$ 13387 15403 19422 19$28 21493 25142 27777 28566 28702 17702 2002t 24106 2630029332 30081 30196 _8 1480 3084 3467 4401 4796 I$ 77S51 11368 12323 14325 14546 16360 183912261423021 23763 2547826491 .2908829757 13 59 1781 1900 38 /4 4121 804489069175 11156 14841 15789 16033 1675$

14 1952 3057 4399 9476 10171 10769 1133$ 11569 15002 19301 20621 2695 3070 3437 4764 4905 66709244 11645 13352 13573 1397$ 14600 15871 2223822437236542513l 2755028247 29903 =
29 394 17248 19486 27922 , 37 , 3397 15053 30224 .38 24016 25880 26268 , = 43 2343 838228840 =

52 2n9 18227 27458 53 7593 21935 2300 t 7925 184402313$

Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 63 13227 23033 2s430 69 4839 1346'7 2748S

7$ 232 11296 29978 82 11159 16111 21608 _ 83 3719 1.$787 22100 8$ 209U2947330103 In another example, when the length N1 of of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is th 10/15, and M is 360, the indexes of rows where 1 exists in the Oth column of the -column group of the information word submatrix 210 are defined as shown in Table 6 below.
[Table 6]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

15 _ _ . _ -= = . Index of row where 1 is located in the Oth column of the ith column grou.p .

. 1 2559 4029634465109167972811312 148551710417721 mm018791 2 3243 6894 79501053912042 1323323938 14762 M44916727 27025 1.82972.9796 3 S2723574 6341 67229191 10909 iiisis'71.ssi fiogiiksact 28631717007 27309 1041519945' = 4=* 1554598 10201109751109611296 12713.15564,15978 16395 1754228164111451 * 11281999 3926 4069 555860856337 838610693 12450 1543816223163701730918634 . 6 2408 2929 56504357 5852 73298536 86951060311003 14304 14937 I 199 3066 6446 6949 um 953610452 128571367615915 16717 1765419802 20115 22 a na 67G 00105 2696 5537 639657377311 7369 /3045 1639419576 20149 11424-. 9 9351591 3248 3509 3706313476274 62767864 903323818.1567516446 975 37744083 5825 61541 us 7639 0657.2.0203 2305214240 17320 19126 196442020e , 11 , 1795 2961 25442418 6148 8091 9066 922340676 10752 21512 18171179251492.2.2.058 267 925 1824 2325 264028636070 5597 701511109 9915 1160R 28142.175L219625.
_1.5 229318963039 4303 4690878712241 1.3400 144792949224601 2711517913294M

= 14 = 5883895 804566148131 84049590 90599246 umo lassi 18687 18841 , 1310157917392294 3701 3965 5713 68777263 22172121431276517121 2001121436 2.7 301 1668 2501 4925 577859859635 10140 10820 11779 118491203815650 26426 5932484 3071 321940544125 5563 593969297085 80541217316280 1794519302' 19 222 1,619 39494902 743861460/ /7 9.23919131135211734717439 18193 1958,619929 31 4212 915 1548 1637 66879332 1012311753 11970 1.5524 13295 1733519787 ' ,12 ' 1291 25004109,4511 509551941001413125 3.328613972 1140916113 *24 30893522-5361 5692 6833 8342 8792 1102511211 11548 1191413987 15442 13222349 29705632 6349.7577 8782 91139267 937612042 12943 16680 16970 21321 . 26 67361196021455 27 212315672.19550' 18 5975 11635 20395, ' 52 67392148918997 32 sue 35779 20674, 33 2220 1783818533' m 3025 9342 9922..
35. 2728.5359 12142 . , 252966669264 , . .

38 107361239316539' 30' 1075 240713858 . 41 9355 1544716839 42 1-1.3a43.033419286 43 .41010421.11286 44 .4880 10431 12208.' 45 292011993 12442*
= 46 7356 28362 18772. =
414t 79011494d'.

49 4639 865248871. =
*__16787.130422,29246*___ _ Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

16 st '.524111079 11640 .12 ; 15592916 1511-1 54 ' 1039415161717073 55 :1107.5049125741 56 ; 78051881817905 57 11891576717764:
'.5ai 582312921 14316 59 i 11080 2039020924 . 10 ; 56611265 '17411.
-it 12459457 Gisz :62. 28601093514756 _ 54 152912955.15902.
.55 I 41517593735 .57 ili232915794153195 $3 8067 14589 18804 70 , 12445877 6085 71 up9728349 &KW

23 !_ 34M5693112076 74¨ ' 135421527320581------73 1 9(15813552 28798 '77 I 42804507 15517 79 i 3$33754I5575 la 105.544512912 15. C-9758-10621 19814"
: 1.593911318 19941 =
=
1.463.41756218289 :92 .54559 11119 17447 , .93 1182 Ot372.16516 94 655817115.111100 so '21331190717587 '97 65491442845175 Ice S941914 12003 101 '17825419 12448 ¨
1.02 177E17946 52,44, 50],õ: 7.314 /2139 14519 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

17 lot JAM MI6 20959 3.05 7943 145490.1591137 5005-8153, MOSS
107 3.773o is Os 2tsa 1og, 4723,8134330312 tti36,5716264511)&76 110 1444037a53 sit 12634B-334774 33,z 25221081345157 la 3, 15,75234B49=18959 114. 7,13,43,23 ms3:
115.=3365143311SW
Lis 2,601X14111623 117 IA1221672416792, ti-. 421 Pee 18171 3.3.31* 5901937920721 In another example, when the length Nidric of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 10/15, and M is 360, the indexes of rows where 1 exists in the 0th column of the ith column group of the information word submatrix 210 are defined as shown in Table 7 below.
[Table 7]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

18 i Index of row where 1 is located in the 0th column of the ith column group 1 2341 2559.2643 2816 2865 5137 5331 7000 7523 8023 10439 10797 13208 19592. 20904 8 734 1001 1283 4959 10016 10176 10973 11578:12051 15550 15915 19022 9 745 4057 5855 9885 10594 10989 13156 13219 .13351 13631 13685 14577 13 1663 3247 5003 5760 7186 7360 10346 1421114717 147.92 15155 16128 20962 .21556 5009 5632 6531 9430 9886 10621 11765.13969 16178 16413 18110 18249 20616 20759

19 1042 1832 2545 2719 2947 3672 3700 6249 6398 6833 11114 14283 17694 21 854 1294 2436.2852 4903 6466 7761 9072 9564 10321 13638 15658 16946 22 194 899.1711 2408 27865391 7108 8079 8716.1145.3 17303 19484 20989 24 736 2424 4792 5600 6370 10061 16053 16775 18600.

33 14300 15765 16752 =

36 :2007 14510 20599 5781 11588,18888 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 _ 55 9568 10122 15945 95 4573 Ne0 13507 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

20 In another example, when the length Nmpc of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 12/15, and M is 360, the indexes of rows where 1 exists in the Oth column of the lth column group of the information word submatrix 210 are defined as shown in Table 8 below.
[Table 8]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

21 I Index of row where 1 k located in the 0th column of the ith column Toup . _ 0 534147162:1 .1857.3338 3568 2723 41855126 5889 7737 .8632 8949 9726.
1 22144.5 590 3779-3835 6919 7743 8280. 8448. 3491 9967 10042 1124112917 2 46524837 49005029 5449 5637 5751 8684 9935 11681 11811 11885 12089,12900 2 24181012. 3647 4210 4473 7449.7502 9490 10067 11092 11139 11256 12201 4. 2591 2947 33492405.44174519 51766672.84913 8863 9201 11291 12.376 12134 2:7101197 290 871 1727 3911 5411 '6076 8.701. 93501.0316.1079812439 6 1755 2.897 2923-3584 3901 4048 5953 70547132 9155 10184113824 11278 12669 7 21833740 4803 52175660'6375'6987 8219 8466 9019 10353 10583 11118 12762.
8 731594, 2145 271.52501 3572 3639 3725 6859.7187 810610120.10507 10691.
9 246 732 121511852788 2830 3499 3881 4199 4991:6425 7061 9956 10491 . 10 3115681828:34244319 4515 1539 1018 9702 10293 1043311249 11918 12458;
11 2024 2970 3048 3638 36704132 5224 5774 5926.9426 9943 10873 1178711837'

22 10491218 1551 2328 3493 4353 5750,6433 7613 87132 9738 9503 11744 12.937 13 1193.2060 2229 2964 3473 4592 47906709 7162.8211 8326 11140 11908'12243 14 9732121 2438.3332 385045396557.8745.9556 97601016110542 10711 12539 24632939' 3117.3247 3711 5393 5844 5932 7801 101.92 10228 11498 1216212941 26. 1781 22292276 3523 3582 3951 5279 5774 7920 9324 10920 11038 17340 12449 17 2.83 184-1681 2230;3464 3811.5958 26562942 9003 10195 11425.11945 12916 la 155 354 1090 13302002.2236.3559 3705 4922 5958'6675 6564 9972 12750 3449 3617 4408 4602 4727,6182 8835:8928 9372 9644 10237 10747 11655 12745 21 81.1 2565 28202677 8974 963241069.'11548 11839 12107 12411.12695 12812 12890' .
22. 9724123,1943 1385 1149 7339 7477 8379 5177 9359 10074 11709 '12552 12831 342.9731541 2262'2905 5276 5758'7099 7894 8128 8325 8663 887510090' = 24 -.474791 958 3902 4924.4955.5085 5908 5105 6329 7931 9138 3401 10563 25 13974451 4698 5911. 6037 7127,73M 8678 8924 9000 9473 9602 10446 12692 26 1314.7371 12801 .
27 1a914447 7972:
28 633 125710597' 29 .1843 5101.110313 3294.802Z 10513.
31 110-8 10374 lams.
31 5353 7224 20112.-' 34 77329473 206031 . 35 29979418.9581.
36 5iri 6523.1122r 37 19665214 9899. . . . . . .
38. 540385327 =483 7229 7548; .
, 42 7865 8239 9804 42 191511093 11.400 43 5180 7096 9481' _ Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 44 '1431.5786 8924 48 -1915'2903 4005 50. "2594 9998 22742 52 853. 3281 3762 1.=
54 .3682 6662 12047 55 , 4133 5775 9657 55 228,6874 11183 57 7433172311)304 58 7735 &an 12734 60 '3909 7163 12804 _ _ 64 2645 1667 446%

66 244 1355 4691.

OW '250925910603 72 7661=8875,11451, '73 4023 61086911 74 8621 10184 21550 .
¨
75 '67261886112348 77 =1 1137 5358 , 78 391.2424 8537 82 '28033114,12808 33 9578 9642 11539. . . .
84 _829 4585 7923-85, 5.97.379. 55.76 87 . ,1175 4744,17719 _ 38 .2092518.6756:.
85 '2105 10526 11153 90 5192166961.0749 M .6260 7641 6233 =
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

23 94 65741044* 12160 95 zri41.075.5 12780 9i 392 3338 21417 100 1067 791* 8934 log 5504 6/93 16/71 112 1253 9585,12912 113 37447898 10646.

,125 60956265 12349 133 5252 7543.12411 134 516 7/79 3.0940 130 78708117 van 141 ai41 9035 12555 142 3903 5485 999,2 In the above-described examples, the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and the code rate is 6/15, 8/15, 10/15, and 12/15. However, this is merely an example and the position of 1 in Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

24 the information word submatrix 210 may be defined variously when the length of the LDPC
codeword is 16200 or the code rate has different values.
According to an exemplary embodiment, even when the order of numbers in a sequence corresponding to the ith column group of the parity check matrix 200 as shown in the above-described Tables 4 to 8 is changed, the changed parity check matrix is a parity check matrix used for the same code. Therefore, a case in which the order of numbers in the sequence corresponding to the it column group in Tables 4 to 8 is changed is covered by the inventive concept.
= According to an exemplary embodiment, even when the arrangement order of sequences corresponding to each column group is changed in Tables 4 to 8, cycle characteristics on a graph of a code and algebraic characteristics such as degree distribution are not changed. Therefore, a case in which the arrangement order of the sequences shown in Tables 4 to 8 is changed is also covered by the inventive concept.
In addition, even when a multiple of Qicipc is equally added to all sequences corresponding to a certain column group in Tables 4 to 8, the cycle characteristics on the graph of the code or the algebraic characteristics such as degree distribution are not changed.
Therefore, a result of equally adding a multiple of Okipc to the sequences shown in Tables 4 to 8 is also covered by the inventive concept. However, it should be noted that, when the resulting value obtained by adding the multiple of Qkipc to a given sequence is greater than or equal to (Nlidpc-Kidp,), a value obtained by applying a modulo operation for (N1dpe-Ktdpe) to the resulting value should be applied instead.
Once positions of the rows where 1 exists in the Oth column of the ith column group of the information word submatrix 210 are defined as shown in Tables 4 to 8, positions of rows where 1 exists in another column of each column group may be defined since the positions of the rows where 1 exists in the Oth column are cyclic-shifted by Qidpc in the next column.
For example, in the case of Table 4, in the 0th column of the 0th column group of the information word submatrix 210, 1 exists in the 1606th row, 3402nd row, 4961st In this case, since Qidpc.,--(Nidpc-Kidr.c)/M464800-25920)/360=108, the indexes of the rows where 1 is located in the 1st column of the Oth column group may be 1714(=1606+108), 3510(=3402+108), 5069(=4961-F108),..., and the indexes of the rows where 1 is located in the 2hd column of the Oth column group may be 1822(=1714+108), 3618(.3510+108), 5177(=5069+108),....
Date Regue/Date Received 2021-10-07

25 In the above-described method, the indexes of the rows where 1 is located in all rows of each column group may be defined.
The parity submatrix 220 of the parity check matrix 200 shown in FIG. 2 may be defined as follows:
The parity submatrix 220 includes N1-K1 number number of columns (that is, Kkipcth column to (Nipdc-1)th column), and has a dual diagonal or staircase configuration.
Accordingly, the degree of columns except the last column (that is, (Nidpc-1)6 column) from among the columns included in the parity submatrix 220 is 2, and the degree of the last column is 1.
As a result, the information word submatrix 210 of the parity check matrix 200 may be defined by Tables 4 to 8, and the parity submatrix 220 of the parity check matrix 200 may have a dual diagonal configuration.
When the columns and rows of the parity check matrix 200 shown in FIG. 2 are permutated based on Equation 4 and Equation 5, the parity check matrix shown in FIG. 2 may be changed to a parity check matrix 300 shown in FIG. 3.
(0 i <m,05. j Qkõ,c)... (4) K ldpc Qldpc k +1 K !roc + M = 1+ k (0 < M ,0 1 < Qupc) (5) The method for permutating based on Equation 4 and Equation 5 will be explained below.
Since row permutation and column permutation apply the same principle, the row permutation will be explained by the way of an example.
In the case of the row permutation, regarding the Xth row, i and j satisfying X = adpc X i + fare calculated and the VI' row is permutated by assigning the calculated i and j to Mx j+i. For example, regarding the 7th row, i and j satisfying 7 = 2 x i + j are 3 and 1, respectively. Therefore, the 7th row is permutated to the 136 row (10 x1+ 3 =13 ).
When the row permutation and the column permutation are performed in the above-described method, the parity check matrix of FIG. 2 may be converted into the parity check matrix of FIG.
3.
Referring to FIG. 3, the parity check matrix 300 is divided into a plurality of partial blocks, and a quasi-cyclic matrix of M xM corresponds to each partial block.
Accordingly, the parity check matrix 300 having the configuration of FIG. 3 is formed of matrix units of M x M. That is, the submatrices of M x M are arranged in the plurality of partial Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

26 blocks, constituting the parity check matrix 300.
Since the parity check matrix 300 is formed of the quasi-cyclic matrices of MxM, M
number of columns may be referred to as a column block and M number of rows may be referred to as a row block. Accordingly, the parity check matrix 300 having the configuration of FIG. 3 is formed of Nqc ediumn=NidpciM number of column blocks and Nq,=Npuity/M number of row blocks.
Hereinafter, the submatrix of M xM will be explained.
First, the (Nqc_column-1) th column block of the Oth row block has a form shown in Equation 6 presented below:
0 0 ... 0 0 10.,.00 A = 0 1 ... 00 0 0 ... 1 0 As described above, A 330 is an MxM matrix, values of the 0th row and the (M-1)th column are all "0", and, regarding 0< i<(M-2), the (i+1)th row of the ith column is "1" and the other values are "0".
Second, regarding 0<i<(Nidpe-Kidp,)/M-1 in the parity submatrix 320, the ith row block of the (KidixiM
+i)111 column block is configured by a unit matrix /,õõõ, 340. In addition, regarding 0<i<(Nidpc-Kidpc)/M-2, the (i-i-1)th row block of the (Kidpc/M+i)th column block is configured by a unit matrix /,õ, 340.
Third, a block 350 constituting the information word submatrix 310 may have a cyclic-shifted format of a cyclic matrix P, P 41 , or an added format of the cyclic-shifted matrix P of the cyclic matrix P (or an overlapping format).
For example, a format in which the cyclic matrix P is cyclic-shifted to the right by 1 may be expressed by Equation 7 presented below:

001...0 P=
000...1 - = = = (7) Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

27 The cyclic matrix P is a square matrix having an M xM size and is a matrix in which a weight of each of M number of rows is 1 and a weight of each of M number of columns is 1.
When aki is 0, the cyclic matrix P, that is, P indicates a unit matrix 'M',' and when aij is co, 13 is a zero matrix.
A submatrix existing where the ith row block and the jth column block intersect in the parity check matrix 300 of FIG. 3 may be Pa" . Accordingly, i and j indicate the number of row blocks and the number of column blocks in the partial blocks corresponding to the information word.
Accordingly, in the parity check matrix 300, the total number of columns is INlidpc=Mx Nqc_cdurnm and the total number of rows is Npanty=M x Nqc_row. That is, the parity check matrix 300 is formed of Nqc_cotumn number of "column blocks" and Nqc_row number of "row blocks".
Hereinafter, a method for performing LDPC encoding based on the parity check matrix 200 as shown in FIG. 2 will be explained. An LDPC encoding process when the parity check matrix 200 is defined as shown in Table 4 by way of an example will be explained for the convenience of explanation.
First, when information word bits having a length of Kid are [io, 2, =
iKwe_1], and parity bits having a length of Nidpc-Kkipc are [Po, P17 ], the LDPC encoding is performed by the following process.
Step 1) Parity bits are initialized as '0'. That is, po= pi= 132=...= Pkix-Kko,..1 =0.
Step 2) The 0th information word bit io is accumulated in a parity bit having the address of the parity bit defined in the first row (that is, the row of i=0) of table 4 as the index of the parity bit.
This may be expressed by Equation 8 presented below:
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

28 P1606 = P16060 0 P24533= P 24533 0 i 0 P3402= P3402e1 0 P25376= P25376 0 i 0 P4961 = P4961010 P25667= P25667010 P6751 = P6751010 P26836.= P= 26836 0 i P7132= P7132010 P31799= P31799810 P11516 = P11516 e'0 P34173= P34173 0 i 0 P12300= P12300 Oi 0 P35462= P35462 0 i P12482= P1248210 P36153= P= 36153@0 P12592= P12592 0 i 0 P36740= P 36740 0 i 0 l3342= P13342 0 i 0 P37085= P37085010 P13764= P13764 e10 P37152= P37152810 P14123= P14123 I0 P37468= P37468010 P21576= P21576 010 P37658= P= 37658010 P23946= P23946 0 0 =
= = .(8) Herein, io is a 0th information word bit, p, is an ith parity bit, and e is a binary operation.
According to the binary operation, le 1 equals 0, 1 ED 0 equals 1, 0 e 1 equals 1, 0 0 equals 0.
Step 3) The other 359 information word bits in, (m=1, 2, ..., 359) are accumulated in the parity bit. The other information word bits may belong to the same column group as that of io. In this case, the address of the parity bit may be determined based on Equation 9 presented below:
(x + (m mod 360) x adr)MOC(N K idpc) . . . (9) Herein, x is an address of a parity bit accumulator corresponding to the information word bit je, and (Li, is a size by which each column is cyclic-shifted in the information word submatrix, and may be 108 in the case of table 4. In addition, since m=1, 2, ..., 359, (m mod 360) in Equation 9 may be regarded as m.
As a result, information word bits in, (m=1,2,..., 359) are accumulated in the parity bits having the address of the parity bit calculated based on Equation 9 as the index. For example, an operation as shown in Equation 10 presented below may be performed for the information word bit Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

29 P1714 = P1714 1 P24641= P24641 i 1 P3510 P35100 1 P25484= P25484 0 1 P5059 = P50690 i 1 P25775= P25775 e i 1 P6859 = P68590 i 1 P25944= P25944 1 P7240 = P72400 i 1 P31907= P31907 011 P11624= P11624 0 i 1 P34281= P34281 0 i 1 P12408= P12408 0 i 1 P35570= P35570 011 P12590= P12590 011 P36261= 36261e'1P
P12700= P12700 ei 1 P36848= P36848 i 1 P13450= P13450 0 i 1 P37193= P37193 011 P13872= P13872 eil P37260= P37260 0 i 1 P14231= P14231 011 P37576= P37576 0 i 1 P21684 P21684 0i 1 P37766= P37766 0i 1 P24054= P24054 0 i 1 ...(10) Herein, i is a 1st information word bit, pi is an ith parity bit, and is a binary operation.
According to the binary operation, 19 1 equals 0, 14: 0 equals 1, 0 8 1 equals 1, oe 0 equals 0.
Step 4) The 360th information word bits 1360 is accumulated in a parity bit having the address of the parity bit defined in the 2nd row (that is, the row of i=1) of table 4 as the index of the parity bit.
Step 5) The other 359 information word bits belonging to the same group as that of the information word bit i360 are accumulated in the parity bit. In this case, the address of the parity bit may be determined based on Equation 9. However, in this case, x is the address of the parity bit accumulator corresponding to the information word bit i360.
Step 6) Steps 4 and 5 described above are repeated for all of the column groups of table 4.
Step 7) As a result, a parity bit pi is calculated based on Equation 11 presented below. In this case, i is initialized as 1.
pi= pie) N ¨ tdp, ¨1... (11) In Equation 11, pi is an ith parity bit, Nidpc is a length of an LDPC
codeword, Kit is a length of an information word of the LDPC codeword, and ED is a binary operation.
As a result, the encoder 110 may calculate the parity bits according to the above-described Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

30 method.
In another example, a parity check matrix according to an exemplary embodiment may have a configuration as shown in FIG. 4.
Referring to FIG. 4, the parity check matrix 400 may be formed of 5 matrices A, B, C, Z, and D. Hereinafter, the configuration of each matrix will be explained to explain the configuration of the parity check matrix 400.
First, M1, M2, Qt, and Q2, which are parameter values related to the parity check matrix 400 as shown in FIG. 4, may be defined as shown in table 9 presented below according to the length and the code rate of the LDPC codeword.
[Table 9]
Rate. Length Sizes 1080 11.880 3 33 1800. 50040 5 139 16200, 720 10080. 2 28 = 16200 1080 8640 3 24 6/15 ' 64800 1080 . 37800 3 105 The matrix A is formed of K number of columns and g number of rows, and the matrix C is formed of K+g number of columns and N-K-g number of rows. Herein, K is a length of information word bits, and N is a length of the LDPC codeword.
Indexes of rows where 1 is located in the 0th column of the ith column group in the matrix A
and the matrix C may be defined based on table 10 according to the length and the code rate of the LDPC codeword. In this case, an interval at which a pattern of a column is repeated in each of the matrix A and the matrix C, that is, the number of columns belonging to the same group, may be 360.
For example, when the length N of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and the code rate is 6/15, the indexes of rows where 1 is located in the 0th column of the ith column group in the matrix A
and the matrix C are defined as shown in table 10 presented below:
[Table 10]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

31 Index of row where us located in the 0th column of the ith column group :0 712733566867.11964 1737a 13159 26410 284642E477 '2 233765 904 1366 3875 1314515405 18620 2391930825.
'3 100224 405 127761386814787 16781 23886 29099 31419 .4 23496.891 2512 12589 14074 19392-20339 27658 28684:
. 5 47371/75912854374 98981255113814 24242 32728 511557 31511823 17106-17500 19138 22315 zoos 26448 7 45 733 8.36 1923 3727174M 25746 3380535995 35657 8 = 17417 675267039125145'13609 239953107536624 9 72751773 153,71732428512 30666-30934 3101631849 ,2S734594'14041 1914124914 26864 28809 32Q55 34753 ii .99 241 491 26509670 17433 177391898322235 30742.
= 12 198299 655 5737830410917 16092 19387 2075537690' 14 54332 3732010 3332 562316301 34337.36451 37851 139257106811090'20189 2.9694:29732.3264035133 36404 = 13 457 8859021154956 5422 5949 1757026671 32387 - 17 137571)5195006 6099797514429 1550 25443 32789 r 18 46282 287162581831520258 27186 2745428429 18266 19 4454881058 13689978112.54 20354 2469.5 31382835330 134 9C0 93112518 14644 17715.19523 21111. 33858 34570 -21 6266 5868020-.20270 23831 31041 31965 32224 35189 = .24 527 558332 3867 5311 8317108E3 18466 1E42725377 = W. = 339 536 1015 57266916 1054614487 21156 21123 32614 , 27 453830 10787511 1116112152 1.2705 1746128367 44632.
= /5 /12515 9595591E022 33E21400823445 25127 2901/.
19 . 37 19378110257738 11157 22276 227612E23130394 _30 .234 257 1045 1307 2908 6337 26530 28142 3412935997:
.31 _35'46978991299781256717843 24194 34187 35206

-32 39969987 502710347 1465718859 28075 28214-36323:

33. 275477823 11376180712899730521 31661 3194112116

34 115580 966 11733 12013 12760 13351 19372.12534 35504 ^ 35 7-608911046 11150 203513 21631.29930 3101433050.34340 , 36; = 3=60389 10575316 5918 14186 16404r5144534021 35771 t 37 306344679 52246674 10105 18751 255833058836943".
38 103 171 10168701174112144 1947(120955 22495 27377 .39 818832 884 3883 14279 14487 22505 28129'28719 31246-40 .2.1541L7505886 25612 28556 322131214)4 35901 36130 . 41 229489 106723855SW 2Mfis 23431 243102 30147 32859' 42 288664 980 8138 8531 21676.23187 26708 28798.34490' 43 -89552 847 56589889 23949 2622517089.31236 3÷23 44 '6642443 3339%13 1477 14944-1546419185 25963 45 605875 93i15662 175692560 28220.3343235738 37382 ' 46 346 423 806 56697668 8789 9928 19724 24039 21693 ; 47 = 46 450 1055.3512.7389 754920216 221602822135431 48 18m3&- 824 1516450813568 19683 21150.30311 33480 .2575893528568187 9052.21850 29941'8321714293 50 34952411.625981895 6435897410649 1532.1.7378 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 51 3364117871 3582 9630 10885=14392 18027-19203 36659, 52 1768010g 17301937927064 .2.8164 28720 3225725495 55.. 234 a9py1i75 9431.9605-9760 0113 11332 12679 24266.
54 . 516 638733585119871'22740 2579136152 3266935566' 55 ,253 8,30.879 2066 15885 22952 23765253891465637293 56' 94954.99820O33369 6870 732119856.31373 3488W
57: :79 350933 4853 525211932.12058 21631 24552 24876 58' :246647778 4936 19391,10656 13194 32335.32360.34179, 59! :149 33 9436 6971-835687151157722376 226134 31249 =
Ee. = 36 149 220 6936 1840B 19192 1928623063,28411 35312' 61:, 273 6831042 6327.10011 18041 21704 2O97 3,6791,33.4.4 6.1' 46 138 7222701 10164 13002 19930 26625 2E4%28165";
62: . 121009 1040 1990 2130 5392. 21215226251201129288 64. 125 241'811.2245 3199 841521133 267862722638838 65' 45476 1075-739615.141'20414 31244 33336 35004 38391 66 :432578667.-1343 10466 11.314 115O723314 2772034465 67. .248.291.555.1971.3989 891212000 19998 23932-34652 68., :68 694 837 2246747278711107512868 2093735591 = 272924 94/.2030 4360:62039737,19705 1902.5E09 70:' 21314.979 2311:26324109:19527 2192031413:34277 = 71 197 253104:1249,4315 1002114358 20559:270993057_5;
72 = . 9802 16164 17,499 22378 2240322704 26742 25108.
73: . 9064 10104 12305 14157:16156. 2600 2.2613.24326 . 74- 5178 631910239.193462562B 30577 31110:32291' In the above-described example, the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and the code rate 6/15. However, this is merely an example and the indexes of rows where 1 is located in the Oth column of the ith column group in the matrix A and the matrix C may be defined variously when the length of the LDPC codeword is 16200 or the code rate has different values.
Hereinafter, positions of rows where 1 exists in the matrix A and the matrix C
will be explained with reference to table 10 by way of an example.
Since the length N of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and the code rate is 6/15 in table 10, M1=1080, M2=37800, Qi=3, and 02=105 in the parity check matrix 400 defined by table 10 with reference to table 9.
Herein, Qi is a size by which columns of the same column group are cyclic-shifted in the matrix A, and 02 is a size by which columns of the same column group are cyclic-shifted in the matrix C.
In addition, 01=Mi/L, 02=M2/L, Mi=g, and M2=N-K-g, and L is an interval at which a pattern of a column is repeated in the matrix A and the matrix C, and for example, may be 360.
The index of the row where 1 is located in the matrix A and the matrix C may be determined based on the Mi value.
For example, since M1=1080 in the case of table 10, the positions of the rows where 1 exists Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 in the 0th column of the ith column group in the matrix A may be determined based on values smaller than 1080 from among the index values of table 10, and the positions of the rows where 1 exists in the 0th column of the ith column group in the matrix C may be determined based on values greater than or equal to 1080 from among the index values of table 10.
Specifically, in table 10, the sequence corresponding to the Oth column group is "71, 276, 856, 6867, 12964, 17373, 18159, 26420, 28460, 28477". Accordingly, in the case of the 0th column of the 0th column group of the matrix A, 1 may be located in the 71st row, 276th row, and 856th row, and, in the case of the Oth column of the 0th column group of the matrix C, 1 may be located in the 6867th row, 12964th row, 17373'I row, 18159th row, 26420th row, 28460' row, and 28477th row.
Once positions of 1 in the 0th column of each column group of the matrix A are defined, positions of rows where 1 exists in another column of each column group may be defined by cyclic-shifting from the previous column by Q1. Once positions of 1 in the 0th column of each column group of the matrix C are defined, position of rows where 1 exists in another column of each column group may be defined by cyclic-shifting from the previous column by Q2.
In the above-described example, in the case of the 0th column of the 0th column group of the matrix A, 1 exists in the 71st row, 276th row, and 856th row. In this case, since Q1=3, the indexes of rows where 1 exists in the 1st column of the 0th column group are 74(=71+3), 279(.276+3), and 859(=856+3), and the index of rows where 1 exists in the 2'1 column of the 0th column group are 77(=74+3), 282 (=279+3), and 862(=859+3).
In the case of the Oth column of the 0th column group of the matrix C, 1 exists in the 6867th row, 12964th row, 17373"1 row, 18159th row, 26420th row, 28460th row, and 28477th row. In this case, since 02=105, the index of rows where 1 exists in the lst column of the Oth column group are 6972(=6867+105), 13069(.12964+105), 17478(=17373+105), 18264(=18159+105), 26525(=26420+105), 28565(=28460+105), 28582(=28477+105), and the indexes of rows where 1 exists in the ri column of the 0th column group are 7077(.6972+105), 13174(.13069+105), 17583(.17478+105), 18369(=18264+105), 26630(=26525+105), 28670(=28565+105), 28687(=28582+105).
In this method, the positions of rows where 1 exists in all column groups of the matrix A and the matrix C are defined.
The matrix B may have a dual diagonal configuration, the matrix D may have a diagonal Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07 configuration (that is, the matrix D is an identity matrix), and the matrix Z
may be a zero matrix.
As a result, the parity check matrix 400 shown in FIG. 4 may be defined by the matrices A, B, C, D, and Z having the above-described configurations.
Hereinafter, a method for performing LDPC encoding based on the parity check matrix 400 shown in FIG. 4 will be explained. An LDPC encoding process when the parity check matrix 400 is defined as shown in Table 10 by way of an example will be explained for the convenience of explanation.
For example, when an information word block S=(so, SKI) is LDPC-encoded, an LDPC codeword A =
A.õ...,2,,,_,)=(sõsõ...,Sõ,p0,pi,...,Pm,,m2_1) including a parity bit P=(1)43,P1,¨,Pmi+m2-0 may be generated.
M1 and M2 indicate the size of the matrix B having the dual diagonal configuration and the size of the matrix C having the diagonal configuration, respectively, and Mi=g, M2=N-K-g.
A process of calculating a parity bit is as follows. In the following explanation, the parity check matrix 400 is defined as shown in table 10 by way of an example, for the convenience of explanation.
Step 1) X and p are initialized as ?1=s1 (i=0,1,..., K-1), pi=0 (j=0,1,..., M1+M2-1).
Step 2) The Oth information word bit X0 is accumulated in the address of the parity bit defined in the first row (that is, the row of i=0) of table 10. This may be expressed by Equation 12 presented below:
P71= P710 0 P17373= P173730 X0 P276= P276 0 0 P18159= Pi8iss0Xo PM= P lt P26420= P26420 0 A- 0 p6867= p681 ,0 P28460= P284600 X0 P12984= P12964 0)\-0 P28477= P284770x0 ...(12) Step 3) Regarding the next L-1 number of information word bits X,.õ (m=1, 2, ..., L-1), X,õ is accumulated in the parity bit address calculated based on Equation 13 presented below:
(x +mx Qi)modMi (if x <MO
M1 +{(¨M1 +m x Q2)modM2} (if x )...(13) Herein, x is an address of a parity bit accumulator corresponding to the 0th information word bit 4.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

35 In addition, Qi=MilL and Q2=M2/L. In addition, since the length N of the LDPC
codeword is 64800 and the code rate is 6/15 in table 10, M1=1080, M2=37800, Qi=3, Q2=105, and L=360 with reference to table 9.
Accordingly, an operation as shown in Equation 14 presented below may be performed for the 1st information word bit P74= P740 A, 1 P17478= P17478 A. 1 P2791.7* P279 A-1 P18264= P18264 OA- 1 P859= P859 A-1 P26525= P26525 A- 1 P6972 = P69720A- 1 P28565= P28565 0 A- 1 P13069= P13069 0 A- 1 P28582= P28582 e ...(14) Step 4) Since the same address of the parity bit as in the second row (that is the row of i=1) of table 10 is given to the Lth information word bit XL, in a similar method to the above-described method, the address of the parity bit regarding the next L-1 number of information word bits A, (m=L+1, L+2, 2L4) is calculated based on Equation 13. In this case, x is the address of the parity bit accumulator corresponding to the information word bit XL, and may be obtained based on the second row of table 10.
Step 5) The above-described processes are repeated for L number of new information word bits of each group by considering new rows of table 10 as the address of the parity bit accumulator.
Step 6) After the above-described processes are repeated for the codeword bits Xo to 44, values regarding Equation 15 presented below are calculated in sequence from i=1:
P, = ED P,i(i =1,2,...,M, ¨1) ...(15) Step 7) Parity bits /LK to corresponding to the matrix B having the dual diagonal configuration are calculated based on Equation 16 presented below:
2K+Lxt+s = PQ,xS+t (0 s <L,0 t <Q1) ...(16) Step 8) The address of the parity bit accumulator regarding L number of new codeword bits A.K to 2K+mi_1 of each group is calculated based on table 10 and Equation 13.
Step 9) After the codeword bits Xic to Ax+mi_i are calculated, parity bitsKM
to .11e+m1+m24 corresponding to the matrix C having the diagonal configuration are calculated based on Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

36 Equation 17 presented below:
il'IC+Mi+Lxt+s = P (0 5_ s <L,0 5_ t <Q2) ...(17) As a result, the parity bits may be calculated in the above-described method.
Referring back to FIG. 1, the encoder 110 may perform the LDPC encoding by using various code rates such as 3/15, 4/15, 5/15, 6/15, 7/15, 8/15, 9/15, 10/15, 11/15, 12/15, 13/15, etc. In addition, the encoder 110 may generate an LDPC codeword having various lengths such as 16200, 64800, etc., based on the length of the information word bits and the code rate.
In this case, the encoder 110 may perform the LDPC encoding by using the parity check matrix, and the parity check matrix is configured as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
In addition, the encoder 110 may perform Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem (BCH) encoding as well as LDPC encoding. To achieve this, the encoder 110 may further include a BCH encoder (not shown) to perform BCH encoding.
In this case, the encoder 110 may perform encoding in an order of BCH encoding and LDPC
encoding. Specifically, the encoder 110 may add BCH parity bits to input bits by performing BCH encoding and LDPC-encodes the information word bits including the input bits and the BCH parity bits, thereby generating the LDPC codeword.
The interleaver 120 interleaves the LDPC codeword. That is, the interleaver 120 receives the LDPC codeword from the encoder 110, and interleaves the LDPC codeword based on various interleaving rules.
In particular, the interleaver 120 may interleave the LDPC codeword such that a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC
codeword (that is, a plurality of groups or a plurality of blocks) is mapped onto a predetermined bit of a modulation symbol. Accordingly, the modulator 130 may map a bit included in a predetermined group from among the plurality of groups of the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.
To achieve this, as shown in FIG. 5, the interleaver 120 may include a parity interleaver 121, a group interleaver (or a group-wise interleaver 122), a group twist interleaver 123 and a block interleaver 124.
The parity interleaver 121 interleaves the parity bits constituting the LDPC
codeword.
Specifically, when the LDPC codeword is generated based on the parity check matrix 200 having the configuration of FIG. 2, the parity interleaver 121 may interleave only the parity bits Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

37 of the LDPC codeword by using Equations 18 presented below:
ci for 0<i<ICIdpc, and = c,c, ., for 05_s<M, 05_t<Q1dp, ... (18), where M is an interval at which a pattern of a column group is repeated in the information word submatrix 210, that is, the number of columns included in a column group (for example, M=360), and Oidp. is a size by which each column is cyclic-shifted in the information word submatrix 210. That is, the parity interleaver 121 performs parity interleaving with respect to the LDPC codeword c=(co, CN,oci), and outputs Uquo, UN4).
The LDPC codeword parity-interleaved in the above-described method may be configured such that a predetermined number of continuous bits of the LDPC codeword have similar decoding characteristics (cycle distribution, a degree of a column, etc.).
For example, the LDPC codeword may have the same characteristics on the basis of M
number of continuous bits. Herein, M is an interval at which a pattern of a column group is repeated in the information word submatrix 210 and, for example, may be 360.
Specifically, a product of the LDPC codeword bits and the parity check matrix should be "0".
This means that a sum of products of the ith LDPC codeword bit, c,;(i=0, 1, ..., N1dpc-1) and the ith column of the parity check matrix should be a "0" vector. Accordingly, the ith LDPC codeword bit may be regarded as corresponding to the ith column of the parity check matrix.
In the case of the parity check matrix 200 of FIG. 2, M number of columns in the information word submatrix 210 belong to the same group and the information word submatrix 210 has the same characteristics on the basis of a column group (for example, the columns belonging to the same column group have the same degree distribution and the same cycle characteristic).
In this case, since M number of continuous bits in the information word bits correspond to the same column group of the information word submatrix 210, the information word bits may be formed of M number of continuous bits having the same codeword characteristics. When the parity bits of the LDPC codeword are interleaved by the parity interleaver 121, the parity bits of the LDPC codeword may be formed of M number of continuous bits having the same codeword characteristics.
However, regarding the LDPC codeword encoded based on the parity check matrix 300 of FIG. 3 and the parity check matrix 400 of FIG. 4, parity interleaving may not be performed. In this case, the parity interleaver 121 may be omitted.
The group interleaver 122 may divide the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword into a plurality Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

38 of bit groups and rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise (or bit group unit). That is, the group interleaver 122 may interleave the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise.
To achieve this, the group interleaver 122 divides the parity-interleaved LDPC
codeword into a plurality of bit groups by using Equation 19 or Equation 20 presented below.
Xi ={, i 1 =[---k ,0 5 k < A T 4}for0 5 j < N ealip 360 ... (19) Xj = tuk 1360 x j k < 360 x (j +1),0 k < . I s I upcj for 5. j < N grõõp ...
(20) where Ngroup is the total number of bit groups, X is the jth bit group, and uk is the kth LDPC codeword bit input to the group interleaver 122.1n addition, ¨k is the largest integer below k/360.
i Since 360 in these equations indicates an example of the interval M at which the pattern of a column group is repeated in the information word submatrix, 360 in these equations can be changed to M.
The LDPC codeword which is divided into the plurality of bit groups may be as shown in FIG.
6.
Referring to FIG. 6, the LDPC codeword is divided into the plurality of bit groups and each bit group is formed of M number of continuous bits. When M is 360, each of the plurality of bit groups may be formed of 360 bits. Accordingly, the bit groups may be formed of bits corresponding to the column groups of the parity check matrix.
Specifically, since the LDPC codeword is divided by M number of continuous bits, Kldpc number of information word bits are divided into (Kidpc/M) number of bit groups and Nicipc-Kidpc number of parity bits are divided into (Nicipc-Kkipc)/M number of bit groups.
Accordingly, the LDPC codeword may be divided into (Nidpc/M) number of bit groups in total.
For example, when M=360 and the length INIkipc of the LDPC codeword is 16200, the number of groups Ngroupg constituting the LDPC codeword is 45(.16200/360), and, when M=360 and the length Nidpc of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the number of bit groups Ngroup constituting the LDPC codeword is 180(=64800/360).
As described above, the group interleaver 122 divides the LDPC codeword such that M
number of continuous bits are included in a same group since the LDPC codeword has the same codeword characteristics on the basis of M number of continuous bits.
Accordingly, when the Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

39 LDPC codeword is grouped by M number of continuous bits, the bits having the same codeword characteristics belong to the same group.
In the above-described example, the number of bits constituting each bit group is M. However, this is merely an example and the number of bits constituting each bit group is variable.
For example, the number of bits constituting each bit group may be an aliquot part of M. That is, the number of bits constituting each bit group may be an aliquot part of the number of columns constituting a column group of the information word submatrix of the parity check matrix. In this case, each bit group may be formed of aliquot part of M number of bits. For example, when the number of columns constituting a column group of the information word submatrix is 360, that is, M=360, the group interleaver 122 may divide the LDPC codeword into a plurality of bit groups such that the number of bits constituting each bit group is one of the aliquot parts of 360.
In the following explanation, the number of bits constituting a bit group is M
by way of an example, for the convenience of explanation.
Thereafter, the group interleaver 122 interleaves the LDPC codeword in bit group wise.
Specifically, the group interleaver 122 may group the LDPC codeword into the plurality of bit groups and rearrange the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise. That is, the group interleaver 122 changes positions of the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC
codeword and rearranges the order of the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC
codeword in bit group wise.
Herein, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise such that bit groups including bits mapped onto the same modulation symbol from among the plurality of bit groups are spaced apart from one another at predetermined intervals.
In this case, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by considering at least one of the number of rows and columns of the block interleaver 124, the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword, and the number of bits included in each bit group, such that bit groups including bits mapped onto the same modulation symbol are spaced apart from one another at predetermined intervals.
To achieve this, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of groups in bit group wise by using Equation 21 presented below:
Yi = X,01)(0 j < N ) gr "P . . . (21), Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

40 where Xi is the jth bit group before group interleaving, and Yi is the jth bit group after group interleaving. In addition, n(j) is a parameter indicating an interleaving order and is determined by at least one of a length of an LDPC codeword, a modulation method, and a code rate. That is, 7r(j) denotes a permutation order for group wise interleaving.
Accordingly, X,0 is a m(j)th bit group before group interleaving, and Equation 21 means that the pre-interleaving it(j)th bit group is interleaved into the jth bit group.
According to an exemplary embodiment, an example of 7r(j) may be defined as in Tables 11 to 22 presented below.
In this case, x(j) is defined according to a length of an LPDC codeword and a code rate, and a parity check matrix is also defined according to a length of an LDPC codeword and a code rate.
Accordingly, when LDPC encoding is performed based on a specific parity check matrix according to a length of an LDPC codeword and a code rate, the LDPC codeword may be interleaved in bit group wise based on 'E(j) satisfying the corresponding length of the LDPC
codeword and code rate.
For example, when the encoder 110 performs LDPC encoding at a code rate of 6/15 to generate an LDPC codeword of a length of 64800, the group interleaver 122 may perform interleaving by using Ir(j) which is defined according to the length of the LDPC codeword of 16200 and the code rate of 6/15 in tables 11 to 22 presented below.
For example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 6/15, and the modulation method(or modulation format) is 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), n(j) may be defined as in table 11 presented below. In particular, table 11 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 4.
[Table 11]
Order of bit groups to be block interleaved n(j) (0 j <180) j-th block of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 group-2, wise interleaver 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 output 69 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

41 14 5 6 1 5 7 1 1 6 1 t 8 1 1 716)-th 3 5 14 4 6 4 1 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 block of 4 3 group- 8 8 3 2 9 1 0 6 1 0 3 wise 12 1 9 1 1 3 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 interleaver 1 1 1 I 8 1 7 1 1 7 1 1 8 input 71 42 78 54 5 07 5 2 51 7 17 09 0 06 34 8 22 In the case of Table 11, Equation 21 may be expressed as Y0=X,0)=X55, Y1=-X710)=X146, Y2=X11(2)=X83, ===, Y178=Xx(178)=X132, and Y179=Xit(t79)=X1,35. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 55th bit group to the 0th bit group, the 146th bit group to the lot bit group, the 83rd bit group to the 21 bit group, ..., the 132hd bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 135th bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 8/15, and the modulation method is 16-QAM, x(j) may be defined as in table 12 presented below. In particular, table 12 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 5.
[Table 12]
j-th Order of bit groups to be block interleaved block of 71(j) (0 SJ < 180) group- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 wise interleaver 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 output 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

42 16 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 it(j)-th 92 1 6 6 2 2 2 2 6 5 7 5 4 block of group- 4 1 7 0 2 0 0 1 8 9 7 4 5 2 wise 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 interleaver ______________________________________________________________ input o 42 6 4 61 70 34 56 2 54 74 45 46 4 24 6 02 33 76 32 35 11 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 9 1 1' 1 1 1 In the case of Table 12, Equation 21 may be expressed as Y0=X.(0)=X5s, Yi=X41)=X55, Y2=X7,(2)=Xiii, =-=, Yi78=X/07s)=X171, and Yi79=X7079)=X155. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 58th bit group to the 0th bit group, the 55th bit group to the 1st bit group, the 1111h bit group to the 2nd bit group, ..., the 17166 bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 155th bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 10/15, and the modulation method is 16-QAM, n(j) may be defined as in table 13 presented below. In particular, table 13 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 6.
[Table 13]
j-th Order of bit groups to be block interleaved block of n(j) (0 j < 180) 1 1 1 I' I 1 1 1 1 1 2' 2 2 group- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

43 wise 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 interleaver -output 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 _ .

13 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n(j)-th 10 8 3 7 3 8 7 6 5 7 1 4 1 -block of group- 05 19 9 2 0 01 14 2 7 5 17 3 5 7 6 8 12 8 06 wise 16 7 1 5 2 6 1 7 1 6 2 2 1 0 8 8 9 3 4 9 9 34 3 4 (1 56 0 0 5 1 8 6 28 interleaver input 7 1 61 62 23 38 73 77 00 2 7 37 32 69 58 3 1 16 1 1 1 1 1- 1 1 1" 1 1 1 1 1 In the case of Table 13, Equation 21 may be expressed as Y0=Xn(0)=X74, Y1=Nto)=X53, Y2=X(2)=X84, = = 5 Y178=XX(178)=X159) and Yi79--.X,(l79)=X163. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 74th bit group to the 0th bit group, the 53'd bit group to the 1St bit group, the 84th bit group to the 2nd bit = =
group, ..., the 159th bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 163rd bit group to the 1791h Pit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 10/15, and the modulation method is 16-QAM, rt(j) may be defined as in table 14 presented below. In particular, table 14 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 7.
[Table 14]
j-th Order of bit groups to be block interleaved block of n(j) (0 j < 180) Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

44 group- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 wise interleaver 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 4 4 01143111 46 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 $

1 I 1' 1 - 1 1 1 _ 7CW-lh 38 7 1 5 8 1 1 7 7 6 4 9 3 9 block of to 3 8 2 group- 4 4 4 II 5 0 4 5 0 0 7 01 9 3 wise 3 1 5 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 interleaver In the case of Table 14, Equation 21 may be expressed as 170=Xõ(0)=X68, Yi=X,0)=X7i, Y2=X*2)=X54, = = =, Y178=X/078)=X135, and Yi79=X7079)=X24. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 68th bit group to the Oth bit group, the 71st bit group to the 1st bit group, the 54th bit group to the 2"1 bit group, ..., the 1351h bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 24th bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 12/15, and the modulation method is 16-QAM, Ir(j) may be defined as in table 15 presented below. In particular, table 15 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 8.
[Table 15]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

45 Order of bit groups to be block interleaved Ir(j) (0 j < 180) j-th 3 .. 3 .. 4 .. 4 .. 4 .. 4 .. 4 .. 4 block of 46 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 group- 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 wise 69 _ interleaver 9 9 9 92 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 output 4 5 12 3 3 1 7 3 6 1 3 1 1 6 2 8-* 1 1 8 7 7 8 I 4 3 block of 5 .. 1 .. 1 .. 9 .. 6 .. 1 .. 3 group- 04 24 2 0 18 4 4 1 wise 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 interleaver input 3 52 46 77 03 60 47 6 72 44 50 32 76 68 67 62 70 38 51 61 0 6 30 In the case of Table 15, Equation 21 may be expressed as Yo=-----xxorXi2o, Yi=Xxo)=X32, Y2=XA(2)=X38, = = =, Yi78=X1078)=Xioi, and Yr9=X7079)=X39. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 120th bit group to the 0th bit group, the 32nd bit group to the lst bit group, the 38th bit group to the 2"d bit group, ..., the 101st bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 39t bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 6/15, and the modulation method is 16-QAIVI, it(j) may be defined as in table 16 presented below. In particular, table 16 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

46 matrix defined by table 10.
[Table 16]
Order of bit groups to be block interleaved n(j) (0 j <180) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Et 9 j-th 23 block of group- 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 wise 69 interleaver 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 output _ 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 =13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1' 1 1 - 16 1 1 1 1 1 I 1¨ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 It(j)-th 6 1 1 4 1 1 6 6 8 3 1 6 8 block of group- 33 7 9 6 8 55 1 6 6 9 8 2 54 3 1 4 wise 14 3 2 2 1 3 6 1 1 3 5 9 1 1 interleaver input 66 7 61 74 9 3 1 39 8 2 9 49 15 01 27 2 58 69 1 3 3 3 1' 8 1 1' 1 1 9 `

In the case of Table 16, Equation 21 may be expressed as Y0=X0)=X163, Yi=Xxo)=Xioo, Y2=X742)=X138, 11178=Xx(178)=X148, and Yr79=X70.79)=X98. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 163rd bit group to the 0th bit group, the 160th bit group to the 1st bit group, the 138th bit group to the 2nd bit group, ..., the 148th bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 981h bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 6/15, Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

47 and the modulation method is 64-QAM, x(j) may be defined as in table 17 presented below. In particular, table 17 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 4.
[Table 171 Order of bit groups to be block interleaved rt(j) (0 j <180) j-th 23 block of group- 7 8 9 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 wise 69 (1 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 interleaver 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 output 6 7 11 1 1 r 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 SO 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 716)-th 16 I 5 6 5 6 5 - I 7 5 1 6 3 block of group- 3 8 8 229 37 0 3 66 5 7 42 74 5 49 8 45 2 69 0 33 63 19 wise 82 1 1 1 1 1 9 I 1 8 1 1 1 1 interleaver 8 7 1 1 1 - 9 1 9 r 1 1 1 1 input o 18 27 4 9 08 26 31 3 11 1 25 62 57 58 09 40 23 54 50 0 1 , In the case of Table 17, Equation 21 may be expressed as Yo.--X/0)--A29, Yi=Xx(1)=X17, Y2=X142)=X38, = = =, Y178=X1,078)=X117, and Y179=X71079)=X155. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 291h bit group to the Oth bit group, the 17th bit group to the 1St bit group, the 38th bit group to the 2nd bit group, ..., the 117th bit group to the 178111 bit group, and the 155th bit group to the 179th bit group.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

48 In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 8/15, and the modulation method is 64-QAM, n(j) may be defined as in table 18 presented below. In particular, table 18 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 5.
[Table 18]
Order of bit groups to be block interleaved n(j) (0 <180) j-th 23 block of 4 4 4 5 5 5 5- 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6- 6 6 e 6 6 - 6- 6 group- 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 wise 69 interleaver 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 output 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 _ 5 5 9 6 8 7" 7 4 n(j)-th 9 6 5 8 7 1 8 7 6 8 7 1 1 1 block of group- 21 08 39 42 4 4 0 57 59 36 43 9 40 63 50 75 14 1 2 5 45 8 wise 2 1 9 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 interleaver ______________________________________________________________ input 34 1 4 79 29 69 01 9 09 27 68 76 1 . -In the case of Table 18, Equation 21 may be expressed as Y0=X710)=X86, Yi=X1r0)=-X71, Y2=X(2)=X5i, ===9 Y178=Xx(178)=X174, and Yi79---X[079)=X12.8. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 861 bit group to the Oth bit group, the 711' bit group to the 11' bit group, the 5111 bit group to the 2nd bit Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

49 group, ..., the 174th bit group to the 1781h bit group, and the 1281h bit group to the 1791h bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 10/15, and the modulation method is 64-QAM, 7c(j) may be defined as in table 19 presented below. In particular, table 19 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 6.
[Table 19]
Order of bit groups to be block interleaved rt(j) (0 j <180) j-th 23 block of 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5- 5 5 5 5 group- 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 wise 69 (1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 interleavcr 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 output _ - _ rr(j)-th 8 5 6 7 1 8 1 6 1 1 6 4 - 1 8 block of -group- 7 7 8 1 5 3 17 7 10 2 4 2 18 7 8 wise 15 2 1 4 5 1 1 I 3 1 2 1 2 1 36 58 34 3 8 41 60 $
interleayer -= 0 9 input 54 1 69 1 71 62 39 75 29 5 67 31 In the case of Table 19, Equation 21 may be expressed as Yo=X70)=X73, Yi.--Xxo)=X36, Y2=Xx(2)=X2i, = = 11178=Xx(178)=X1491 and Yi79,---X7079)=X135. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 73rd Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

50 bit group to the 0th bit group, the 361h bit group to the 1St bit group, the 21' bit group to the 2nd bit group, ..., the 1491h bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 135th bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 10/15, and the modulation method is 64-QAM, n(j) may be defined as in table 20 presented below. In particular, table 20 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed 'based on the parity check matrix defined by table 7.
[Table 20]
Order of bit groups to be block interleaved n(j) (0 5_ j < 180) j-th 23 block of 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 group-wise 69 interleaver 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 output 3 4 7C(jD-th 1 6 1 1 3 1 5 1 3 9 7 9 1 8 block of group- N 7 Wise 19 0 8 5 interleaver input 6 5 1 0 1 68 21 53 40 52 35 74 In the case of Table 20, Equation 21 may be expressed as Yo=XE(0)=X113, Y1=Xx(i)=Xiis, Y2=Xn(2)=X47, == Yi78=X7078)=X13o, and Yr9=X7079)=X176. Accordingly, the group interleaver Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

51 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 113th bit group to the 0th bit group, the 115th bit group to the 11' bit group, the 47th bit group to the 2nd bit group, ..., the 130th bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 1761h bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 12/15, and the modulation method is 64-QAM, n(j) may be defined as in table 21 presented below. In particular, table 21 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 8.
[Table 21]
Order of bit groups to be block interleaved n(j) (0 j <180) t 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 j-th 23 block of 4 4 4 46 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 group- 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 wise 69 interleaver 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 output 3 4 13 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 f 1 1 1 71(i)-th 10 7 2 6 7 2 1 8 9 1 8 1 1 2 .. 4 .. 1 .. 5 .. 9 .. 2 .. 1 .. 4 .. 9 .. 4 block of group- 13 wise 29 interleaver input 6 23 14 0 07 78 45 73 6 44 30 76 71 75 25 9 62 59 0 64 15 69 72 5 61 51 19 22 52 57 37 =48 53 70 54 66 3 50 6 67 74 63 9 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6¨ 2 1 1 1 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

52 In the case of Table 21, Equation 21 may be expressed as Y0=X.(0)=X83, Yi=,c0)=X93, Y2=Xx(2)=X94, = = Y178=Xz(178)=X2, and Yr9=X7,079)=X14. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 831d bit group to the 0th bit group, the 93th bit group to the 1' bit group, the 941h bit group to the 2nd bit group, ..., the 2nd bit group to the 1781h bit group, and the 14th bit group to the 179th bit group.
In another example, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the code rate is 6/15, and the modulation method is 64-QAM, a(j) may be defined as in table 22 presented below. In particular, table 22 may be applied when LDPC encoding is performed based on the parity check matrix defined by table 10.
[Table 22]
Order of bit groups to be block interleaved 7r(j) (0 j <180) j-th 23 block of 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 - 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 group- 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 _ -wise 69 interleaver 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 output 6 7 - 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1' 1 1- 1 I 1 n(j)-th block of 64 55 1 02 3 1 1 7 1 26 7 6 group- 8 5 3 wise 7 1 7 1 4 3 3 2 1 4 6 4 1 3 interleaver 1 07 7 11 2 5 8 3 00 5 9 0 29 3 63 9 12 45 4 05 17 input 8 _ 1 3 7 , Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

53 I 2 1 60 1 35 1 32 1 34 4 46 1 4 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 " " 1 31 " 1 1 1 2 In the case of Table 22, Equation 21 may be expressed as Y0=X140)=X175, Y1=X710)=X177, Y2=Xõ(2)=X173, Yi78=Xic78)=X3i, and YI-T9=a7,(l79)=X72. Accordingly, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by changing the 175th bit group to the 0th bit group, the 177th bit group to the 1st bit group, the 173rd bit group to the 21th bit group, ..., the 31st bit group to the 178th bit group, and the 72" bit group to the 179th bit group.
In the above-described examples, the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and the code rate is 6/15, 8/15, 10/15, and 12/15. However, this is merely an example and the interleaving pattern may be defined variously when the length of the LDPC codeword is 16200 or the code rate has different values.
As described above, the group interleaver 122 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by using Equation 21 and Tables 11 to 22.
"j-th block of Group-wise Interleaver output" in tables 11 to 22 indicates the j-th bit group output from the group interleaver 122 after interleaving, and "rt(j)-th block of Group-wise Interleaver input" indicates the rc(j)-th bit group input to the group interleaver 122.
In addition, since the order of the bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is rearranged by the group interleaver 122 in bit group wise, and then the bit groups are block-interleaved by the block interleaver 124, which will be described below, "Order of bit groups to be block interleaved" is set forth in Tables 11 to 22 in relation to it(j).
The LDPC codeword which is group-interleaved in the above-described method is illustrated in FIG. 7. Comparing the LDPC codeword of FIG. 7 and the LDPC codeword of FIG.
6 before group interleaving, it can be seen that the order of the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is rearranged.
That is, as shown in FIGs. 6 and 7, the groups of the LDPC codeword are arranged in order of bit group X0, bit group X1, ..., bit group XNgr0up-1 before being group-interleaved, and are arranged in an order of bit group Yo, bit group Y1, ..., bit group Y
- Ngroup.1 after being group-interleaved. In this case, the order of arranging the bit groups by the group interleaving may be determined based on Tables 11 to 22.
The group twist interleaver 123 interleaves bits in a same group. That is, the group twist interleaver 123 may rearrange the order of the bits in the same bit group by changing the order of Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

54 the bits in the same bit group.
In this case, the group twist interleaver 123 may rearrange the order of the bits in the same bit group by cyclic-shifting a predetermined number of bits from among the bits in the same bit group.
For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the group twist interleaver 123 may cyclic-shift bits included in the bit group Y1 to the right by 1 bit. In this case, the bits located in the 0th position, the 1st position, the 2'1 position, ..., the 3586 position, and the 3591h position in the bit group Yi as shown in FIG. 8 are cyclic-shifted to the right by 1 bit. As a result, the bit located in the 359th position before being cyclic-shifted is located in the front of the bit group Y1 and the bits located in the 0th position, the 1.5t position, the 2n1 position, ..., the 358"
position before being cyclic-shifted are shifted to the right serially by 1 bit and located.
In addition, the group twist interleaver 123 may rearrange the order of bits in each bit group by cyclic-shifting a different number of bits in each bit group.
For example, the group twist interleaver 123 may cyclic-shift the bits included in the bit group Y1 to the right by 1 bit, and may cyclic-shift the bits included in the bit group Y2 to the right by 3 bits.
However, the above-described group twist interleaver 123 may be omitted according to circumstances.
In addition, the group twist interleaver 123 is placed after the group interleaver 122 in the above-described example. However, this is merely an example. That is, the group twist interleaver 123 changes only the order of bits in a certain bit group and does not change the order of the bit groups. Therefore, the group twist interleaver 123 may be placed before the group interleaver 122.
The block interleaver 124 interleaves the plurality of bit groups the order of which has been rearranged. Specifically, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the plurality of bit groups the order of which has been rearranged by the group interleaver 122 in bit group wise (or bits group unit). The block interleaver 124 is formed of a plurality of columns each including a plurality of rows and may interleave by dividing the plurality of rearranged bit groups based on a modulation order determined according to a modulation method.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the plurality of bit groups the order of which has been rearranged by the group interleaver 122 in bit group wise.
Specifically, the block Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

55 interleaver 124 may interleave by dividing the plurality of rearranged bit groups according to a modulation order by using a first part and a second part.
Specifically, the block interleaver 124 interleaves by dividing each of the plurality of columns into a first part and a second part, writing the plurality of bit groups in the plurality of columns of the first part serially in bit group wise, dividing the bits of the other bit groups into groups (or sub bit groups) each including a predetermined number of bits based on the number of columns, and writing the sub bit groups in the plurality of columns of the second part serially.
Herein, the number of bit groups which are interleaved in bit group wise may be determined by at least one of the number of rows and columns constituting the block interleaver 124, the number of bit groups and the number of bits included in each bit group. In other words, the block interleaver 124 may determine the bit groups which are to be interleaved in bit group wise considering at least one of the number of rows and columns constituting the block interleaver 124, the number of bit groups and the number of bits included in each bit group, interleave the corresponding bit groups in bit group wise, and divide bits of the other bit groups into sub bit groups and interleave the sub bit groups. For example, the block interleaver 124 may interleave at least part of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise using the first part, and divide bits of the other bit groups into sub bit groups and interleave the sub bit groups using the second part.
Meanwhile, interleaving bit groups in bit group wise means that the bits included in the same bit group are written in the same column. In other words, the block interleaver 124, in case of bit groups which are interleaved in bit group wise, may not divide the bits included in the same bit groups and write the bits in the same column, and in case of bit groups which are not interleaved in bit group wise, may divide the bits in the bit groups and write the bits in different columns.
Accordingly, the number of rows constituting the first part is a multiple of the number of bits included in one bit group (for example, 360), and the number of rows constituting the second part may be less than the number of bits included in one bit group.
In addition, in all bit groups interleaved by the first part, the bits included in the same bit group are written and interleaved in the same column of the first part, and in at least one group interleaved by the second part, the bits are divided and written in at least two columns of the second part.
The specific interleaving method will be described later.
Meanwhile, the group twist interleaver 123 changes only the order of bits in the bit group and Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

56 does not change the order of bit groups by interleaving. Accordingly, the order of the bit groups to be block-interleaved by the block interleaver 124, that is, the order of the bit groups to be input to the block interleaver 124, may be determined by the group interleaver 122. Specifically, the order of the bit groups to be block-interleaved by the block interleaver 124 may be determined by z(j) defined in Tables 11 to 22.
As described above, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the plurality of bit groups the order of which has been rearranged in bit group wise by using the plurality of columns each including the plurality of rows.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the LDPC codeword by dividing the plurality of columns into at least two parts. For example, the block interleaver 124 may divide each of the plurality of columns into the first part and the second part and interleave the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 may divide each of the plurality of columns into N
number of parts (N is an integer greater than or equal to 2) according to whether the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124, and may perform interleaving.
When the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword in bit group wise without dividing each of the plurality of columns into parts.
Specifically, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing the plurality of bit groups of the LDPC codeword on each of the columns in bit group wise in a column direction, and reading each row of the plurality of columns in which the plurality of bit groups are written in bit group wise in a row direction.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing bits included in a predetermined number of bit groups, which corresponds to a quotient obtained by dividing the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword by the number of columns of the block interleaver 124, on each of the plurality of columns serially in a column direction, and reading each row of the plurality of columns in which the bits are written in a row direction.
Hereinafter, the group located in the th position after being interleaved by the group interleaver 122 will be referred to as group Y.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

57 For example, it is assumed that the block interleaver 124 is formed of C
number of columns each including RI number of rows. In addition, it is assumed that the LDPC
codeword is formed of Ngroup number of bit groups and the number of bit groups Ngroup is a multiple of C.
In this case, when the quotient obtained by dividing Ngr pup number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword by C number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124 is A
(./igroup/C) (A is an integer greater than 0), the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing A
(=Ngroup/C) number of bit groups on each column serially in a column direction and reading bits written on each column in a row direction.
For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the block interleaver 124 writes bits included in bit group Yo, bit group Y1,..., bit group YA-1 in the 1st column from the 1st row to the Rid' row, writes bits included in bit group YA, bit group YA+15 = = bit group Y2A-1 in the 2nd column from the 1st row to the Rith row, ..., and writes bits included in bit group YcA-A, bit group YCA-A+1, bit group YCA...1 in the column C from the 1st row to the Rid' row. The block interleaver 124 may read the bits written in each row of the plurality of columns in a row direction.
Accordingly, the block interleaver 124 interleaves all bit groups constituting the LDPC
codeword in bit group wise.
However, when the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword is not an integer multiple of the number of columns of the block interleaver 124, the block interleaver 124 may divide each column into 2 parts and interleave a part of the plurality of bit groups of the LDPC codeword in bit group wise, and divide bits of the other bit groups into sub bit groups and interleave the sub bit groups. In this case, the bits included in the other bit groups, that is, the bits included in the number of groups which correspond to the remainder when the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns are not interleaved in bit group wise, but interleaved by being divided according to the number of columns.
Specifically, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the LDPC codeword by dividing each of the plurality of columns into two parts.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 may divide the plurality of columns into the first part and the second part based on at least one of the number of columns of the block interleaver 124, the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword, and the number of bits of bit groups.
Here, each of the plurality of bit groups may be formed of 360 bits. In addition, the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword is determined based on the length of the LDPC
codeword and Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

58 the number of bits included in the bit group. For example, when an LDPC
codeword in the length of 16200 is divided such that each bit group has 360 bits, the LDPC
codeword is divided into 45 bit groups. Alternatively, when an LDPC codeword in the length of 64800 is divided such that each bit group has 360 bits, the LDPC codeword may be divided into 180 bit groups.
Further, the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124 may be determined according to a modulation method. This will be explained in detail below.
Accordingly, the number of rows constituting each of the first part and the second part may be determined based on the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124, the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword, and the number of bits constituting each of the plurality of bit groups.
Specifically, in each of the plurality of columns, the first part may be formed of as many rows as the number of bits included in at least one bit group which can be written in each column in bit group wise from among the plurality of bit groups of the LDPC codeword, according to the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124, the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword, and the number of bits constituting each bit group.
In each of the plurality of columns, the second part may be formed of rows excluding as many rows as the number of bits included in at least some bit groups which can be written in each of the plurality of columns in bit group wise. Specifically, the number rows of the second part may be the same value as a quotient when the number of bits included in all bit groups excluding bit groups corresponding to the first part is divided by the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124. In other words, the number of rows of the second part may be the same value as a quotient when the number of bits included in the remaining bit groups which are not written in the first part from among bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns.
That is, the block interleaver 124 may divide each of the plurality of columns into the first part including as many rows as the number of bits included in bit groups which can be written in each column in bit group wise, and the second part including the other rows.
Accordingly, the first part may be formed of as many rows as the number of bits included in bit groups, that is, as many rows as an integer multiple of M. However, since the number of codeword bits constituting each bit group may be an aliquot part of M as described above, the first part may be formed of as many rows as an integer multiple of the number of bits Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

59 constituting each bit group.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing and reading the LDPC
codeword in the first part and the second part in the same method.
Specifically, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing the LDPC
codeword in the plurality of columns constituting each of the first part and the second part in a column direction, and reading the plurality of columns constituting the first part and the second part in which the LDPC codeword is written in a row direction.
That is, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing the bits included in at least some bit groups which can be written in each of the plurality of columns in bit group wise in each of the plurality of columns of the first part serially, dividing the bits included in the other bit groups except the at least some bit groups and writing in each of the plurality of columns of the second part in a column direction, and reading the bits written in each of the plurality of columns constituting each of the first part and the second part in a row direction.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by dividing the other bit groups except the at least some bit groups from among the plurality of bit groups based on the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124.
Specifically, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by dividing the bits included in the other bit groups by the number of a plurality of columns, writing each of the divided bits in each of a plurality of columns constituting the second part in a column direction, and reading the plurality of columns constituting the second part, where the divided bits are written, in a row direction.
That is, the block interleaver 124 may divide the bits included in the other bit groups except the bit groups written in the first part from among the plurality of bit groups of the LDPC
codeword, that is, the bits in the number of bit groups which correspond to the remainder when the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns, by the number of columns, and may write the divided bits in each column of the second part serially in a column direction.
For example, it is assumed that the block interleaver 124 is formed of C
number of columns each including R1 number of rows. In addition, it is assumed that the LDPC
codeword is formed of Ngroup number of bit groups, the number of bit groups Ngroup is not a multiple of C, and AxC +1= N smip (A is an integer greater than 0). In other words, it is assumed that when the Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

60 number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns, the quotient is A and the remainder is 1.
In this case, as shown in FIGs 10 and 11, the block interleaver 124 may divide each column into a first part including R1 number of rows and a second part including R2 number of rows. In this case, R1 may correspond to the number of bits included in bit groups which can be written in each column in bit group wise, and R2 may be R1 subtracted from the number of rows of each column.
That is, in the above-described example, the number of bit groups which can be written in each column in bit group wise is A, and the first part of each column may be formed of as many rows as the number of bits included in A number of bit groups, that is, may be formed of as many rows as Ax M number.
In this case, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits included in the bit groups which can be written in each column in bit group wise, that is, A number of bit groups, in the first part of each column in the column direction.
That is, as shown in F1Gs. 10 and 11, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits included in each of bit group Yo, bit group Y1, = = =, group YA.1 in the 1' to Rid' rows of the first part of the 1m column, writes bits included in each of bit group 'IA, bit group YA+1, =.., bit group Y2A.1 in the 15' to Rid' rows of the first part of the 2n1 column, ..., writes bits included in each of bit group YCA-A, bit group YcA.A.Ei, ..., bit group Yci in the 1g to Rith rows of the first part of the column C.
As described above, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits included in the bit groups which can be written in each column in bit group wise in the first part of each column.
In other words, in the above exemplary embodiment, the bits included in each of bit group (YO), bit group bit group (YA.1) may not be divided and all of the bits may be written in the first column, the bits included in each of bit group (YA), bit group (YA+1),..., bit group (Y2A-1) may not be divided and all of the bits may be written in the second column,õ, and the bits included in each of bit group (YcA.A), bit group (YcA.A+1),... , group (Yok.i) may not be divided and all of the bits may be written in the C column. As such, all bit groups interleaved by the first part are written in the same column of the first part.
Thereafter, the block interleaver 124 divides bits included in the other bit groups except the bit groups written in the first part of each column from among the plurality of bit groups, and writes the bits in the second part of each column in the column direction. In this case, the block Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

61 interleaver 124 divides the bits included in the other bit groups except the bit groups written in the first part of each column by the number of columns, so that the same number of bits are written in the second part of each column, and writes the divided bits in the second part of each column in the column direction.
In the above-described example, since A xC +1=N group when the bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword are written in the first part serially, the last bit group YNg,õp_i of the LDPC
codeword is not written in the first part and remains. Accordingly, the block interleaver 124 divides the bits included in the bit group YNgroup-i into C number of sub bit groups as shown in FIG. 10, and writes the divided bits (that is, the bits corresponding to the quotient when the bits included in the last group (YNgr0up-1) are divided by C) in the second part of each column serially.
The bits divided based on the number of columns may be referred to as sub bit groups. In this case, each of the sub bit groups may be written in each column of the second part. That is, the bits included in the bit groups may be divided and may form the sub bit groups.
That is, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits in the 1st to R2th rows of the second part of the 1sE column, writes the bits in the 1st to R2th rows of the second part of the 2nd column, ..., and writes the bits in the 1st to RP rows of the second part of the column C. In this case, the block interleaver 124 may write the bits in the second part of each column in the column direction as shown in FIG. 10.
That is, in the second part, the bits constituting the bit group may not be written in the same column and may be written in the plurality of columns. In other words, in the above example, the last bit group (YNgr0up-1) is formed of M number of bits and thus, the bits included in the last bit group (YNgToup-i) may be divided by M/C and written in each column. That is, the bits included in the last bit group (YNgroup_i) are divided by M/C, forming M/C number of sub bit groups, and each of the sub bit groups may be written in each column of the second part.
Accordingly, in at least one bit group which is interleaved by the second part, the bits included in the at least one bit group are divided and written in at least two columns constituting the second part.
In the above-described example, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits in the second part in the column direction. However, this is merely an example. That is, the block interleaver 124 may write the bits in the plurality of columns of the second part in the row direction. In this case, the block interleaver 124 may write the bits in the first part in the same method as described above.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

62 Specifically, referring to FIG. 11, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits from the 1st row of the second part in the 1st column to the 1st row of the second part in the column C, writes the bits from the 2" row of the second part in the 1st column to the 2nd row of the second part in the column C, etc., and writes the bits from the RP row of the second part in the 1st column to the R2th row of the second part in the column C.
On the other hand, the block interleaver 124 reads the bits written in each row of each part serially in the row direction. That is, as shown in FIGs. 10 and 11, the block interleaver 124 reads the bits written in each row of the first part of the plurality of columns serially in the row direction, and reads the bits written in each row of the second part of the plurality of columns serially in the row direction.
Accordingly, the block interleaver 124 may interleave a part of the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword in bit group wise, and divide and interleave some of the remaining bit groups. That is, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing the LDPC
codeword constituting a predetermined number of bit groups from among the plurality of bit groups in the plurality of columns of the first part in bit group wise, dividing the bits of the other bit groups and writing the bits in each of the columns of the second part, and reading the plurality of columns of the first and second parts in the row direction.
As described above, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the plurality of bit groups in the methods described above with reference to FIGs. 9 to 11.
In particular, in the case of FIG. 10, the bits included in the bit group which does not belong to the first part are written in the second part in the column direction and read in the row direction. In view of this, the order of the bits included in the bit group which does not belong to the first part is rearranged. Since the bits included in the bit group which does not belong to the first part are interleaved as described above, bit rrror rate (BER)/frame error rate (FER) performance can be improved in comparison with a case in which such bits are not interleaved.
However, the bit group which does not belong to the first part may not be interleaved as shown in FIG. 11. That is, since the block interleaver 124 writes and reads the bits included in the group which does not belong to the first part in and from the second part in the row direction, the order of the bits included in the group which does not belong to the first part is not changed and the bits are output to the modulator 130 serially. In this case, the bits included in the group which does not belong to the first part may be output serially and mapped onto a modulation Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

63 symbol.
In FIGs. 10 and 11, the last single bit group of the plurality of bit groups is written in the second part. However, this is merely an example. The number of bit groups written in the second part may vary according to the total number of bit groups of the LDPC
codeword, the number of columns and rows, the number of transmission antennas, etc.
The block interleaver 124 may have a configuration as shown in tables 23 and 24 presented below:
[Table 23]
tµimac--- 64800 QPSK 1.6 QAM QM .258 00.4 1.024 pAM 4096 04M-G 2 4 = ip 8' 10 12 Rt 32400 16200 10800 7920 6480. 5400 R2 0 0 0 1.80 0 0, _ .
[Table 24]
, .
= tikapetr. 16200:
OPSK 16 QAM 64 -QAM' 256 QAM .1024 QAM 4096 GAM
Z=. 4 6 8 '10. 12 7920 3960 2520 '1800 1.440 1080 R2 180. 90' 180 225 180 270 Herein, C (or Nc) is the number of columns of the block interleaver 124, R1 is the number of rows constituting the first part in each column, and R2 is the number of rows constituting the second part in each column.
Referring to Tables 23 and 24, the number of columns has the same value as a modulation order according to a modulation method, and each of a plurality of columns is formed of rows corresponding to the number of bits constituting the LDPC codeword divided by the number of a plurality of columns.
For example, when the length Nidpc of the LDPC codeword is 64800 and the modulation method is 16-QAM, the block interleaver 124 is formed of 4 columns as the modulation order is 4 in the case of 16-QAM, and each column is formed of rows as many as R1+R2=16200(=64800/4). In another example, when the length Nkip, of the LDPC
codeword is 64800 and the modulation method is 64-QAM, the block interleaver 124 is formed of 6 columns as the modulation order is 6 in the case of 64-QAM, and each column is formed of rows as many as R1+R2=10800(=64800/6).
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

64 Meanwhile, referring to Tables 23 and 24, when the number of bit groups constituting an LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns, the block interleaver 124 interleaves without dividing each column. Therefore, R1 corresponds to the number of rows constituting each column, and R2 is 0. In addition, when the number of bit groups constituting an LDPC codeword is not an integer multiple of the number of columns, the block interleaver 124 interleaves the groups by dividing each column into the first part formed of R1 number of rows, and the second part formed of R2 number of rows.
When the number of columns of the block interleaver 124 is equal to the number of bits constituting a modulation symbol, bits included in a same bit group are mapped onto a single bit of each modulation symbol as shown in Tables 23 and 24.
For example, when N1dpc=64800 and the modulation method is 16-QAM, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of four (4) columns each including 16200 rows. In this case, the bits included in each of the plurality of bit groups are written in the four (4) columns and the bits written in the same row in each column are output serially. In this case, since four (4) bits constitute a single modulation symbol in the modulation method of 16-QAM, bits included in the same bit group, that is, bits output from a single column, may be mapped onto a single bit of each modulation symbol. For example, bits included in a bit group written in the 1st column may be mapped onto the first bit of each modulation symbol.
In another example, when N1dpc=64800 and the modulation method is 64-QAM, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of six (6) columns each including 10800 rows. In this case, the bits included in each of the plurality of bit groups are written in the six (6) columns and the bits written in the same row in each column are output serially. In this case, since six (6) bits constitute a single modulation symbol in the modulation method of 64-QAM, bits included in the same bit group, that is, bits output from a single column, may be mapped onto a single bit of each modulation symbol. For example, bits included in a bit group written in the lst column may be mapped onto the first bit of each modulation symbol.
Referring to Tables 23 and 24, the total number of rows of the block interleaver 124, that is, R1-FR2, is NidrdC.
In addition, the number of rows of the first part, R1, is an integer multiple of the number of bits included in each group, M (e.g., M=360), and maybe expressed as LNgroup /
C iXM and the number of rows of the second part, R2, may be Islidpc/C-Ri. Herein, LN p C is the largest Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

65 integer below Ng.p/C. Since R1 is an integer multiple of the number of bits included in each group, M, bits may be written in R1 in bit groups wise.
In addition, when the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword is not a multiple of the number of columns, it can be seen from Tables 23 and 24 that the block interleaver 124 interleaves by dividing each column into two parts.
Specifically, the length of the LDPC codeword divided by the number of columns is the total number of rows included in the each column. In this case, when the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword is a multiple of the number of columns, each column is not divided into two parts. However, when the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword is not a multiple of the number of columns, each column is divided into two parts.
For example, it is assumed that the number of columns of the block interleaver 124 is identical to the number of bits constituting a modulation symbol, and an LDPC
codeword is formed of 64800 bits as shown in Table 28. In this case, each bit group of the LDPC codeword is formed of 360 bits, and the LDPC codeword is formed of 64800/360(.180) bit groups.
When the modulation method is 16-QAM, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of four (4) columns and each column may have 64800/4(=16200) rows.
In this case, since the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword divided by the number of columns is 180/4(=45), bits can be written in each column in bit group wise without dividing each column into two parts. That is, bits included in 45 bit groups which is the quotient when the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns, that is, 45x360(=16200) bits can be written in each column.
However, when the modulation method is 256-QAM, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of eight (8) columns and each column may have 64800/8(.8100) rows.
In this case, since the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword divided by the number of columns is 180/8=22.5, the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is not an integer multiple of the number of columns. Accordingly, the block interleaver 124 divides each of the eight (8) columns into two parts to perform interleaving in bit group wise.
In this case, since the bits should be written in the first part of each column in bit group wise, the number of bit groups which can be written in the first part of each column in bit group wise is 22, which is the quotient when the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC
codeword is divided by the number of columns, and accordingly, the first part of each column has Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

66 22x360(=7920) rows. Accordingly, 7920 bits included in 22 bit groups may be written in the first part of each column.
The second part of each column has rows which are the rows of the first part subtracted from the total rows of each column. Accordingly, the second part of each column includes 8100-7920(=180) rows.
In this case, the bits included in the other bit groups which have not been written in the first part are divided and written in the second part of each column.
Specifically, since 22x8(=176) bit groups are written in the first part, the number of bit groups to be written in the second part is 180-176 (=4) (for example, bit group Y176, bit group Y177, bit group Y178, and bit group Y179 from among bit group Yo, bit group Yi, bit group Y2, = =
bit group Y178, and bit group Y179 constituting the LDPC codeword).
Accordingly, the block interleaver 124 may write the four (4) bit groups which have not been written in the first part and remains from among the groups constituting the LDPC codeword in the second part of each column serially.
That is, the block interleaver 124 may write 180 bits of the 360 bits included in the bit group Y176 in the 1st row to the 180th row of the second part of the 1" column in the column direction, and may write the other 180 bits in the 1" row to the 180th row of the second part of the 2thi column in the column direction. In addition, the block interleaver 124 may write 180 bits of the 360 bits included in the bit group Yin in the 1" row to the 180th row of the second part of the 31e1 column in the column direction, and may write the other 180 bits in the 1" row to the 180th row of the second part of the 4th column in the column direction. In addition, the block interleaver 124 may write 180 bits of the 360 bits included in the bit group Y178 in the 1st row to the 180th row of the second part of the 5t1i column in the column direction, and may write the other 180 bits in the 1" row to the 180th row of the second part of the 6th column in the column direction. In addition, the block interleaver 124 may write 180 bits of the 360 bits included in the bit group Y179 in the 1st row to the 180th row of the second part of the 7th column in the column direction, and may write the other 180 bits in the 1" row to the 180th row of the second part of the 8th column in the column direction.
Accordingly, the bits included in the bit group which has not been written in the first part and remains are not written in the same column in the second part and may be divided and written in the plurality of columns.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

67 Hereinafter, the block interleaver 124 of FIG. 5 according to an exemplary embodiment will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 12.
In a group-interleaved LDPC codeword (vo, v1, ..., ), Yi is continuously arranged like V=(Yo, YI, = = = YN -11 -The LDPC codeword after group interleaving may be interleaved by the block interleaver 124 as shown in FIG. 12. In this case, the block interleaver 124 divide a plurality of columns into the first part(Part 1) and the second part(Part 2) based on the number of columns of the block interleaver 124 and the number of bits of bit groups. In this case, in the first part, the bits constituting the bit groups may be written in the same column, and in the second part, the bits constituting the bit groups may be written in a plurality of columns(i.e. the bits constituting the bit groups may be written in at least two columns).
Specifically, input bits vi are written serially from the first part to the second part column wise, and then read out serially from the first part to the second part row wise. That is, the data bits vi are written serially into the block interleaver column-wise starting in the first aprt and continuing column-wise finishing in the second part, and then read out serially row-wise from the first part and then row-wise from the second part. Accordingly, the bit included in the same bit group in the first part may be mapped onto a single bit of each modulation symbol.
In this case, the number of columns and the number of rows of the first part and the second part of the block interleaver 124 vary according to a modulation format and a length of the LDPC codeword as in Table 25 presented below. That is, the first part and the second part block interleaving configurations for each modulation format and code length are specified in Table 25 presented below. Herein, the number of columns of the block interleaver 124 may be equal to the number of bits constituting a modulation symbol. In addition, a sum of the number of rows of the first part, Na and the number of rows of the second part, Na, is equal to 1=11dp,JNc (herein, Nc is LNgrcup /Nd x 360 the number of columns). In addition, since N11(= )is a multiple of 360, a multiple of bit groups may be written in the first part.
[Table 25]
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

68 Rows in Part 1 No Rows in Part 2 N r2 Modulation Columns Ne Nicipc =64800 Nidpc =16200 Noe =64800 Nicipc = 16200 256-QAM 7920 1800 180 225 8 , Hereinafter, an operation of the block interleaver 124 will be explained in detail.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, the input bit vi (0 i <Nc xNõ) is written in ri row of ci column of the first part of the block interleaver 124. Herein, c,i and ri are ci = [-U and ri=(i Arri mod Nri), respectively.
In addition, the input bit vi (N õxNõ i<N,õpc) is written in ri row of ci, column of the second part of the block interleaver 124. Herein, ci and ri satisfy ci = [0 -NC x Nri )] and Nõ
r,=Nõ+{(i-Nc x No, ) mod Nr2} , respectively.
An output bit q;(0j<N1cipc) is read from ci column of ri row. Herein, rj and cj satisfy i r. = [ -.f-- and ci-.(j mod Nc), respectively.
For example, when the length Nidpc of an LDPC codeword is 64800 and the modulation method is 256-QAM, the order of bits output from the block interleaver 124 may be (9),qi,q2,===,q633579C163358)(163359,(163360,C163361)===,C164799)=
(Voy7920,Vismo,...,V47519,V554390763359,V63360,V63540)= -Y64799). Herein, the indexes of the right side of the foregoing equation may be specifically expressed for the eight (8) columns as 0, 7920, 15840, 23760, 31680, 39600, 47520, 55440, 1, 7921, 15841, 23761, 31681, 39601, 47521, 55441, ... , 7919, 15839, 23759, 31679, 39599, 47519, 55439, 63359, 63360, 63540, 63720, 63900, 64080, 64260, 64440, 64620, ... , 63539, 63719, 63899, 64079, 64259, 64439, 64619, 64799.
Hereinafter, the interleaving operation of the block interleaver 124 will be explained in detail.
The block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing a plurality of bit groups in each column in bit group wise in a column direction, and reading each row of the plurality of columns in Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

69 which the plurality of bit groups are written in bit group wise in a row direction.
In this case, the number of columns constituting the block interleaver 124 may vary according to a modulation method, and the number of rows may be the length of the LDPC
codeword/the number of columns.
For example, when the modulation method is 16-QAM, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of 4 columns. In this case, when the length Moe of the LDPC codeword is 16200, the number of rows is 16200 (=64800/4). In another example, when the modulation method is 64-QAM, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of 6 columns. In this case, when the length IsTidpc of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the number of rows is 10800 (-64800/6).
Hereinafter, the method for interleaving the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by the block interleaver 124 will be explained in detail.
When the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns, the block interleaver 124 may interleave by writing the bit groups as many as the number of bit groups divided by the number of columns in each column serially in bit group wise.
For example, when the modulation method is 16-QAM and the length Mdi. of the LDPC
codeword is 64800, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of four (4) columns each including 16200 rows. In this case, since the LDPC codeword is divided into (64800/360=180) number of bit groups when the length Nidp, of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the number of bit groups (.180) of the LDPC codeword may be an integer multiple of the number of columns (=4) when the modulation method is 16-QAM. That is, no remainder is generated when the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 13, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits included in each of the bit group Yo, bit group Y1....., bit group Y44 in the 1st row to 16200th row of the first column, writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y45, the bit group the bit group Y89 in the 1st row to 16200th row of the second column, writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y90, the bit group Y91,..., the bit group Yi34 in the 1st row to 162001h row of the third column, and writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y135, the bit group Y136,..., the bit group Y179 in the 1st row to 16200th row of the fourth column. In addition, the block interleaver 124 may read the bits written in each row of the two columns serially in the row direction.
In another, when the modulation method is 64-QAM and the length N1 of of the LDPC
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

70 codeword is 64800, the block interleaver 124 may be formed of six (6) columns each including 10800 rows. In this case, since the LDPC codeword is divided into (64800/360=180) number of bit groups when the length I=lidpc of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the number of bit groups (=180) of the LDPC codeword may be an integer multiple of the number of columns (.4) when the modulation method is 64-QAM. That is, no remainder is generated when the number of bit groups of the LDPC codeword is divided by the number of columns.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, the block interleaver 124 writes the bits included in each of the bit group Yo, bit group Y1....., bit group Y29 in the 1" row to 10800th row of the first column, writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y30, the bit group Y31,..., the bit group Y59 in the 1' row to 108001h row of the second column, writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y60, the bit group Y61,..., the bit group Y89 in the 1" row to 10800th row of the third column, writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y90, the bit group Y91,..., the bit group Y119 in the 1"
row to 108001h row of the fourth column, writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y120, the bit group Y121,-=., the bit group Y149 in the 1" row to 10800th row of the fifth column, and writes the bits included in each of the bit group Y150, the bit group Y151,..., the bit group Y179 in the 1" row to 10800th row of the sixth column.. In addition, the block interleaver 124 may read the bits written in each row of the two columns serially in the row direction.
As described above, when the number of bit groups constituting the LDPC
codeword is an integer multiple of the number of columns of the block interleaver 124, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise, and accordingly, the bits belonging to the same bit group may be written in the same column.
As described above, the block interleaver 124 may interleave the plurality of bit groups of the LDPC codeword in the method described above with reference to FIGs. 13 and 14.
The modulator 130 maps the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol.

Specifically, the modulator 130 may demultiplex the interleaved LDPC codeword, modulate the demultiplexed LDPC codeword, and map the LDPC codeword onto a constellation.
In this case, the modulator 130 may generate a modulation symbol using the bits included in each of a plurality of bit groups.
In other words, as described above, the bits included in different bit groups are written in each column of the block interleaver 124, and the block interleaver 124 reads the bits written in each column in the row direction. In this case, the modulator 130 generates a modulation symbol by Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

71 mapping the bits read in each column onto each bit of the modulation symbol.
Accordingly, each bit of the modulation symbol belongs to a different bit group.
For example, it is assumed that the modulation symbol consists of C number of bits. In this case, the bits which are read from each row of C number of columns of the block interleaver 124 may be mapped onto each bit of the modulation symbol and thus, each bit of the modulation symbol consisting of C number of bits belong to C number of different bit groups.
Hereinbelow, the above feature will be described in greater detail.
First, the modulator 130 demultiplexes the interleaved LDPC codeword. To achieve this, the modulator 130 may include a demultiplexer (not shown) to demultiplex the interleaved LDPC
codeword.
The demultiplexer (not shown) demultiplexes the interleaved LDPC codeword.
Specifically, the demultiplexer (not shown) performs serial-to-parallel conversion with respect to the interleaved LDPC codeword, and demultiplexes the interleaved LDPC codeword into a cell having a predetermined number of bits (or a data cell).
For example, as shown in FIG. 15, the demultiplexer (not shown) receives the LDPC
codeword Q.(q0, qi, q2, ...) output from the interleaver 120, outputs the received LDPC
codeword bits to a plurality of substreams serially, converts the input LDPC
codeword bits into cells, and outputs the cells.
In this case, the bits having the same index in each of the plurality of substreams may constitute the same cell. Accordingly, the cells may be configured like (yo,o, Yi,o, = = noon-1,0)=(q0, qi, ChMOD-1), (y0,1, Yi,i, = = =, YliMOD-1,0( q1MoD, 1:11M0D+1, = =
= , Cl2xtIMOD-1), = = = ==
Herein, the number of substreams, Nsubste, may be equal to the number of bits constituting a modulation symbol, Timm Accordingly, the number of bits constituting each cell may be equal to the number of bits constituting a modulation symbol (that is, a modulationorder).
For example, when the modulation method is 16-QAM, the number of bits constituting the modulation symbol, Timm, is 4 and thus the number of substreams, Nsubstreams, is 4, and the cells may be configured like (y0,0, Y1,0) Y2,0) Y3,0)=(:10) qi, (12, q3), Y2,1, y33).--(q4,445, q6,q7), (3'02, Y1,2, Y2,2) Y3,2)4118, C191 (110, C111)) = = = =
In another example, when the modulation method is 64-QAM, the number of bits constituting the modulation symbol, 11MOD) is 6 and thus the number of substreams, Nsubstreams, is 6, and the cells may be configured like (y0,0, yi,o, yzo, Y3,0, ya,o, Y5,o)=(clo, Qi, (12, (13, C14) CIA (370,1, yi,i, y2,1, Y3,1, Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

72 Y4,1, Y5,1)4146,q7, C18,C19,1410,(111), (Y0,2, y1,2, y2,2, Y3,2, y4,2, Y5,2)'-'--(C112, C113,1=114, q15, (116/ q17),....
The modulator 130 may map the demultiplexed LDPC codeword onto modulation symbols.
Specifically, the modulator 130 may modulate bits (that is, cells) output from the demultiplexer (not shown) in various modulation methods such as Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, 4096-QAM, etc. For example, when the modulation method is QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, and QAM, the number of bits constituting the modulation symbol, Timm (that is, the modulation order), may be 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, respectively.
In this case, since each cell output from the demultiplexer (not shown) is formed of as many bits as the number of bits constituting the modulation symbol, the modulator 130 may generate the modulation symbol by mapping each cell output from the demultiplexer (not shown) onto a constellation point serially. Herein, the modulation symbol corresponds to a constellation point on the constellation.
However, the above-described demultiplexer (not shown) may be omitted according to circumstances. In this case, the modulator 130 may generate modulation symbols by grouping a predetermined number of bits from interleaved bits serially and mapping the predetermined number of bits onto constellation points. In this case, the modulator 130 may generate the modulation symbols by mapping rimoD number of bits onto the constellation points serially according to a modulation method.
The modulator 130 may modulate by mapping cells output from the demultiplexer (not shown) onto constellation points in a non-uniform constellation (NUC) method.
In the non-uniform constellation method, once a constellation point of the first quadrant is defined, constellation points in the other three quadrants may be determined as follows. For example, when a set of constellation points defined for the first quadrant is X, the set becomes ¨
conj(X) in the case of the second quadrant, becomes conj(X) in the case of the third quadrant, and becomes ¨(X) in the case of the fourth quadrant.
That is, once the first quadrant is defined, the other quadrants may be expressed as follows:
1 Quarter (first quadrant)=X
2 Quarter (second quadrant)=-conj(X) =
3 Quarter (third quadrant)=conj(X) 4 Quarter (fourth quadrant)=-X
Specifically, when the non-uniform M-QAM is used, M number of constellation points may Date Reeue/Date Received 2021-10-07

73 be defined as z.(zo, z1, zm_il. In this case, when the constellation points existing in the first quadrant are defined as {xo, xi, x2, ..., xm/.4.1}, z may be defined as follows:
from zo to zt,v44=from Xo to Xm/4 from zum to z2õ)&44.-conj(from xo to xh4/4) from Z2x/w4 to z3.14/4-1=conj(from xo to xmf4) from Z3**4/4 to Z4õw4_1=-(fIT)111 X0 to xmg) Accordingly, the modulator 130 may map the bits [yo, ym_i] output from the demultiplexer (not shown) onto constellation points in the non-uniform constellation method by mapping the output bits onto zt, having an index of L = E (y x 2m1). An example of the constellation defined according to the non-uniform constellation method may be expressed as in tables 26 to 30 presented below when the code rate is 5/15, 7/15, 9/15, 11/15, 13/15:
[Table 26]
Input data cell y Constellation point zi (00) (1+10/.ff (01) (1-10/4F
(10) (-1 +1i)/4-(11) [Table 27]
- . =
t= rist4., Asti , kits gaols- titifts owls. !RIVIs =
SA15304020131, L2111+0.50261 =12.4015+0,b751 0A104.1.20071 021731+0A11111 0.951140.95471. 11299110.71591 0.4517+055111 *I =
Ø1651+tu15101, 0.5014+111021. 0.2515+0.41101 1,110740.49011 0.157eminnu 0.164740.211041 0.15411+0.29141 -0.9514+050011 .2 2.200244251150,, 04624+406244 1.20Ø0....1511 1.244044130151, .114226+1.14451 .1.142t40.55521 0.299.44255401 L306744193144 e5115.t.7Oet0.252+1Ø16171 04451.1.211611 11.515340.24701 1.20011+0.5059+
12000+11.2921 11.1540.17.55401 0.31151.0345i1 [Table 28]
f5bp.014.054 , õ _01141_1115 1114_1(15 ,R44_204,15 R54....11/15 R04,17/1.3 ,4154_LV15 _ 3.43117.1.63231, 43.432+11.61118r, 100241232.01 435117411.61Air, 1013000267111 .1.133174.ier1ai t0164+03,3941- 4.41.040.7477t = 1J0210.043871,. 0:79774111.651141 1:3563.Ã1.04111 _0.1511411.85421., 1219)Ø8113. a.issekliamt .0:703,4446.231 :01343.0:53054 0.1111.0182111' '1.021.1.8.22141 0.1.511141.22.11,' .t.5aford.0h4t = .
Oa5fl4444311,. ,2.647440.118.45t, 01206.1.112,10p=
11' = totorwitnor 0,103o4o,3o331- ,o.tross.mgat 4.1.13o4olroot ,O1eWcM14o 0,1P044.1.1721,..
071434015944- 01230Ø16051 *4, '0421)149.14,(11=:' 049003.405451' = 0.2920.1.4.376 04177.0,1010,1 0:35311.140651 -0,5142.049:41' 1,08013Ø140111 =
042115Ø46171 = 6./.111Ø113101 )6,0171,1020441, 01.111+1.21611. 0.225240.0161-0.021041.52711 ;0:61/540.10151. ,,.11.2142+000721' Ø31/4140.15664 01049.004540 03022+1117111, oatit.toloo c45opoan6t.
:0106.1.05491, 0339740.3401r 14251.40.22211.' 0001740.15411, er. 0,21135Ø13410 tii90211.01lddt 05545u,51a 4.372i4018361- 431117.1.0/11,-434doOJat 11,016:144.N1e3i :70.3694Ø3.3one ,i17111.114.201.91 Ciales&a,2927, Ø3041H=0.14756,.. 0.56,394114B641-:11A11.110,01170 .Ø8004+4652,7v.,. 0.1a92+441781 0.7261411.112010 41: 2354. eat:
02352+1.01301 0.3411140,14011. 0.1.61041.02774: 11.39914112511111.
0.11.200.1.12531 ailains0.42031 ..L14511.*to.54153 00. ' C1.7540.4.26531 01155-ti.2801 .
0.4161115Ø1.117111. 0.5193+1 25091 03442,6.15591 04994.507111 1140703.133,61 0416641.2733i.
tlt= 0.84560004W 0.2412+210545 0..9926r0.93631 '041601+1069111., .0150440A9367 '0.011.1-4051..
0A105+0.110111'. 0.511117+1.17911.
4/174Ø21751.. 5.9l39pc55199. =0.1429t019494 01654+0,10141 0,11460016/11.
0.0100145075+ 4.1510141.70579 115011+05140.1-wW _ .03111.1142675r.. ,..1.5197.021511.. .0,1091=11.20201 101112=1221111 '0.1512Ø31L5+" o.srooicamot....0,41/74,7261k "L771.1Ø5.151.
44 0.1110.02/011 14621140.1.571 Ø107140045111' = 1.21614014361_ 1.135049.74011, 312219+0.42601. = 0.101241.01101 = 4.9916+0.1711i = 105.
*0220140554er '11.A2:14+11.75221. Ø5161+0.01161 a..406140.210)1+ catntotator L oott:lotai, 0.2:107#1:30366 . 1341240.144M
[Table 29]
=
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

74 a/Shape ___ NU0_64 44013 fix It 105 tax_scalts taxj4 Wis N04_54_1003 MC 64 UM
NUC 91-12/15 1tUC &1-12/13 KO 0.4347+1.60231 033524160261 . 1.442740.24201 0.354740.61491 1.43111140.24722 03317+0.6970 1.01154.053941 413524 + 1.171.51 =
1.602340.43471 0.3177Ø65601 1.256340151111 0.156140,632)1 1.213310.21.331 0-138648824 junSswIssai 1.1184 4. 0.44621 =
118753.108811 017114030261 1.021140.21741 0.15674027491 1.03664022191 01323404437i 1.047440.16951 C.2113+1.38431 93 ^ = 13291+087531 01556.030351 0.117944157021 0.1336441.27001, 0.84941061451 0101541.13721 0.724340.19341 0.7635 + 037071 94 0M02441.92381 0.602340.33451 02920+148271 0.617740.40301 _02931+1.46561 0.5682414556 1.069393.94621 117964 0.16611 4 0.201410.78181 , 0.65774020441 , 03410.125631 0.726240.17514 0323041.22781 , 0.67394.14354 0709240.80.731 1.0025 +0.48221 0304940.44541 0302141117111 021744102111 0356240.17111. 0.206941.06491 0.359740.34014 1.426140.22161 0.4101 0.14921 17 026534075401 _0.302640_1556i 05702441117931 0377140.11361 036774029711 036604112041 0.61064.17631 01482 0.44771 46 028184020191 055564039221 030404036754 0563840.44644 0.411340.11771 0.6006411/19221 0.139240.4073/ 0.1524=059431 =
0.9215+0.22011 41235241.01901 0.30264025911 0.19504102771 0.33950.25161 021200122531 042624042051 0.1482 0.66771 40 075930.26531 tianausim 0.685540.16711 0.11199.115151 0.7442411593 0.9594+10715 014074013364 04642 4. 1.02,531 41 1134544130493= 029224.44941. 0142640.33631 0.28544.469/1 0595440.432E6 03/29013995 0.4204013881 01992Ø73534 912 0.26754124791 0291900.55491 01,175409310 01165440.6055 011664016761 03439405675 0130640.70571 0.1572+4113191 LAU 024794076751 1.019740.23591 016914030281 13311240.2145 0.15824/33251 0.476900.19591 0.419740.72061 01458 40.40251 10011 026934027014 L26264136571 0.167140.6E551 12362404413 0.13554674061 L22390167601 0163241.03161 04763 +0.1407i 91.5 0.2701Ø28901 L4894.029221 0358840.61244 1.46634129731 0.32274062001 1.1653.412323 µ_ 02287+139141 0.4411+0.426T1 [Table 30]
=
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

75 /5641.9 14/15 117/15 14845 19/15 1110/15 511/15 50 0.61004.69261 1.2905+1.30991 1.0104+1.37881 1.3331+1.15061 1.60974.15441 0.3105413111 1.101441.16701 0.355540.31971 ' 01 0.3911+1.36451 105044.95771 1.041740.98621 0.9851+115111 1.554940.46051 0.43424.3360 0.15574.24211 0.35794045451 62 0.21914.75241 1.53294.19351 1.6444Ø74281 1.1439+0.89741 1.32260.12901 0.314940.41291 1195740.80391 0.5049+035711 43 0.2174+1.42081 , /157740.11161 3324540.94141 0.93434.92711 1.27724.35291 0.44004091071 1.0881+0.89561 0.5056/0.50631 046784.24871 1.7885*0.25091 0.7194424271 1.5398Ø79621 1.2753+1.02421 0181140.33751 0.5795+1.211W 0.2113434971 83 0.7175.1,16671 1.427530.14001 2.81064.00401 ,.03091.4255991 1.44344.75401 0.0633.034041_ 0.663741.42151 0.211540.49001 36 0.874741.04701 1.478440.52011 0.5595+1.03171 1.222100.65741 1.049140.84761 0.181840.48511 0.693041.00821 0.0713Ø34591 87 0.7930+1.04051 1.34084.43461 0.611840.97221 .
0.95790.53731 1.121614.62531 0.053140.48151 020494.96471 0.049040.49601 94 0.10560.97031 0.71074.58671 147684.20021 0.77414.58671 0.93264.09701 03084Ø19711 1.20634.51151 0.35274010861 0.2241+1.04541 010504.54551 0.999740.61441 0.68764.24891 0.89624.29041 0.435640.19931 1.010940.49521 0.3497Ø07131 410 0.18584096781 0.825640.56011 1.41/240.47691 0.599249200 1.1044411021 0.3091Ø06764 1.4171+0.59011 0.49604.21131 all 0.1901410650 0.877740.61101 1.147940.63121 0.6799+037431 1.06484.33671 0.4342Ø06911 1.0464+0.69351 0.497440 06981 012 0,5547.043121 1.008040.18431 060794.65661 1358364031170 0.7315Ø60711 0.1775.319831 0.66394.63881 5.208640.20791 013 03479415511 1.07594.17211 0.728440.69571 0.69154.5766 5.876040.45591 0.06404019791 0.53534.58511 0.20944006901 Ell 0.6073.011921 1.00560.17581 0.572440.70311 0.3251Ø705/1 0.874440.71531 0.17750.06761 0.68794.80221 5.06760.20791 515 0.595540.44201 1.0662Ø29641 0.6302.3.73591 0.68684.67931 0.98826053001 0.064740.06691 0.1634Ø76221 0.069840.06831 *16 1.407040.17901 021334+1.55541 0.145741.40101 1.6115.7.14971 0.164691.64071 0.74554.34111 0.1213.1.43661 0.358640.79591 417 1.7127.0290111 0.81139441.112921 0.1856+1.73461 0.951140.11401 0.4867.357431 0.58116133961 0.1077+3.20981 0.357110.63921 019 1.3246.025621 0.6091.1.27291 0.1174.1.10351 1.4700.12341 0.13634.35791 0.755640.46691 0.0651Ø90011 0.506.40.62751 919 13636.036541 0.6728+1.14561 0.1095+1.01321 1.0266411911 0.4021430761 0.5561447561 0.200941.01151 0.50634064001 120 1.3705.1.21341 0.306141.74651 00357+1.36361 1.58114.44961 114424.25841 0.9556Ø32101 0.3765+1.42641 0.21440.78621 321 1.67014.844131 0.132741.40561 0.585341.58201 0.932340.35861 0.7975+144501 1-176740.30911 0.3237+1.21301 0.210940.63401 422 1.161440.79091 0.35224114141 0.3439.1.06891 1.27964.38941 0.116874.04071 0.94730.47201 0.5205+0.98141 0.071340.60931 A3 1.22414.73671 0.2273+1.30811 0.3234Ø99621 1.01854.34471 0.650241.19111 1.2051Ø51351 0.3615+1.01631 0.069640.64671 124 0.976940.18631 0.500734.90981 0.1092Ø61741 0.594040.10591 0.09524097451 0.736740.20151 0.0715Ø65961 017994.08621 825 0.9451+0/0571 0.552810.83471 0.107440.63071 0.72150.11001 0.284210.93441 0.58112010151 0.211640.65971 018064117551 46 1.01004021821 0.4843.10.14561 0.111190.69961 0.58634.1130 011424.14481 0.73160.04691 0.0719Ø81311 0.43214099041 517 0.9795.014171 0.5304Ø87591 0.107640.73451 0.69094.1/661 0.3385.1.09731 0.578240.06691 0.21580.82461 0.4551+1.18121 320 0.1041404950 0.17150.91471 0.3191Ø82641 0.58434.36041 0.6062+0.74651 0.9062Ø19711 0.50364.64671 0.230940.94141 429 0.12324.41371 0.1540Ø95101 0.3126Ø63731 0.89704.35931 17.4607Ø853111 1.2829.011851 0.35160.65721 0.10774.31911 130 021799.053911 0.19544.94381 0.3392Ø69991 0.58080.31501 0.72634.117641 0.9155Ø07351 0.5115440861 00771.018511 031 0.11796Ø53561 0.171184.98321 0320140.72421 0.66784.32901 05450+1.00671 1.10114.67351 0.9593=45,82951 0.010241.17531 x32 0137640.33421 0.37514.15671 0.9552Ø10661 0.140641.61811 01655Ø07461 0.32444.10441 1.254540.10101 0.83014037271 .33 0.1383Ø31931 0.37344.16671 0.9075Ø16661 0.117241.29541 0.1664Ø07591 0.45894.12181 1.057640.09561 0.825640.52561 *34 0.13694.9322/ 0.3758415411 0.972440.11711 0.2211Ø9640 0.45724).03521 0.320740.44151 1.47524.1157/ 0.4593Ø36681 a35 0.13700.32711 0.374640.16491 0.918640.17511 0.1210+1.03931 0.451640.10621 0.4509Ø63711 0.89814.08821 0.56230.51821 .26 0.1655.032651 0.401334.12301 0.63410.13721 0.11244.61011 0.2559Ø17901 0.19204.51961 0.55184.06901 1.018610.36451 337 0.16564.31271 0.4001Ø12301 0.655040.14951 0.11774.60411 0.2586Ø17721 0.0633Ø81671 0.690340.05521 1.00010.51421 335 0.16344.31461 0.403740.12301 0.6290Ø13931 0.113640.74651 0.35924010111 0.18114.63711 0.57434193171 1.1115740.27351 439 0.163600.11081 0.40190.12161 0.6494Ø15041 0.1195+0.71601 0.37211426541 0.0640Ø64151 0.737440.15641 1.3928Ø34081 E40 0.1779+0.68411 0.602540.39141 131270.12401 0.432441.56791 0.7705Ø09121 0.3331.1.06691 1.23784.30491 02101140.22271 441 0.1828Ø68451 0.59464.392131 0957240.43441 0.3984+1.28151 0.7407Ø22401 0.4655+1.00871 1.05184030321 0.79810.07351 !42 0.1745Ø65261 0.6116+0.33791 1.1403Ø26311 0.376640.95341 0.6180Ø09271 0.343341.13651 1.4584Ø35111 0.645940.21951 443 0.179340.68391 0.60194.38371 1.0254Ø41301 0.365541.03011 0.60190.16581 0.500441.50621 0910740.24031 0 64304.57131 044 0.354730.60091 0.737740.1610 0.6096Ø41141 0.36674.59951 0.6007.0 49101 0.1971+1.00511 0432/4.47291 04481Ø13051 445 0.35934014111 0.719840.15821 0.677340.41841 0.332140.5960 0.667140.39181 0.07354.01951 0.78804.43921 0.9613Ø07351 946 0.357640.59901 0.72744.17821 05595Ø41011 0.36570.71941 0.4786.039351 0.1498+1.50181 1360450.32741 1332740.10391 47 0.362440.59941 0.716540.17461 0.653110.41011 0.33730.69641 0.517640.33911 0.0/6541.25531 0.7619019651 1.135910.08091 049 0.269740.14431 0.1509..33291 0.17517Ø21531 0.1065.9.11461 0,075740,10091 03811Ø710801 0.0596*0.07391 0.838140.87091 8*9 0.270430.14331 11.150341124001 0.125240.11581 0.11454.1100 0.0753Ø10041 0.61674211531 017670.07311 0.814540.69341 950 0164440.14421 0.1515+0.24371 0.1245Ø11521 010534.12741 0.07774047681 0.76364.62551 0.06170.21981 0.66460014801 x51 0.26504.14321 0.15034.14251 0.124740.11561 0.11340.1230 0.086740.47541 060004.63271 1110159321921 0.660040.67841 052 0.276340.16381 0.12154.13881 037650.12441 0.11114.38211 0.1021412431 0.98984.76901 0421840.07151 1./61140.69491 553 0.276840.16261 0.127940.24191 0.37070.12371 0.115640.35671 0.101040.21421 1.585540.14951 6297440.07251 0.974540.69421 x54 0.27150.16301 0.117940.24311 0.37790.12601 0.1080.2.34311 0.15504039191 0.94764.41751 04337Ø21151 1.3698Ø62591 x55 0.2719Ø16111 0.1279424061 0.3717411521 0.1177+0.34591 0.1881439691 1.46254.40151 0.30574.21671 1.210340.48411 056 0.648840.16961 0.3394Ø57641 0.11610.36931 0.354440.10801 0.093010.81221 0.827641.02251 0.066740.51241 0.7989+1.04981 057 0.546140.17001 0.336Ø97121 0.119700315451 0.32624.1100 012154011401 0.631341.03541 02700o0.5395 0.43954341031 458 01456E017431 03334.57501 0./1760034691 0.36814011731 0.093740.65141 0A1815+1.28551 0.06250.36581 0.61114.02461 .59 0.64314.17531 03303.034981 0.1171Ø14141 0.3159Ø11961 0.15404063461 0.63414.27051 0.111994.36421 0.63034114111 x60 0.58544.311161 0.14914.63161 035300.38991 0.36654.37581 0.4810.063061 1.042240.95931 0.481540.49461 1.055040.89241 061 0.5862+0.31671 0.1481+0.62801 0.34224.38081 033100.37951 0.3856Ø70371 1.2749+0.85381 0,3380Ø50501 0.861241.28001 062 0386430.31751 0.15090.62801 036144.37591 0.36724033531 0.35270.52301 1.15544.19471 0,457110.34991 1.269640.89691 453 038734032541 0.14734.62251 0.35094.36561 0.3336+0.34021 0.3100.055591 1.877146,67101 913510.0,35131 1.034241.12811 Table 26 indicates non-uniform QPSK, table 27 indicates non-uniform 16-QAM, Tables 28 Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

76 and 29 indicate non-uniform 64-QAM, and table 30 indicates non-uniform 256-QAM.
Referring to these tables, the constellation point of the first quadrant may be defined with reference to tables 26 to 30, and the constellation points in the other three quadrants may be defined in the above-described method.
However, this is merely an example and the modulator 130 may map the output bits outputted from the demultiplexer (not shown) onto the constellation points in various methods.
The interleaving is performed in the above-described method for the following reasons.
Specifically, when the LDPC codeword bits are mapped onto the modulation symbol, the bits may have different reliability (that is, receiving performance or receiving probability) according to where the bits are mapped onto in the modulation symbol. The LDPC codeword bits may have different codeword characteristics according to the configuration of a parity check matrix. That is, the LDPC codeword bits may have different codeword characteristics according to the number of 1 existing in the column of the parity check matrix, that is, the column degree.
Accordingly, the interleaver 120 may interleave to map the LDPC codeword bits having a specific codeword characteristic onto specific bits in the modulation symbol by considering both the codeword characteristics of the LDPC codeword bits and the reliability of the bits constituting the modulation symbol.
For example, when the LDPC codeword formed of bit groups Xo to Xi79 is group-interleaved based on Equation 21 and Table 11, the group interleaver 122 may output the bit groups in the order of X55, X146, X83, = = = X132, X135.
In this case, when the modulation method is 16-QAM, the number of columns of the block interleaver 124 is four (4) and each column may be formed of 16200 rows.
Accordingly, from among the 180 groups constituting the LDPC codeword, 45 bit groups (X55, X146, X83, X52, X62, X176, X160, X68, X53, X56, X81, X97, X79, X113, X163, X61, X58, X69, X133, X108, X66, X71, )(86, X144, X57, X67, X116, X59, X70, X156, X172, X65, X149, X155, X82, X138, X136, X141, X111, X96, X170, X90, X140, X64, X159) may be inputted to the first column of the block interleaver 124, 45 bit groups (X15, X14, X37, X54, X44, X63, X43, X18, X47, X7, X25, X34, X29, X30, X26, X39, X16, X41, X45, X36, X0, X23, X32, X213, X27, X38, X48, X33, X22, X49, X51, X60, X46, X21, X1, X3, X20, X13, X50, X35, X24, X40, X17, X42, X6) may be inputted to the second column of the block interleaver 124, 45 bit groups (X112, _93X , X _127, X101, X94, X115, X105, X31, X19, X177, X74, X10, X145, X1625 X102, X120, x126, X95, X73, X152, x1295 X1745 X125, X72, X128, X78, X1715 X8, X142, X178, X154, Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

77 X85, X107, X75, X12, X9, X151/ X77, X117, X109, X80, X106, X134, X98, Xi) may be inputted to the third column of the block interleaver 124, and 45 bit groups (X122, X173, X161, X150, X110, X175, X166, X131, X119, X103, X139, X148, X157, X114, X147, X87, X158, X121, X164, X104, X89, X179, X123, X118, X99, X88, X11, X92, X165, X84, X168, X124, X169/ X2, X130, X167, X153, X137, X143, X91, X100, X5, X761 X132, X135) may be inputted to the fourth column of the block interleaver 124.
In addition, the block interleaver 124 may output the bits inputted to the 1.st row to the last row of each column serially, and the bits outputted from the block interleaver 124 may be inputted to the modulator 130 serially. In this case, the demultiplexer (not shown) may be omitted or the bits may be outputted serially without changing the order of bits inputted to the demultiplexer (not shown). Accordingly, the bits included in each of the bit groups X55, X15, X112, and Xi n may constitute the modulation symbol.
When the modulation method is 64-QAM, the number of columns of the block interleaver 124 is six (6) and each column may be formed of 10800 rows.
Accordingly, from among the 180 groups constituting the LDPC codeword, 30 bit groups (X55, X146, X83, X52, X62, X176, X160, X68, X53, X56, X81, X97, X79, X113, X163, X61, X58, X69, X133, X108, X66, X71, X863 X144, X57, X67, X116, X59, X70, X156) may be inputted to the first column of the block interleaver 124, 30 bit groups (X172, X65, X149, X155, X82, X138, X136, X141, X111, X96, X170, X90, X140, X64, X159, X15, X14, X37, X54, X44, )(63, X43, X18, X47, X7, X25, X34, X29, X30, X26) may be inputted to the second column of the block interleaver 124, 30 bit groups (X39, X16, X41, X45, X36, X0, X23; X32, X28, X27, X38, X48, X33, X22, X49, X51, X60, X46, X21, X4, X3, X20, X13, X50, X35, X24, X40, X17, X42, X6) may be inputted to the third column of the block interleaver 124, 30 bit groups (X112, X93, X127, X101, X94, X115, X105, X31, X19, X177, X74, X10, X145, X162, X102, X120, X126, x95, X73, X152, X129, X174, X125, X72, X128, X78, X171, X8, X142, X178) may be inputted to the fourth column of the block interleaver 124, 30 bit groups (X154, X85, X107, X75, X12, X9, X151, X77, X117, X109, )(80, X106, X134, X98, Xi, X122, X173, X161, X150, X110, X175, X166, X131, X119, X103, X139, X148, X157, X114, X147) may be inputted to the fifth column of the block interleaver 124, and 30 bit groups (X87, X158, X121, X164, X104, X89, X179, X1235 X118, X99, X88, X11, X92, X165, X84, X168, X124, X169, X2, X130, X167, X153, X137, X143, X91, X100, X5, X76, X132, X135) may be inputted to the sixth column of the block interleaver 124.
In addition, the block interleaver 124 may output the bits inputted to the 1st row to the last row of each column serially, and the bits outputted from the block interleaver 124 may be Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

78 inputted to the modulator 130 serially. In this case, the demultiplexer (not shown) may be omitted or the bits may be outputted serially without changing the order of bits inputted to the demultiplexer (not shown). Accordingly, the bits included in each of the bit groups X55, X172, X39, X112, X154 ,and X87 may constitute the modulation symbol.
As described above, since a specific bit is mapped onto a specific bit in a modulation symbol through interleaving, a receiver side can achieve high receiving performance and high decoding performance.
That is, when LDPC codeword bits of high decoding performance are mapped onto high reliability bits from among bits of each modulation symbol, the receiver side may show high decoding performance, but there is a problem that the LDPC codeword bits of the high decoding performance may not be received. In addition, when the LDPC codeword bits of high decoding performance are mapped onto low reliability bits from among the bits of the modulation symbol, initial receiving performance is excellent, and thus, overall performance is also excellent.
However, when many bits showing poor decoding performance are received, error propagation may occur.
Accordingly, when LDPC codeword bits are mapped onto modulation symbols, an LDPC
codeword bit having a specific codeword characteristic is mapped onto a specific bit of a modulation symbol by considering both codeword characteristics of the LDPC
codeword bits and reliability of the bits of the modulation symbol, and is transmitted to the receiver side.
Accordingly, the receiver side can achieve high receiving performance and decoding performance.
Hereinafter, a method for determining n(j), which is a parameter used for group interleaving, according to various exemplary embodiments, will be explained.
According to an exemplary embodiment, when the length of the LDPC codeword is 64800, the size of the bit group is determined to be 360 and thus 180 bit groups exist. In addition, there may be 180! possible interleaving patterns (Herein, factorial means A!=Ax(A-1) x ...x2x1) regarding an integer A.
In this case, since a reliability level between the bits constituting a modulation symbol may be the same according to a modulationorder, many number of interleaving patterns may be regarded as the same interleaving operation when theoretical performance is considered.
For example, when an MSB bit of the X-axis (or rear part-axis) and an MSB bit the Y-axis(or imaginary part-Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

79 axis) of a certain modulation symbol have the same theoretical reliability, the same theoretical performance can be achieved regardless of the way how specific bits are interleaved to be mapped onto the two MSB bits.
However, such a theoretical prediction may become incorrect as a real channel environment is established. For example, in the case of the QPSK modulation method, two bits of a symbol in a part of a symmetric channel like an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel theoretically have the same reliability. Therefore, there should be no difference in the performance theoretically when any interleaving method is used. However, in a real channel environment, the performance may be different depending on the interleaving method. In the case of a well-known Rayleigh channel which is not a real channel, the performance of QPSK greatly depends on the interleaving method and thus the performance can be predicted somewhat only by the reliability between bits of a symbol according to a modulation method. However, there should be a limit to predicting the performance.
In addition, since code performance by interleaving may be greatly changed according to a channel which evaluates performance, channels should be always considered to drive an interleaving pattern. For example, a good interleaving pattern in the AWGN
channel may be not good in the Rayleigh channel. If a channel environment where a given system is used is closer to the Rayleigh channel, an interleaving pattern which is better in the Rayleigh channel than in the AWGN channel may be selected.
As such, not only a specific channel environment but also various channel environments considered in a system should be considered in order to derive a good interleaving pattern. In addition, since there is a limit to predicting real performance only by theoretical performance prediction, the performance should be evaluated by directly conducting computation experiments and then the interleaving pattern should be finally determined.
However, since there are so many number of possible interleaving patterns to be applied (for example, 180!), reducing the number of interleaving patterns used to predict and test performance is an important factor in designing a high performance interleaver.
Therefore, the interleaver is designed through the following steps according to an exemplary embodiment.
1) Channels C1, C2, Ck to be considered by a system are determined.
2) A certain interleaver pattern is generated.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

80 3) A theoretical performance value is predicted by applying the interleaver generated in step 2) to each of the channels determined in step 1). There are various methods for predicting a theoretical performance value, but a well-known noise threshold determining method like density evolution analysis is used according to an exemplary embodiment. The noise threshold recited herein refers to a value that can be expressed by a minimum necessary signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) capable of error-free transmission on the assumption that a cycle-free characteristic is satisfied when the length of a code is infinite and the code is expressed by the Tanner graph. The density evolution analysis may be implemented in various ways, but is not the subject matter of the inventive concept and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted.
4) When noise thresholds for the channels are expressed as THIN, TH2[i], THk[i] for the i-th generated interleaver, a final determination threshold value may be defined as follows:
TH[i]=WixTHi[i]+W2xTH2N+ +WkxTHk[i], where Wi+W2+.. = +Wk=1,Wi,W2, = = = 3 Wk> 0 Here, W1, W2, ¨, Wk are adjusted according to importance of the channels. That is, W1, W2, ===, Wk are adjusted to a larger value in a more important channel and Wi, W2, Wk are adjusted to a smaller value in a less important channel (for example, if the weight values of AWGN and Rayleigh channels are W1 and W2, respectively, Wi may be set to 0.25 and W2 may be set to 0.75 when one of the channels is determined to be more important.).
5) B number of interleaver patterns are selected in an ascending order of TH[i] values from among the tested interleaver patterns and are directly tested by conducting performance computation experiments. An PER level for the test is determined as 10" ¨3 (for example, B=100).
6) D number of best interleaver patterns are selected from among the B number of interleaver patterns tested in step 5) (for example, D=5).
In general, an interleaver pattern which has a great SNR gain in the area of FER=10" ¨3 may be selected as a good performance interleaver in step of 5). However, according to an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, performance of FER required in the system based on the result of real computation experiments for the area of FER=10" ¨3 may be predicted through extrapolation, and then an interleaver pattern having good performance in comparison with the expected performance in the PER required in the system may be determined as a good interleaver pattern. According to an exemplary embodiment, the extrapolation based on a linear Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

81 function may be applied. However, various extrapolation methods may be applied. FIG. 16 illustrates an example of performance extrapolation predicted by the result of computation experiments.
7) The D number of interleaver patterns selected in step 6) are tested by conducting performance computation experiments in each channel. Herein, the PER level for testing is selected as FER required in the system (for example, FER=10^ ¨6 ) 8) When an error floor is not observed after the computation experiments, an interleaving pattern having the greatest SNR gain is determined as a final interleaving pattern.
FIG. 17 is a view schematically showing a process of determining B number of interleaver patterns in the steps 2), 3), 4), and 5) of the above-described method for determining the interleaving pattern in the case of AWGN and Rayleigh channels for example.
Referring to FIG. 17, necessary variables i, j, and etc. are initialized in operation S1701, and a noise threshold for the AWGN channel THIN and a noise threshold for the Rayleigh channel TH2[i] are calculated in operation S1702. Then, a final determination noise threshold TH[i]
defined in step 4) is calculated in operation S1703, and is compared with a previously calculated final determination noise threshold TH[i-1J in operation S1704. When the final determination noise threshold TH[i] is smaller than the previously calculated final determination noise threshold TH[i-1], TH_S[i] is replaced with the TH[i] and is sotred in operation S1706. Next, i, j values increase by 1 in operation S1707 and this process is repeated until the i value exceeds A
which is pre-defined in operation S1708. In this case, A is the total number of interleaver patterns to be tested in steps 2), 3), 4), and 5) and A is typically determined to be greater than or equal to 10000. When all operations described above are completed, interleaver patterns corresponding to TH_S[0], TH_S[1], TH_S[B-1] which are stored in a descending order of final noise thresholds values in operation S1709.
The transmitting apparatus 100 may transmit the signal mapped onto the constellation to a receiving apparatus (for example, 1200 of FIG. 18). For example, the transmitting apparatus 100 may map the signal mapped onto the constellation onto an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frame using OFDM, and may transmit the signal to the receiving apparatus 1200 through an allocated channel.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram to illustrate a configuration of a receiving apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to FIG. 18, the receiving apparatus 1200 includes a Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

82 demodulator 1210, a multiplexer 1220, a deinterleaver 1230 and a decoder 1240.
The demodulator 1210 receives and demodulates a signal transmitted from the transmitting apparatus 100. Specifically, the demodulator 1210 generates a value corresponding to an LDPC
codeword by demodulating the received signal, and outputs the value to the multiplexer 1220. In this case, the demodulator 1210 may use a demodulation method corresponding to a modulation method used in the transmitting apparatus 100. To do so, the transmitting apparatus 100 may transmit information regarding the modulation method to the receiving apparatus 1200, or the transmitting apparatus 100 may perform modulation using a pre-defined modulation method between the transmitting apparatus 100 and the receiving apparatus 1200.
The value corresponding to the LDPC codeword may be expressed as a channel value for the received signal. There are various methods for determining the channel value, and for example, a method for determining a Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) value may be the method for determining the channel value.
The LLR value is a log value for a ratio of the probability that a bit transmitted from the transmitting apparatus 100 is 0 and the probability that the bit is 1. In addition, the LLR value may be a bit value which is determined by a hard decision, or may be a representative value which is determined according to a section to which the probability that the bit transmitted from the transmitting apparatus 100 is 0 or 1 belongs.
The multiplexer 1220 multiplexes the output value of the demodulator 1210 and outputs the value to the deinterleaver 1230.
Specifically, the multiplexer 1220 is an element corresponding to a demultiplexer (not shown) provided in the transmitting apparatus 100, and performs an operation corresponding to the demultiplexer (not shown). That is, the multiplexer 1220 performs an inverse operation of the operation of the demultiplexer (not shown), and performs cell-to-bit conversion with respect to the output value of the demodulator 1210 and outputs the LLR value in the unit of bit. However, when the demultiplexer (not shown) is omitted from the transmitting apparatus 100, the multiplexer 1220 may be omitted from the receiving apparatus 1200.
The information regarding whether the demultiplexing operation is performed or not may be provided by the transmitting apparatus 100, or may be pre-defined between the transmitting apparatus 100 and the receiving apparatus 1200.
The deinterleaver 1230 deinterleaves the output value of the multiplexer 1220 and outputs the Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

83 values to the decoder 1240.
Specifically, the deinterleaver 1230 is an element corresponding to the interleaver 120 of the transmitting apparatus 100 and performs an operation corresponding to the interleaver 120. That is, the deinterleaver 1230 deinterleaves the LLR value by performing the interleaving operation of the interleaver 120 inversely.
To do so, the deinterleaver 1230 may include a block deinterleaver 1231, a group twist deinterleaver 1232, a group deinterleaver 1233, and a parity deinterleaver 1234 as shown in FIG.
18.
The block deinterleaver 1231 deinterleaves the output of the multiplexer 1220 and outputs the value to the group twist deinterleaver 1232.
Specifically, the block deinterleaver 1231 is an element corresponding to the block interleaver 124 provided in the transmitting apparatus 100 and performs the interleaving operation of the block interleaver 124 inversely.
That is, the block deinterleaver 1231 deinterleaves by writing the LLR value output from the multiplexer 1220 in each row in the row direction and reading each column of the plurality of rows in which the LLR value is written in the column direction by using at least one row formed of the plurality of columns.
In this case, when the block interleaver 124 interleaves by dividing the column into two parts, the block deinterleaver 1231 may deinterleave by dividing the row into two parts.
In addition, when the block interleaver 124 writes and reads in and from the bit group that does not belong to the first part in the row direction, the block deinterleaver 1231 may deinterleave by writing and reading values corresponding to the group that does not belong to the first part in the row direction.
Hereinafter, the block deinterleaver 1231 will be explained with reference to FIG. 20.
However, this is merely an example and the block deinterleaver 1231 may be implemented in other methods.
An input LLR NT; (0<i<N1dpc) is written in a ri row and a ci column of the block deinterleaver 1231. Herein, ci=0 mod NO and r = ¨i , [
On the other hand, an output LLR qi(0.5i<Islex Mn) is read from a ci column and a ri row of the Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

84 r first part of the block deinterleaver 1231. Herein, cg = ¨ , ri.(i mod Nil).
[
Nrl In addition, an output LLR qi(Ncx Nrii<Nidpc) is read from a c, column and a ri row of the 0 ¨ NcxN,i)]
second part. Herein, c . [; , ri=1=1,1+{(i-Ncx Nri) mode Na}.
Nr2 The group twist deinterleaver 1232 deinterleaves the output value of the block deinterleaver 1231 and outputs the value to the group deinterleaver 1233.
Specifically, the group twist deinterleaver 1232 is an element corresponding to the group twist interleaver 123 provided in the transmitting apparatus 100, and may perform the interleaving operation of the group twist interleaver 123 inversely.
That is, the group twist deinterleaver 1232 may rearrange the LLR values of the same bit group by changing the order of the LLR values existing in the same bit group.
When the group twist operation is not performed in the transmitting apparatus 100, the group twist deinterleaver 1232 may be omitted.
The group deinterleaver 1233 (or the group-wise deinterleaver) deinterleaves the output value of the group twist deinterleaver 1232 and outputs the value to the parity deinterleaver 1234.
Specifically, the group deinterleaver 1233 is an element corresponding to the group interleaver 122 provided in the transmitting apparatus 100 and may perform the interleaving operation of the group interleaver 122 inversely.
That is, the group deinterleaver 1233 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise. In this case, the group deinterleaver 1233 may rearrange the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise by applying the interleaving method of Tables 11 to 22 inversely according to a length of the LDPC codeword, a modulation method and a code rate.
The parity deinterleaver 1234 performs parity deinterleaving with respect to the output value of the group deinterleaver 1233 and outputs the value to the decoder 1240.
Specifically, the parity deinterleaver 1234 is an element corresponding to the parity interleaver 121 provided in the transmitting apparatus 100 and may perform the interleaving operation of the parity interleaver 121 inversely. That is, the parity deinterleaver 1234 may deinterleave the LLR values corresponding to the parity bits from among the LLR values output from the group deinterleaver 1233. In this case, the parity deinterleaver 1234 may deinterleave the LLR value corresponding to the parity bits inversely to the parity interleaving method of Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

85 Equation 18.
However, the parity deinterleaver 1234 may be omitted depending on the decoding method and embodiment of the decoder 1240.
Although the deinterleaver 1230 of FIG. 18 includes three (3) or four (4) elements as shown in FIG. 19, operations of the elements may be performed by a single element.
For example, when bits each of which belongs to each of bit groups Xa, Xb, X,, Xd constitute a single modulation symbol, the deinterleaver 1230 may deinterleave these bits to locations corresponding to their bit groups based on the received single modulation symbol.
For example, when the code rate is 6/15 and the modulation method is 16-QAM, the group deinterleaver 1233 may perform deinterleaving based on table 11.
In this case, bits each of which belongs to each of bit groups X55, X15, X112, X122 may constitute a single modulation symbol. Since one bit in each of the bit groups X55, X15, X112, X122 constitutes a single modulation symbol, the deinterleaver 1230 may map bits onto decoding initial values corresponding to the bit groups X55, X15, X112, X122 based on the received single modulation symbol.
The decoder 1240 may perform LDPC decoding by using the output value of the deinterleaver 1230. To achieve this, the decoder 1240 may include an LDPC
decoder (not shown) to perform the LDPC decoding.
Specifically, the decoder 1240 is an element corresponding to the encoder 110 of the transmitting apparatus 100 and may correct an error by performing the LDPC
decoding by using the LLR value output from the deinterleaver 1230.
For example, the decoder 1240 may perform the LDPC decoding in an iterative decoding method based on a sum-product algorithm. The sum-product algorithm is one example of a message passing algorithm, and the message passing algorithm refers to an algorithm which exchanges messages (e.g., LLR value) through an edge on= a bipartite graph, calculates an output message from messages input to variable nodes or check nodes, and updates.
The decoder 1240 may use a parity check matrix when performing the LDPC
decoding. In this case, the parity check matrix used in the decoding may have the same configuration as that of the parity check matrix used in the encoding of the encoder 110, and this has been described above with reference to FIGs. 2 to 4.
In addition, information on the parity check matrix and information on the code rate, etc.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

86 which are used in the LDPC decoding may be pre-stored in the receiving apparatus 1200 or may be provided by the transmitting apparatus 100.
FIG. 21 is a flowchart to illustrate an interleaving method of a transmitting apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
First, an LDPC codeword is generated by LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix (S1410), and the LDPC codeword is interleaved (S1420).
Then, the interleaved LDPC codeword is mapped onto a modulation symbol (S1430). In this case, a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword may be mapped onto a predetermined bit in the modulation symbol.
Each of the plurality of bit groups may be formed of M number of bits, and M
may be a common divisor of Nidpc and Kidp, and may be determined to satisfy Qtapc=-(Nidpc-Kidpc)/M.
Herein, Qldpc is a cyclic shift parameter value regarding columns in a column group of an information word submatrix of the parity check matrix, Nidpc is a length of the LDPC codeword, and Kkipc is a length of information word bits of the LDPC codeword.
Operation S1420 may include interleaving parity bits of the LDPC codeword, dividing the parity-interleaved LDPC codeword by the plurality of bit groups and rearranging the order of the plurality of bit groups in bit group wise, and interleaving the plurality of bit groups the order of which is rearranged.
The order of the plurality of bit groups may be rearranged in bit group wise based on the above-described Equation 21 presented above.
As described above, n(j) in Equation 21 may be determined based on at least one of a length of the LDPC codeword, a modulation method, and a code rate.
For example, when the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 6/15, it(j) may be defined as in table 11.
In addition, when the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 10/15, n(j) may be defined as in table 14.
In addition, when the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 16-QAM, and the code rate is 12/15, n(j) may be defined as in table 15.
In addition, when the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 6/15, it(j) may be defined as in table 17.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

87 In addition, when the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 8/15, 7c(j) may be defined as in table 18.
In addition, when the LDPC codeword has a length of 64800, the modulation method is 64-QAM, and the code rate is 12/15, n(j) may be defined as in table 21.
The interleaving the plurality of bit groups may include: writing the plurality of bit groups in each of a plurality of columns in bit group wise in a column direction, and reading each row of the plurality of columns in which the plurality of bit groups are written in bit group wise in a row direction.
In addition, the interleaving the plurality of bit groups may include:
serially write, in the plurality of columns, at least some bit group which is writable in the plurality of columns in bit group wise from among the plurality of bit groups, and then dividing and writing the other bit groups in an area which remains after the at least some bit group is written in the plurality of columns in bit group wise.
A non-transitory computer readable medium, which stores a program for performing the interleaving methods according to various exemplary embodiments in sequence, may be provided.
The non-transitory computer readable medium refers to a medium that stores data semi-permanently rather than storing data for a very short time, such as a register, a cache, and a memory, and is readable by an apparatus. Specifically, the above-described various applications or programs may be stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium such as a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a hard disk, a Blu-ray disk, a universal serial bus (USB), a memory card, and a read only memory (ROM), and may be provided.
At least one of the components, elements or units represented by a block as illustrated in FIGs. 1, 5, 15, 18 and 19 may be embodied as various numbers of hardware, software and/or firmware structures that execute respective functions described above, according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, at least one of these components, elements or units may use a direct circuit structure, such as a memory, processing, logic, a look-up table, etc.
that may execute the respective functions through controls of one or more microprocessors or other control apparatuses. Also, at least one of these components, elements or units may be specifically embodied by a module, a program, or a part of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for performing specified logic functions. Also, at least one of these components, Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

88 elements or units may further include a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) that performs the respective functions, a microprocessor, or the like. Further, although a bus is not illustrated in the above block diagrams, communication between the components, elements or units may be performed through the bus. Functional aspects of the above exemplary embodiments may be implemented in algorithms that execute on one or more processors.
Furthermore, the components, elements or units represented by a block or processing steps may employ any number of related art techniques for electronics configuration, signal processing and/or control, data processing and the like.
The foregoing exemplary embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present inventive concept. The exemplary embodiments can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. Also, the description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the inventive concept, and many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-10-07

Claims

C1aims:

1. A transmitting apparatus comprising:
a parity interleaver configured to interleave parity bits which are generated by encoding input bits based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code, a code rate of the LDPC code being 6/15 and a code length of the LDPC code being 64800;
a group interleaver configured to split a codeword comprising the input bits and the interleaved parity bits into a plurality of bit groups, and interleave the plurality of bit groups;
a mapper configured to demultiplex bits of the interleaved plurality of bit groups to generate cells and map the cells to constellation points for 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM); and a transmitter configured to transmit a signal which is based on constellation points, wherein the plurality of bit groups are interleaved based on a following equation for group where X, is a j-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups, Y, is a j-th bit group among the interleaved plurality of bit groups, N,roup _s i a number of the plurality of bit groups, and n(j) denotes an interleaving order, and wherein the n(j) is represented as follows:

2. The transmitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of bit groups comprises 360 bits.

3. A transmitting method comprising:
interleaving parity bits which are generated by encoding input bits based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code, a code rate of the LDPC code being 6/15 and a code length of the LDPC code being 64800;
splitting a codeword comprising the input bits and the interleaved parity bits into a plurality of bit groups;
interleaving the plurality of bit groups;
demultiplexing bits of the interleaved plurality of bit groups to generate cells;
mapping the cells to constellation points for 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM); and transmitting a signal which is based on constellation points, wherein the plurality of bit groups are interleaved based on a following equation where N is a j-th bit group among the plurality of bit groups, Y, is a j-th bit group among the interleaved plurality of bit groups, N,roup _s i a number of the plurality of bit groups, and x(j) denotes an interleaving order, and wherein the x(j) is represented as follows:

4. The transmitting method of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of bit groups comprises 360 bits.