CA2375718A1 - Shellfish culture cage and method of use thereof - Google Patents
Shellfish culture cage and method of use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2375718A1 CA2375718A1 CA 2375718 CA2375718A CA2375718A1 CA 2375718 A1 CA2375718 A1 CA 2375718A1 CA 2375718 CA2375718 CA 2375718 CA 2375718 A CA2375718 A CA 2375718A CA 2375718 A1 CA2375718 A1 CA 2375718A1
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- shellfish
- plate
- top surface
- cage
- water
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Abstract
A shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish comprises a series of vertically spaced plates, which each have a top surface and a bottom surface. A protection member is disposed around the top surface of each plate and allows a flow of water therethrough. Recesses are provided in the top surface of each plate for receiving cultured shellfish therein. The recesses have holes extending from the top surface to the bottom surface for water circulation therethrough. Each plate comprises second holes extending from the top surface to the bottom surface thereof for insertion of cultured shellfish therethrough by the bottom surface, and for the positioning of the cultured shellfish in the recesses, whereby the cultured shellfish are protected.
Description
.i SHELLFISH CULTURE CAGE AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to shellfish culture in the mariculture industry and, more particularly, to a cage for shellfish, such as scallops.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to shellfish culture in the mariculture industry and, more particularly, to a cage for shellfish, such as scallops.
2. Description of the Prior Art The use of various cages has been known in the prior art to increase the growth and the survival rates in the mariculture industry. For instance, shellfish have been produced in aquaculture cages that are submerged in water. These aquaculture cages are formed by a series of plates equidistantly stitched one atop another and surrounded by netting. These plates are flat and perforated, whereby water can circulate through the netting and through the perforations for providing renewed water to the cultured fish. This flow of renewed water is an essential element for the rapid growth of the cultured shellfish. Furthermore, the cultured shellfish is protected from the predators of the marine environment by the netting.
The above described aquaculture plate is suitable for shellfish that have developed byssus, whereby they can attach themselves to the plate and therefore stay stable thereon. For shellfish species that have not developed byssus, the above described aquaculture cage does not provide a stable growing environment as the shellfish are free to move on the plates thereof. If this aquaculture cage is subject to strong currents or wave action, the shellfish on the plates can collide and possibly be damaged by the edges of the surrounding shells. Therefore, the growth and survival rates of the shellfish can be greatly impacted.
Accordingly, the surviving rate of the scallop is only about 30~ during its cage culture period.
A further culture plate was developed (under Chinese Patent No. 98222788.4, naming Yuanling Wang as inventor), wherein each plate comprises a plurality of pits for isolating shellfish one from another on the plate. The pits also comprise holes, whereby renewed water circulates in the pits. The plates are equidistantly stacked by ropes. Each stacked plate is covered by a netting, thereby forming a cage.
One of the main costs in the mariculture industry consists in the manual labor required for the various operations during grow-out. For instance, the process of changing shellfish seeds from one cage to another to reduce density and/or to change a fouled cage for a clean one proves to be lengthy and thus costly.
Furthermore, the insertion operation is achieved out of the water, and must therefore be made quickly in order to avoid exposing the shellfish seed to the ambient air for an extended period of time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide a shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, wherein the insertion of shellfish seeds is easily and rapidly performed.
Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, comprising at least one plate having a top surface and a bottom surface, a protective member disposed around said top surface of said plate and allowing a flow of water therethrough, at least a recess being provided in said top surface of said plate for receiving a cultured shellfish therein, said recess having at least a first hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface for water circulation therethrough, said plate comprising a second hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface thereof for insertion of cultured shellfish therethrough by said bottom surface, and for the positioning of the cultured shellfish in said recess, whereby the cultured shellfish is protected.
Also in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, comprising at least one plate having a top surface and a bottom surface, at least a recess being provided in said top surface of said first plate for receiving a cultured shellfish therein, said recess having at least a first hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface for water circulation therethrough, at least a cover having at least an opening, said cover being disposed on said plate such that said opening of said cover is in registry with said recess of said plate, a protective member for limiting access through said opening and to said recess while allowing a flow of water through said protective member, whereby cultured shellfish disposed in said plate is protected while being exposed to water exchange.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic top plan view of a plate for a shellfish cage in accordance with the present invention;
The above described aquaculture plate is suitable for shellfish that have developed byssus, whereby they can attach themselves to the plate and therefore stay stable thereon. For shellfish species that have not developed byssus, the above described aquaculture cage does not provide a stable growing environment as the shellfish are free to move on the plates thereof. If this aquaculture cage is subject to strong currents or wave action, the shellfish on the plates can collide and possibly be damaged by the edges of the surrounding shells. Therefore, the growth and survival rates of the shellfish can be greatly impacted.
Accordingly, the surviving rate of the scallop is only about 30~ during its cage culture period.
A further culture plate was developed (under Chinese Patent No. 98222788.4, naming Yuanling Wang as inventor), wherein each plate comprises a plurality of pits for isolating shellfish one from another on the plate. The pits also comprise holes, whereby renewed water circulates in the pits. The plates are equidistantly stacked by ropes. Each stacked plate is covered by a netting, thereby forming a cage.
One of the main costs in the mariculture industry consists in the manual labor required for the various operations during grow-out. For instance, the process of changing shellfish seeds from one cage to another to reduce density and/or to change a fouled cage for a clean one proves to be lengthy and thus costly.
Furthermore, the insertion operation is achieved out of the water, and must therefore be made quickly in order to avoid exposing the shellfish seed to the ambient air for an extended period of time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide a shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, wherein the insertion of shellfish seeds is easily and rapidly performed.
Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, comprising at least one plate having a top surface and a bottom surface, a protective member disposed around said top surface of said plate and allowing a flow of water therethrough, at least a recess being provided in said top surface of said plate for receiving a cultured shellfish therein, said recess having at least a first hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface for water circulation therethrough, said plate comprising a second hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface thereof for insertion of cultured shellfish therethrough by said bottom surface, and for the positioning of the cultured shellfish in said recess, whereby the cultured shellfish is protected.
Also in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, comprising at least one plate having a top surface and a bottom surface, at least a recess being provided in said top surface of said first plate for receiving a cultured shellfish therein, said recess having at least a first hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface for water circulation therethrough, at least a cover having at least an opening, said cover being disposed on said plate such that said opening of said cover is in registry with said recess of said plate, a protective member for limiting access through said opening and to said recess while allowing a flow of water through said protective member, whereby cultured shellfish disposed in said plate is protected while being exposed to water exchange.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration a preferred embodiment thereof, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic top plan view of a plate for a shellfish cage in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic top plan view of the top plate of Fig. 1 for illustrating the shellfish cage covered with a netting installed thereon;
Fig. 3 is a schematic top plan view, with parts removed, of a cap for a plate of the shellfish cage in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic bottom plan view, with parts removed, of the cap of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the shellfish cage with the netting or cap of each plate removed;
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a pair of shellfish cages mounted on a frame; and Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a number of shellfish cages and seed baskets mounted on a frame .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1, a nesting plate in accordance with the present invention is generally shown at P. The nesting plate P, for use in the culture of shellfish (e. g. scallops), is defined by a circular disk 10 having a top surface 12 , a bottom surface 14 and a peripheral edge 16 (e.g. diameter of 38 cm and thickness of 3 mm).
The nesting plate P comprises a central nest pit 18, which consists in a rounded concavity defined in the top surface 12 (e.g. diameter of 10 cm and depth of 25 mm at the center thereof). The central nest pit 18 is concentric with the circular disk 10.
The nesting plate P further comprises a plurality of peripheral nest pits 20. The peripheral nest pits 20 are generally equidistantly spaced and are circumferentially distributed adjacent the peripheral edge 16 of the circular disk 10, and, similarly to the central nest pit 18, they consist in rounded concavities formed in the top surface 12 (e. g, of the same dimensions as the central nest pit 18). As shown in Fig. 1, the nesting plate P comprises eight such peripheral nest pits 20.
The central nest pit 18 and the peripheral nest pits 20 each comprise a plurality of water holes 22 therein. The water holes 22 extend from the top surface 12 to the bottom surface 14. For instance, as shown in Fig. 1, each pit comprises seven water holes 22 (e. g.
diameter of 20 mm). The water holes 22 may have different sizes according to the shellfish species and age. Also, depending on their size, the number of water holes 22 may vary.
Pairs of connection holes 24 (e.g. diameter of 20 mm) are circumferentially distributed adjacent the peripheral edge 16, between each pair of adjacent peripheral nest pits 20. The connection holes 24 extend from the top surface 12 of the circular disk 10 to the bottom surface 14 thereof.
The nesting plate P also comprises a plurality of seeding holes 26. The seeding holes 26 are generally rectangular-shaped (e.g. 45 x 20 mm), and are equidistantly spaced and circumferentially distributed between the central nest pit 18 and the peripheral nest pits 20. The seeding holes 26 also extend from the top surface 12 to the bottom surface 14.
The nesting plate P consists in a material adapted for a salty water environment, such as various plastic materials. For instance, the plate P can be processed by hot-pressing polymerization with specific molds.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top plan view, with parts removed, of a cap for a plate of the shellfish cage in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic bottom plan view, with parts removed, of the cap of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the shellfish cage with the netting or cap of each plate removed;
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a pair of shellfish cages mounted on a frame; and Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a number of shellfish cages and seed baskets mounted on a frame .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 1, a nesting plate in accordance with the present invention is generally shown at P. The nesting plate P, for use in the culture of shellfish (e. g. scallops), is defined by a circular disk 10 having a top surface 12 , a bottom surface 14 and a peripheral edge 16 (e.g. diameter of 38 cm and thickness of 3 mm).
The nesting plate P comprises a central nest pit 18, which consists in a rounded concavity defined in the top surface 12 (e.g. diameter of 10 cm and depth of 25 mm at the center thereof). The central nest pit 18 is concentric with the circular disk 10.
The nesting plate P further comprises a plurality of peripheral nest pits 20. The peripheral nest pits 20 are generally equidistantly spaced and are circumferentially distributed adjacent the peripheral edge 16 of the circular disk 10, and, similarly to the central nest pit 18, they consist in rounded concavities formed in the top surface 12 (e. g, of the same dimensions as the central nest pit 18). As shown in Fig. 1, the nesting plate P comprises eight such peripheral nest pits 20.
The central nest pit 18 and the peripheral nest pits 20 each comprise a plurality of water holes 22 therein. The water holes 22 extend from the top surface 12 to the bottom surface 14. For instance, as shown in Fig. 1, each pit comprises seven water holes 22 (e. g.
diameter of 20 mm). The water holes 22 may have different sizes according to the shellfish species and age. Also, depending on their size, the number of water holes 22 may vary.
Pairs of connection holes 24 (e.g. diameter of 20 mm) are circumferentially distributed adjacent the peripheral edge 16, between each pair of adjacent peripheral nest pits 20. The connection holes 24 extend from the top surface 12 of the circular disk 10 to the bottom surface 14 thereof.
The nesting plate P also comprises a plurality of seeding holes 26. The seeding holes 26 are generally rectangular-shaped (e.g. 45 x 20 mm), and are equidistantly spaced and circumferentially distributed between the central nest pit 18 and the peripheral nest pits 20. The seeding holes 26 also extend from the top surface 12 to the bottom surface 14.
The nesting plate P consists in a material adapted for a salty water environment, such as various plastic materials. For instance, the plate P can be processed by hot-pressing polymerization with specific molds.
Referring now to Fig. 2, the top surface 12 of the nesting plate P is shown covered with soft mesh netting N (e. g. mesh of 15 mm). A twine T (e. g.
diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm) fastens the netting N to the nesting plate P. The shellfish of a given size are inserted upwardly from below the bottom surface 14 of the plate P, through the seeding holes 26 when the plate P is covered with the netting N, which thus does not have to be removed.
In another embodiment, illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, a netting N' is imprisoned between the top surface 12 of the nesting plate P and a cap A. The cap A includes a circular disk 110 having substantially the same diameter as the circular disk 10 of the nesting plate P. The cap A further comprises a central throughbore 118 and peripheral throughbores 120. The throughbores 118 and 120 are positioned on the cap A
such that, when the cap A is concentrically disposed on the nesting plate P, they are in registry with the nesting pits 18 and 20, respectively. Typically, the netting N' is mounted to the cap A. Although not shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the cap A may comprise connection holes, which will be in registry with the connection holes 24 of the nesting plate P. The cap A can be easily detached from the plate P for the seeding thereof. It is noted that, with the presence of the removable cap A, the seeding holes 26 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are not required as seeding is done from the top of the plate after having removed the cap A.
Referring now to Fig. 5, a shellfish cage in accordance with the present invention is generally shown at C. The shellfish cage C comprises a plurality of the nesting plates P (e.g. 10 nesting plates) described in Fig. 1, equidistantly spaced (e. g. 15 cm) and parallel one to another. The nesting plates P are interconnected by side ropes S (e. g. 6-8 mm in diameter) that extend through the connection holes 24 thereof. The side ropes S are tied up at a top of the cage C and attached to a hanging rope H (e. g. 8-10 mm in diameter). Similarly, the side ropes S are tied up at a bottom of the cage C
and connected to a weight W. For clarity purposes, the protective member, whether it be netting N or cap A with its netting N', has been removed from each plate P shown in Fig. 5. The various ropes (e.g. ropes S, H and T) of the present invention consist of materials also adapted for a salty water environment, such as polyethylene, nylon or the like.
Referring to Fig. 6, a pair of cages C are shown suspended on a frame F. The frame F may vary in size in order to hold a plurality of cages C (e. g.
length of 5 meters, height of 2 meters) as shown for instance in Fig. 7. The frame F may then also hold known-in-the-art baskets B, wherein early stage shellfish are encaged.
The shellfish are thus isolated from one another as they are each nested in a different pit.
When a cage C is filled with shellfish, it is removed from the frame and put in a transportation bin for field deployment.
As shown in Fig. 5, the weight W keeps the cage C in balance and steady in the water, and may consist in some kind of stone, ceramic plummet or the like, according to the environmental conditions.
The hanging rope H is also chosen in accordance with the environment of the culture, whereby all factors are taken into account, such as the water flow, the wind power, the marine bio fouling and the like (e. g. 8 mm in diameter).
diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm) fastens the netting N to the nesting plate P. The shellfish of a given size are inserted upwardly from below the bottom surface 14 of the plate P, through the seeding holes 26 when the plate P is covered with the netting N, which thus does not have to be removed.
In another embodiment, illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, a netting N' is imprisoned between the top surface 12 of the nesting plate P and a cap A. The cap A includes a circular disk 110 having substantially the same diameter as the circular disk 10 of the nesting plate P. The cap A further comprises a central throughbore 118 and peripheral throughbores 120. The throughbores 118 and 120 are positioned on the cap A
such that, when the cap A is concentrically disposed on the nesting plate P, they are in registry with the nesting pits 18 and 20, respectively. Typically, the netting N' is mounted to the cap A. Although not shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the cap A may comprise connection holes, which will be in registry with the connection holes 24 of the nesting plate P. The cap A can be easily detached from the plate P for the seeding thereof. It is noted that, with the presence of the removable cap A, the seeding holes 26 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are not required as seeding is done from the top of the plate after having removed the cap A.
Referring now to Fig. 5, a shellfish cage in accordance with the present invention is generally shown at C. The shellfish cage C comprises a plurality of the nesting plates P (e.g. 10 nesting plates) described in Fig. 1, equidistantly spaced (e. g. 15 cm) and parallel one to another. The nesting plates P are interconnected by side ropes S (e. g. 6-8 mm in diameter) that extend through the connection holes 24 thereof. The side ropes S are tied up at a top of the cage C and attached to a hanging rope H (e. g. 8-10 mm in diameter). Similarly, the side ropes S are tied up at a bottom of the cage C
and connected to a weight W. For clarity purposes, the protective member, whether it be netting N or cap A with its netting N', has been removed from each plate P shown in Fig. 5. The various ropes (e.g. ropes S, H and T) of the present invention consist of materials also adapted for a salty water environment, such as polyethylene, nylon or the like.
Referring to Fig. 6, a pair of cages C are shown suspended on a frame F. The frame F may vary in size in order to hold a plurality of cages C (e. g.
length of 5 meters, height of 2 meters) as shown for instance in Fig. 7. The frame F may then also hold known-in-the-art baskets B, wherein early stage shellfish are encaged.
The shellfish are thus isolated from one another as they are each nested in a different pit.
When a cage C is filled with shellfish, it is removed from the frame and put in a transportation bin for field deployment.
As shown in Fig. 5, the weight W keeps the cage C in balance and steady in the water, and may consist in some kind of stone, ceramic plummet or the like, according to the environmental conditions.
The hanging rope H is also chosen in accordance with the environment of the culture, whereby all factors are taken into account, such as the water flow, the wind power, the marine bio fouling and the like (e. g. 8 mm in diameter).
The cage C of the present invention provides a safe, stable and high-water exchange environment. The growth rate of the shellfish is increased by the combination of this stable and safe environment, individual isolation and exposure to renewed water flow.
Accordingly, the growth rate may be increased by 30 to 40~. Furthermore, as the shellfish are divided from swarm status into an individual condition, they are prevented from colliding with and occluding one another.
This results in an increased survival rate and shorted growth period. The survival rate is also increased by reducing the risk of collision and occlusion between the shellfish. Furthermore, the shellfish are protected from the predators by the soft mesh netting N or by the cap A with its netting N' of the cage C. The survival rate with the use of a cage C in accordance with the present invention has been up to 98~. The C cage is specifically intended for the culture of scallops, but it is also suitable for the culture of most kinds of shellfish, including the species without byssus, living buried or semi-buried.
Therefore, in the present invention, the shellfish are kept in separate chambers on each plate, in a stable environment with high water exchange during the entire grow-out period, while providing an efficient method for being seeded. The new structures provide little space or surfaces for fouling organisms and thus, competition for food between shellfish and these organisms is decreased. This increases the food availability for the shellfish and promotes growth. Also, the cage of the present invention has also opened the way to the automation of the production of the shellfish grow-out by the simple and repetitive steps required for the seeding thereof. Because of the design, the cage is easy to handle, to stack, to ship or to store. Workers with little training are able to handle these cages efficiently.
Accordingly, the growth rate may be increased by 30 to 40~. Furthermore, as the shellfish are divided from swarm status into an individual condition, they are prevented from colliding with and occluding one another.
This results in an increased survival rate and shorted growth period. The survival rate is also increased by reducing the risk of collision and occlusion between the shellfish. Furthermore, the shellfish are protected from the predators by the soft mesh netting N or by the cap A with its netting N' of the cage C. The survival rate with the use of a cage C in accordance with the present invention has been up to 98~. The C cage is specifically intended for the culture of scallops, but it is also suitable for the culture of most kinds of shellfish, including the species without byssus, living buried or semi-buried.
Therefore, in the present invention, the shellfish are kept in separate chambers on each plate, in a stable environment with high water exchange during the entire grow-out period, while providing an efficient method for being seeded. The new structures provide little space or surfaces for fouling organisms and thus, competition for food between shellfish and these organisms is decreased. This increases the food availability for the shellfish and promotes growth. Also, the cage of the present invention has also opened the way to the automation of the production of the shellfish grow-out by the simple and repetitive steps required for the seeding thereof. Because of the design, the cage is easy to handle, to stack, to ship or to store. Workers with little training are able to handle these cages efficiently.
Claims (2)
1. A shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, comprising at least one plate having a top surface and a bottom surface, a protective member disposed around said top surface of said plate and allowing a flow of water therethrough, at least a recess being provided in said top surface of said plate for receiving a cultured shellfish therein, said recess having at least a first hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface for water circulation therethrough, said plate comprising a second hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface thereof for insertion of cultured shellfish therethrough by said bottom surface, and for the positioning of the cultured shellfish in said recess, whereby the cultured shellfish is protected.
2. A shellfish cage for the culture of individually isolated shellfish, comprising at least one plate having a top surface and a bottom surface, at least a recess being provided in said top surface of said first plate for receiving a cultured shellfish therein, said recess having at least a first hole extending from said top surface to said bottom surface for water circulation therethrough, at least a cover having at least an opening, said cover being disposed on said plate such that said opening of said cover is in registry with said recess of said plate, a protective member for limiting access through said opening and to said recess while allowing a flow of water through said protective member, whereby cultured shellfish disposed in said plate is protected while being exposed to water exchange.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27421901P | 2001-03-09 | 2001-03-09 | |
| US60/274,219 | 2001-03-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2375718A1 true CA2375718A1 (en) | 2002-09-09 |
Family
ID=23047295
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2375718 Abandoned CA2375718A1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2002-03-11 | Shellfish culture cage and method of use thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2375718A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110973084A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江海洋大学 | Automatic mussel harvesting equipment |
| CN112586463A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-02 | 长沙理工大学 | Capture device and object capturing method |
-
2002
- 2002-03-11 CA CA 2375718 patent/CA2375718A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110973084A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江海洋大学 | Automatic mussel harvesting equipment |
| CN112586463A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-02 | 长沙理工大学 | Capture device and object capturing method |
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