CN110663594A

CN110663594A - Fish culture and catching method for ecological cycle type fishery

Info

Publication number: CN110663594A
Application number: CN201911061075.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨品红; 罗丛强; 邵立业; 邹万生; 曾卓
Original assignee: Hunan University of Arts and Science
Current assignee: Hunan University of Arts and Science
Priority date: 2019-11-01
Filing date: 2019-11-01
Publication date: 2020-01-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish culture and catching method for ecological cycle type fishery, belonging to the field, and the method comprises the steps of water area selection, fish blocking facility arrangement, fish seed cultivation, fish seed discharging from a pool, water culture and recapture, and the like, can effectively improve the survival rate of fish seeds when discharging from the pool and after entering the field environment, is beneficial to restoring fishery resource quantity, not only protects fish germplasm resources, but also provides stable income for fishermen, and has the advantages of protection and utilization. The invention can update the degenerated fish resources in the lake, enrich the fish population structure, increase the total amount of the fish resources, ensure the sustainable utilization of commercial fish resources, reduce the eutrophication level of the lake and contribute to the ecological cycle development of fishery.

Description

Fish culture and catching method for ecological cycle type fishery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fishery culture, in particular to a fish culture and catching method for ecological cycle fishery.

Background

Fishery refers to the social production sector that catches and breeds fish and other aquatic animals and aquatic plants such as marine algae to obtain aquatic products. Generally, the method is divided into marine fishery and fresh water fishery. The fishery industry can provide food and industrial raw materials for people's life and national construction. A social production department which develops and utilizes water areas, collects various aquatic animals and plants with economic value for fishing and artificial culture to obtain aquatic products. Is an important component of broad agriculture. According to water area, the method can be divided into marine fishery and fresh water fishery; the method is divided into breeding industry and fishing industry according to production characteristics.

The total yield of Chinese fishery increases year by year, but the growth rate decreases year by year. The fishing industry is subjected to the rapid growth stage from the eighties of the twentieth century, so that the economic system reform breaks through the limitation of planned economy, the independent operation right is given to the micro economic department, the economic efficiency is improved, and the great development of the fishing industry is brought. The rate of increase has slowed suddenly by the end of the eighties to the early nineties, as the increased momentum from economic regime changes has tended to wane, requiring other factors to drive the production increase. After that, with the development of fishery industry industrialization, the improvement of fishing technology brings a new climax of fishery yield increase. And by the end of the nineties, the increase of the fishery output is obviously reduced.

The decline in fishery production, particularly fishing production, is due to a variety of causes, including population growth, construction of marine projects, excessive discharge of pollutants into the sea, and the like. The most important reasons are that the fishery resources are seriously damaged due to over-fishing caused by lack of management of the fishery resources, the enlargement of a fishing area and the increase of fishing strength. Although fishery resources are renewable resources, their use is not unlimited. The fishery resource is characterized in that stable output can be obtained under the condition that the fishing amount does not exceed the self-renewal amount, and the output is reduced once the self-renewal capacity is exceeded, so that the whole species loses the regeneration capacity and becomes a non-renewable resource after the condition lasts. Therefore, the sustainable development of reservoir fishery is better guaranteed, and the quick improvement of the fishery economic benefit of the reservoir gradually becomes a focus of people's attention.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fish culture and catching method for ecological cycle type fishery, which can effectively improve the survival rate of fish fries when the fish fries are taken out of a pool and after the fish fries enter a field environment, is beneficial to repairing fishery resource quantity, not only protects fish germplasm resources, but also provides stable income for fishermen, and has the advantages of protection and utilization. The invention can update the degenerated fish resources in the lake, enrich the fish population structure, increase the total amount of the fish resources, ensure the sustainable utilization of commercial fish resources, reduce the eutrophication level of the lake and contribute to the ecological cycle development of fishery.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A fish culture and catching method for ecological cycle type fishery comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a water area: selecting a water area suitable for fish growth as a fish culture increasing area and a culture increasing alternate area;

s2, setting a fish blocking facility: arranging fish blocking facilities around the fish culture increasing area and the fish culture increasing and selecting area, and uniformly arranging artificial fish reefs in the fish culture increasing area and the fish culture increasing and selecting area;

s3, breeding fish species: artificially breeding fish seeds by using the temporary breeding pond;

s4, discharging the fingerlings out of the pool: taking out the artificially cultured fish seeds in the temporary culture pond, and transporting the fish seeds to a fish culture increasing area;

s5, water culture increasing: scattering fingerlings in a fish culture increasing area and a culture increasing alternate area;

s6, recapture: periodically fishing the fishes.

Further, the S1 specifically includes the following steps:

s11, selecting an area without rivers entering a lake as a primary water area in a water area suitable for fish growth;

s12, setting the area with water temperature of 15-33 ℃ and water depth of more than 3m as a check water area;

s12, selecting the water areas of which the lake water of the selected water areas meets the first class of lake water standards as fish culture areas, and selecting the water areas meeting the second class of lake water standards as culture alternative areas.

Further, the S2 specifically includes:

when the eutrophic water area is a local water area of a lake, the piles are inserted into the mud of the eutrophic water area according to the designed area of the fish blocking facility and the pile spacing is 3-4 m, and the surrounding address and the surrounding shape are shown;

when the water area for culture enhancement is a whole lake, a row of piles is arranged at the connection part of 2 meters in front of a water inlet and a water outlet of the lake and the edge of a lake bank according to the pile distance of 2m, the bottom of each pile is inserted into the mud by 0.8 m-1 m, an upper rope and a lower rope made of polyethylene 20 multiplied by 3 mesh wires are arranged on a fish blocking net piece, stone blocks on the lower line are poured into gabions with the diameter of 15cm, the prepared net pieces are sequentially placed into the water along the piles, ground anchors are adopted on the lower line to be inserted into the mud, meanwhile, the gabion on is required to be deep into the bottom mud, and an upper line is firmly tied with the piles by the steel ropes;

wherein the height of the fish blocking facility consisting of the fish blocking net sheets and the piles is higher than the annual highest water level by 1 m.

Further, the S3 specifically includes the following steps:

s31, taking a cement pond of an industrial seedling raising workshop as a temporary rearing pond, taking marine fishes or artificially bred fishes as parents, wherein the male-female ratio is l: l, controlling the water temperature at 15-25 ℃, circulating water for 24 hours, and feeding living crustacean organisms;

s32, when the parents produce the seedlings, taking the seedlings out and putting the seedlings into a cultivation pool;

s33, controlling the water temperature of the culture pond at 15-25 ℃, changing water once a day, controlling the water temperature at 15-25 ℃, changing the water amount to 50%, and feeding the crustacean organisms.

Further, the S4 specifically includes the following steps:

s41, customizing a frame, and fixing the bolting silk net cage on the inner side to be used as a seedling box;

s42, when the water temperature of the water area is above 15 ℃, the seedlings are taken out of the pond and lake for culture, firstly, a fish culture increasing area is selected for culture increase, and if not, culture increase is carried out in a culture increasing and selecting area;

s43, punching holes at the bottom of the side face of the foam box, and placing the prepared seedling boxes into the foam box;

s44, siphoning pool water into a seedling box by using a hose, moving a water inlet of the hose at the bottom of the pool, and sucking seedlings into the seedling box;

s45, adding lake water into the double-layer nontoxic plastic bags, and filling the seedlings together with the water, wherein the quantity of the seedlings in each bag is determined according to the specifications of the seedlings in the pond;

s46, extruding air in the double-layer nontoxic plastic bag, filling pure oxygen, tightening the bag opening, filling the bag into a foam box or a paper box, filling 2 bags in each box, and transporting by using a thermal insulation vehicle.

Further, the S5 specifically includes the following steps:

s51, bagging the seedlings on a ship by using a culture increasing groove;

s52, after the boat is stopped, manually and slowly putting the seedlings in the bag into lake water, and dispersedly putting the seedlings.

Further, S61, dividing the fish culture increasing area and the culture increasing and selecting area into a plurality of cells before fishing, taking two adjacent cells as a boundary by using piles, taking two adjacent piles at an interval of 5 meters, taking two years of two adjacent cells as a period, alternately operating, fishing for one year, stopping fishing for one year, and performing reciprocating circulation;

s62, processing and selling the collected immature gonad fishes with the individual weight of more than 250g as commodities;

and S63, fishing the sexually mature male and female individuals as parents for seedling cultivation, and selling the male individuals and the female individuals as commercial fishes after mating and oviposition are completed.

Further, the artificial fish reef in the S2 includes a hemispherical reef body, a multi-stage hollow pipe fitting, a fixed base and an anchoring device, the multi-stage hollow pipe fitting includes a first hollow pipe, a second hollow pipe and a third hollow pipe, the first hollow pipe, the second hollow pipe and the third hollow pipe are sequentially connected through a threaded interface, the first hollow pipe is fixed on the outer wall of the hemispherical reef body through a threaded structure, a plurality of irregularly arranged through holes are formed in the hemispherical reef body, four mounting plates are uniformly arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the bottom of the hemispherical reef body, and each mounting plate is provided with a threaded hole and a fixing bolt;

the single hemispherical reef body is connected with the fixed base through the fixed bolt, and can be independently used as a reef body structure and used as a submerged artificial fish reef;

the two hemispherical reefs are oppositely combined to form a spherical reef, and the spherical reef is connected with the anchoring device and used as a suspended artificial fish reef.

Furthermore, the material of the hemispherical reef body is plastic or rubber or stainless steel metal, and the hemispherical reef body is also provided with a connecting pipe fitting for hanging simulated aquatic weeds, multifilament fibers, fishing nets, knots and polyethylene clusters.

Further, the anchoring device comprises an anchoring seat and a connecting chain.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the fish culture increasing and catching method can effectively improve the survival rate of fish fries when the fish fries are taken out of the pond and enter a field environment, is beneficial to repairing fishery resource quantity, not only protects fish germplasm resources, but also provides stable income for fishermen, and has the advantages of protection and utilization.

(2) The fish culture and catching method can update the degraded fish resources in the lake, enrich the fish population structure, increase the total amount of the fish resources, ensure the sustainable utilization of commercial fish resources, reduce the eutrophication level of the lake and contribute to the ecological cycle development of the fishery.

(3) The artificial fish reef can meet the requirements of building a bottom layer reef or a floating reef, wherein the hemispherical reef can be independently used as the bottom layer reef, or two hemispherical reefs can be combined into one spherical reef which is then used as the floating reef, and the depth of the floating reef in a water body can be adjusted by the anchoring device.

(4) The artificial fish reef is provided with a large number of through holes which are irregularly distributed, the periphery of the reef body can form variable water flow, and the external structure and the internal structure are complex.

The reef can be placed at different depths of the water body, and if anchoring devices with different weights are used, the reef can be theoretically arranged at different depths of the water body.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hemispherical reef in the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the hemispherical reef of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the suspended artificial fish reef of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:

1 hemispherical reef body, 2 first hollow pipe, 3 second hollow pipe, 4 third hollow pipe, 5 through holes, 6 mounting plate, 7 fastening bolt, 8 fixed base, 9 connecting chain and 10 anchoring base.

Detailed Description

The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1 to 4, a method for rearing and catching fish in the eco-cycle type fishery includes the steps of:

s6, recapture: periodically fishing the fishes.

S1 specifically includes the following steps:

S2 specifically includes:

S3 specifically includes the following steps:

S4 specifically includes the following steps:

s46, extruding air in the double-layer nontoxic plastic bag, filling pure oxygen, fastening a bag opening, filling the bag opening into a foam box or a paper box, filling 2 bags in each box, and transporting the bags by using a thermal insulation vehicle;

s5 specifically includes the following steps:

s51, bagging the seedlings on a ship by using a culture increasing groove;

S6 specifically includes the following steps:

s61, dividing a fish culture increasing area and a fish culture increasing and selecting area into a plurality of cells before fishing, taking two adjacent cells as boundaries by using piles, taking two adjacent piles as a period, alternately operating, fishing for one year, stopping fishing for one year, and repeatedly circulating;

The fish culture increasing and catching method can effectively improve the survival rate of fish fries when the fish fries are taken out of the pond and enter a field environment, is beneficial to repairing fishery resource quantity, not only protects fish germplasm resources, but also provides stable income for fishermen, and has the advantages of protection and utilization.

The fish culture and catching method can update the degraded fish resources in the lake, enrich the fish population structure, increase the total amount of the fish resources, ensure the sustainable utilization of commercial fish resources, reduce the eutrophication level of the lake and contribute to the ecological cycle development of the fishery.

The artificial fish reef in the S2 comprises a hemispherical reef body 1, a multistage hollow pipe fitting, a fixed base 8 and an anchoring device, wherein the multistage hollow pipe fitting comprises a first hollow pipe 2, a second hollow pipe 3 and a third hollow pipe 4, the first hollow pipe 2, the second hollow pipe 3 and the third hollow pipe 4 are sequentially connected through threaded interfaces, the first hollow pipe 2 is fixed on the outer wall of the hemispherical reef body 1 through a threaded structure, a plurality of irregularly-arranged through holes 5 are formed in the hemispherical reef body 1, four mounting plates 6 are uniformly distributed on the outer peripheral wall of the bottom of the hemispherical reef body 1, and each mounting plate 6 is provided with a threaded hole and a fixing bolt 7;

the hemispherical reef body 1 is also provided with a connecting pipe fitting for hanging simulated aquatic weeds, multifilament fibers, fishing nets, knots and polyethylene clusters.

The anchoring device comprises an anchoring seat 10 and a connecting chain 9.

The material of the hemispherical reef body 1 is plastic or rubber or stainless steel metal.

The single hemispherical reef body 1 is connected with the fixed base 8 through the fixed bolt 7, and can be independently used as a reef body structure and used as a submerged artificial fish reef;

the two hemispherical reefs 1 are oppositely combined to form a spherical reef which is connected with the anchoring device and used as a suspended artificial fish reef.

The semi-spherical reef can be independently used as the bottom layer reef, or two semi-spherical reefs can be combined into one spherical reef which is then used as the floating reef, and the depth of the floating reef in the water body can be adjusted by the anchoring device.

The artificial fish reef is provided with a large number of through holes which are irregularly distributed, the periphery of the reef body can form variable water flow, and the external structure and the internal structure are complex.

The above; but are merely preferred embodiments of the invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto; any person skilled in the art is within the technical scope of the present disclosure; the technical scheme and the improved concept of the invention are equally replaced or changed; are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the culture and fishing of fishes in the ecological cycle type fishery is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s6, recapture: periodically fishing the fishes.

2. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 1, wherein: the S1 specifically includes the following steps:

3. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 1, wherein: the S2 specifically includes:

4. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 1, wherein: the S3 specifically includes the following steps:

5. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 1, wherein: the S4 specifically includes the following steps:

6. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 1, wherein: the S5 specifically includes the following steps:

s51, bagging the seedlings on a ship by using a culture increasing groove;

7. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 1, wherein: s61, dividing a fish culture increasing area and a fish culture increasing and selecting area into a plurality of cells before fishing, taking two adjacent cells as boundaries by using piles, taking two adjacent piles as a period, alternately operating, fishing for one year, stopping fishing for one year, and repeatedly circulating;

8. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 1, wherein: the artificial fish reef in the S2 comprises a hemispherical reef body (1), a multi-stage hollow pipe fitting, a fixed base (8) and an anchoring device, wherein the multi-stage hollow pipe fitting comprises a first hollow pipe (2), a second hollow pipe (3) and a third hollow pipe (4), the first hollow pipe (2), the second hollow pipe (3) and the third hollow pipe (4) are sequentially connected through a threaded interface, the first hollow pipe (2) is fixed on the outer wall of the hemispherical reef body (1) through a threaded structure, a plurality of irregularly-arranged through holes (5) are formed in the hemispherical reef body (1), four mounting plates (6) are uniformly distributed on the outer peripheral wall of the bottom of the hemispherical reef body (1), and each mounting plate (6) is provided with a threaded hole and a fixing bolt (7);

the single hemispherical reef body (1) is connected with the fixed base (8) through the fixed bolt (7), and can be independently used as a reef body structure and used as a bottom-sinking artificial fish reef;

the two hemispherical reefs (1) are oppositely combined to form a spherical reef, and the spherical reef is connected with the anchoring device and used as a suspended artificial fish reef.

9. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 8, wherein: the material of the hemispherical reef body (1) is plastic or rubber or stainless steel metal, and the hemispherical reef body (1) is also provided with a connecting pipe fitting for hanging simulated aquatic weeds, multifilament fibers, fishing nets, knots and polyethylene clusters.

10. The fish rearing and catching method for the eco-cycle type fishery according to claim 8, wherein: the anchoring device comprises an anchoring seat (10) and a connecting chain (9).