CN109006613B - Marine ranch with fish life history - Google Patents
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- CN109006613B CN109006613B CN201810770650.2A CN201810770650A CN109006613B CN 109006613 B CN109006613 B CN 109006613B CN 201810770650 A CN201810770650 A CN 201810770650A CN 109006613 B CN109006613 B CN 109006613B
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- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fish whole life history type marine ranch, which comprises: marine forest type spawning protection reefs, comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reefs and ecological type artificial fish reefs; according to the spawning behaviors and ecological characteristics of common fishes, cephalopods and shellfish in coastal areas, on the basis of a coastline, a marine forest type spawning protection reef mainly simulating a seaweed bed is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 4-6m, a comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef mainly protecting juvenile fish resources is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 10-15 m, and an ecological artificial fish reef mainly trapping the fish is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of more than or equal to 20 m. The whole-life-history marine ranch for the fishes provided by the invention can provide places for spawning, breeding of larvae and juvenile fishes, growth of juvenile fishes and inhabitation of adult fishes for rocky fishes, migratory fishes and cephalopods within the same marine ranch range, and effectively solves the problems of insufficient adult fish quantity, small specification, limited industrial development and the like in the leisure sea fishing industry in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine ranching construction, in particular to a fish whole-life history type marine ranching.
Background
The construction of the marine ranch is an important way for the utilization of marine fishery resources and is also a necessary choice for ecological sea and scientific sea. Taking Shandong province as an example, the construction of the marine ranch in the whole province gradually turns to the leisure sea fishing type from 2014, and various marine ranch enterprises also successively put forward coastal tourism and leisure items mainly including marine fishing, marine leisure sightseeing, marine special catering and the like to attract vast tourists, so that the number of people fishing in the marine ranch area is increased year by year.
However, as the leisure sea fishing industry continues to develop, most of the operating enterprises face the same problem, namely, at the beginning of operation, fishermen have large fishing amount, but with the continuous operation of fishing fields, the fishing specification is reduced year by year, and the fishing amount is gradually reduced.
Sufficient fish supplement groups are one of the necessary conditions for sustainable development of the leisure sea fishing industry. At present, reef types and dimensions of artificial fish reefs put in leisure sea fishing type marine ranches, and layout and planning of reef areas are mainly considered by gathering fish. And the early bottom sowing multiplication type marine ranching mainly comprises throwing stone reefs, small concrete members and the like, and the throwing is mainly used for multiplying benthic aquatic economic animals such as algae, stichopus japonicus and the like. In the two concepts of constructing the marine ranch, the problem of source of adult fish, namely the lack of protection of larval fish and juvenile fish resources, is ignored.
Therefore, how to provide a marine ranch capable of simultaneously protecting fish eggs, fish larvae and adult fish in the same sea area is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a fish whole-life-history marine ranch, which provides sites for spawning, larval and juvenile fish cultivation, juvenile fish growth and adult fish inhabitation for rocky, migratory and cephalopod fishes, and effectively solves the problems of insufficient adult fish quantity, small specification, limited industrial development and the like in the leisure sea fishing industry in China.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fish whole-life-history marine ranch comprising: marine forest type spawning protection reefs, comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reefs and ecological type artificial fish reefs;
according to the spawning behaviors and ecological characteristics of common fishes, cephalopods and shellfish in coastal areas, on the basis of a coastline, a marine forest type spawning protection reef mainly simulating a seaweed bed is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 4-6m, a comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef mainly protecting juvenile fish resources is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 10-15 m, and an ecological artificial fish reef mainly trapping the fish is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of more than or equal to 20 m.
Preferably, the marine forest type spawning protection reef comprises: the main framework, the internal grids connected to the main framework and the artificial simulated seaweeds hung on the internal grids are arranged on the main framework.
Preferably, the main framework is formed by welding steel bars; the internal grids are formed by mutually crossing and binding reinforcing steel bars or first ropes.
Preferably, the artificial simulated seaweed is made of a second rope made of hemp or fiber, and a third rope with the diameter of 4-6mm and the length of 20-30cm is inserted into the second rope.
Preferably, the comprehensive breeding type artificial fish reef comprises: a main frame, a first string type attachment base and a second string type attachment base;
the main frame is of a bottom opening structure; a first string type attachment base is suspended on the upper portion of the main frame in a floating mode, and a second string type attachment base is suspended inside the main frame.
Preferably, the main frame includes: a top frame and a side frame connected to the top frame; the top frame and the side frames enclose a space; a first string type attachment base is suspended on the top of the top frame in a floating mode, and a second string type attachment base is suspended inside the space.
Preferably, the first cascade attachment group comprises: the first hook is a floating ball connected with the first hook through a rope; a plurality of first attaching bases are arranged on the rope; the first hook is hung on the top frame.
The second string of attachment groups comprises: the second hook is a rope connected with the second hook, and a plurality of second attaching bases are mounted on the rope; the second hook is hung on the top frame.
Preferably, the first and second attachment groups comprise: plastic plates or scallop shells.
Preferably, the length of the first string-type attachment base is 3-5 m; the length of the second string type attachment base is 2-3 meters.
Preferably, the top frame and the side frames are provided with openings.
Preferably, the ecological artificial fish reef comprises: large concrete member reefs, waste buses or ships with the main dimension of more than 2 meters.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides a fish whole-life history type marine ranch, which has the following technical effects:
1) the whole life history marine ranch for the fishes provided by the invention comprehensively considers the whole life history of the fishes, and provides spawning protection, larval and juvenile fish culture, larval and adult fish inhabitation places for reefs, migratory fishes and cephalopods in the same marine ranch.
2) According to the spawning behaviors and ecological characteristics of common fishes, cephalopods and shellfish in coastal areas, a shoreline is used as a basis, a shoreline-type spawning protection reef mainly simulating a sea grass bed is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 4-6m, a spawning bed is provided for cephalopods such as octopus and the like which produce adhesive eggs, and shelters are provided for hatching larvae of the fishes.
3) According to the whole life history type marine ranch for the fishes, provided by the invention, the comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef which is suitable for the young fishes to inhabit is constructed within the water depth of 10-15 m according to the behavior characteristics of the young fishes of the main reef economic fishes in the marine ranch. Through the targeted design of the internal space of the fish reef, the internal and external channels and the like, the fish reef is only suitable for the inhabitation of juvenile fish but not suitable for the inhabitation and the swimming fishing of adult fish, so that the fish reef becomes a main inhabitation place before the immature fish stage (before 3 years old). The attaching base of the cultivation type artificial fish reef can also provide an attaching base for metamorphosis attachment of floating larvae such as common mussels and scallops and attachment of algae, and the excrement of the shellfish and fish and the algae can also provide bait for benthic sea cucumbers and the like.
4) According to the fish whole-life-history marine ranch provided by the invention, adult fish are gathered by means of large concrete member reefs with the main scale of more than 2 meters, or waste buses, ships and the like, and the adult fish are fished to obtain a sea fishing field with rich resources in a water depth range of about 20 meters, so that the increasing demand of leisure sea fishing industry on a large amount of adult fish resources is met. Meanwhile, the fish reef has a larger open space, and is more convenient for fishing enthusiasts to obtain the fish.
5) The whole-life-history marine ranch for the fishes, provided by the invention, can be used for adjusting the perching capacity of each life history stage of the fishes according to the relation of biodiversity in the ranch area in the same marine ranch area to achieve the quantity balance among generations, so that sufficient and large quantities of adult fishing objects can be continuously provided for the leisure trip fishing industry in the marine ranch area.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fish whole-life-history marine ranch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the skeleton and internal grid provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an artificial simulated seaweed provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the marine effect of the marine forest type spawning protection reef according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a main frame according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cascade of attachment groups according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second string attachment provided in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the marine effect of the comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a fish whole life history type marine ranch, which comprises: a marine forest type spawning protection reef 1, a comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef 2 and an ecological type artificial fish reef 3;
according to the spawning behaviors and ecological characteristics of common fishes, cephalopods and shellfish in coastal areas, on the basis of a coastline, a marine forest type spawning protection reef 1 mainly simulating a seaweed bed is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 4-6m, a comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef 2 mainly protecting juvenile fish resources is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 10-15 m, and an ecological artificial fish reef 3 mainly trapping the fish is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of more than or equal to 20 m.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the marine forest type spawning protection reef 1 includes: the artificial seaweed simulation system comprises a main framework 11, an internal grid 12 connected to the main framework 11 and artificial simulation seaweeds 13 hung on the main framework 11 and the internal grid 12.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the main framework 11 is formed by welding steel bars; the internal grid 12 is formed by tying reinforcing bars or first ropes to each other while crossing each other.
It should be noted here that the present invention is not limited to the specific shape of the internal mesh, and may be rectangular, and preferably may be square.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the artificial simulated seaweed 13 is made of a second rope made of hemp or fiber, and a third rope with the diameter of 4-6mm and the length of 20-30cm is inserted into the second rope.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef 2 includes: a main frame 21, a first string attachment base 22, and a second string attachment base 23;
the main frame 21 has a bottom opening structure; the main frame 21 has a first string-type attachment base 22 suspended from the upper portion thereof, and a second string-type attachment base 23 suspended from the inside thereof.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the main frame 21 includes: a top frame 211 and a side frame 212 connected to the top frame 211; the top frame 211 and the side frames 212 enclose a space; the top frame 211 has a first string-type attaching base 22 suspended on the top thereof, and a second string-type attaching base 23 suspended in the space.
It should be noted here that the shape of the space enclosed by the top frame and the side frames is not limited, and the space may be rectangular, and more specifically, may be square.
It should be noted that, the top frame and the side frames may be welded into frameworks with equal mesh size by using steel bars, or welded into frameworks with different mesh size, and may be adjusted according to actual situations.
In order to further optimize the above solution, the first string-type attachment base 22 includes: a first hook 221, a float ball 222 connected with the first hook 221 through a rope; a plurality of first attachment bases 223 are disposed on the cord; the first hook 221 is hung on the top frame 211.
The second string attachment 23 includes: the second hook 231 is a rope connected with the second hook 231, and a plurality of second attaching bases 232 are arranged on the rope; the second hook 231 is hung on the top frame 211.
To further optimize the above solution, the first attachment group 223 and the second attachment group 232 include: plastic plates or scallop shells.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the length of the first string-type attaching bases 22 is 3-5 meters; the length of the second string-type attachment base 23 is 2-3 m.
Here, the materials used for the first adhesion group and the second adhesion group may be the same or different; even on the same substrate, substrates of different materials may be used.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the top frame 211 and the side frames 212 are both provided with openings 213, which is convenient for divers to enter the main frame for observation.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the ecological artificial fish reef 3 includes: large concrete member reefs, waste buses or ships with the main dimension of more than 2 meters.
The technical scheme of the invention is further illustrated by combining specific examples.
For the marine forest type spawning protection reef, a threaded steel bar with the diameter of 20mm or 25mm is welded into a frame structure to serve as a main framework, and ropes or steel bars are adopted for internal grids according to conditions; in practice, the internal reinforcement can be replaced by a rope in order to save material. When the water depth is less than 5m, the main framework can be sunk into the sea bottom, and a plurality of artificial simulated seaweeds are suspended on the upper part of the main framework, such as: 3m of artificial simulated seaweed. When the depth of water is greater than or equal to 5m, usable body floats the main frame in the surface of water, and a plurality of artificial simulation seaweeds are hung to the lower part, if: hanging 5m of artificial simulated seaweed. When the artificial simulation seaweed hanging device is specifically implemented, a heavy object can be hung at the bottom of the hung artificial simulation seaweed, and the artificial simulation seaweed is prevented from floating upwards under the action of seawater buoyancy. The artificial simulated seaweed can be made of materials according to local conditions. And building the undersea forest type artificial fish reef with the volume of 300-500 cubic feet according to the height of the artificial simulated seaweed.
For the comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef, a main frame is welded by adopting twisted steel bars with the diameter of 20mm or 25mm, the side length is 10 meters, the height is 3 meters, a plurality of strings of first string type attachment bases are hung on the upper portion of the main frame through floating balls, the length is 3-5 meters, a plurality of strings of second string type attachment bases are hung inside the main frame, and the length is 2-3 meters, so that shellfish and algae can be conveniently attached. Wherein the first string type attaching base and the second string type attaching base can be made of plastic plates or fan shells and other objects. The openings are formed in the periphery and the top of the main frame, so that a diver can conveniently enter the main frame to observe. The main frame of the comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef is 300 hollows, and the upper first string type attachment base is 600-800 hollows, so that the comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef is suitable for throwing into sea areas with water depth of about 10-15 meters, slow flowing water and low storm tide risk.
The ecological artificial fish reef is made of reinforced concrete materials, the main scale of the artificial fish reef is more than 2 meters, or a waste bus, a ship and the like, and the volume of the formed air space can be set according to the needs of an actual marine ranch.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A fish whole-life history type marine ranch, comprising: a marine forest type spawning protection reef (1), a comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef (2) and an ecological type artificial fish reef (3);
according to the spawning behaviors and ecological characteristics of common fishes, cephalopods and shellfish in coastal areas, on the basis of a coastline, a marine forest type spawning protection reef (1) mainly simulating a seaweed bed is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 4-6m, a comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef (2) mainly protecting juvenile fish resources is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of 10-15 m, and an ecological type artificial fish reef (3) mainly attracting and collecting fishes is constructed in a sea area with the water depth of more than or equal to 20 m;
the marine forest type spawning protection reef (1) comprises: the artificial seaweed simulation system comprises a main framework (11), an internal grid (12) connected to the main framework (11) and artificial simulation seaweeds (13) hung on the main framework (11) and the internal grid (12);
the comprehensive cultivation type artificial fish reef (2) comprises: a main frame (21), a first string-type attaching base (22), and a second string-type attaching base (23);
the main frame (21) is of a bottom opening structure; a first string type attachment base (22) is suspended on the upper part of the main frame (21), and a second string type attachment base (23) is suspended in the main frame;
the ecological artificial fish reef (3) comprises: large concrete member reefs, waste buses or ships with the main dimension of more than 2 meters.
2. The fish whole-life-history marine ranch according to claim 1, characterized in that said main skeleton (11) is welded by steel bars; the internal grid (12) is formed by mutually crossing and binding reinforcing steel bars or first ropes.
3. The fish whole-life-history marine ranch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the artificial simulated algae (13) is made of a second rope made of hemp or fiber, and a third rope with a diameter of 4-6mm and a length of 20-30cm is inserted in the second rope.
4. A fish whole-life-history marine ranch according to claim 1, characterized in that said main frame (21) comprises: a top frame (211) and a side frame (212) connected to the top frame (211); the top frame (211) and the side frames (212) enclose a space; a first string type attaching base (22) is suspended on the top of the top frame (211) in a floating mode, and a second string type attaching base (23) is suspended in the space.
5. The fish whole-life-history marine ranch of claim 4,
the first string attachment base (22) comprises: a first hook (221), a float ball (222) connected with the first hook (221) through a rope; a plurality of first attachment bases (223) are arranged on the rope; the first hook (221) is hung on the top frame (211);
the second string of attachment groups (23) comprises: the second hook (231) is a rope connected with the second hook (231), and a plurality of second attaching bases (232) are mounted on the rope; the second hook (231) is hung on the top frame (211).
6. A fish whole-life-history marine ranch according to claim 5, characterized in that said first string-like anchorage (22) has a length of 3-5 meters; the length of the second string type attachment base (23) is 2-3 m.
7. A fish whole-life-history marine ranch according to claim 6, characterized in that both the top frame (211) and the side frames (212) are provided with openings (213).
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| CN201810770650.2A CN109006613B (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Marine ranch with fish life history |
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| CN201810770650.2A CN109006613B (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Marine ranch with fish life history |
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| CN109699551A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-03 | 范振山 | Armored concrete fish shelter |
| CN113100132B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-09-20 | 烟台市海洋经济研究院 | Method for designing sinking-floating type shellfish bed based on mussel population growth model |
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| JPH1189477A (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 1999-04-06 | Tokyo Jimu Service Kk | Laying mat for artificial sea grass |
| KR100872496B1 (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2008-12-10 | 대한민국 | The structure for spawning of fish to enhance artificial spawning area |
| CN102150608B (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2013-03-13 | 中国海洋大学 | Plug-in artificial algal reef and method for constructing algal field by using same |
| CN104445586B (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-08-24 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | Water Ecological Recovery artificial aquatic weed and application |
| CN106614204B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-08-20 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of junked-auto shell fish shelter |
| CN207235840U (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-04-17 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | One kind leisure cultivation environment protection aquafarm |
| CN107343482A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-14 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | One kind leisure cultivation environment protection aquafarm |
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