CN107980674A - A kind of cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107980674A
CN107980674A CN201810000021.1A CN201810000021A CN107980674A CN 107980674 A CN107980674 A CN 107980674A CN 201810000021 A CN201810000021 A CN 201810000021A CN 107980674 A CN107980674 A CN 107980674A
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China
Prior art keywords
density breeding
pond
water surface
water
density
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CN201810000021.1A
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CN107980674B (en
Inventor
唐兴本
陆永生
马善乐
于飞
汪晓慧
潘绪伟
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Yancheng City Yongsheng Special Aquaculture Co Ltd
Lianyungang Marine And Fishery Development Promotion Center
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Yancheng City Yongsheng Special Aquaculture Co Ltd
Lianyungang Marine And Fishery Development Promotion Center
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Priority to CN201810000021.1A priority Critical patent/CN107980674B/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/10—Cleaning bottoms or walls of ponds or receptacles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish, equipped with high-density breeding pond, the waters of the water inlet end in high-density breeding pond and water outlet with the big water surface communicates;The both sides in high-density breeding pond are provided with partition wall, along the uniformly distributed micro-pipe in partition wall base or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam;The water inlet and water outlet in high-density breeding pond are both provided with anti-escape network;The water inlet end in high-density breeding pond, which is provided with, pushes away water installations and bait-laying device for fish, pushing away water installations includes pushing away level board into 50 °~70 ° with the water surface, push away and micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam are housed on level board, gas out acts on through micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam and pushes away level board, under the promotion of reaction force, the water body of the big water surface is fed in high-density breeding pond;Using big water surface water body recycling in high-density breeding pond, indirect relative increase breeding water body utilizes space, and big cultured output is obtained in small breeding spaces so as to reach, creates good Benefits in economic and social terms.

Description

A kind of cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural technique, particularly a kind of cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish.
Background technology
The so-called big water surface, including the water body such as reservoir, lake, stream.In the big water surface, people have carried out various support Grow pattern.Traditional aquaculture model mainly using extensive proliferation and culturing mode, is bred, yield by the nutriment in water body It is unstable;In order to meet needs of the mankind to aquaculture product, people take the intensive cultures such as fence, purse seine, net cage again Pattern, it, which is relied primarily on, feeds bait, fertilising etc., and cultured output increases, but cultured output is limited, occurs during cultivation The problem of such or such.
How big water surface resource is rationally fully utilized, allow big water surface behaviour class to provide the aquatic products of abundant high quality, together When reduce the various deficiencies or negative effect that traditional breeding way brings, be the problem that aquatic products practitioner needs to solve.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved in view of the defects of the present invention is to propose one kind easy to intensive culture, The cultural method of the big water surface high-density breeding fish compared with high yield is obtained in fine-grained management, unit of water body.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions, a kind of big water surface high-density breeding The cultural method of fish, its main feature is that:
Equipped with high-density breeding pond, the waters of the water inlet end in high-density breeding pond and water outlet with the big water surface communicates;
The both sides in high-density breeding pond are provided with partition wall, along the uniformly distributed micro-pipe in partition wall base or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam;It is high The water inlet and water outlet in density culture pond are both provided with anti-escape network;
High-density breeding pond is equipped with smooth bottom of pond, and bottom of pond is 0.5%~1% by the gradient ratio of water inlet to water outlet;
The water inlet end in high-density breeding pond, which is provided with, pushes away water installations and bait-laying device for fish,
It is described to push away that water installations include being arranged on the centre in high-density breeding pond or position on the upper side pushes away level board, push away pushing away for level board The water surface and the water surface into 50 °~70 ° angles towards high-density breeding pond side above set, push away on level board equipped with micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or Gas exhausting stone beam, gas out act on through micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam and push away level board, under the promotion of reaction force, greatly The water body of the water surface is fed in high-density breeding pond;
The water outlet in high-density breeding pond is provided with sewage sump, and sewage sump is equipped with the dirty pipe of pumping to connect with taking out sewage pump.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention can also realize further by the following technical programs, high-density breeding pond It is arranged side by side and is formed by several little Chi.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention can also further realize that little Chi Chi Geng are highly by the following technical programs It is long for 1.5m~2m:Width is 2~3:1, each little Chi ponds open area is 20m2~50m2。
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention can also realize further by the following technical programs, high-density breeding pond 2% of area not higher than whole big water surface area.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention can also realize further by the following technical programs, high-density breeding pond Area be the 0.5%~1% of whole big water surface area.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention can also realize further by the following technical programs, high-density breeding pond Passage is set above water inlet end, and bait-laying device for fish is installed on a passage.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention can also realize further by the following technical programs, high-density breeding pond Bottom of pond be higher by big water surface bottom of pond 20cm~30cm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention physical agent, chemistry that the output of aquatic products of aquaculture is provided with water environment What the factor, biotic factor etc. were positively correlated, under normal equal management condition, breeding water body volume is bigger, aquatic The yield of product is higher;, can situations such as being conducive to preferably observe water quality situation, fish movement in less breeding spaces With situation timely according to the observation, using corresponding management measure;It can take what some other aquaculture models can not use Fine-grained management technology, further improves the yield and quality of cultured fishes.The present invention carries out small-scale height in the big water surface Density culture, is circulated by continuous water, and the various biochemical indicators and the big water surface in high-density breeding pond are essentially identical;Utilize flood Face water body is recycled high-density breeding pond, and indirect relative increase breeding water body utilizes space, so as to reach Big cultured output is obtained in small breeding spaces, creates good Benefits in economic and social terms.Due to carrying out high-density breeding During, the processing and the eco-management of the big water surface, the big water surface of focusing on sewage are a good ecological environment all the time, institute With present invention cultivation is formal high-density breeding, substantial ecologic breeding.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Concrete technical scheme of the invention described further below, in order to which those skilled in the art is further understood that The present invention, without forming the limitation to its right.
A kind of cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish,
Equipped with high-density breeding pond, the waters of the water inlet end in high-density breeding pond and water outlet with the big water surface communicates;
The both sides in high-density breeding pond are provided with partition wall, along the uniformly distributed micro-pipe in partition wall base or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam;It is high The water inlet and water outlet in density culture pond are both provided with anti-escape network;
High-density breeding pond is equipped with smooth bottom of pond, and bottom of pond is 0.5%~1% by the gradient ratio of water inlet to water outlet;
The water inlet end in high-density breeding pond, which is provided with, pushes away water installations and bait-laying device for fish,
It is described to push away that water installations include being arranged on the centre in high-density breeding pond or position on the upper side pushes away level board, push away pushing away for level board The water surface and the water surface into 50 °~70 ° angles towards high-density breeding pond side above set, push away on level board equipped with micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or Gas exhausting stone beam, gas out act on through micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam and push away level board, under the promotion of reaction force, greatly The water body of the water surface is fed in high-density breeding pond;
The water outlet in high-density breeding pond is provided with sewage sump, and sewage sump is equipped with the dirty pipe of pumping to connect with taking out sewage pump.
High-density breeding pond is arranged side by side by several little Chi and formed.Little Chi Chi Geng are highly 1.5m~2m, long:Width is 2 ~3:1, each little Chi ponds open area is 20m2~50m2。
2% of the area in high-density breeding pond not higher than whole big water surface area.The area in high-density breeding pond is preferably whole The 0.5%~1% of a big water surface area.
Passage is set above the water inlet end of high-density breeding pond, and bait-laying device for fish is installed on a passage.The pond in high-density breeding pond Bottom is higher by big water surface bottom of pond 20cm~30cm.
The big water surface
The big waters surface such as reservoir of the area not less than 50 mu, lake, stream, the aquaculture model that present invention can be used to describe carry out Fish culture.
As shown in the figure:The 1 big water surface, 2 push away water installations, 3 bait-laying device for fish, 4 pumping sewage pumps, 5 sewage sumps, 6 high-density breeding ponds.
Aquaculture pond
(1)Cultured area
In order to reach optimal fish culture effect, while the ecological environment of the big water surface is protected, cultivation pool area must not be higher than whole The 2% of a big water surface, it is appropriate with 0.5%~1%.
(2)Cultivate position
Water, electricity, traffic etc. are convenient;It is affected by the wind on a side of the less big water surface;Big water surface water level is stablized relatively;Build pond The depth of water of position is 1.5m~2m;Building pond, nearby flood surface current water is unobstructed.
(3)Direction
The direction parallel along dykes and dams corresponding with the big water surface, block build high-density breeding Chi Geng;Narrow side both ends open, does not build and builds pond The ridge.
(4)Specification
The cement pit ridge is highly 1.5m~2m, long:Width is 2~3:1, each pond open area 20m2~50m2.
(5)Bottom of pond
Cement bottom, it is smooth, between circulation water inlet and water outlet, there is gradient among base angle and cement bottom, slope exists than control 0.5%~1%.
(6)Chi Kou is laid out
All Chi Kou connect together in flakes, and all same such as specification, direction.
Anti-escape network(Prevent fish from escaping)
(1)Material:
Building lattice are deleted, polyethylene etc..
(2)Specification
After mesh breaks a mesh, the nothing such as fish is escaped.
(3)It is fixed
Building lattice are deleted and are fixed on unlimited narrow side both ends, prevent fish from escaping;It can be deleted when fish specification is small in building lattice The polyethylene net of upper fixed dimension, can also replace different mesh polyethylene nets several times, after fish reach certain specification Repeatedly replace polyethylene net.
Inflation
(1)Aerator
Cultivation specification, density, species according to fish etc., according to 100m3Water body is equipped with wanting for 1kw~1.5kw power aerators Outfit is asked, and has spare aerator.
(2)Gas ducting and valve
Conventional configuration and installation.
(3)Micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam
In longitudinal Chi Geng(Long side)The uniformly distributed micro-pipe in base or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam;In cement pit narrow side(Short side)Opening One end among or it is slightly elevated, micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam be installed along cross section direction, and by micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone Or gas exhausting stone beam is fixed on the water surface on 50 °~70 ° of tablet.
It is other
(1)Passageway
It is to be erected at cement pit narrow side(Short side)On cement pathway, easy to staff carry out production operation;The end is also high The recirculated water of density culture enters one end of cement pit from the big water surface;Electric wire, tracheae, with the water surface into 50 °~70 ° tablet etc. It is fixed on below cement aisle;On passageway, there is one end that automatic feeder is installed on each cement pit mouth.
It should be particularly noted that, the surface of 50 °~70 ° of tablet is smooth, smooth, elastic;Fixation, it is impossible to shake Dynamic or change direction;40 °~20 ° of the reaction force direction that tablet produces and the water surface.
(2)Sewage sump
Opposite with passageway, i.e., the recirculated water of high-density breeding enters one end of the big water surface from cement pit(Short side)Outside;And The place that each pond remaining bait, excrement etc. are flowed into and concentrated from each Chi Kou, equivalent to the sewer of indoor high-density cultivation, but Have any different again;The summation of the length of entirety pond mouth width degree, dirt collection well width is 0.8m~1.5m, and strip fluted body, uses water After remaining bait, excrement etc. are pumped into blow-off pipe by pump by the dirty pipe of pumping, sewage treatment tank is flowed into.
(3)Cement bottom extends
Since high-density breeding pond is built upon in the big water surface in mud bottom, processing is bad, and recirculated water may cause high-density breeding to use Water is muddy, can take two methods, first, cement pit bottom is higher by big water surface bottom of pond 20cm~30cm, second, cement pit bottom to Big water surface bottom extension, mainly big water surface water enter one side that cement pit is circulated(There is the one side in passageway).
(4)Aid in separation net
Main fixation is erected on other three side without separation net of sewage sump, and mesh is relatively less than normal, and one is easy for dirt collection behaviour Make, second, preventing small dimension fish etc. from slipping through the net.
Production operation
1st, investigate
The first-hand data with the relevant cultivation of the big water surface is grasped, determines kind, density, collocation of cultured fishes etc..
2nd, build and build aquaculture pond
Determine cultured area, selection cultivation place, design pond structure, specification, bottom of pond, anti-escape network, integral layout etc., block is built Aquaculture pond.
The 3rd, oxygen increasing equipment and auxiliary facility are installed, ensure the normal operation of water circulation.
4th, seed selection and dispensing in cement pit
After above-mentioned work completion, seed is selected according to market situation, the specification of the seed of general fish is 50g/ tails~200g/ Tail, if seed size is less than normal, net cage can be set in cement pit, is cultivated in net cage, after appropriate specification to be achieved, Cement pit is placed into be cultivated.Cultivation density is generally 75 tails/m3~150 tails/m3, specific cultivation density will be according to cultivation skill Art qualification, cultivating condition, breed variety are flexibly grasped.
5th, the seed of the big water surface is launched
During industrial aquaculture, there is part organic granular to enter the big water surface, at this moment can increase in the big water surface and put omnivorousness, filter Feeding fish, such as carp, Tilapia mossambica, crucian, mullet, variegated carp, silver carp, specifically putting seedling density and specification does not have uniform requirement, To be adjusted according to the water quality of the big water surface, cultivation scale, technology, sale etc..
6th, bait feeding
The abundance of food is fed in order to accurately grasp, reduces water pollution, it is proposed that puffing bait is fed, is fed daily 7 times~8 times, Each feeding volume divides~8 points to satisfy for fish 6, with reference to related data, can feed grope by measuring weight, so that Find suitable bait feeding quantity.
7th, micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or the oxygenation of gas exhausting stone beam and water circulate
24 start shooting oxygenation when small, in bait feeding, to observe flowing velocity of the bait in recirculated water, prevent that bait is premature Flow out feeding area, it may be necessary to adjust oxygenation tolerance, increase bait feeding number, reduce each Feeding time.
8th, disease control
Reduce the destruction to big water surface water environment to the greatest extent, ensure the ecological environment of the big water surface, it may be necessary to pass through pharmaceutical chemistry or bait The diseases such as feed additives prevention fish.
9th, blowdown
Remaining bait, the excrement such as cement pit is interior, sewage sump is interior etc. are exhausted in time, reduce organic matter product in the big water surface as far as possible It is poly-.
10th, daily management
Situations such as running check anti-escape network, oxygenation facility;Often observation fish movement situation, water quality situation;Often listen to weather Forecast and understanding periphery cultivation situation, timely solution of pinpointing the problems.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish, it is characterised in that:
    Equipped with high-density breeding pond, the waters of the water inlet end in high-density breeding pond and water outlet with the big water surface communicates;
    The both sides in high-density breeding pond are provided with partition wall, along the uniformly distributed micro-pipe in partition wall base or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam;It is high The water inlet and water outlet in density culture pond are both provided with anti-escape network;
    High-density breeding pond is equipped with smooth bottom of pond, and bottom of pond is 0.5%~1% by the gradient ratio of water inlet to water outlet;
    The water inlet end in high-density breeding pond, which is provided with, pushes away water installations and bait-laying device for fish,
    It is described to push away that water installations include being arranged on the centre in high-density breeding pond or position on the upper side pushes away level board, push away pushing away for level board The water surface and the water surface into 50 °~70 ° angles towards high-density breeding pond side above set, push away on level board equipped with micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or Gas exhausting stone beam, gas out act on through micro-pipe or gas exhausting stone or gas exhausting stone beam and push away level board, under the promotion of reaction force, greatly The water body of the water surface is fed in high-density breeding pond;
    The water outlet in high-density breeding pond is provided with sewage sump, and sewage sump is equipped with the dirty pipe of pumping to connect with taking out sewage pump.
  2. 2. the cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:High-density breeding Pond is arranged side by side by several little Chi and formed.
  3. 3. the cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The little Chi ponds ridge is high Spend for 1.5m~2m, length:Width is 2~3:1, each little Chi ponds open area is 20m2~50m2。
  4. 4. the cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:High-density breeding 2% of the area in pond not higher than whole big water surface area.
  5. 5. the cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:High-density breeding The area in pond is the 0.5%~1% of whole big water surface area.
  6. 6. the cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:High-density breeding Passage is set above the water inlet end of pond, and bait-laying device for fish is installed on a passage.
  7. 7. the cultural method of big water surface high-density breeding fish according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:High-density breeding The bottom of pond in pond is higher by big water surface bottom of pond 20cm~30cm.
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CN109169424A (en) * 2018-10-20 2019-01-11 唐山海都水产食品有限公司 A kind of fish pond ecological intensive culture system
CN109287529A (en) * 2018-10-20 2019-02-01 唐山海都水产食品有限公司 Pond ecological intensive farming system and method for efficient collection and extraction of fish manure
CN110622908A (en) * 2019-10-30 2019-12-31 张桂云 Running water fish culture type water pushing and oxygen increasing system and culture method thereof
CN111567449A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-08-25 丁理法 Relay recirculating aquaculture method for fishes and shellfishes in seawater pond

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