CA2315080A1 - Uv protected electrochromic device - Google Patents
Uv protected electrochromic device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2315080A1 CA2315080A1 CA002315080A CA2315080A CA2315080A1 CA 2315080 A1 CA2315080 A1 CA 2315080A1 CA 002315080 A CA002315080 A CA 002315080A CA 2315080 A CA2315080 A CA 2315080A CA 2315080 A1 CA2315080 A1 CA 2315080A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrochromic device
- nanoparticles
- electrochromic
- films
- silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
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- -1 Si y Ge l-y Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
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- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IAJNXBNRYMEYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C(C#N)C(=O)OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IAJNXBNRYMEYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004761 hexafluorosilicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical group [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactonitrile Chemical compound CC(O)C#N WOFDVDFSGLBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octocrylene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C(C#N)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FMJSMJQBSVNSBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWBKZBJAVASNII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O TWBKZBJAVASNII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorobutanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001692 polycarbonate urethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- WDFTWKQHSSVVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WDFTWKQHSSVVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UZPUXLRDLVOKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UZPUXLRDLVOKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1503—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect caused by oxidation-reduction reactions in organic liquid solutions, e.g. viologen solutions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/36—Micro- or nanomaterials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19756740A DE19756740A1 (de) | 1997-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | UV-geschützte elektrochrome Vorrichtung |
| DE19756740.1 | 1997-12-19 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/007976 WO1999032574A1 (de) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-08 | Uv-geschützte elektrochrome vorrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2315080A1 true CA2315080A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
Family
ID=7852658
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002315080A Abandoned CA2315080A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-08 | Uv protected electrochromic device |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6466355B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1042427B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2001527221A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100564864B1 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE268805T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU741615B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9813759A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2315080A1 (enExample) |
| DE (2) | DE19756740A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2223146T3 (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL341100A1 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW557383B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1999032574A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19905797A1 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-17 | Bayer Ag | Elektrochrome Vorrichtung mit Nanoteilchen und UV-Absorber in der Schutzschicht |
| US6262832B1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-07-17 | Gentex Corporation | Anodic electrochromic materials having a solublizing moiety |
| CA2467840A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-05 | University Of Florida | Electrochromic polymers and polymer electrochromic devices |
| US9402791B1 (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2016-08-02 | James Beckman | Ultra-violet radiation absorbing silicon particle nanoclusters |
| US8679538B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2014-03-25 | James Beckman | Ultra-violet radiation absorbing silicon particle nanoclusters |
| DE102005049081B3 (de) * | 2005-10-13 | 2007-06-06 | Webasto Ag | Schichtanordnung zur Abdunklung einer transparenten Scheibe |
| DE102006039325A1 (de) * | 2006-08-22 | 2008-02-28 | Siemens Ag | Elektrochrome Formulierung und Vorrichtung mit der elektrochromen Formulierung |
| ES2935269T3 (es) * | 2006-11-06 | 2023-03-03 | Agency Science Tech & Res | Pila de barrera de encapsulación de nanopartículas |
| US10103359B2 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2018-10-16 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Multilayer film for encapsulating oxygen and/or moisture sensitive electronic devices |
| US8506741B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2013-08-13 | Nexolve Corporation | Protective film |
| US8867116B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-21 | Gentex Corporation | Distate electrochromic device |
| KR101944035B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-25 | 2019-01-30 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 투명표시장치 |
| BR112017010144A2 (pt) * | 2014-11-14 | 2018-01-09 | Heliotrope Tech Inc | dispositivo eletrocrômico contendo nanopartículas de óxido de metal e material de bloqueio ultravioleta |
| EP3025700A1 (de) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-01 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verwendung von Silicium enthaltenden Partikeln zum Schutz vor UV-Strahlung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie Formulierungen enthaltend diese |
| AU2017236013B2 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2019-07-11 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd | Uv-protective compositions and their use |
| JP2018514509A (ja) | 2015-03-24 | 2018-06-07 | ランダ ラブス（２０１２）リミテッド | Ｕｖ防御組成物およびそれらの使用 |
| US10900277B1 (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2021-01-26 | Heliotrope Technologies, Inc. | Monolithic electrochromic window manufacturing methods |
| US20220317536A1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2022-10-06 | Heliotrope Europe S.L. | Methods of manufacturing nanocrystal thin films and electrochromic devices containing nanocrystal thin films |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3280701A (en) | 1961-09-05 | 1966-10-25 | Donnelly Mirrors Inc | Optically variable one-way mirror |
| US4902108A (en) | 1986-03-31 | 1990-02-20 | Gentex Corporation | Single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic devices, solutions for use therein, and uses thereof |
| US5151816A (en) | 1989-12-29 | 1992-09-29 | Donnelly Corporation | Method for reducing current leakage and enhancing uv stability in electrochemichromic solutions and devices |
| DE3917323A1 (de) | 1989-05-27 | 1990-11-29 | Basf Ag | 2,5-biscyanimino-2,5-dihydrothieno(3.2-b)thiophene, diese enthaltende charge-transfer-komplexe und radikalalanionensalze dieser cyaniminoverbindungen |
| US5140455A (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1992-08-18 | Donnelly Corporation | High performance electrochemichromic solutions and devices thereof |
| US5457564A (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1995-10-10 | Molecular Displays, Inc. | Complementary surface confined polymer electrochromic materials, systems, and methods of fabrication therefor |
| DE4007058A1 (de) | 1990-03-07 | 1991-09-12 | Miles Inc | Naphthotriazoliumsalze |
| US5280380A (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1994-01-18 | Gentex Corporation | UV-stabilized compositions and methods |
| CA2049230C (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1999-10-19 | Robert P. Hatch | 2-benzothiazolyl tetrazolium salt indicators |
| CA2049237C (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1999-10-19 | Gunther Beck | 2-thiazolyl tetrazolium salt indicators |
| FR2677246B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-04 | 1995-02-24 | Oreal | Utilisation de nanopigments d'oxydes metalliques pour proteger la keratine des cheveux contre les agressions atmospheriques, et composition gelifiee utilisant ces nanopigments. |
| US5352725A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1994-10-04 | Kerr-Mcgee Chemical Corporation | Attenuation of polymer substrate degradation due to ultraviolet radiation |
| DE4214719C2 (de) | 1992-05-04 | 1995-02-02 | Starck H C Gmbh Co Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung feinteiliger Metall- und Keramikpulver |
| DE4219287A1 (de) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Anorganische Füllstoffe und organische Matrixmaterialien mit Brechungsindex-Anpassung |
| GB9312045D0 (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1993-07-28 | Tioxide Specialties Ltd | Compositions containing sunscreens |
| WO1995009895A1 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-04-13 | Kao Corporation | Ultraviolet shielding composite fine particles, method for producing the same, and cosmetics |
| DE4435211A1 (de) | 1993-10-04 | 1995-04-27 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Substituierte Diketopyrrole und elektrochrome Stoffzusammensetzungen |
| US5604626A (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 1997-02-18 | Donnelly Corporation | Photochromic devices |
| JP3752010B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-04 | 2006-03-08 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 調光素子 |
| US5928572A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1999-07-27 | Gentex Corporation | Electrochromic layer and devices comprising same |
| JP4024858B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-15 | 2007-12-19 | エコール ポリテクニーク フェデラル ドゥ ローザンヌ | エレクトロクロモフォリック化合物及び感光性化合物 |
| AU3140997A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1998-01-05 | Midwest Research Institute | Photoelectrochemical-electrochromic device |
| DE19631728A1 (de) | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Elektrochrome Anzeigevorrichtung |
| EP0958526B1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2005-06-15 | University College Dublin | Electrochromic system |
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 DE DE19756740A patent/DE19756740A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-12-08 WO PCT/EP1998/007976 patent/WO1999032574A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-08 EP EP98966261A patent/EP1042427B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 JP JP2000525500A patent/JP2001527221A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-08 DE DE59811552T patent/DE59811552D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 KR KR1020007006761A patent/KR100564864B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 BR BR9813759-0A patent/BR9813759A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-08 AU AU22684/99A patent/AU741615B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-08 CA CA002315080A patent/CA2315080A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-08 US US09/581,395 patent/US6466355B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 ES ES98966261T patent/ES2223146T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 PL PL98341100A patent/PL341100A1/xx unknown
- 1998-12-08 AT AT98966261T patent/ATE268805T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-17 TW TW087121010A patent/TW557383B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6466355B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
| ATE268805T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
| JP2001527221A (ja) | 2001-12-25 |
| EP1042427A1 (de) | 2000-10-11 |
| TW557383B (en) | 2003-10-11 |
| AU2268499A (en) | 1999-07-12 |
| PL341100A1 (en) | 2001-03-26 |
| KR100564864B1 (ko) | 2006-03-28 |
| WO1999032574A1 (de) | 1999-07-01 |
| ES2223146T3 (es) | 2005-02-16 |
| DE59811552D1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
| BR9813759A (pt) | 2000-10-03 |
| DE19756740A1 (de) | 1999-06-24 |
| AU741615B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
| EP1042427B1 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
| KR20010033314A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |