CA1221731A - Electrochemical cell - Google Patents
Electrochemical cellInfo
- Publication number
- CA1221731A CA1221731A CA000454826A CA454826A CA1221731A CA 1221731 A CA1221731 A CA 1221731A CA 000454826 A CA000454826 A CA 000454826A CA 454826 A CA454826 A CA 454826A CA 1221731 A CA1221731 A CA 1221731A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- matrix
- cell
- cathode
- molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 sodium aluminium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 42
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 10
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZSFZQNSWHYVSDP-UHFFFAOYSA-G dialuminum;sodium;heptachloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] ZSFZQNSWHYVSDP-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001538 sodium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000490229 Eucephalus Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052645 tectosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002043 β-alumina solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8314235 | 1983-05-23 | ||
| GB838314235A GB8314235D0 (en) | 1983-05-23 | 1983-05-23 | Electrochemical cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1221731A true CA1221731A (en) | 1987-05-12 |
Family
ID=10543213
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000454826A Expired CA1221731A (en) | 1983-05-23 | 1984-05-22 | Electrochemical cell |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4529676A (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS59224077A (en, 2012) |
| AU (1) | AU563706B2 (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1221731A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE3419279A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2546668B1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (2) | GB8314235D0 (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT1196116B (en, 2012) |
| SE (1) | SE455828B (en, 2012) |
| ZA (1) | ZA843543B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8319749D0 (en) * | 1983-07-22 | 1983-08-24 | Ind Distributors Shannon Ltd | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8523444D0 (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1985-10-30 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8613800D0 (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1986-07-09 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8613799D0 (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1986-07-09 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8613796D0 (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1986-07-09 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8812586D0 (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1988-06-29 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8828230D0 (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1989-01-05 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8828229D0 (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1989-01-05 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB8829948D0 (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1989-02-15 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cells |
| GB8829949D0 (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1989-02-15 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| US4975344A (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1990-12-04 | Lilliwyte Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell |
| GB9005484D0 (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1990-05-09 | Lilliwyte Sa | Electrochemical cell |
| GB9005485D0 (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1990-05-09 | Aabh Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
| US5019470A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-05-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Metal chloride cathode for a battery |
| GB9007998D0 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1990-06-06 | Aabh Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
| GB9011035D0 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1990-07-04 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
| CA2042322A1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-11-17 | Roger J. Bones | Electrochemical cells |
| GB2249659B (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1994-11-30 | Aabh Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
| CA2057946A1 (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1992-06-21 | Michael M. Thackeray | Electrochemical cell |
| DE4411372A1 (de) * | 1993-04-02 | 1995-01-05 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Elektrochemische Zelle |
| CA2150040A1 (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1995-12-09 | Johan Coetzer | Electrochemical cell |
| GB9512971D0 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1995-08-30 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Electrochemical cell |
| US5972533A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-10-26 | Electro Chemical Holdings Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell comprising a molten salt electrolyte containing sodium iodide |
| EP0902987B1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2002-06-05 | AABH Patent Holdings Société Anonyme | Electrochemical cell |
| CN101542787A (zh) | 2006-09-25 | 2009-09-23 | 德克萨斯州立大学董事会 | 用于锂离子电池的阳离子取代的尖晶石氧化物和氟氧化物阴极 |
| US8178231B2 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2012-05-15 | General Electric Company | Composition and energy storage device |
| US8900746B2 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2014-12-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Aqueous secondary battery |
| US8343661B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2013-01-01 | General Electric Company | Cathode compositions comprising Zn and chalcogenide and energy storage cell comprising same |
| US8329336B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2012-12-11 | General Electric Company | Composition and energy storage device |
| US8697279B2 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2014-04-15 | General Electric Company | Composition and energy storage device |
| US8945756B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2015-02-03 | Aquion Energy Inc. | Composite anode structure for aqueous electrolyte energy storage and device containing same |
| US8980459B1 (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-03-17 | Dynantis Corporation | Secondary metal chalcogenide batteries |
| KR102188914B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-01 | 2020-12-09 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 나트륨 이차전지용 전해질 및 이를 채용한 나트륨 이차전지 |
| US10601062B2 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2020-03-24 | Dynantis Corp. | Sodium metal batteries with intercalating cathode |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2115522A5 (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1972-07-07 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Sodium-sodium halide cell - using aluminium chloride-sodium halide complexes |
| DE2339845A1 (de) * | 1972-08-08 | 1974-02-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Verfahren zur herstellung einer ein metallhalogenid enthaltenden elektrode |
| US3877984A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1975-04-15 | Esb Inc | Alkali metal-metal chloride battery |
| US3969138A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-07-13 | Esb Incorporated | Sodium-aluminum halide, sulfur battery |
| US4063005A (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1977-12-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Cathode for molten salt batteries |
| ZA785067B (en) * | 1978-09-06 | 1980-04-30 | South African Inventions | Electrochemical cell |
| US4288506A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1981-09-08 | South African Inventions Development Corp. | Cathode for an electrochemical cell and an electrochemical cell |
| ZA785392B (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1980-05-28 | South African Inventions | Cathode for an electrochemical cell,and an electrochemical cell |
| CA1149865A (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1983-07-12 | Margaretha J. Nolte | Electrolyte for an electrochemical cell, and an electrochemical cell including the electrolyte |
| US4367159A (en) * | 1981-01-19 | 1983-01-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for uniformly distributing carbon flakes in a positive electrode, the electrode made thereby and compositions |
| US4452777A (en) * | 1981-06-26 | 1984-06-05 | Eic Laboratories, Inc. | Electrochemical cells |
| ZA828603B (en) * | 1981-12-10 | 1983-09-28 | South African Inventions | Electrochemical cell |
-
1983
- 1983-05-23 GB GB838314235A patent/GB8314235D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-05-10 ZA ZA843543A patent/ZA843543B/xx unknown
- 1984-05-15 GB GB08412370A patent/GB2141576B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-17 AU AU28338/84A patent/AU563706B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-05-18 FR FR8407716A patent/FR2546668B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-05-21 US US06/612,656 patent/US4529676A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-05-22 SE SE8402754A patent/SE455828B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-22 CA CA000454826A patent/CA1221731A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-22 JP JP59103537A patent/JPS59224077A/ja active Granted
- 1984-05-23 IT IT21056/84A patent/IT1196116B/it active
- 1984-05-23 DE DE19843419279 patent/DE3419279A1/de active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2833884A (en) | 1984-11-29 |
| ZA843543B (en) | 1985-01-30 |
| FR2546668B1 (fr) | 1988-02-12 |
| GB2141576B (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| DE3419279A1 (de) | 1984-11-29 |
| SE455828B (sv) | 1988-08-08 |
| JPS59224077A (ja) | 1984-12-15 |
| AU563706B2 (en) | 1987-07-16 |
| GB8412370D0 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
| GB2141576A (en) | 1984-12-19 |
| DE3419279C2 (en, 2012) | 1993-04-08 |
| SE8402754D0 (sv) | 1984-05-22 |
| SE8402754L (sv) | 1984-11-24 |
| GB8314235D0 (en) | 1983-06-29 |
| IT8421056A0 (it) | 1984-05-23 |
| JPH0586031B2 (en, 2012) | 1993-12-09 |
| US4529676A (en) | 1985-07-16 |
| IT1196116B (it) | 1988-11-10 |
| FR2546668A1 (fr) | 1984-11-30 |
| IT8421056A1 (it) | 1985-11-23 |
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