CA1101161A - Semipermeable membranes of copolyamides - Google Patents
Semipermeable membranes of copolyamidesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1101161A CA1101161A CA267,138A CA267138A CA1101161A CA 1101161 A CA1101161 A CA 1101161A CA 267138 A CA267138 A CA 267138A CA 1101161 A CA1101161 A CA 1101161A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mole
- semipermeable membrane
- formula
- units
- copolyamide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 C1 4-alkyl Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 229910013470 LiC1 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 13
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 5
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000029422 Hypernatremia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100087530 Caenorhabditis elegans rom-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024133 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000518994 Conta Species 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000910772 Homo sapiens Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100305983 Mus musculus Rom1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100161696 Myxine glutinosa ache gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/38—Polyamides prepared from aldehydes and polynitriles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/46—Post-polymerisation treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP2554932.0 | 1975-12-06 | ||
| DE19752554932 DE2554932A1 (de) | 1975-12-06 | 1975-12-06 | Semipermeable membranen aus copolyamiden |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1101161A true CA1101161A (en) | 1981-05-19 |
Family
ID=5963661
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA267,138A Expired CA1101161A (en) | 1975-12-06 | 1976-12-03 | Semipermeable membranes of copolyamides |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5270989A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | AT364733B (enExample) |
| BE (1) | BE849099A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1101161A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2554932A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2333548A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1539264A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1123942B (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL7613507A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55115428A (en) * | 1979-02-26 | 1980-09-05 | Teijin Ltd | Aromatic compolyamide and preparation thereof |
| JPS5734125A (en) * | 1980-08-07 | 1982-02-24 | Teijin Ltd | Fully aromatic polyamide fiber and film and their production |
| US4385148A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1983-05-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Reverse osmosis membrane preparation |
| JPS5855006A (ja) * | 1981-09-28 | 1983-04-01 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | ポリスルホンエ−テルアミド膜 |
| ES516206A0 (es) * | 1981-10-21 | 1983-10-01 | Du Pont | "mejoras introducidas en un procedimiento para la preparacion de una membrana de osmosis inversa". |
| DE3220376A1 (de) * | 1982-05-29 | 1983-12-01 | Seitz-Filter-Werke Theo & Geo Seitz GmbH und Co, 6550 Bad Kreuznach | Membranfilter fuer mikrofiltration und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| DE3342823A1 (de) * | 1983-11-26 | 1985-06-05 | Seitz-Filter-Werke Theo & Geo Seitz GmbH und Co, 6550 Bad Kreuznach | Verfahren zum herstellen von filterelementen auf der basis von aromatischem polyamid |
| US4621134A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1986-11-04 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Aromatic polythioetheramide |
| JPS61259727A (ja) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-11-18 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 分離膜 |
| JPS62102802A (ja) * | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 気体分離膜 |
| JPS62102803A (ja) * | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 気体分離膜 |
| US4695383A (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1987-09-22 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Permselective membrane |
| DE3731185A1 (de) * | 1987-09-17 | 1989-03-30 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Formmassen aus hochmolekularen aromatischen polyamiden |
| EP0473541A3 (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1992-05-27 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Process for enrichment or separation, copolyamide and copolyimidamide and their use |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3094511A (en) * | 1958-11-17 | 1963-06-18 | Du Pont | Wholly aromatic polyamides |
| US3349062A (en) * | 1966-07-21 | 1967-10-24 | Du Pont | Halogenated aromatic polyamides |
| US3567632A (en) * | 1968-09-04 | 1971-03-02 | Du Pont | Permselective,aromatic,nitrogen-containing polymeric membranes |
| US3904519A (en) * | 1971-10-19 | 1975-09-09 | Us Interior | Reverse osmosis process using crosslinked aromatic polyamide membranes |
| FR2193634A1 (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1974-02-22 | Du Pont | Polyimide semi-permeable membranes |
| JPS5223346B2 (enExample) * | 1972-08-30 | 1977-06-23 | ||
| US3993625A (en) * | 1973-05-28 | 1976-11-23 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Permselective polymeric membranes of organic polyamide or polyhydrazide |
| DE2556883C2 (de) * | 1974-12-27 | 1981-11-26 | Teijin Ltd., Osaka | Aromatische Copolyamide und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Fasern, Fäden, Filmen und Folien |
| DE2602493A1 (de) * | 1975-01-27 | 1976-07-29 | Ramot Plastics | Verfahren zur entfernung von harnstoff aus waessrigen loesungen |
-
1975
- 1975-12-06 DE DE19752554932 patent/DE2554932A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1976
- 1976-11-29 GB GB49609/76A patent/GB1539264A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-03 AT AT0897276A patent/AT364733B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-12-03 JP JP51144876A patent/JPS5270989A/ja active Pending
- 1976-12-03 IT IT30101/76A patent/IT1123942B/it active
- 1976-12-03 CA CA267,138A patent/CA1101161A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-03 NL NL7613507A patent/NL7613507A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-12-06 FR FR7636695A patent/FR2333548A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-12-06 BE BE172994A patent/BE849099A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA897276A (de) | 1981-04-15 |
| BE849099A (fr) | 1977-06-06 |
| DE2554932A1 (de) | 1977-06-08 |
| AT364733B (de) | 1981-11-10 |
| GB1539264A (en) | 1979-01-31 |
| NL7613507A (nl) | 1977-06-08 |
| FR2333548B1 (enExample) | 1983-02-18 |
| JPS5270989A (en) | 1977-06-13 |
| IT1123942B (it) | 1986-04-30 |
| FR2333548A1 (fr) | 1977-07-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |