CA1098429A - Method for detecting microbial pathogens employing a cushioning agent - Google Patents
Method for detecting microbial pathogens employing a cushioning agentInfo
- Publication number
- CA1098429A CA1098429A CA290,205A CA290205A CA1098429A CA 1098429 A CA1098429 A CA 1098429A CA 290205 A CA290205 A CA 290205A CA 1098429 A CA1098429 A CA 1098429A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- centrifugation
- microbial pathogens
- cushioning agent
- agent
- blood sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002934 lysing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001775 anti-pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000486442 Parastichtis suspecta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 10
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 208000013223 septicemia Diseases 0.000 description 8
- RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorotributylamine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)N(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006161 blood agar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007330 chocolate agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009631 Broth culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001050985 Disco Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001090187 Trappea Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003714 granulocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000052637 human pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124589 immunosuppressive drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010999 medical injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007431 microscopic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000242 pagocytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004910 pleural fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013014 purified material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/24—Methods of sampling, or inoculating or spreading a sample; Methods of physically isolating an intact microorganisms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/739,274 US4131512A (en) | 1976-11-05 | 1976-11-05 | Method for detecting microbial pathogens employing a cushioning agent |
| US739,274 | 1976-11-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1098429A true CA1098429A (en) | 1981-03-31 |
Family
ID=24971572
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA290,205A Expired CA1098429A (en) | 1976-11-05 | 1977-11-04 | Method for detecting microbial pathogens employing a cushioning agent |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4131512A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5386012A (OSRAM) |
| AT (1) | AT359207B (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU519142B2 (OSRAM) |
| BE (1) | BE860490A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1098429A (OSRAM) |
| CH (1) | CH636128A5 (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2747496A1 (OSRAM) |
| DK (1) | DK153763C (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES463854A1 (OSRAM) |
| FI (1) | FI60888C (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2393063A1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1546043A (OSRAM) |
| IL (1) | IL53258A (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT1090428B (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL180253C (OSRAM) |
| NO (1) | NO150521C (OSRAM) |
| NZ (1) | NZ185557A (OSRAM) |
| SE (1) | SE447485B (OSRAM) |
| ZA (1) | ZA776438B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4212948A (en) * | 1978-10-18 | 1980-07-15 | J. K. And Susie L. Wadley Research Institute And Blood Bank | Apparatus for detecting microbial pathogens employing a cushioning agent |
| US4342724A (en) * | 1980-08-21 | 1982-08-03 | E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | Red cell labeling vial |
| US5070014A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1991-12-03 | Wadley Technologies, Inc. | Stabilization of specimens for microbial analysis |
| US4581331A (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1986-04-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for the rapid detection of virus and viral antigens |
| US4693972A (en) * | 1984-01-16 | 1987-09-15 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Composition and method for rapid detection of microorganisms in clinical samples |
| US5043267A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1991-08-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for rapid detection of bacterial and fungal infection |
| EP0731847A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1996-09-18 | Gordon L. Dorn | Method for improving quantitative recovery of microorganisms fro m specimens containing blood components |
| FR2732037B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-20 | 1997-05-30 | Dbv | Procede de detection de microorganismes par separation et culture sur un systeme gelifie, systeme gelifie et necessaire de dosage pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede, utilisation en microbiologie |
| DE19801090A1 (de) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-15 | Gerhard Haase | Lysis-Filtrations-Assay LYFA |
| JP2012507712A (ja) * | 2008-10-31 | 2012-03-29 | バイオメリュー・インコーポレイテッド | 分光法を使用した微生物の分離、キャラクタリゼーションおよび／または同定方法 |
| BRPI0920114B1 (pt) * | 2008-10-31 | 2021-08-17 | Biomerieux, Inc. | Métodos para o isolamento e a identificação de micro-organismos |
| RU2519650C2 (ru) * | 2008-10-31 | 2014-06-20 | Биомерьё, Инк. | Способы разделения, характеристики и(или) идентификации микроорганизмов с помощью масс-спектрометрии |
| MX2011004169A (es) * | 2008-10-31 | 2011-09-27 | Bio Merieux Inc | Metodos para la separacion y caracterizacion de microorganismos utilizando agentes identificadores. |
| EP2364218B1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2020-04-15 | Biomerieux, Inc | Container for the isolation and identification of microorganisms |
| WO2010062350A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-06-03 | Biomerieux, Inc. | Methods for detection, characterization and/or identification of microorganisms in a sealed container |
| US8647835B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2014-02-11 | BIO MéRIEUX, INC. | Methods for separation, characterization and/or identification of microorganisms using spectroscopy |
| BRPI0919861A2 (pt) * | 2008-10-31 | 2017-04-04 | Bio Merieux Inc | metodos para a separacao, caracterizacao e/ou identificacao de micro-organismos por espectroscopia raman |
| US8975060B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2015-03-10 | Qvella Corporation | Method for pretreatment of microbial samples |
| US9707555B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2017-07-18 | Qvella Corporation | Method for pretreatment of microbial samples |
| US10596570B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2020-03-24 | Qvella Corporation | Apparatus, system and method for performing automated centrifugal separation |
| ES2846863T3 (es) * | 2015-12-11 | 2021-07-29 | Babson Diagnostics Inc | Recipiente para muestras y método para separar suero o plasma de la sangre completa |
| CN110291377B (zh) | 2016-11-14 | 2023-09-05 | 巴布森诊断公司 | 样本制备装置 |
| US20210146352A1 (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2021-05-20 | Epitope Diagnostics, Inc. | Fecal sample collection and analyte extraction device and method |
| EP3803326A4 (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2022-02-23 | Qvella Corporation | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SELECTIVE LYSIS OF BLOOD CELLS AND SEPARATION OF MICROBIAL CELLS |
| US12050052B1 (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2024-07-30 | Babson Diagnostics, Inc. | Refrigerated carrier device for biological samples |
| EP4505185A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2025-02-12 | Babson Diagnostics, Inc. | Automated centrifuge loader |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE617137A (OSRAM) * | 1961-05-02 | |||
| US3519400A (en) * | 1967-01-25 | 1970-07-07 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of centrifugal separation and recovery of chemical species utilizing a liquid medium |
| US3928139A (en) * | 1973-02-12 | 1975-12-23 | Wadley Res Inst & Blood Bank | Detection of microbial pathogens |
| US3875012A (en) * | 1974-01-30 | 1975-04-01 | Wadley Res Inst & Blood Bank | Apparatus and method for the detection of microbial pathogens |
| US3932222A (en) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-01-13 | J. K. & Susie L. Wadley Research Institute And Blood Bank | For isolating pathogenic microorganisms |
-
1976
- 1976-11-05 US US05/739,274 patent/US4131512A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-10-22 DE DE19772747496 patent/DE2747496A1/de active Granted
- 1977-10-24 AU AU29995/77A patent/AU519142B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-28 CH CH1315177A patent/CH636128A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-10-28 ZA ZA00776438A patent/ZA776438B/xx unknown
- 1977-10-28 FI FI773237A patent/FI60888C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-10-31 NZ NZ185557A patent/NZ185557A/xx unknown
- 1977-10-31 IL IL53258A patent/IL53258A/xx unknown
- 1977-11-01 NL NLAANVRAGE7712022,A patent/NL180253C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-02 FR FR7732920A patent/FR2393063A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-11-04 SE SE7712508A patent/SE447485B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-04 NO NO773796A patent/NO150521C/no unknown
- 1977-11-04 ES ES463854A patent/ES463854A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-11-04 GB GB45958/77A patent/GB1546043A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-04 CA CA290,205A patent/CA1098429A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-04 BE BE182350A patent/BE860490A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-04 DK DK492777A patent/DK153763C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-04 AT AT789477A patent/AT359207B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-04 IT IT51693/77A patent/IT1090428B/it active
- 1977-11-05 JP JP13297077A patent/JPS5386012A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA776438B (en) | 1978-06-28 |
| ATA789477A (de) | 1980-03-15 |
| AT359207B (de) | 1980-10-27 |
| SE447485B (sv) | 1986-11-17 |
| ES463854A1 (es) | 1978-06-16 |
| AU2999577A (en) | 1979-05-03 |
| DE2747496C2 (OSRAM) | 1988-03-17 |
| DE2747496A1 (de) | 1978-05-18 |
| JPS5733040B2 (OSRAM) | 1982-07-14 |
| FR2393063A1 (fr) | 1978-12-29 |
| NO150521C (no) | 1984-10-31 |
| NO150521B (no) | 1984-07-23 |
| US4131512A (en) | 1978-12-26 |
| FR2393063B1 (OSRAM) | 1981-11-27 |
| FI60888B (fi) | 1981-12-31 |
| DK153763C (da) | 1989-09-04 |
| NZ185557A (en) | 1980-11-14 |
| JPS5386012A (en) | 1978-07-29 |
| GB1546043A (en) | 1979-05-16 |
| DK492777A (da) | 1978-05-06 |
| BE860490A (fr) | 1978-05-05 |
| IL53258A0 (en) | 1977-12-30 |
| NL180253B (nl) | 1986-08-18 |
| IL53258A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
| AU519142B2 (en) | 1981-11-12 |
| NL180253C (nl) | 1987-01-16 |
| SE7712508L (sv) | 1978-05-06 |
| NO773796L (no) | 1978-05-08 |
| DK153763B (da) | 1988-08-29 |
| NL7712022A (nl) | 1978-05-09 |
| FI60888C (fi) | 1982-04-13 |
| FI773237A7 (fi) | 1978-05-06 |
| CH636128A5 (de) | 1983-05-13 |
| IT1090428B (it) | 1985-06-26 |
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