CA1090878A - Lead crystal storage cells and storage devices made therefrom - Google Patents
Lead crystal storage cells and storage devices made therefromInfo
- Publication number
- CA1090878A CA1090878A CA291,524A CA291524A CA1090878A CA 1090878 A CA1090878 A CA 1090878A CA 291524 A CA291524 A CA 291524A CA 1090878 A CA1090878 A CA 1090878A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- cadmium
- cells
- layer
- storage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 cadmium fluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000331 cadmium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075103 antimony Drugs 0.000 claims 11
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910020159 Pb—Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJJWOSAXNHWBPR-HUBLWGQQSA-N 5-[(3as,4s,6ar)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-n-(6-hydrazinyl-6-oxohexyl)pentanamide Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)NCCCCCC(=O)NN)SC[C@@H]21 IJJWOSAXNHWBPR-HUBLWGQQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100035683 Axin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101700047552 Axin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VVNCNSJFMMFHPL-VKHMYHEASA-N D-penicillamine Chemical compound CC(C)(S)[C@@H](N)C(O)=O VVNCNSJFMMFHPL-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025221 Humulus lupulus Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000369 cadmium(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075911 depen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010052322 limitin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/16—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US76890977A | 1977-02-15 | 1977-02-15 | |
| US768,909 | 1977-02-15 | ||
| US78176277A | 1977-03-28 | 1977-03-28 | |
| US781,762 | 1977-03-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1090878A true CA1090878A (en) | 1980-12-02 |
Family
ID=27118100
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA291,524A Expired CA1090878A (en) | 1977-02-15 | 1977-11-23 | Lead crystal storage cells and storage devices made therefrom |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT368323B (xx) |
| AU (1) | AU517857B2 (xx) |
| BR (1) | BR7708182A (xx) |
| CA (1) | CA1090878A (xx) |
| CH (1) | CH636483A5 (xx) |
| CS (1) | CS214885B2 (xx) |
| DE (1) | DE2750596C3 (xx) |
| ES (1) | ES473868A1 (xx) |
| FR (1) | FR2380645A1 (xx) |
| GB (1) | GB1597033A (xx) |
| HK (1) | HK20583A (xx) |
| IE (1) | IE46174B1 (xx) |
| IL (1) | IL53476A (xx) |
| IT (1) | IT1114690B (xx) |
| MX (1) | MX148202A (xx) |
| NL (1) | NL182266C (xx) |
| NO (1) | NO155318C (xx) |
| SE (1) | SE443261B (xx) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU196533B (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1988-11-28 | Ivan Lipovetz | Lead accumulator, preferably for long-lasting uniform employment |
| FR2682817A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-22 | 1993-04-23 | Gorodskoi Studenchesko Molodez | Procede de fabrication d'electrode pour accumulateur au plomb et accumulateur au plomb comportant une telle electrode. |
| CN107768672A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-03-06 | 深圳市光鼎超导精密技术有限公司 | 铅酸电池正极板结构 |
| CN107768681A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-03-06 | 深圳市光鼎超导精密技术有限公司 | 铅酸电池负极板结构 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB29228A (xx) * | 1908-12-14 | |||
| FR655340A (fr) * | 1927-05-24 | 1929-04-17 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Procédé de fabrication d'électrodes en plomb pour accumulateurs |
| DE475242C (de) * | 1927-05-25 | 1929-04-22 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Akkumulatorenplatten |
| FR657502A (fr) * | 1927-09-27 | 1929-05-23 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Procédé de préparation d'électrodes négatives pour accumulateurs |
| DE746830C (de) * | 1941-07-23 | 1944-08-25 | Dr Med Max Riese | Elektrodenplatte fuer elektrische Sammler |
| GB963760A (en) * | 1962-01-16 | 1964-07-15 | Chloride Batteries Ltd | Improvements relating to lead-acid type electric accumulators |
| DE1571926B2 (de) * | 1964-05-25 | 1973-12-06 | Ab Tudor, Stockholm | Bleiakkumulator |
| GB1307221A (en) * | 1969-01-20 | 1973-02-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Lead plate batteries |
-
1977
- 1977-11-10 FR FR7733901A patent/FR2380645A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-11-11 DE DE2750596A patent/DE2750596C3/de not_active Expired
- 1977-11-23 CA CA291,524A patent/CA1090878A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-28 NO NO774065A patent/NO155318C/no unknown
- 1977-11-28 IE IE2410/77A patent/IE46174B1/en unknown
- 1977-11-28 CH CH1451377A patent/CH636483A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-28 IL IL53476A patent/IL53476A/xx unknown
- 1977-11-29 SE SE7713522A patent/SE443261B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-02 IT IT30354/77A patent/IT1114690B/it active
- 1977-12-05 AU AU31206/77A patent/AU517857B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-08 MX MX171621A patent/MX148202A/es unknown
- 1977-12-09 BR BR7708182A patent/BR7708182A/pt unknown
- 1977-12-12 CS CS778311A patent/CS214885B2/cs unknown
- 1977-12-14 NL NLAANVRAGE7713836,A patent/NL182266C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-01-13 AT AT0024478A patent/AT368323B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-01-25 GB GB3097/78A patent/GB1597033A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-02 ES ES473868A patent/ES473868A1/es not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-06-23 HK HK205/83A patent/HK20583A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HK20583A (en) | 1983-07-01 |
| DE2750596C3 (de) | 1981-04-30 |
| DE2750596A1 (de) | 1978-09-07 |
| GB1597033A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
| NO155318B (no) | 1986-12-01 |
| BR7708182A (pt) | 1979-07-03 |
| AU3120677A (en) | 1979-06-14 |
| IE46174L (en) | 1978-08-15 |
| SE7713522L (sv) | 1978-08-16 |
| IE46174B1 (en) | 1983-03-23 |
| NL182266B (nl) | 1987-09-01 |
| CH636483A5 (en) | 1983-05-31 |
| FR2380645B1 (xx) | 1983-08-26 |
| DE2750596B2 (de) | 1980-07-03 |
| IT1114690B (it) | 1986-01-27 |
| MX148202A (es) | 1983-03-18 |
| NL7713836A (nl) | 1978-08-17 |
| NO774065L (no) | 1978-08-16 |
| AT368323B (de) | 1982-10-11 |
| NL182266C (nl) | 1988-02-01 |
| ES473868A1 (es) | 1979-07-16 |
| FR2380645A1 (fr) | 1978-09-08 |
| IL53476A (en) | 1982-04-30 |
| CS214885B2 (en) | 1982-06-25 |
| AU517857B2 (en) | 1981-09-03 |
| SE443261B (sv) | 1986-02-17 |
| NO155318C (no) | 1987-03-11 |
| ATA24478A (de) | 1982-01-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |