CA1069462A - Method of operating electrolytic diaphragm cells having horizontal electrodes - Google Patents
Method of operating electrolytic diaphragm cells having horizontal electrodesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069462A CA1069462A CA223,667A CA223667A CA1069462A CA 1069462 A CA1069462 A CA 1069462A CA 223667 A CA223667 A CA 223667A CA 1069462 A CA1069462 A CA 1069462A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- chamber
- liquid
- anolyte
- permeable barrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 108
- 210000000188 diaphragm Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000002287 horizontal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=O SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOVZXURTCKPRDQ-CQSZACIVSA-N n-[4-[chloro(difluoro)methoxy]phenyl]-6-[(3r)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-(1h-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)CCN1C1=NC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=CC(OC(F)(F)Cl)=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=NN1 VOVZXURTCKPRDQ-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 osmlum oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003846 membrane cell process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000916 rhodite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052861 titanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US460414A US3893897A (en) | 1974-04-12 | 1974-04-12 | Method of operating electrolytic diaphragm cells having horizontal electrodes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069462A true CA1069462A (en) | 1980-01-08 |
Family
ID=23828610
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA223,667A Expired CA1069462A (en) | 1974-04-12 | 1975-04-02 | Method of operating electrolytic diaphragm cells having horizontal electrodes |
Country Status (10)
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS534796A (en) * | 1976-07-05 | 1978-01-17 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Electrolysis of pressurized alkali halide |
| FR2426746A1 (fr) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-21 | Solvay | Procede d'electrolyse dans une cellule a diaphragme non mouillable |
| FR2426747A1 (fr) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-21 | Solvay | Procede d'electrolyse dans une cellule a diaphragme non mouillable |
| US4256551A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-03-17 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Electrolytic process |
| US4204920A (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-05-27 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Electrolytic production of chlorine and caustic soda |
| US4247376A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1981-01-27 | General Electric Company | Current collecting/flow distributing, separator plate for chloride electrolysis cells utilizing ion transporting barrier membranes |
| DE3276182D1 (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1987-06-04 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind | An electrolysis process and electrolytic cell |
| EP0110425A3 (en) * | 1982-12-06 | 1985-07-31 | Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | An electrolytic process of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution and electrolytic cell used therefor |
| JPS59193290A (ja) * | 1983-04-16 | 1984-11-01 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 電解槽 |
| JPS6059086A (ja) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-04-05 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 電解方法 |
| DE3401637A1 (de) * | 1984-01-19 | 1985-07-25 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zum elektrolysieren von fluessigen elektrolyten |
| DE3425862A1 (de) * | 1984-07-13 | 1986-01-23 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Elektrolysezelle mit horizontal angeordneten elektroden |
| US4758317A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-07-19 | Fmc Corporation | Process and cell for producing hydrogen peroxide |
| JPH0778525A (ja) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 透明導電膜用材料とそれを用いた透明導電膜の製法 |
| RU2403322C2 (ru) * | 2008-08-12 | 2010-11-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Каустик" (ОАО "Каустик") | Электролизер с горизонтальным ртутным катодом |
| US8882972B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2014-11-11 | Ecolab Usa Inc | Support of ion exchange membranes |
| US8562810B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2013-10-22 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | On site generation of alkalinity boost for ware washing applications |
| WO2018193381A1 (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | Michael Siegert | Multi-purpose bio-electrical modules and procedures |
| SG11202104626YA (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-06-29 | Agency Science Tech & Res | An electrochemical reactor system comprising stackable reaction vessels |
| CN112725832A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-30 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | 一种水电解制氢控制方法、系统及控制器 |
| WO2024226589A2 (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2024-10-31 | Verdeen Chemicals Inc. | Two-compartment electrolyzer |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2882210A (en) * | 1955-07-01 | 1959-04-14 | George N Jenks | Electrolytic water purification process |
| US3623970A (en) * | 1968-01-30 | 1971-11-30 | Georg Haas | Compact ozonizer for water lines |
| US3736322A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1973-05-29 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Chlorinator cell with internal pressure regulation |
-
1974
- 1974-04-12 US US460414A patent/US3893897A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-03-21 ZA ZA00751804A patent/ZA751804B/xx unknown
- 1975-04-02 CA CA223,667A patent/CA1069462A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-07 NL NL7504094A patent/NL7504094A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-04-09 DE DE2515372A patent/DE2515372C3/de not_active Expired
- 1975-04-10 FR FR7511235A patent/FR2267390B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-04-10 SE SE7504149A patent/SE400315B/xx unknown
- 1975-04-11 GB GB1490975A patent/GB1463289A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-11 BE BE155328A patent/BE827842A/xx unknown
- 1975-04-11 JP JP50044180A patent/JPS5248116B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3893897A (en) | 1975-07-08 |
| SE400315B (sv) | 1978-03-20 |
| DE2515372C3 (de) | 1981-02-12 |
| NL7504094A (nl) | 1975-10-14 |
| JPS50143799A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-11-19 |
| ZA751804B (en) | 1976-10-27 |
| BE827842A (fr) | 1975-10-13 |
| JPS5248116B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-12-07 |
| GB1463289A (en) | 1977-02-02 |
| DE2515372B2 (de) | 1980-06-04 |
| SE7504149L (sv) | 1975-10-13 |
| FR2267390A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-11-07 |
| AU7960575A (en) | 1976-09-30 |
| DE2515372A1 (de) | 1975-10-16 |
| FR2267390B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-11-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |