CA1065395A - Fuel cell cooling system - Google Patents
Fuel cell cooling systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1065395A CA1065395A CA251,927A CA251927A CA1065395A CA 1065395 A CA1065395 A CA 1065395A CA 251927 A CA251927 A CA 251927A CA 1065395 A CA1065395 A CA 1065395A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cooler
- stack
- tubes
- coolant
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 76
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoro-ethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclofos Chemical compound C1=C(OP(=O)(OCC)SCCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
- F28F19/04—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/597,614 US3964930A (en) | 1975-07-21 | 1975-07-21 | Fuel cell cooling system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1065395A true CA1065395A (en) | 1979-10-30 |
Family
ID=24392234
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA251,927A Expired CA1065395A (en) | 1975-07-21 | 1976-05-06 | Fuel cell cooling system |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3964930A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5833670B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1065395A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2631113C2 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2319208A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1558081A (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL49873A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (97)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4157327A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-06-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Thermally conductive caulk |
| US4182795A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-01-08 | Energy Research Corporation | Fuel cell thermal control and reforming of process gas hydrocarbons |
| US4169917A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1979-10-02 | Energy Research Corporation | Electrochemical cell and separator plate thereof |
| US4245009A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-01-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Porous coolant tube holder for fuel cell stack |
| US4233369A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1980-11-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell cooler assembly and edge seal means therefor |
| US4310605A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1982-01-12 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. | Fuel cell system |
| US4467018A (en) * | 1981-07-31 | 1984-08-21 | Electric Power Research Institute | Manifold dielectric barrier for a fuel cell electrical power generation system |
| US4582765A (en) * | 1981-08-25 | 1986-04-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fuel cell system with coolant flow reversal |
| JPS58220368A (ja) * | 1982-06-15 | 1983-12-21 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
| US4478918A (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1984-10-23 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell stack |
| DE3218410A1 (de) * | 1982-05-15 | 1983-11-17 | Accumulatorenwerke Hoppecke Carl Zoellner & Sohn GmbH & Co KG, 5790 Brilon | Galvanisches element, insbesondere metall-luft-zelle |
| JPS5973855A (ja) * | 1982-10-19 | 1984-04-26 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池装置 |
| DE3466913D1 (en) | 1983-06-02 | 1987-11-26 | Engelhard Corp | Cooling assembly for fuel cells |
| JPS607066A (ja) * | 1983-06-02 | 1985-01-14 | エンゲルハード・コーポレーション | 熱伝達アセンブリ |
| JPS60101381U (ja) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-10 | 株式会社 富士電機総合研究所 | 燃料電池の冷却板構造 |
| US4567119A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1986-01-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Nickel-hydrogen bipolar battery |
| US4548875A (en) * | 1984-03-27 | 1985-10-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Heated transportable fuel cell cartridges |
| US4664988A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1987-05-12 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell electrode substrate incorporating separator as an intercooler and process for preparation thereof |
| US4629537A (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1986-12-16 | Hsu Michael S | Compact, light-weight, solid-oxide electrochemical converter |
| JPH0624135B2 (ja) * | 1985-10-30 | 1994-03-30 | 東京電力株式会社 | 燃料電池発電システム |
| CA1297310C (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1992-03-17 | Martin L. Abrams | Fuel cell stack cooling system |
| JPH01149372A (ja) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-12 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
| US5023151A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1991-06-11 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Power plant cogeneration control |
| US5242764A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-09-07 | Bcs Technology, Inc. | Near ambient, unhumidified solid polymer fuel cell |
| US5318863A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1994-06-07 | Bcs Technology, Inc. | Near ambient, unhumidified solid polymer fuel cell |
| RU2127931C1 (ru) * | 1992-11-25 | 1999-03-20 | С.Хсу Майкл | Система электрохимического преобразователя |
| US5338622A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-08-16 | Ztek Corporation | Thermal control apparatus |
| US5693201A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1997-12-02 | Ztek Corporation | Ultra-high efficiency turbine and fuel cell combination |
| US5501781A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1996-03-26 | Ztek Corporation | Electrochemical converter having internal thermal integration |
| CA2185896C (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 2000-06-06 | Michael S. Hsu | Electrochemical converter having optimal pressure distribution |
| US5948221A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1999-09-07 | Ztek Corporation | Pressurized, integrated electrochemical converter energy system |
| US5804326A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-08 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated reactant and coolant fluid flow field layer for an electrochemical fuel cell |
| KR100216496B1 (ko) * | 1997-03-11 | 1999-08-16 | 허동수 | 연료 전지 발전 시스템의 냉각단에 사용되는 냉각 튜브 및 그 제조방법 |
| US6096449A (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2000-08-01 | Avista Labs | Fuel cell and method for controlling same |
| USRE39556E1 (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2007-04-10 | Relion, Inc. | Fuel cell and method for controlling same |
| US6387556B1 (en) | 1997-11-20 | 2002-05-14 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Fuel cell power systems and methods of controlling a fuel cell power system |
| US6030718A (en) | 1997-11-20 | 2000-02-29 | Avista Corporation | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system |
| GB9814120D0 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 1998-08-26 | British Gas Plc | Cooling of fuel cell stacks |
| DE69925291T2 (de) * | 1998-09-22 | 2005-10-06 | Ballard Power Systems Ag | Kühlsubsystem mit frostschutzmittel |
| GB2370407B (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2003-05-14 | Ballard Power Systems | Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature within an electrochemical fuel cell |
| JP4842420B2 (ja) | 1999-09-28 | 2011-12-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 冷却液、冷却液の封入方法および冷却システム |
| JP4862206B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-08 | 2012-01-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
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| US6740440B2 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2004-05-25 | General Motors Corporation | Inexpensive dielectric coolant for fuel cell stacks |
| US6977121B2 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2005-12-20 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Fuel cell power plant having a fuel concentration sensor cell |
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| FR2856198B1 (fr) * | 2003-06-16 | 2005-12-16 | Renault Sa | Cogeneration d'electricite par utilisation de l'effet seebeck a l'interieur d'une pile a combustible |
| USD526783S1 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2006-08-22 | Canterbury Enterprises, Inc. | Tank cover/carrier |
| USD525792S1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2006-08-01 | Leighton Lisa M | Propane tank cover/carrier |
| US20050275233A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-12-15 | Lisa Leighton | Ergonomic propane tank carrier and stabilizer |
| US8658326B2 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2014-02-25 | Prestone Products Corporation | Heat transfer system, fluid, and method |
| CN101124290B (zh) * | 2004-09-08 | 2015-05-06 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 非导电性经着色的传热流体 |
| CN101015084B (zh) * | 2004-09-08 | 2010-10-27 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 处理过的离子交换树脂、制造方法、包含其的组件和传热系统、以及使用方法 |
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| US10084218B2 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2018-09-25 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery pack and method of assembling the battery pack |
| US9484559B2 (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2016-11-01 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery cell assembly |
| US9412980B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2016-08-09 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery cell assembly |
| US9786894B2 (en) | 2014-11-03 | 2017-10-10 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery pack |
| US9627724B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2017-04-18 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery pack having a cooling plate assembly |
| DE102015214956B4 (de) | 2015-08-05 | 2025-04-30 | Audi Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Fahrzeug mit einem solchen |
| US11264625B2 (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2022-03-01 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Two-phase water cooling in an electrochemical hydrogen separator |
| US11050069B2 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2021-06-29 | Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. | Fuel cell cooler plate |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3455743A (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1969-07-15 | United Aircraft Corp | Fuel cell with heat and water vapor removing means |
| DE1671882A1 (de) * | 1967-02-09 | 1971-04-08 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Abfuehrung der bei der elektrochemischen Umsetzung von Brennstoffen in Brennstoffelementen gebildeten Waerme |
| US3507702A (en) * | 1967-02-15 | 1970-04-21 | United Aircraft Corp | Fuel cell system including cooling and humidifying means |
| DE1671974A1 (de) * | 1967-03-22 | 1971-12-23 | Varta Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kuehlung einer Brennstoffbatterie ueber den Elektrolytkreislauf |
| US3498844A (en) * | 1967-08-21 | 1970-03-03 | United Aircraft Corp | Fuel cell waste heat and water removal system |
| US3698957A (en) * | 1970-12-16 | 1972-10-17 | United Aircraft Corp | Fuel cell system having a natural circulation boiler |
| US3761316A (en) * | 1971-03-29 | 1973-09-25 | United Aircraft Corp | Fuel cell with evaporative cooling |
| US3801372A (en) * | 1971-08-18 | 1974-04-02 | United Aircraft Corp | Fuel cell system comprising separate coolant loop and sensing means |
| US3834945A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1974-09-10 | Eltra Corp | Water-cooled industrial battery |
| US3923546A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1975-12-02 | United Technologies Corp | Corrosion protection for a fuel cell coolant system |
-
1975
- 1975-07-21 US US05/597,614 patent/US3964930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-05-06 CA CA251,927A patent/CA1065395A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-23 IL IL49873A patent/IL49873A/xx unknown
- 1976-07-10 DE DE2631113A patent/DE2631113C2/de not_active Expired
- 1976-07-16 FR FR7621744A patent/FR2319208A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-07-19 GB GB29894/76A patent/GB1558081A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-19 JP JP51085914A patent/JPS5833670B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL49873A (en) | 1978-07-31 |
| JPS5213637A (en) | 1977-02-02 |
| IL49873A0 (en) | 1976-08-31 |
| US3964930A (en) | 1976-06-22 |
| GB1558081A (en) | 1979-12-19 |
| FR2319208A1 (fr) | 1977-02-18 |
| JPS5833670B2 (ja) | 1983-07-21 |
| DE2631113C2 (de) | 1986-04-24 |
| DE2631113A1 (de) | 1977-02-10 |
| FR2319208B1 (enExample) | 1980-07-18 |
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