CA1065275A - Photoelectrolysis of water by solar radiation - Google Patents
Photoelectrolysis of water by solar radiationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1065275A CA1065275A CA264,876A CA264876A CA1065275A CA 1065275 A CA1065275 A CA 1065275A CA 264876 A CA264876 A CA 264876A CA 1065275 A CA1065275 A CA 1065275A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- cell
- semiconducting
- electrolyte
- counter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001663154 Electron Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018293 LaTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L eosin Y Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C([O-])=C(Br)C=C21 SEACYXSIPDVVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003455 independent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000289 photo-effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
- C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S204/00—Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
- Y10S204/03—Auxiliary internally generated electrical energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/632,557 US4011149A (en) | 1975-11-17 | 1975-11-17 | Photoelectrolysis of water by solar radiation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1065275A true CA1065275A (en) | 1979-10-30 |
Family
ID=24535987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA264,876A Expired CA1065275A (en) | 1975-11-17 | 1976-11-04 | Photoelectrolysis of water by solar radiation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4011149A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5262181A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1065275A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2650267A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2331625A1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1581421A (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL7612799A (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7948101B2 (en) | 2005-09-02 | 2011-05-24 | John Christopher Burtch | Apparatus for production of hydrogen gas using wind and wave action |
Families Citing this family (132)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1573320A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1980-08-20 | Ici Ltd | Electrophopretic deposition of inorganic films |
| US4094751A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-06-13 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Photochemical diodes |
| US4127449A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-11-28 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Liquid-semiconductor junction photocells |
| US4076904A (en) * | 1976-11-11 | 1978-02-28 | Optel Corporation | Solid state photogalvanic device utilizing sea water as an electrolyte |
| US4061555A (en) * | 1977-01-19 | 1977-12-06 | Rca Corporation | Water photolysis apparatus |
| US4118546A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-10-03 | Optel Corporation | Triple electrode photogalvanic cell with energy storage capability |
| US4117210A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-09-26 | Optel Corporation | Photogalvanic cell having transparent photoactive TIO2 thin film |
| US4118547A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-10-03 | Optel Corporation | Thin film photogalvanic cell |
| US4084044A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1978-04-11 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Liquid-semiconductor photocell using sintered electrode |
| DE2709385A1 (de) * | 1977-03-04 | 1978-09-07 | Heinrich Prof Dr Ing Gobrecht | Elektrolytische abscheidungszelle |
| US4196263A (en) * | 1977-05-03 | 1980-04-01 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Semiconductor devices with enhanced properties |
| US4080271A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1978-03-21 | Brown Howard D | Solar powered gas generation |
| US4144147A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1979-03-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Photolysis of water using rhodate semiconductive electrodes |
| US4124464A (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1978-11-07 | Rca Corporation | Grooved n-type TiO2 semiconductor anode for a water photolysis apparatus |
| EP0002109B1 (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1981-12-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | A method for the preparation of thin photoconductive films and of solar cells employing said thin photoconductive films |
| US4172925A (en) * | 1978-02-22 | 1979-10-30 | Refac Electronics Corporation | Photoelectrochemical cell |
| US4266338A (en) * | 1978-02-22 | 1981-05-12 | Grumman Aerospace | Method of manufacturing photoelectrochemical cell |
| IL54408A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1981-09-13 | Yeda Res & Dev | Photosynthetic process for converting carbon dioxide to organic compounds |
| JPS6033298B2 (ja) * | 1978-05-26 | 1985-08-02 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 電極光再生型光充電式半電池及びそれを用いた光化学電池 |
| US4167461A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1979-09-11 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Photoenhanced reduction process |
| US4180625A (en) * | 1978-08-21 | 1979-12-25 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Semiconductor liquid junction photocell using a CuInS2 electrode |
| US4203814A (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1980-05-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen gas generation utilizing a bromide electrolyte and radiant energy |
| US4203813A (en) * | 1978-11-01 | 1980-05-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for producing HBr |
| IL57109A (en) * | 1979-04-22 | 1982-04-30 | Yeda Res & Dev | System of electrochemical cells |
| DE2928911A1 (de) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-29 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Elektrode fuer die wasserelektrolyse |
| DK145734C (da) * | 1979-09-17 | 1983-07-11 | Rasmussen Holding As V Kann | Affugter |
| IL58747A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1982-11-30 | Yeda Res & Dev | Photoelectrochemical cell assembly having electrolyte contacts between semiconductor surfaces |
| US4236984A (en) * | 1979-11-21 | 1980-12-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen gas generation utilizing a bromide electrolyte, an amorphous silicon semiconductor and radiant energy |
| US4357400A (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1982-11-02 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Photoelectrochemical cell employing discrete semiconductor bodies |
| US4263110A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen-bromine generation utilizing semiconducting platelets suspended in a vertically flowing electrolyte solution |
| US4263111A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Hydrogen generation utilizing semiconducting platelets suspended in a divergent vertically flowing electrolyte solution |
| US4313425A (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1982-02-02 | Crackel Lawrence E | Spectral convertor |
| GB2081307A (en) * | 1980-07-08 | 1982-02-17 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Use of electrocatalytic anodes in photolysis |
| DE3071597D1 (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1986-06-12 | United Technologies Corp | Hydrogen gas generation utilizing a bromide electrolyte, a boron phosphide semiconductor and radiant energy |
| US4416959A (en) * | 1980-11-18 | 1983-11-22 | Terje Skotheim | Photoelectrochemical cells for conversion of solar energy to electricity |
| US4442185A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1984-04-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Photoelectrochemical cells for conversion of solar energy to electricity and methods of their manufacture |
| US4352868A (en) * | 1980-11-18 | 1982-10-05 | Terje Skotheim | Double photoelectrochemical cell for conversion of solar energy to electricity |
| US4637969A (en) * | 1980-11-18 | 1987-01-20 | Terje Skotheim | Photoelectro-chemical cell for conversion of solar energy to electricity and method of its manufacture |
| US4352722A (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-10-05 | General Atomic Company | Integrated photovoltaic electrolytic cell |
| US4396690A (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1983-08-02 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Device for the simultaneous production of electricity and thermal energy from the conversion of light radiation |
| EP0064850A3 (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1984-05-16 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Solar energy converter |
| US4396485A (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1983-08-02 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Film photoelectrodes |
| US4400451A (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1983-08-23 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Solar energy converter |
| US4419278A (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1983-12-06 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Photoactive semiconductor material using true solid/solid solution mixed metal oxide |
| CA1176115A (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1984-10-16 | Cornelis Blaauw | Method of preparing ti0.sub.2 thick film photoanodes for photoelectrochemical cells |
| US4379740A (en) * | 1982-06-21 | 1983-04-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Photoassisted generation of hydrogen from water |
| FR2529379A1 (fr) * | 1982-06-28 | 1983-12-30 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Cellule photosensible de decomposition de l'eau |
| US4592807A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1986-06-03 | Union Oil Company Of California | Methods of making highly conductive photoelectrochemical electrodes |
| US4521499A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1985-06-04 | Union Oil Company Of California | Highly conductive photoelectrochemical electrodes and uses thereof |
| US4501804A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-02-26 | Texas A&M University | Photo-assisted electrolysis cell with p-silicon and n-silicon electrodes |
| US4734168A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1988-03-29 | Texas A & M University | Method of making n-silicon electrodes |
| US4793910A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-12-27 | Gas Research Institute | Multielectrode photoelectrochemical cell for unassisted photocatalysis and photosynthesis |
| US4801369A (en) * | 1987-06-29 | 1989-01-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Preventing fluids in leakable enclosures from intermixing |
| JPH0745718B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-18 | 1995-05-17 | 理化学研究所 | 液接合型半導体電極及びその使用法 |
| US4957610A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-09-18 | Hawkins James T | Generation of hydrogen and oxygen |
| DE4227963C2 (de) * | 1992-08-22 | 1996-01-25 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Granulat |
| JPH0773909A (ja) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-03-17 | Ebara Res Co Ltd | 光電気化学装置 |
| RU2129169C1 (ru) * | 1995-08-08 | 1999-04-20 | Горбачев Евгений Александрович | Устройство для электролиза воды с применением лазера |
| US6866755B2 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2005-03-15 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Photolytic artificial lung |
| US5897759A (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1999-04-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Riken | NOx sensor |
| US6299744B1 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2001-10-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of aqueous organic solutions |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3271198A (en) * | 1959-12-30 | 1966-09-06 | Ibm | Electrolytic semiconductor photocell |
| US3628017A (en) * | 1970-06-18 | 1971-12-14 | Itek Corp | Ultraviolet light-sensitive cell using a substantially chemically unchanged semiconductor electrode in an electrolyte |
| US3925212A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1975-12-09 | Dimiter I Tchernev | Device for solar energy conversion by photo-electrolytic decomposition of water |
| US3989542A (en) * | 1974-04-22 | 1976-11-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Photogalvanic device |
-
1975
- 1975-11-17 US US05/632,557 patent/US4011149A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-11-02 DE DE19762650267 patent/DE2650267A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-11-04 CA CA264,876A patent/CA1065275A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-08 GB GB46380/76A patent/GB1581421A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-17 FR FR7634626A patent/FR2331625A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-11-17 JP JP51138265A patent/JPS5262181A/ja active Pending
- 1976-11-17 NL NL7612799A patent/NL7612799A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-11-26 US US05/745,030 patent/US4090933A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7948101B2 (en) | 2005-09-02 | 2011-05-24 | John Christopher Burtch | Apparatus for production of hydrogen gas using wind and wave action |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2331625A1 (fr) | 1977-06-10 |
| JPS5262181A (en) | 1977-05-23 |
| GB1581421A (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| DE2650267A1 (de) | 1977-05-18 |
| FR2331625B1 (OSRAM) | 1982-09-17 |
| US4011149A (en) | 1977-03-08 |
| NL7612799A (nl) | 1977-05-20 |
| US4090933A (en) | 1978-05-23 |
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