BR9909460A - Catalisador e processo para conversão de metanol a hidrocarbonetos - Google Patents
Catalisador e processo para conversão de metanol a hidrocarbonetosInfo
- Publication number
- BR9909460A BR9909460A BR9909460-6A BR9909460A BR9909460A BR 9909460 A BR9909460 A BR 9909460A BR 9909460 A BR9909460 A BR 9909460A BR 9909460 A BR9909460 A BR 9909460A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- methanol
- temperature
- hydrocarbons
- dimethylbutane
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/061—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing metallic elements added to the zeolite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/005—Mixtures of molecular sieves comprising at least one molecular sieve which is not an aluminosilicate zeolite, e.g. from groups B01J29/03 - B01J29/049 or B01J29/82 - B01J29/89
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/86—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
- C07C2/862—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms
- C07C2/864—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only oxygen as hetero-atoms the non-hydrocarbon is an alcohol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/36—Steaming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/40—Special temperature treatment, i.e. other than just for template removal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/82—Phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/16—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/40—Ethylene production
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Patente de Invenção: <B>"CATALISADOR E PROCESSO PARA CONVERSãO DE METANOL A HIDROCARBONETOS"<D>. São fornecidos um catalisador e um processo para a conversão de metanol ou de dimetil éter a um produto que contenha C~ 2~ e C~ 4~ olefinas. O catalisador compreende um material cristalino poroso que tem um Parâmetro de Difusão para 2,2-dimetilbutano de 0,1-20 s^ -1^ quando medido a uma temperatura de 120°C e uma pressão de 2,2-dimetilbutano de 60 torr (8 kPa). Além disso, o catalisador é caracterizado por uma estabilidade hidrotérmica tal que, após tratamento com vapor d'água do catalisador a 1025°C durante 45 minutos em vapor d'água de 1 atmosfera, o catalisador exibe uma atividade de conversão de metanol de pelo menos 50% quando em contato com metanol a uma pressão parcial de metanol de 1 atmosfera, uma temperatura de 430°C e 0,5 WHSV. O material cristalino poroso é de preferência uma zeólita do poro médio, particularmente ZSM-5, que contém fósforo e que foi tratada rigorosamente a uma temperatura de pelo menos 950°C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/055,478 US6048816A (en) | 1996-10-02 | 1998-04-06 | Catalyst and process for converting methanol to hydrocarbons |
PCT/US1999/007320 WO1999051549A1 (en) | 1998-04-06 | 1999-04-01 | Catalyst and process for converting methanol to hydrocarbons |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR9909460A true BR9909460A (pt) | 2000-12-12 |
Family
ID=21998106
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BR9909460-6A BR9909460A (pt) | 1998-04-06 | 1999-04-01 | Catalisador e processo para conversão de metanol a hidrocarbonetos |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6048816A (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1073614A4 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP2002510660A (pt) |
AR (1) | AR015265A1 (pt) |
AU (1) | AU764570B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR9909460A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2327688A1 (pt) |
ID (1) | ID29381A (pt) |
MX (1) | MX213108B (pt) |
NO (1) | NO20005020L (pt) |
WO (1) | WO1999051549A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (49)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6538167B1 (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 2003-03-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for producing light olefins |
US20020049133A1 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2002-04-25 | Michael S. Ziebarth | High zeolite content and attrition resistant catalyst, methods for preparing the same and catalyzed processes therewith |
US6472569B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2002-10-29 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Silicoaluminophosphate material, a method of making such improved material and the use thereof in the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to an olefin and/or an ether |
US6613951B1 (en) * | 1999-09-23 | 2003-09-02 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for converting methanol to olefins |
IT1314190B1 (it) * | 1999-10-18 | 2002-12-06 | Eni Spa | Processo per preparare 2,6-dimetilnaftalene |
KR20020061011A (ko) * | 1999-12-28 | 2002-07-19 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | 제올라이트/알루미나 촉매 지지체 조성물 및 이의 제조방법 |
US6743747B1 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2004-06-01 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst pretreatment in an oxgenate to olefins reaction system |
US6797851B2 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2004-09-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Two catalyst process for making olefin |
US6823684B2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2004-11-30 | Tim Allan Nygaard Jensen | System and method for cooling air |
US6638892B1 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2003-10-28 | Conocophillips Company | Syngas conversion and catalyst system employed therefor |
US20040097769A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-20 | Ou John D. Y. | Para-xylene production process employing in-situ catalyst selectivation |
US7084318B2 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-08-01 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Toluene methylation process |
US7060864B2 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2006-06-13 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Toluene methylation process |
US7060644B2 (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2006-06-13 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Aromatic alkylation catalyst and method |
US6943131B1 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2005-09-13 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Selective zeolite catalyst modification |
US7285511B2 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2007-10-23 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Method of modifying zeolite catalyst |
US7399727B2 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2008-07-15 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Zeolite catalyst and method |
US7105713B2 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2006-09-12 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Preparation of alkyl-aromatic products |
US7199277B2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2007-04-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Pretreating a catalyst containing molecular sieve and active metal oxide |
US7441412B2 (en) | 2005-01-26 | 2008-10-28 | Tim Allan Nygaard Jensen | Heat transfer system and method |
US7304194B2 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2007-12-04 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Hydrothermal treatment of phosphorus-modified zeolite catalysts |
KR100598988B1 (ko) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-07-12 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | 오버레이 버니어 및 이를 이용한 반도체소자의 제조방법 |
US7368410B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2008-05-06 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Zeolite catalyst and method of preparing and use of zeolite catalyst |
US7805953B2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2010-10-05 | Tim Allan Nygaard Jensen | Prefilter system for heat transfer unit and method |
JP4951263B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-05 | 2012-06-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | オレフィン類の製造方法 |
JP4904076B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-24 | 2012-03-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | 含酸素化合物からのオレフィン類の製造方法 |
TWI406707B (zh) * | 2006-08-30 | 2013-09-01 | Jgc Corp | 含鹼土類金屬化合物之沸石催化劑及其調製方法與再生方法、以及低級烴之製造方法 |
CN101172246B (zh) * | 2006-11-02 | 2010-05-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 甲醇转化制丙烯的方法 |
JP5543347B2 (ja) | 2007-08-13 | 2014-07-09 | サウディ ベーシック インダストリーズ コーポレイション | 脂肪族燃料促進物質を芳香族化合物に転化するプロセス |
US9061954B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2015-06-23 | Total Research & Technology Feluy | Dehydration of alcohols on crystalline silicates |
US8846559B2 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2014-09-30 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Stable shape-selective catalyst for aromatic alkylation and methods of using and preparing |
US8252967B2 (en) | 2009-04-14 | 2012-08-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for the purification of paraxylene |
US8062987B2 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-11-22 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Phosphorus-containing zeolite catalysts and their method of preparation |
CN101880212B (zh) * | 2010-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | 王伟跃 | 一种由含氧化合物制备丙烯的工艺 |
WO2012074613A1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2012-06-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method of regenerating zeolite catalyst |
DE102011013911A1 (de) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators auf Zeolithbasis zur Umwandlung von Methanol in Olefine |
CN102744100B (zh) * | 2011-04-20 | 2015-01-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 生产乙烯与丙烯的流化床催化剂 |
TWI495511B (zh) | 2011-07-27 | 2015-08-11 | Exxonmobil Chem Patents Inc | 具有分階擋板的流體床反應器 |
US9278342B2 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2016-03-08 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Method of modifying a phosphorus-containing zeolite catalyst |
US9353024B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2016-05-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Selective hydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene |
CN105814009B (zh) | 2013-12-20 | 2021-11-12 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 用于将含氧化合物选择性转化成芳香族化合物的催化剂 |
US20150175499A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Conversion of Methanol to Olefins and Para-Xylene |
US9802877B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2017-10-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process of producing para-xylene by alkylation of benzene and/or toluene including treatment of an alkylating agent to remove metal salts |
CN108779043B (zh) | 2016-03-25 | 2021-09-24 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 用于生产对二甲苯的催化剂和方法 |
WO2018057125A2 (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Use of light gas by-products in the production of paraxylene by the methylation of toluene and/or benzene |
US10961168B2 (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2021-03-30 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Use of light gas by-products in the production of paraxylene by the methylation of toluene and or benzene |
CN109833902A (zh) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-04 | 新兴能源科技有限公司 | 用于甲醇制丙烯的催化剂及其制备方法和用途 |
US20220298019A1 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-09-22 | Basf Se | Direct Synthesis of Aluminosilicate Zeolitic Materials of the IWR Framework Structure Type and their Use in Catalysis |
JPWO2022085095A1 (pt) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-04-28 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3911041A (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1975-10-07 | Mobil Oil Corp | Conversion of methanol and dimethyl ether |
US4049573A (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1977-09-20 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Zeolite catalyst containing oxide of boron or magnesium |
US4849573A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1989-07-18 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for manufacturing light olefins |
US4499314A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1985-02-12 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Methanol conversion to hydrocarbons with zeolites and cocatalysts |
US4480145A (en) * | 1982-09-16 | 1984-10-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalysts for the conversion of methanol to ethylene plus gasoline |
NZ207523A (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1986-03-14 | Mobil Oil Corp | Catalytic production of olefin mixtures from alcohols and/or ethers |
US5171921A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1992-12-15 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Production of olefins |
ZA978671B (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1999-03-26 | Mobil Oil Corp | Selective para-xylene production by toluene methylation |
-
1998
- 1998-04-06 US US09/055,478 patent/US6048816A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-01 CA CA002327688A patent/CA2327688A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-01 EP EP99915236A patent/EP1073614A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-01 BR BR9909460-6A patent/BR9909460A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-01 AU AU33795/99A patent/AU764570B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-04-01 WO PCT/US1999/007320 patent/WO1999051549A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-04-01 JP JP2000542273A patent/JP2002510660A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-01 ID IDW20002277A patent/ID29381A/id unknown
- 1999-04-06 AR ARP990101550A patent/AR015265A1/es unknown
-
2000
- 2000-10-05 NO NO20005020A patent/NO20005020L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-06 MX MXPA00009796 patent/MX213108B/es unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20005020L (no) | 2000-12-06 |
EP1073614A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
EP1073614A4 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
JP2002510660A (ja) | 2002-04-09 |
MXPA00009796A (en) | 2001-05-01 |
NO20005020D0 (no) | 2000-10-05 |
WO1999051549A1 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
US6048816A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
AR015265A1 (es) | 2001-04-18 |
CA2327688A1 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
AU764570B2 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
ID29381A (id) | 2001-08-30 |
MX213108B (en) | 2003-03-05 |
AU3379599A (en) | 1999-10-25 |
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