BR9708537A - Conjunto de tampa extrema para aplicação a uma célula eletroquímica e respectiva célula eletroquímica - Google Patents
Conjunto de tampa extrema para aplicação a uma célula eletroquímica e respectiva célula eletroquímicaInfo
- Publication number
- BR9708537A BR9708537A BR9708537A BR9708537A BR9708537A BR 9708537 A BR9708537 A BR 9708537A BR 9708537 A BR9708537 A BR 9708537A BR 9708537 A BR9708537 A BR 9708537A BR 9708537 A BR9708537 A BR 9708537A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- end cap
- cap assembly
- cell
- electrochemical cell
- electrical pathway
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/04—Bases; Housings; Mountings
- H01H37/043—Mountings on controlled apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
- H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
- H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
- H01H2037/769—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material characterised by the composition of insulating fusible materials, e.g. for use in the thermal pellets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
- H01H35/34—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow actuated by diaphragm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/02—Details
- H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
- H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
- H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
- H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
- H01H37/764—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material in which contacts are held closed by a thermal pellet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1515396P | 1996-04-10 | 1996-04-10 | |
| US08/720,616 US5691073A (en) | 1996-04-10 | 1996-10-02 | Current interrupter for electrochemical cells |
| PCT/US1997/005942 WO1997038455A1 (en) | 1996-04-10 | 1997-04-10 | Current interrupter for electrochemical cells |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR9708537A true BR9708537A (pt) | 1999-08-03 |
Family
ID=26687019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR9708537A BR9708537A (pt) | 1996-04-10 | 1997-04-10 | Conjunto de tampa extrema para aplicação a uma célula eletroquímica e respectiva célula eletroquímica |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5691073A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0907974B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4404230B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1170326C (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE207246T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2452497A (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9708537A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2250304A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69707455T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2166078T3 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW342510B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1997038455A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (70)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5825278A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-10-20 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Thermal pellet cutoff switch |
| US5825277A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-10-20 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Thermal pellet cutoff switch |
| JP3210593B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-17 | 2001-09-17 | 日本碍子株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| US6069551A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2000-05-30 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Thermal switch assembly |
| CA2233390A1 (en) | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-02 | William F. Quinn | Thermal switch assembly |
| US6083639A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-07-04 | Duracell Inc. | Current interrupter for electrochemical cells |
| US5844464A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1998-12-01 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Thermal switch |
| US6284403B1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2001-09-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Closure assembly for sealed batteries |
| US6210824B1 (en) * | 1998-01-15 | 2001-04-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Current interrupt apparatus for electrochemical cells |
| US5958088A (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-28 | Duracell, Inc. | Prismatic cell construction |
| US6127062A (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2000-10-03 | Duracell Inc | End cap seal assembly for an electrochemical cell |
| US6204635B1 (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2001-03-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Current interrupt apparatus particularly adapted for use with prismatic electrochemical cells |
| DE19830227A1 (de) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-01-13 | Trw Automotive Electron & Comp | Gehäuse für eine Elektronik-Einheit, insbesondere für ein Airbag-Steuergerät |
| US6018286A (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-01-25 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Thermal switch |
| US6239686B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2001-05-29 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Temperature responsive switch with shape memory actuator |
| US6342826B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2002-01-29 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Pressure and temperature responsive switch assembly |
| US6570749B1 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2003-05-27 | Advanced Battery Technology Ltd | Over-current and thermal protection device |
| TW522585B (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2003-03-01 | Ray O Vac Corp | Method and apparatus for regulating charging of electrochemical cells |
| EP1277494B1 (en) | 2001-07-19 | 2010-03-10 | Greatbatch Ltd. | Contoured housing for an implantable medical device |
| US6977124B2 (en) | 2001-07-19 | 2005-12-20 | Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. | Contoured casing for an electrochemical cell |
| USD471515S1 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD471862S1 (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2003-03-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD472207S1 (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2003-03-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD476616S1 (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2003-07-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD476617S1 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2003-07-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD471864S1 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD477276S1 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2003-07-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD471863S1 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| USD476619S1 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2003-07-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery |
| DE10313860A1 (de) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-30 | Denso Corp | Kraftstoffpumpe mit Bürsten und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| CA2381376C (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2008-12-02 | E-One Moli Energy (Canada) Limited | Header for rechargeable lithium batteries |
| KR100528915B1 (ko) * | 2003-05-26 | 2005-11-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차전지 |
| TW200525854A (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2005-08-01 | Rovcal Inc | Method and apparatus for charging electrochemical cells |
| US7687189B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2010-03-30 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Housing for a sealed electrochemical battery cell |
| US7833647B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2010-11-16 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Closure vent seal and assembly |
| KR100745354B1 (ko) * | 2004-08-24 | 2007-08-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지의 과충전 방지를 위한 안전 소자 및 그 안전소자가 결합된 이차전지 |
| KR100614377B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-08-21 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차전지 |
| PL1710871T3 (pl) * | 2005-04-08 | 2008-01-31 | Auto Kabel Man Mbh | Przerywacz prądu dla samochodowych elektrycznych przewodów zasilających |
| US7763375B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2010-07-27 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Current interrupt device for batteries |
| US8071233B2 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2011-12-06 | Boston-Power, Inc. | Integrated current-interrupt device for lithium-ion cells |
| CN101170168A (zh) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-04-30 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | 具有防爆功能的盖板组件 |
| CN101170167B (zh) * | 2006-10-27 | 2012-01-25 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | 防爆盖板组件 |
| CN101170169B (zh) * | 2006-10-27 | 2012-01-25 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | 盖板组件 |
| US20080102365A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | Yoppolo Robert A | End cap seal assembly for an electrochemical cell |
| US20080240480A1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-02 | Pinnell Leslie J | Secondary Batteries for Hearing Aids |
| US20080248375A1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Cintra George M | Lithium secondary batteries |
| US20080254343A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-10-16 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Electrochemical cell with thermal current interrupting switch |
| DE102007020905B4 (de) * | 2007-04-26 | 2021-03-04 | Varta Microbattery Gmbh | Galvanisches Element mit Sicherungsmittel |
| WO2009002438A1 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-31 | Boston-Power, Inc. | Cid retention device for li-ion cell |
| US8741458B2 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2014-06-03 | Jakks Pacific, Inc. | Battery with over-pressure protection |
| US20090226805A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-10 | Robert Yoppolo | Battery |
| US8642195B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2014-02-04 | Boston-Power, Inc. | Modular CID assembly for a lithium ion battery |
| US8557419B2 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2013-10-15 | Bathium Canada Inc. | Shape memory current collecting terminals for electrochemical cells |
| KR101698258B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-02 | 2017-01-19 | 도요타지도샤가부시키가이샤 | 밀폐형 이차 전지 |
| DE112012007395B4 (de) * | 2012-05-02 | 2024-11-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Abgedichtete Sekundärbatterie |
| JP6661485B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-16 | 2020-03-11 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP6944653B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-18 | 2021-10-06 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子 |
| US11355823B2 (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2022-06-07 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Overcharge protection systems for prismatic lithium ion battery cells having neutral or non-conductive packaging |
| WO2018026726A1 (en) | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-08 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Weldable aluminum terminal pads of an electrochemical cell |
| US10938017B2 (en) | 2016-08-01 | 2021-03-02 | Cps Technology Holdings Llc | Overcharge protection assembly for a battery cell |
| EP4177993A3 (en) * | 2017-05-01 | 2023-06-07 | American Lithium Energy Corporation | Negative thermal expansion current interrupter |
| CN108428822B (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2023-10-20 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池的顶盖组件以及二次电池 |
| US10461291B2 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-10-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Current-interrupt device for battery cell |
| CN109671899B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-09-21 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 用于电芯的盖板组件和具有其的电芯 |
| US11509159B2 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-11-22 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | System and method for thermal cutoff protection device control from an external component |
| EP3965196A1 (de) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-03-09 | VARTA Microbattery GmbH | Energiespeicherzelle |
| US20240101261A1 (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2024-03-28 | Overair, Inc. | Battery Storage System for an Aircraft |
| CN114883757A (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-09 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | 一种圆柱电池及电子设备 |
| US20240113354A1 (en) * | 2022-10-04 | 2024-04-04 | Polestar Performance Ab | Bi-material cooling valves |
| KR20250019506A (ko) * | 2023-08-01 | 2025-02-10 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 캡 조립체 및 그를 포함하는 이차전지 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3373057A (en) * | 1965-10-24 | 1968-03-12 | Texas Instruments Inc | Battery having an automatic circuit breaker therein |
| US3617386A (en) * | 1970-04-30 | 1971-11-02 | Esb Inc | Sealed cell construction |
| US3996547A (en) * | 1974-09-05 | 1976-12-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Motor protector apparatus |
| JPS52126731A (en) * | 1976-04-19 | 1977-10-24 | Mabuchi Motor Co | Power source unit |
| US4028478A (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1977-06-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Safety switch for sealed galvanic cells |
| US4035552A (en) * | 1976-07-23 | 1977-07-12 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Electrochemical cell |
| US4188460A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1980-02-12 | P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. | Internal battery fuse |
| US4783383A (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1988-11-08 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Sealed type battery provided with safety valve means and method of manufacturing same |
| CA2000873C (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1999-12-14 | Shigeru Oishi | Cell having current cutoff valve |
| US4966822A (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-10-30 | Johnston Lowell E | Battery assembly |
| US5080985A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1992-01-14 | Duracell Inc. | High pressure seal for alkaline cells |
| US5041345A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1991-08-20 | Eveready Battery Company | Secondary seal for vented electrochemical cells |
| US5188909A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-02-23 | Eveready Battery Co., Inc. | Electrochemical cell with circuit disconnect device |
| JPH05205727A (ja) * | 1992-01-30 | 1993-08-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 密閉電池の安全装置 |
| US5523178A (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1996-06-04 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Chemical cell |
| US5567539A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1996-10-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous secondary cell |
| US5532075A (en) * | 1994-07-06 | 1996-07-02 | Alexander Manufacturing Corporation | Small battery cell |
| JPH09106804A (ja) * | 1995-10-09 | 1997-04-22 | Wako Denshi Kk | 電池の安全装置 |
-
1996
- 1996-10-02 US US08/720,616 patent/US5691073A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-10 AT AT97920296T patent/ATE207246T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-10 TW TW086104617A patent/TW342510B/zh active
- 1997-04-10 JP JP53649297A patent/JP4404230B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-10 CA CA002250304A patent/CA2250304A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-10 EP EP97920296A patent/EP0907974B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-10 DE DE69707455T patent/DE69707455T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-10 ES ES97920296T patent/ES2166078T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-10 BR BR9708537A patent/BR9708537A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-10 CN CNB971943621A patent/CN1170326C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-10 WO PCT/US1997/005942 patent/WO1997038455A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-10 AU AU24524/97A patent/AU2452497A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997038455A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
| CN1170326C (zh) | 2004-10-06 |
| JP4404230B2 (ja) | 2010-01-27 |
| US5691073A (en) | 1997-11-25 |
| DE69707455D1 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
| AU2452497A (en) | 1997-10-29 |
| EP0907974B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
| TW342510B (en) | 1998-10-11 |
| HK1017154A1 (en) | 1999-11-12 |
| CN1217823A (zh) | 1999-05-26 |
| JP2000508469A (ja) | 2000-07-04 |
| DE69707455T2 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
| CA2250304A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
| ES2166078T3 (es) | 2002-04-01 |
| ATE207246T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
| EP0907974A1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
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