AU603737B2 - Cermet plug - Google Patents
Cermet plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU603737B2 AU603737B2 AU38991/89A AU3899189A AU603737B2 AU 603737 B2 AU603737 B2 AU 603737B2 AU 38991/89 A AU38991/89 A AU 38991/89A AU 3899189 A AU3899189 A AU 3899189A AU 603737 B2 AU603737 B2 AU 603737B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- cermet
- sintering
- particles
- composition
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
- F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2876/88 | 1988-07-28 | ||
| CH2876/88A CH676525A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1988-07-28 | 1988-07-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU3899189A AU3899189A (en) | 1990-05-03 |
| AU603737B2 true AU603737B2 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
Family
ID=4243560
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU38991/89A Ceased AU603737B2 (en) | 1988-07-28 | 1989-07-26 | Cermet plug |
Country Status (9)
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07109783B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-29 | 1995-11-22 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 内燃機関用スパークプラグ |
| DE19756988C1 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-09-02 | Daimler Benz Ag | Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze oder Glühstab für Verbrennungsmotoren |
| DE19900698C2 (de) * | 1999-01-04 | 2001-04-26 | Gabor Keresztury | Ballonkatheter mit anpaßbarem Mittelteil |
| US6582629B1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2003-06-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics And Plastics, Inc. | Compositions for ceramic igniters |
| DE10031893A1 (de) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Glühstiftkerze mit Ionenstromsensor sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Glühstiftkerze |
| DE10104121C2 (de) | 2001-01-29 | 2003-03-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Startelementes |
| DE10348778B3 (de) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-07-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrode für eine Zündkerze und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Elektrode |
| US6971258B2 (en) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-12-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Particulate matter sensor |
| US7275415B2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2007-10-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Particulate-based flow sensor |
| DE102005043415A1 (de) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Glühstiftkerze |
| US7765792B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2010-08-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | System for particulate matter sensor signal processing |
| US7572480B2 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2009-08-11 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Method of fabricating a multilayer ceramic heating element |
| JP5650179B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-02 | 2015-01-07 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
| EP3358686A1 (de) * | 2017-02-01 | 2018-08-08 | Kistler Holding AG | Zuendkerze und verfahren zu deren fertigung |
| CN116477953A (zh) * | 2023-05-15 | 2023-07-25 | 西安交通大学 | 一种SiC半导体点火材料、制备方法及应用 |
| WO2025029947A1 (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2025-02-06 | Electrified Thermal Solutions, Inc. | Chromium electrodes to deliver electric power to oxide brick circuits |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3038649A1 (de) * | 1979-10-13 | 1981-04-23 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi | Zuendkerze und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US4659960A (en) * | 1984-05-09 | 1987-04-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Electrode structure for a spark plug |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5712221A (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-01-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Glow plug for diesel engine |
| EP0171153A1 (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-02-12 | General Motors Corporation | Spark plug |
-
1988
- 1988-07-28 CH CH2876/88A patent/CH676525A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-07-24 DE DE89810563T patent/DE68906610T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-24 EP EP89810563A patent/EP0353196B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-25 KR KR1019890010514A patent/KR920000219B1/ko not_active Expired
- 1989-07-25 ZA ZA895656A patent/ZA895656B/xx unknown
- 1989-07-26 JP JP1191573A patent/JPH02250938A/ja active Pending
- 1989-07-26 AU AU38991/89A patent/AU603737B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-27 AR AR89314519A patent/AR241806A1/es active
- 1989-07-27 MX MX016946A patent/MX170365B/es unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3038649A1 (de) * | 1979-10-13 | 1981-04-23 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi | Zuendkerze und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US4659960A (en) * | 1984-05-09 | 1987-04-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Electrode structure for a spark plug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE68906610D1 (de) | 1993-06-24 |
| EP0353196B1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| EP0353196A1 (en) | 1990-01-31 |
| CH676525A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1991-01-31 |
| JPH02250938A (ja) | 1990-10-08 |
| KR920000219B1 (ko) | 1992-01-10 |
| ZA895656B (en) | 1990-07-25 |
| DE68906610T2 (de) | 1993-11-25 |
| AU3899189A (en) | 1990-05-03 |
| AR241806A1 (es) | 1992-12-30 |
| KR900002344A (ko) | 1990-02-28 |
| MX170365B (es) | 1993-08-18 |
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