AU2021101434A4 - Method for reducing salt accumulation in orchard soil - Google Patents
Method for reducing salt accumulation in orchard soil Download PDFInfo
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- AU2021101434A4 AU2021101434A4 AU2021101434A AU2021101434A AU2021101434A4 AU 2021101434 A4 AU2021101434 A4 AU 2021101434A4 AU 2021101434 A AU2021101434 A AU 2021101434A AU 2021101434 A AU2021101434 A AU 2021101434A AU 2021101434 A4 AU2021101434 A4 AU 2021101434A4
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
- orchard
- straws
- salts
- accumulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
:
The present invention relates to the technical field of soil regulation, and discloses a method for
reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard, which includes the steps of: Sl,
deeply ploughing of the soil: deeply ploughing the soil with a depth of 25-40 cm in autumn and
winter; S2, mulching with straws: cutting rice straws or wheat straws into 5-10 cm to obtain
crushed straws, putting the crushed straws on the soil of the orchard, and then sprinkling soil on
the crushed straw and compacting; and S3, reasonable fertilization: fertilizing with preferable an
organic slow-released fertilizer having a slow release rate of nutrients or a physiologically
neutral fertilizer, i.e., a fertilizer that both negative and positive ions can be utilized. By the
present invention, surface soil and deep soil can be fully mixed, such that the salt concentration
of the surface soil can be reduced, which can obviously improve the humus content of the soil in
the orchard and plays an important role in the formation of aggregate of the soil in the orchard
and the improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil.
1/1
DRAWINGS:
Irrigation forwashing Deeply ploughing of soil Pruning in time
Mulching
withStraw Trenchingand draining
Addition of mxed.
microbial inoculum Reasonable
fertilization
Auxiliary absorption
Fig. 1
Description
1/1
Irrigation forwashing Deeply ploughing of soil Pruning in time
Mulching withStraw Trenchingand draining
Addition of mxed. microbial inoculum Reasonable fertilization
Auxiliary absorption
Fig. 1
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil regulation, and in particular to a method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard.
[0002] It is necessary to strengthen the management of fruit trees during the cultivation process of them. The fruit trees need a large amount of nutrients in the process of growth. These nutrients are transmitted through soil as a medium, and the quality of the soil directly determines the fruit yield. Various saline base ions are often dissolved in a soil solution, including cations such as ammonium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, sodium ions, etc. and anions mainly composed of sulfate ions, chloride ions and nitrate ions. Moreover, the cations in the soil solution are in dynamic equilibrium with cations adsorbed on soil colloid. Excessive salt concentration in the soil solution will have adverse effects on the growth and development of the fruit trees.
[0003] Meanwhile, a large amount of chemical fertilizers will be applied in the planting process of the fruit trees. The chemical fertilizers play a very important role in the production process of the fruit trees. However, in addition to affecting the nutrient absorption balance of the fruit trees, too much chemical fertilizers also easily cause the accumulation of salts in the soil and damage of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thereby affecting the normal growth and fruit quality improvement of the fruit trees and hindering the sustainable development of fruit industry.
[0004] (I) Technical problem to be solved As for the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard, which is mainly for the purpose of solving the problem of the salt accumulation in the soil caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers and the like in an existing orchard.
[0005] (II) Technical Solutions In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, the present invention provides the following technical solutions. Disclosed is a method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard, including the steps of: Sl, deeply ploughing of the soil: deeply ploughing the soil with a depth of 25-40 cm in autumn and winter; S2, mulching with straws: cutting rice straws or wheat straws into 5-10 cm to obtain crushed straws, putting the crushed straws on the soil of the orchard, and then sprinkling soil on the crushed straw and compacting; S3, reasonable fertilization: fertilizing with preferable an organic slow-released fertilizer having a slow release rate of nutrients or a physiologically neutral fertilizer, i.e., a fertilizer that both negative and positive ions can be utilized; S4, auxiliary absorption: planting leguminous crops among rows of fruit trees with a planting density of 20-100 plants/m 2; S5, pruning in time: frequently training and pruning fruit trees to increase the ventilation and light transmission in the orchard; and S6, trenching and draining: in the rainy period of summer, trenching a plurality of ditches in the orchard for draining, so as to prevent a large amount of accumulated water in the root system of fruit trees as caused by heavy rainfalls in the orchard in summer. As a further solution of the present invention, in the step Sl, for the orchard soil having a high soil salt concentration, after fruit picking, sufficient irrigation is conducted to wash the salts in the soil solution, such that it flows out of the soil. Further, in the S2, if the soil is dry and the composting and decomposition of the rice straws is slow, irrigation can be conducted to accelerate its composting. On the basis of the aforementioned solutions, the fertilizer in the S3 can be one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate or diammonium phosphate, and in the S3, a mixed microbial inoculum is used and mixed with the soil by ploughing while fertilization is carried out, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Brevibacillus laterosporus, the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 30-90 billion spores/m2 ,
the application amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 15-40 billion spores/m2 , and the application amount of Brevibacillus laterosporus is 0.01-0.08 billion spores/m2 .
Further, in the S4 the planted leguminous crops are mowed and returned to the soil, and because the leguminous crops themselves contain a large amount of carbon and soil microorganisms also need to utilize the nitrogen in the soil during the decomposition process of the leguminous crops, nitrogen surplus can be effectively prevented.
[0006] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard as provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects. 1. In the present invention, by deeply ploughing the soil, surface soil and deep soil can be fully mixed, such that the salt concentration of the surface soil can be reduced; mulching with straws can obviously improve the humus content of the soil in the orchard, change the proportion of each component and the bound state in the humus, and play an important role in the formation of aggregates of the soil in orchard and in the improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil; mulching with straws can increase the number of ammonifying bacteria and reduce the number of nitrifying bacteria, thereby enhancing the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by the soil, reducing the content of nitrate nitrogen, improving the fertility of the soil in the orchard and improving the soil structure, and playing a certain role in water retention, and mulching with straw can enhance the ability of the soil in absorbing ions and reduce the concentration of the soil solution. 2. In the present invention, by planting leguminous plants for auxiliary absorption, inorganic nitrogen in the soil can be converted into organic nitrogen in the plants, so that the concentration of the soil solution is reduced; and irrigation and elution can make nutrients dissolved in the soil flow out and reduce the salt concentration of the soil. 3. In the present invention, by pruning the fruit trees in time, after the nitrate nitrogen absorbed by the plants enters the cells of the root system, partial of the nitrate nitrogen is reduced into amino acids or amides at the roots, and the rest goes upwards through xylem vessels along with a transpiration stream directly in the form of nitrate ions and thus is transferred to the parts of the plants above ground. Therefore, illumination plays an extremely important role in metabolism of nitrates and the like occurring in the plants. The activity of a nitrate reductase is regulated by the intensity of illumination. Under the condition of good photosynthesis, the growth yield of the plants is large, and the absorbed nitrates can be directly assimilated by the plants, thereby promoting the root systems of the fruit trees to absorb more nitrates from the soil and reducing the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. 4. In the present invention, timely drainage can improve the environment around the root system, keep the ability of the root system in strongly absorbing nutrients, and greatly reduce the nutrient leaching to the deep soil layer under the action of gravitational water. The application of the mixed microbial inoculum can protect the root systems of the fruit trees from pathogen invasion, and meanwhile effectively release the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fixed in the soil, reduce the salt accumulation in soil, and improve and optimize the soil environment in which the root systems grow.
[0007] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the process flow structure of the method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard.
[0008] The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0009] Example 1
Referring to FIG. 1, a method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard, includes the steps of:
S1, deeply ploughing of the soil: deeply ploughing the soil with a depth of 25-30 cm in autumn and winter, wherein since salts mainly accumulate on the earth surface, especially in the specific temperature and water environment of the protected area, a large amount of salts accumulate on the surface layer, so deeply ploughing the soil can fully mix the surface soil and the deep soil, and reduce the salt concentration in the surface layer;
S2, mulching with straws: cutting rice straws or wheat straws into 5-8 cm to obatain crushed straws, putting the crushed straws into an orchard, and then sprinkling soil on the crushed straw and compacting, wherein mulching with straws can obviously improve the humus content of the soil in the orchard, change the proportion of each component and the bound state in the humus, and play an important role in the formation of aggregates of the soil in the orchard and the improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil, mulching with straws increases the number of ammonifying bacteria and reduces the number of nitrifying bacteria, thereby enhancing the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by the soil, reducing the content of nitrate nitrogen, improving the fertility of the soil in the orchard and improving the soil structure, and playing a certain role in water retention, and mulching with straws can enhance the ability of the soil in absorbing ions and reduce the concentration of the soil solution;
S3, reasonable fertilization: fertilizing with preferable an organic slow-released fertilizer having a slow release rate of nutrients or a physiologically neutral fertilizer, i.e., a fertilizer that both negative and positive ions can be utilized;
S4, auxiliary absorption: planting leguminous crops among rows of fruit trees with a planting density of 60 plants/m2 , wherein inorganic nitrogen in the soil can be converted into organic nitrogen in the plants, so that the concentration of the soil solution is reduced;
S5, pruning in time: frequently training and pruning fruit trees to increase the ventilation and light transmission in the orchard, wherein after the nitrate nitrogen absorbed by the plants enters the cells of the root system, partial of the nitrate nitrogen is reduced into amino acids or amides at the roots, and the rest goes upwards through xylem vessels along with a transpiration stream directly in the form of nitrate ions and thus is transferred to the parts of the plants above ground, therefore, illumination plays an extremely important role in metabolism of nitrates and the like in the plants, the activity of a nitrate reductase is regulated by the intensity of illumination, wherein under the condition of good photosynthesis, the growth yield of the plants is large, and the absorbed nitrates can be directly assimilated by the plants, thereby promoting the root systems of the fruit trees to absorb more nitrates from the soil and reducing the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil; and
S6, trenching and draining: in the rainy period of summer, trenching a plurality of ditches in the orchard for draining, so as to prevent a large amount of accumulated water in the root system of fruit trees caused by heavy rainfalls in the orchard in summer, wherein when the root systems are flooded for a long time, the cells in the root-hair zone produces toxins due to anaerobic respiration, causing the death of a large number of root tip cells, thereby reducing the ability of the root systems in absorbing nutrients and aggravating the accumulation of salts in soil. Trenching and draining can improve the environment around the root system, keep the ability of the root system in strongly absorbing nutrients, and greatly reduce the nutrient leaching to the deep soil layer under the action of gravitational water.
In the present invention, in the step Si, for the soil having a high soil salt concentration in the orchard, after fruit picking, sufficient irrigation is conducted to wash the salts in the soil solution, such that the salts flow out of the soil, thereby sufficiently reducing the salt concentration in the soil; and in the S2, if the soil is dry and the composting and decomposition of the rice straws is slow, irrigation can be conducted to accelerate its composting. It should be noted specifically that, the fertilizer in the S3 can be one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate or diammonium phosphate, and in the S3, a mixed microbial inoculum is used and mixed with the soil by ploughing while fertilization is carried out, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Brevibacillus laterosporus, the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 40 billion spores/m2 , the application amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 20 billion spores/m2 , and the application amount of Brevibacillus laterosporus is 0.04 billion spores/m 2 . The application of the mixed microbial inoculum can protect the root systems of the fruit trees from pathogen invasion, and meanwhile effectively release the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fixed in the soil, reduce the salt accumulation in the soil, and improve and optimize the soil environment in which the root systems grow. In the S4 the planted leguminous crops are mowed and returned to the field, and because the leguminous crops themselves contain a large amount of carbon and soil microorganisms also need to utilize the nitrogen in the soil during the decomposition process of the leguminous crops, nitrogen surplus can be effectively prevented.
[0010] Example 2 Referring to FIG. 1, a method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard, includes the steps of: Si, deeply ploughing of the soil: deeply ploughing the soil with a depth of 40 cm in autumn and winter, wherein since salts mainly accumulate on the earth surface, especially in the specific temperature and water environment of the protected area, a large amount of salts accumulates on the surface layer, so deeply ploughing the soil can fully mix the surface soil and the deep soil, and reduce the salt concentration in the surface layer; S2, mulching with straws: cutting rice straws or wheat straws into 10 cm to obtain crushed straws, putting the crushed straws into an orchard, and then sprinkling soil on the crushed straw and compacting, wherein mulching with straws can obviously improve the humus content of the soil in the orchard, change the proportion of each component and the bound state in the humus, and play an important role in the formation of aggregates of the soil in the orchard and the improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil, mulching with straws increases the number of ammonifying bacteria and reduces the number of nitrifying bacteria, thereby enhancing the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by the soil, reducing the content of nitrate nitrogen, improving the fertility of the soil in the orchard and improving the soil structure, and playing a certain role in water retention, and mulching with straws can enhance the ability of the soil in absorbing ions and reduce the concentration of the soil solution;
S3, reasonable fertilization: fertilizing with preferable an organic slow-released fertilizer having a slow release rate of nutrients or a physiologically neutral fertilizer, i.e., a fertilizer that both negative and positive ions can be utilized;
S4, auxiliary absorption: planting leguminous crops among rows of fruit trees with a planting density of 90 plants/m2 , wherein inorganic nitrogen in the soil can be converted into organic nitrogen in the plants, so that the concentration of the soil solution is reduced;
S5, pruning in time: frequently training and pruning fruit trees to increase the ventilation and light transmission in the orchard, wherein after the nitrate nitrogen absorbed by the plants enters the cells of the root system, partial of the nitrate nitrogen is reduced into amino acids or amides at the roots, and the rest goes upwards through xylem vessels along with a transpiration stream directly in the form of nitrate ions and thus is transferred to the parts of the plants above ground, therefore, illumination plays an extremely important role in metabolism of nitrates and the like in the plants, the activity of a nitrate reductase is regulated by the intensity of illumination, wherein under the condition of good photosynthesis, the growth yield of the plants is large, and the absorbed nitrates can be directly assimilated by the plants, thereby promoting the root systems of the fruit trees to absorb more nitrates from the soil and reducing the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil; and
S6, trenching and draining: in the rainy period of summer, trenching a plurality of ditches in the orchard for draining, so as to prevent a large amount of accumulated water in the root system of fruit trees caused by heavy rainfalls in the orchard in summer, wherein when the root systems are flooded for a long time, the cells in the root-hair zone produces toxins due to anaerobic respiration, causing the death of a large number of root tip cells, thereby reducing the ability of the root systems in absorbing nutrients and aggravating the accumulation of salts in soil. Trenching and draining can improve the environment around the root system, keep the ability of the root system in strongly absorbing nutrients, and greatly reduce the nutrient leaching to the deep soil layer under the action of gravitational water.
In the present invention, in the step Si, for the soil having a high soil salt concentration in the orchard, after fruit picking, sufficient irrigation is conducted to wash the salts in the soil solution, such that the salts flow out of the soil, thereby sufficiently reducing the salt concentration in the soil; and in the S2, if the soil is dry and the composting and decomposition of the rice straws is slow, irrigation can be conducted to accelerate its composting. It should be noted specifically that, the fertilizer in the S3 can be one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate or diammonium phosphate, and in the S3, a mixed microbial inoculum is used and mixed with the soil by ploughing while fertilization is carried out, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Brevibacillus laterosporus, the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 90 billion spores/m2 , the application amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 30 billion spores/m2 , and the application amount of Brevibacillus laterosporus is 0.06 billion spores/m 2 . The application of the mixed microbial inoculum can protect the root systems of the fruit trees from pathogen invasion, and meanwhile effectively release the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fixed in the soil, reduce the salt accumulation in the soil, and improve and optimize the soil environment in which the root systems grow. In the S4 the planted leguminous crops are mowed and returned to thefield, and because the leguminous crops themselves contain a large amount of carbon and soil microorganisms also need to utilize the nitrogen in the soil during the decomposition process of the leguminous crops, nitrogen surplus can be effectively prevented. In the description of this text, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second are only used for distinguishing one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order among these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, substance or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or the elements inherent to such process, method, substance or device. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard, comprising the steps of: Si, deeply ploughing of the soil: deeply ploughing the soil with a depth of 25-40 cm in autumn and winter; S2, mulching with straws: cutting rice straws or wheat straws into 5-10 cm to obtain crushed straws, putting the crushed straws on the soil of the orchard, and then sprinkling soil on the crushed straw and compacting; S3, reasonable fertilization: fertilizing with preferable an organic slow-released fertilizer having a slow release rate of nutrients or a physiologically neutral fertilizer, i.e., a fertilizer that both negative and positive ions can be utilized; S4, auxiliary absorption: planting leguminous crops among rows of fruit trees with a planting density of 20-100 plants/m2; S5, pruning in time: frequently training and pruning fruit trees to increase the ventilation and light transmission in the orchard; and S6, trenching and draining: in the rainy period of summer, trenching a plurality of ditches in the orchard for draining, so as to prevent a large amount of accumulated water in the root system of fruit trees caused by heavy rainfalls in the orchard in summer.
2. The method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard according to claim 1, wherein in the step Si, for the orchard soil having a high soil salt concentration, after fruit picking, sufficient irrigation is conducted to wash the salts in the soil solution, such that it flows out of the soil.
3. The method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard according to claim 2, wherein in the S2, if the soil is dry and the composting and decomposition of the rice straws is slow, irrigation can be conducted to accelerate its composting.
4. The method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard according to claim 3, wherein the fertilizer in the S3 can be one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate or diammonium phosphate, and in the S3, a mixed microbial inoculum is used and mixed with the soil by ploughing while fertilization is carried out, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Brevibacillus laterosporus, the application amount of Bacillus subtilis is 30-90 billion spores/m2 , the application amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 15-40 billion spores/m 2, and the application amount of Brevibacillus laterosporus is 0.01-0.08 billion spores/m2
.
5. The method for reducing the accumulation of salts in the soil of an orchard according to claim 1, wherein in the S4 the planted leguminous crops are mowed and returned to the soil, and because the leguminous crops themselves contain a large amount of carbon and soil microorganisms also need to utilize the nitrogen in the soil during the decomposition process of the leguminous crops, nitrogen surplus can be effectively prevented.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021101434A AU2021101434A4 (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Method for reducing salt accumulation in orchard soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| AU2021101434A AU2021101434A4 (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Method for reducing salt accumulation in orchard soil |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114600714A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-10 | 山东省农业技术推广中心(山东省农业农村发展研究中心) | Ridge-reducing land-increasing planting method based on wheat biological characteristics |
| CN115474500A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-12-16 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Artificial haloxylon ammodendron forest rejuvenation method without irrigation degradation of grey desert soil in arid region |
| CN115812378A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-21 | 灌南县农业技术推广中心 | Orchard surface crop straw covering method and device |
-
2021
- 2021-03-19 AU AU2021101434A patent/AU2021101434A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114600714A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-10 | 山东省农业技术推广中心(山东省农业农村发展研究中心) | Ridge-reducing land-increasing planting method based on wheat biological characteristics |
| CN115474500A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-12-16 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Artificial haloxylon ammodendron forest rejuvenation method without irrigation degradation of grey desert soil in arid region |
| CN115812378A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-21 | 灌南县农业技术推广中心 | Orchard surface crop straw covering method and device |
| CN115812378B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-11-14 | 灌南县农业技术推广中心 | Orchard surface crop straw covering method and device |
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