AU2020104015A4 - A green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves and its preparation method - Google Patents

A green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves and its preparation method Download PDF

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AU2020104015A4
AU2020104015A4 AU2020104015A AU2020104015A AU2020104015A4 AU 2020104015 A4 AU2020104015 A4 AU 2020104015A4 AU 2020104015 A AU2020104015 A AU 2020104015A AU 2020104015 A AU2020104015 A AU 2020104015A AU 2020104015 A4 AU2020104015 A4 AU 2020104015A4
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calves
immunity
parts
bran
growth performance
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Yan Chen
Zhiyin Jian
Lingling JIANG
Jing Liu
Ling LONG
Bentian Mo
Shangqin Tan
Xin Wang
Lin Xia
Kaikai ZHANG
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Guizhou Institute Of Animal Husbandry And Veterinary Medicine
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry, in particular to a green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves and a preparation method thereof; by preparing zinc-loaded bran and semi-degradable protein, and 5 extruded corn and whole fat soybeans, whey powder, stone powder and other raw materials are combined to prepare a green functional feed that can improve the growth performance and immunity of calves, which can significantly improve the nutritional balance of grazing calves, poor digestion and absorption, and diarrhea, high morbidity, growth retardation, low weaning weight, low survival rate, etc., improve the growth performance and immunity of calves. 10

Description

A GREEN FUNCTIONAL FEED FOR IMPROVING GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNITY OF CALVES AND ITS PREPARATION METHOD
TECHNICAL FIELD: The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry, in particular to a green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves and a preparation method thereof.
BACKGROUND ART: In the first 3 weeks of the calf's birth, the abomasum is the main digestive organ. The rennet secreted by the abomasum digests the milk products sucked by the calf, while the rumen, reticulum and omasum are not fully developed and have no digestive function. The digestive system, immune system, and nervous system of newborn calves are not fully developed. They lack pepsin, maltase, sucrase and others that cannot digest starch, sucrose and other nutrients well. These physiological characteristics determine that newborn calves often exhibit Indigestion, poor disease resistance, poor adaptability to the environment, and extremely susceptible to infection by pathogenic microorganisms and diarrhea. Calf diarrhea occurs mostly in winter and spring. It is a digestive tract disease with indigestion and diarrhea as the main symptoms. The etiology mainly includes infectious factors and non-infectious factors. Infectious factors include bacterial infections, viral infections, parasites, cross-infection and mixed infections among bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Non-infectious factors mainly include feeding management factors such as improper feeding, improper care or poor feeding environment.
The application document with application number CN201610379880.7 discloses a non-resistant calf feed for improving growth immune function and a preparation method thereof. Its raw materials include corn, puffed soybeans, bran, calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc., which are used to improve the growth performance and immune function of early weaning calves. However, the digestion and absorption utilization rate of calves is not very high, and the improvement range of immune function is also small.
In recent years, the beef cattle industry in our province has entered a critical period of transformation, and the beef cattle inventory, slaughter volume, and beef output are generally stable. Since 2018, the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have successively formulated the "Three-Year Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation in the Agricultural Industry of Guizhou Province (2018-2020)", "The Work System of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government Leading the Promotion of Rural Industrial Revolution", and "Guizhou Beef Cattle Industry Policy documents such as the "Six Priorities" Implementation Plan" pointed out the in-depth implementation of characteristic industry upgrading projects in poverty-stricken areas, the promotion of "one county, one industry" characteristic industries, and strengthening of the protection and development of local characteristic breeds such as Guanling cattle and Sinan cattle. The beef cattle industry has developed rapidly. The contradiction between the rapid increase in the number of breeding and the relatively backward breeding technology has become a bottleneck restricting the healthy development of animal husbandry in our province. Through the development of functional feed research to improve the early production performance of calves, innovation and improvement of the green functional feed technology that adds functional nutritional factors to improve the survival rate and disease resistance of grazing calves, the technical problems of high incidence rate of gastrointestinal tract dysplasia, digestive absorption, diarrhea and other diseases caused by low feeding level and poor diet nutritional balance, slow growth, low weaning weight and low survival rate of grazing calves in our province are solved, technical services for the development of beef cattle industry in our province are provided, the cost of beef cattle is reduced, a coordinated development of human, nature, and animal husbandry is established, which is conducive to the rational allocation and utilization of resources, and achieves equal emphasis on economic, social and environmental benefits, providing technical guarantee for the sustainable development of the industry.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, it is achieved through the following technical solutions:
1. A green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves, which is composed of 6-12 parts of corn, 16-24 parts of whey powder, 13-19 parts of vegetable oil, 32-42 parts of full-fat soybeans, 0.3-0.7 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.7 parts of stone powder, 0.3-0.7 parts of baking soda, 0.3-0.7 parts of salt, 0.5-1.5 parts of vitamin additive , 4-6 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 5-11 parts of semi-degraded protein by weight percentage.
2. A preparation method of green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves, Include the following steps:
(1) Preparation of zinc-containing bran: a. After acid soaking, washing and drying, the bran is crushed to obtain the bran carrier; b. Mix copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and add 1-1.5 times the mass of the mixture in ethanol to obtain a mixed solution; c. Mix the zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphate salt with the bran carrier in step a, use a ball mill to grind for 15-25 minutes, mix and stir with the mixed solution obtained in step b, and pulverize after drying to obtain zinc-loaded bran.
(2) Prepare semi-degradable protein: a. Mix soy protein concentrate and protease at a mass ratio of 10:1.2-1.5 and then process for 40-60min; b. Mix the composite probiotics with the processed protein, freeze-dry it, and crush it. Preferably, the protease is composed of papain and trypsin in a mass ratio of 1-1.8:0.7-1.2. Preferably, the composite probiotics are made of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and
Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 2.55x10-3.45x10°CFU, 6.8x10 -9.2x101CFU and 2.0x10 "-3.0x10 "CFU per 10kg of soybean protein concentrate.
(3) Prepare calf functional feed: a. After corn and full-fat soybeans are crushed and puffed, add zinc-laden bran and semi-degradable protein and grind for 10-15 minutes; b. Mix the stone powder, whey powder, dibasic calcium phosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil to homogeneity, add them to the mixture obtained in step a, pulverize after mixing, and then add vitamin additives and salt to mix evenly. Preferably, the vitamin additive is: each kg of calf functional feed contains feed-grade vitamin A acetate 1350000-17300001U, vitamin D3 powder 275000-345000 IU, vitamin E powder 4500-5500mg, vitamin B I3600-4500mg, and nicotinamide 3600-4500mg.
EFFECT OF THE INVENTION: In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by preparing zinc loaded bran and semi degradable protein, and matching with puffed corn, full fat soybeans, whey powder, stone powder and other raw materials, a green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves is made, which can significantly improve grazing calves' poor dietary nutritional balance, poor digestion and absorption, high incidence of diseases such as diarrhea, growth retardation, low weaning weight, and low survival rate and so on, and can improve the growth performance and immunity of calves.
Among them, the acid leaching treatment of the bran first can remove impurities on the surface of the bran and corrode the rougher tissues on the bran surface. After washing, drying, and crushing, the specific surface area of the bran is maximized, so that the trace elements such as zinc methionine and copper sulfate can be loaded on the bran as much and firmly as possible. and the crushed bran can also be better integrated with other substances in the feed, and it is easier to be digested and absorbed by the calf. The semi-degradation treatment of soy protein concentrate with protease can reduce the digestion burden of calves, and the amino acids and polypeptide small molecules obtained from semi-degradation can be directly absorbed and utilized by calves, shortening the growth cycle of calves and alleviating weaning stress. By adding vitamin additives, compound probiotics, etc., the feed can promote the growth and development of calves, enhance immunity, and enhance the anti-stress ability of calves. It can also promote the development of calves' digestive organs, especially the fore-stomach, and establish a good microbial flora, so as to solve the problems of poor growth of the gastrointestinal tract of young animals, poor digestion and absorption, diarrhea, and growth retardation caused by low feeding levels and poor diet nutrition. In addition, the raw materials are readily available, the preparation method is simple, and the factory production can be achieved, which can significantly improve breeding efficiency, can reduce the feeding cost of calves, obtain greater economic benefits, and realize healthy breeding of meat calves.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Any improvement or substitution in the basic spirit of this embodiment still belongs to the scope of protection claimed by the claims of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 1.A green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves, which is composed of 12 parts of corn, 24 parts of whey powder, 19 parts of vegetable oil, 42 parts of full-fat soybeans, 0.7 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.7 parts of stone powder, 0.7 parts of baking soda, 0.7 parts of salt, 1.5 parts of vitamin additive , 6 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 11 parts of semi-degraded protein by weight percentage.
2. A preparation method of green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves, Include the following steps: (1) Preparation of zinc-containing bran: a. After the bran is soaked in a tartaric acid solution for 40 minutes, it is washed with water, dried and then crushed to obtain the bran carrier; b. Mix copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and add 1.5 times the mass of the mixture in ethanol to obtain a mixed solution; c. Mix the zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphate salt with the bran carrier in step a, use a ball mill to grind for 25 minutes, mix and stir with the mixed solution obtained in step b, and pulverize after drying to obtain zinc-loaded bran. (2) Prepare semi-degradable protein: a. Mix soy protein concentrate and protease at a mass ratio of 10:1.5 and then process for 60min; b. Mix the composite probiotics with the processed protein, freeze-dry it, and crush it. Preferably, the protease is composed of papain and trypsin in a mass ratio of 1.8:1.2. Preferably, the composite probiotics are made of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 3.45x10CFU, 9.2x101CFU and 3.0x10"CFU per 10kg of soybean protein concentrate. (3) Prepare calf functional feed: a. After corn and full-fat soybeans are crushed and puffed, add zinc-laden bran and semi-degradable protein and grind for 15 minutes; b. Mix the stone powder, whey powder, dibasic calcium phosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil to homogeneity, add them to the mixture obtained in step a, pulverize after mixing, and then add vitamin additives and salt to mix evenly. Preferably, the vitamin additive is: each kg of calf functional feed contains feed-grade vitamin A acetate 17300001U, vitamin D3 powder 345000 IU, vitamin E powder 5500mg, vitamin BI 4500mg, and nicotinamide 4500mg.
Embodiment 2 1.A green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves, which is composed of 9 parts of corn, 20 parts of whey powder, 16 parts of vegetable oil, 36 parts of full-fat soybeans, 0.5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of stone powder, 0.5parts of baking soda, 0.5 parts of salt, 1.0 parts of vitamin additive , 5 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 10 parts of semi-degraded protein by weight percentage.
2. A preparation method of green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves, Include the following steps: (1) Preparation of zinc-containing bran: a. After the bran is soaked in a citric acid solution for 40 minutes, it is washed with water, dried and then crushed to obtain the bran carrier; b. Mix copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and add 1.5 times the mass of the mixture in ethanol to obtain a mixed solution; c. Mix the zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphate salt with the bran carrier in step a, use a ball mill to grind for 25 minutes, mix and stir with the mixed solution obtained in step b, and pulverize after drying to obtain zinc-loaded bran. (2) Prepare semi-degradable protein: a. Mix soy protein concentrate and protease at a mass ratio of 10:1.4 and then process for 50min; b. Mix the composite probiotics with the processed protein, freeze-dry it, and crush it. Preferably, the protease is composed of papain and trypsin in a mass ratio of 1.4:1.0. Preferably, the composite probiotics are made of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 3.Ox1OCFU, 9.x101CFU and 2.5x10"CFU per 10kg of soybean protein concentrate. (3) Prepare calf functional feed: a. After corn and full-fat soybeans are crushed and puffed, add zinc-laden bran and semi-degradable protein and grind for 12 minutes; b. Mix the stone powder, whey powder, dibasic calcium phosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil to homogeneity, add them to the mixture obtained in step a, pulverize after mixing, and then add vitamin additives and salt to mix evenly. Preferably, the vitamin additive is: each kg of calf functional feed contains feed-grade vitamin A acetate 15500001U, vitamin D3 powder 300000 IU, vitamin E powder 5000mg, vitamin BI 4000mg, and nicotinamide 4000mg.
Embodiment 3 1.A green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves, which is composed of 6 parts of corn, 16 parts of whey powder, 13 parts of vegetable oil, 32 parts of full-fat soybeans, 0.3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 parts of stone powder, 0.3 parts of baking soda, 0.3 parts of salt, 0.5 parts of vitamin additive , 4 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 5 parts of semi-degraded protein by weight percentage.
2. A preparation method of green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves, Include the following steps: (1) Preparation of zinc-containing bran: a. After the bran is soaked in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 10% for 40 minutes, it is washed with water, dried and then crushed to obtain the bran carrier; b. Mix copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and add 1 time the mass of the mixture in ethanol to obtain a mixed solution; c. Mix the zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphate salt with the bran carrier in step a, use a ball mill to grind for 15 minutes, mix and stir with the mixed solution obtained in step b, and pulverize after drying to obtain zinc-loaded bran. (2) Prepare semi-degradable protein: a. Mix soy protein concentrate and protease at a mass ratio of 10:1.2 and then process for 40min; b. Mix the composite probiotics with the processed protein, freeze-dry it, and crush it. Preferably, the protease is composed of papain and trypsin in a mass ratio of 1:0.7. Preferably, the composite probiotics are made of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 2.55x10°CFU, 6.8x10°CFU and 2.x10"CFU per 10kg of soybean protein concentrate. (3) Prepare calf functional feed: a. After corn and full-fat soybeans are crushed and puffed, add zinc-laden bran and semi-degradable protein and grind for 10-15 minutes; b. Mix the stone powder, whey powder, dibasic calcium phosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil to homogeneity, add them to the mixture obtained in step a, pulverize after mixing, and then add vitamin additives and salt to mix evenly. Preferably, the vitamin additive is: each kg of calf functional feed contains feed-grade vitamin A acetate 13500001U, vitamin D3 powder 275000 IU, vitamin E powder 4500mg, vitamin BI 3600mg, and nicotinamide 3600mg.
1. Feed composition screening experiment 1.1 Experimental materials: Sample Preparation: Sample 1: Under the same conditions as in Embodiment 2, without preparing zinc-loaded bran, the bran with copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, zinc methionine, calcium salt, phosphorus salt and magnesium sulfate were directly mixed with other raw materials to prepare feed; Sample 2: Under the same conditions as in Embodiment 2, without preparing the semi-degradable protein, the soybean protein concentrate and the compound probiotics were directly mixed with other raw materials to prepare the feed. Sample 3: Feed prepared with application number CN201610379880.7.
1.2 Experimental method 1.2.1 Time and place
(1) Test time: From May 6, 2020 to October 10, 2020, a total of 157 days, of which the pre-test period is 7 days. (2) Test site: Guanling Cattle Investment Development Co., Ltd. of Guanling Autonomous County, Huiyou Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperative of Guanling Autonomous County.
1.2.2 Experimental animals Guanling Cattle Investment Development Co. Ltd. of Guanling Autonomous County and Huiyou Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperative of Guanling Autonomous County provided 40 healthy and disease-free Xiguan crossbred calves with the age of (30 7) d as the test calves. According to the principle of similar body weight and age, they were divided into four groups, numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, each with 10 calves.
1.2.3 Feeding method of calves According to China's "beef cattle feeding standard" (NY / T 815-2004) and NRC (2001) and referring to "the composition and nutritional value table of common feed for beef cattle", the formula of calf feed was designed. The energy, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in the feed reached the nutritional level specified in the "beef cattle feeding standard".
The four groups of calves were fed with the feed prepared in samples 1-3 and Embodiment 2, and the growth of the calves was recorded, including the incidence of diarrhea, weaning weight, survival rate, daily gain, relative gain, body height, body length, chest length, vessel length, etc. At the beginning and the end of the experiment, weigh on an empty stomach in the early morning for two consecutive days, take the average value, collect and weigh the leftovers before feeding each day, calculate the feed intake of each cow. At the beginning and end of the experiment, measure the calfs body size (body length, chest circumference, body height, cross height), and calculate the relative weight gain and relative body size growth during the test.
Among them, the collation, statistics and correlation regression analysis of the test data are carried out with reference to "Methods of Mathematical Statistics" and "Methods of Common Mathematical Statistics" and combined with Excel software. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
1.3 Experimental results Table 1 Effects of different diets on growth performance of calves Project Embodiment 2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Initial weight/kg 44.78±2.30 44.78±2.05 44.62±1.61 45.01±2.22 Final weight/kg 128.47±6.05b 1 1 0 . 1 9 ± 1 . 0 8b 119.20±2.06aA 12 0 37 ±3 89 B Average dailybb gveain!dg y 557.9±24.79b 468.22±24.79b 497.2±26.46aA 5 0 3 . 18 ± 18 .6 0 B gain/ ( g/d )
Body height 35.38±3.8 2 8 . 3 7± 2. 9 ob 29.34±3.1laA 3 0 .4 3 g3. 0 5 B growth/cm Oblique body 39.08±3.86b 32.25±2.58 31.99±4.36aA 40 66 4 76B length growth/cm
Chest length/cm 40.53±2.81b 3 3 . 17 ± 2 .09b 32.48±4.43aA 38 3 2 1 6 6 BB
Vessel length/cm 3.50±0.19 3.44±0.20 3.38±0.10 3.52±0.28 Diarrhea rate/% 11.78 28.47 25.56 17.67
Note: Different lowercase letters on the shoulders of peer data indicate significant differences (P<0.05), uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences (P<0.01), and the same letters indicate insignificant differences (P>0.05). The following table is the same.
Table 2 Effects of different diets on blood biochemical indexes of calves Project Embodiment 2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 B B 5.87±0.16b 6 . 15 ±0.2 5 B 6 27 0 18 BUN( niogeL) Glucose GLU 5.15±0.22 4.97±0.19 4.88±0.24 5.03±0.21 Total pro)in TP 61.301.8Ob 57.81±1.88 56.33±1.76b 60.02±2. 12b
Albumin ALB (g 33.68±1.34 30.65±1.45 28.98±1.67 30.33±1.56 / L) GlobulinGLB(g 27.62±0.97 25.06±0.75 23.77±0.68 26.86±0.61 / L) Immunoglobulin 0.72b0.01l 0.69b0.04b 0.660.03b 0.70±0.06b A IgA (g /L) O72OOO.904b Immunogobulin 10.43±0.19b 9.75±0.51 9.96±0.43b 10.01±0.2 6b Immunoglobulin 2.64b0.15b 2.41±0.13b 2.380.11b 2.52±0.15b MIgM(g/L) I.4O1 I.1O1 I
It can be seen from the experimental results that, comprehensively, the scheme of Embodiment 2 is the most preferable.
In addition, the feeds prepared in Embodiments 1-3 were also grouped and tested in the same way, and the growth of the calves was recorded, including the incidence of diarrhea, weaning weight, survival rate, daily gain, relative gain, body height, body length, chest length, vessel length, etc. At the beginning and the end of the experiment, weigh on an empty stomach in the early morning for two consecutive days, take the average value, collect and weigh the leftovers before feeding each day, calculate the feed intake of each cow. At the beginning and end of the experiment, measure the calfs body size (body length, chest circumference, body height, cross height), and calculate the relative weight gain and relative body size growth during the test. The results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.
Table 3 Effects of the diets of Examples 1-3 on the growth performance of calves Project Embodiment 2 Group 1 Group 2 Initial weight/kg 44.64±1.93 44.78±2.30 45.01±2.22 Final weight/kg 13 1 .3 0±6 .6 3 B 128.47g6.05b 127.37±3.89B Average daily gain!/ A gd ) 577.7±27.77B 557.9±24.79b 563.1±18.60B g/d )
Body height 38.41±3.45B 3 5 .3 8 ± 3 . 8ob 38.43±3.05B growth/cm Oblique body length 43.72±5.10B b B growth/cm Chest length/cm 4 3 .5 4 1. 9 0B 40.53±2.81lb 43.32±1.66 B Vessel length/cm 3.53±0.22 3.50±0.19 3.52±0.28 Diarrhea rate/% 12.78 17.78 11.67
Improving the growth performance of calves is the first task in the process of feeding and management of calves. Body appearance is the most direct manifestation of the growth of the calfs body. The changes in body shape depend on the development of bones. Calf body weight, daily gain and body size growth are important indicators for evaluating growth performance. It can be seen from Table 3 that the final weight, average daily gain, total increase in body height, total increase in oblique body length, and total increase in chest length of the calves in test group I were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); The final weight, average daily gain, total increase in body height, total increase in oblique body length, and total increase in chest length of the calves in test groups II and III were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01); There was no significant difference in the final weight, average daily gain, total increase in body height, total increase in oblique body length, and total increase in chest length of the calves in test groups II and III (P>0.05); There was no significant difference in calf vessel length growth between the control group and test groups I , II, and III (P>0.05); The diarrhea rate of calves in test groups I , II, and III was reduced by 7.78, 12.78, and 13.89 percentage points respectively compared with the control group.
Table 4 The effects of the diets of Examples 1-3 on the growth performance of calves Project Embodiment 2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Ureanitrogen 5.67±0.22B 5.87±0. 16b 5.590.23B 5.670.22B BUN (mmol /L) Glucose GLU 5.22±0.19 5.15±0.22 5.25±0.21 5.22±0.19 (mmol /L) Total protein TP 63.04b1.88b 61.30±1.806 63.19±2.12b 63.041.88 b (g /L) 6.418 13~.O 6.921 Albumin ALB (g 35.98±1.45 33.68±1.34 36.33±1.56 35.98±1.45 / L) GlobulinGLB(g 27.06±0.75 27.62±0.97 26.86±0.61 27.06±0.75 / L) Immunoglobulin 0.74b0.04b 0.72b0.01l 0.750.06b 0.740.04b A IgA (g /L) O7400O7201b Immunoglobulin 10.54b0.51l 10.43b0.19b 10.53b0.26b 10.54±0.51b G IgG (g /L) IO5~O5 IO4~O1 IO5~O Immunoglobulin 2.63b0.13b 2.64b0.15b 2.62±0.11b 2.63±0.13b M IgM (g /L) 2.3O12.4O5b
Blood is the link between the external environment and the body. It plays a role in communication between various tissues in the animal body. Metabolic waste and various nutrients are also exchanged through blood.
The level of urea nitrogen is related to protein synthesis in the body. A low level of urea nitrogen indicates a higher rate of protein synthesis in the body and a good amino acid balance; a high level of urea nitrogen will excrete nitrogen from the body through urine and reduce the utilization of feed nitrogen. It can be seen from Table 4 that the content of BUN in the calf serum of the test group I was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the content of BUN in the calf serum of the test group II and III was extremely significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01).
Serum GLU content is an important physiological indicator of body energy metabolism, which can reflect the body's energy balance. This test shows that there is no significant difference in calf serum GLU content between the control group and test groups I, II, and III (P>0.05).
The content of TP in serum can reflect the nutritional level of protein in the diet and the degree of digestion and absorption of protein by animals. When the synthesis of protein in the body is enhanced, the content of TP in serum is higher; insufficient protein intake or absorption will cause insufficient serum ALB. It can be seen from Table 4 that the content of TP in the calf serum of test groups I , II and III was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).
The content of immunoglobulin is closely related to the immunity of the calf and is an important indicator reflecting the immune function of the body. It mainly includes three proteins: IgA, IgG, and IgM. IgA is the main antibody in the exocrine fluid, IgG is the most abundant in serum and the main antibody for humoral immunity, and IgM is the first antibody that appears in immunity and infection. It can be seen from Table 4 that compared with the control group, the levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the calf serum of test groups I , II, and III were significantly increased (P<0.05); However, there was no significant difference in the contents of IgA, IgG and IgM in calf serum between test groups I, II and III (P>0.05). Therefore, comprehensively, the technical solution of the present application can significantly improve breeding efficiency, reduce the cost of raising calves, obtain greater economic benefits, and realize healthy breeding of beef calves, with obvious technical advantages.

Claims (9)

  1. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves, which is composed of 6-12 parts of corn, 16-24 parts of whey powder, 13-19 parts of vegetable oil, 32-42 parts of full-fat soybeans, 0.3-0.7 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-0.7 parts of stone powder, 0.3-0.7 parts of baking soda, 0.3-0.7 parts of salt, and 0.5-1.5 parts of vitamin additive by weight percentage, characterized in that it also contains 4-6 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 5-11 parts of semi-degraded protein.
  2. 2. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 1, wherein the zinc-loaded bran is obtained by loading zinc methionine on the bran as a carrier; Among them, the additive amount of zinc methionine is 6000-7200mg/kg; in addition to loading zinc methionine, it also contains copper sulfate 2250-2750mg/kg, ferrous sulfate 2250-2750 mg/kg, manganese sulfate 4350-4650 mg/ kg, cobalt chloride 22-28 mg/kg, sodium selenite 20-30 mg/kg, potassium iodide 50-70 mg/kg, magnesium sulfate 23000-27000 mg/kg, calcium salt 65-95 mg/kg and phosphorus Salt 17-23 mg/kg.
  3. 3. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation method of the zinc-loaded bran is: a. After acid soaking, washing and drying, the bran is crushed to obtain the bran carrier; b. Mix copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and add 1-1.5 times the mass of the mixture in ethanol to obtain a mixed solution; c. Mix the zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphate salt with the bran carrier in step a, use a ball mill to grind for 15-25 minutes, mix and stir with the mixed solution obtained in step b, and pulverize after drying to obtain zinc-loaded bran.
  4. 4. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the said semi-degradable protein is: a. Mix soy protein concentrate and protease at a mass ratio of 10:1.2-1.5 and then process for 40-60min; b. Mix the composite probiotics with the processed protein, freeze-dry it, and crush it.
  5. 5. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 4, wherein the protease is composed of papain and trypsin in a mass ratio of 1-1.8:0.7-1.2.
  6. 6. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 4, wherein the composite probiotics are made of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
  7. 7. The green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 6, wherein the addition amount of Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus is 2.55x10"-3.45x10"CFU, 6.8x10 -9.2x101CFU and
    2.0x10"-3.0x10"CFU per 10kg of soybean protein concentrate.
  8. 8. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin additive is: each kg of calf functional feed contains feed-grade vitamin A acetate 1350000-17300001U, vitamin D3 powder 275000-345000 IU, vitamin E powder 4500-5500mg, vitamin BI3600-4500mg, and nicotinamide 3600-4500mg.
  9. 9. A preparation method of green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a. After corn and full-fat soybeans are crushed and puffed, add zinc-laden bran and semi-degradable protein and grind for 10-15 minutes; b. Mix the stone powder, whey powder, dibasic calcium phosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil to homogeneity, add them to the mixture obtained in step a, pulverize after mixing, and then add vitamin additives and salt to mix evenly.
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