CN114711332B - Feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114711332B CN114711332B CN202210483573.9A CN202210483573A CN114711332B CN 114711332 B CN114711332 B CN 114711332B CN 202210483573 A CN202210483573 A CN 202210483573A CN 114711332 B CN114711332 B CN 114711332B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
- A23K10/28—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin from waste dairy products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding. The feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 42-48% of corn, 6-7.2% of bran, 4-6% of whey powder, 20-21% of soybean meal, 10-11% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3-4% of premix of vitamins and minerals and the balance of beta-cyclodextrin; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30-40% of hawthorn, 12-15% of Chinese angelica, 7-13% of purslane, 3-5% of schisandra chinensis, 10-15% of eucommia ulmoides, 10-20% of honeysuckle and the balance of dandelion. The feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf provided by the invention is rich in nutrition and good in palatability, and improves the immunity of the yak calf.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The yak is a typical high-cold ruminant livestock, has higher economic value, and is one of important livestock species in Qinghai region. After the calves are born, the living environment is greatly changed, and various diseases can be caused if the autoimmunity of the calves is insufficient to resist external bacteria or nutrition deficiency due to the immature development of various organs and functions, low immunity and low resistance to the external environment. The new born yak calf mainly adopts the cultivation mode of grazing along with female lactation, along with the gradual growth of calf, the lactation volume of yak breast milk in the later period of lactation is little, and the nutrition that the grazing was taken at this time is limited in addition, can not satisfy the fast growth needs of calf, can lead to the calf to grow slowly, and the immunity declines to can influence yak calf health and cultivation quality. Therefore, the invention provides the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf, and the feed can provide more comprehensive and balanced nutrient substances for the calf so as to regulate and control the nutrition intake level of the yak calf during weaning and further improve the immunity of the yak calf.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf, which has rich nutrition and good palatability and improves the immunity of the yak calf.
The invention provides a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 42-48% of corn, 6-7.2% of bran, 4-6% of whey powder, 20-21% of soybean meal, 10-11% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3-4% of premix of vitamins and minerals and the balance of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30-40% of hawthorn, 12-15% of Chinese angelica, 7-13% of purslane, 3-5% of schisandra chinensis, 10-15% of eucommia ulmoides, 10-20% of honeysuckle and the balance of dandelion.
Preferably, the composition is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 42.5% of corn, 7.2% of bran, 6% of whey powder, 20% of bean pulp, 10.5% of rapeseed meal, 2.5% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3.3% of premix of vitamins and minerals and the balance of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 40% of hawthorn, 14% of Chinese angelica, 13% of purslane, 5% of shizandra berry, 13% of eucommia bark, 10% of honeysuckle and 5% of dandelion.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the feed for improving the immunity of weaned yak calves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 42-48% of corn, 6-7.2% of bran, 4-6% of whey powder, 20-21% of soybean meal, 10-11% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3-4% of premix of vitamins and minerals and the balance of beta-cyclodextrin according to weight percentage; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 10-15% of hawthorn, 12-15% of Chinese angelica, 7-13% of purslane, 3-5% of schisandra chinensis, 10-15% of eucommia bark, 10-20% of honeysuckle and the balance of dandelion;
s2, cleaning and drying angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle and dandelion, crushing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder, adding water into the Chinese herbal medicine powder, performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain filter residues and extract, performing ultrasonic extraction on the filter residues with water for two times, and combining the three times of extract to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract for later use;
s3, dissolving beta-cyclodextrin in water to obtain beta-cyclodextrin solution, and adding the beta-cyclodextrin solution into the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the S2 to stir to obtain an embedding substance;
s4, mixing the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the hawthorn to obtain a mixture, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 40-50%, sterilizing, cooling, and adding saccharomycete powder for fermentation to obtain a fermentation mixture;
s5, mixing and granulating the premix of the corn, the bran, the whey powder, the embedding substance, the fermentation mixture, the vitamins and the minerals to obtain the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf.
Preferably, in S2, the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine powder to the water is 1:10; the extraction temperature is 30-40deg.C, the extraction power is 300-400W, and the extraction time is 20-30min.
Preferably, in S3, the mass ratio of the beta-cyclodextrin to the water is 2:1; the stirring temperature is 30-40 ℃, and the stirring time is 2-4h.
Preferably, in S3, the embedding substance is obtained by suction filtration and freeze-drying after stirring.
Preferably, in S4, the addition amount of the saccharomycete powder is 5-10% of the mass of the mixture.
Preferably, in S4, the fermentation time is 7-10d, and the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf provided by the invention is rich in nutrition and good in palatability, contains protein and compound microbions, major elements and trace elements required by growth, and effectively improves the immunity of the yak calf.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive can enhance the immunity and the resistance of organisms, and avoid the use of antibiotics and chemical medicines. In addition, purslane, schisandra chinensis and hawthorn in the Chinese herbal medicines can stimulate the secretion activity of digestive glands and promote appetite. The soybean meal and the rapeseed meal have high protein content and rich nutritive value, and can effectively improve the immunity level of yak calves. The inclusion of the beta-cyclodextrin to the Chinese herbal medicine additive effectively prolongs the therapeutic effect of the medicine and removes the bitter taste of part of the Chinese herbal medicine.
The soybean meal, the rapeseed meal and the hawthorn are mixed and then are subjected to fermentation treatment, and under the action of the hawthorn, the tannin and protein in the rapeseed meal are inhibited from being combined, so that the palatability of the feed is improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The materials described in the examples below are commercially available unless otherwise specified. The test methods in the following examples, in which specific conditions are not noted, generally follow conventional conditions.
The saccharomycete strain used in the invention is candida tropicalis, and is purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) M2011495.
The lactobacillus strain used in the invention is lactobacillus plantarum LP4, which is purchased from the China general microbiological culture Collection center, with the accession number: CGMCC No.14533.
The premix of the vitamins and the minerals used in the invention is purchased from calf premix produced by Qinghai river and Qinghai herd feed technology development limited company and contains calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, cobalt, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and the like.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50.4kg of corn, 7.2kg of bran, 4.8kg of whey powder, 25.2kg of soybean meal, 13.2kg of rapeseed meal, 3.6kg of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 4.8kg of vitamin and mineral premix and 10.8kg of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30% of hawthorn, 15% of Chinese angelica, 7% of purslane, 3% of shizandra berry, 10% of eucommia bark, 20% of honeysuckle and 15% of dandelion.
The weight percentages of the components are as follows: 42% of corn, 6% of bran, 4% of whey powder, 21% of soybean meal, 11% of rapeseed meal, 3% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 4% of premix of vitamins and minerals and 9% of beta-cyclodextrin;
the embodiment provides a preparation method of feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 50.4kg of corn, 7.2kg of bran, 4.8kg of whey powder, 25.2kg of soybean meal, 13.2kg of rapeseed meal, 3.6kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 4.8kg of premix of vitamins and minerals and 10.8kg of beta-cyclodextrin according to parts by weight; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30% of hawthorn, 15% of Chinese angelica, 7% of purslane, 3% of schisandra chinensis, 10% of eucommia ulmoides, 20% of honeysuckle and 15% of dandelion;
s2, cleaning and drying angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle and dandelion, crushing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder, adding water into the Chinese herbal medicine powder, performing ultrasonic extraction at the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine powder to the water of 1:10 and at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 20min, obtaining filter residues and extracting solution after the extraction is completed, performing ultrasonic extraction on the filter residues twice by using water with the same mass, mixing the extracting solutions for three times, performing rotary evaporation until 1/3 volume remains, and obtaining the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution for standby;
s3, dissolving beta-cyclodextrin into water to obtain beta-cyclodextrin solution, wherein the mass ratio of the beta-cyclodextrin to the water is 2:1, adding the beta-cyclodextrin solution into the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the S2, stirring for 2 hours at 40 ℃, and carrying out suction filtration and freeze drying after stirring to obtain an embedding substance;
s4, mixing the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the hawthorn to obtain a mixture, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 40%, sterilizing and cooling, and then adding microbial powder for fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial powder is 5% of the mass of the mixture, the fermentation time is 10d, and the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture; the microbial powder is equal amount of candida tropicalis freeze-dried powder and lactobacillus plantarum LP4 freeze-dried powder.
The lactobacillus plantarum LP4 freeze-dried powder is prepared according to the description in CN 107937320B.
The candida tropicalis freeze-dried powder is prepared into candida tropicalis starter according to the description of CN103005240B, and freeze-dried to obtain freeze-dried candida tropicalis freeze-dried powder.
The preparation of the candida tropicalis lyophilized powder and the lactobacillus plantarum LP4 lyophilized powder in the following example is the same as in the present example.
S5, adding the premix of the corn, the bran, the whey powder, the embedding substance, the fermentation mixture, the vitamins and the minerals into a stirrer, and carrying out mixed granulation to obtain the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60.45kg of corn, 9.1kg of bran, 6.5kg of whey powder, 26.65kg of soybean meal, 13kg of rapeseed meal, 2.6kg of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3.9kg of vitamin and mineral premix and 7.8kg of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 35% of hawthorn, 12% of Chinese angelica, 10% of purslane, 4% of shizandra berry, 15% of eucommia bark, 15% of honeysuckle and 9% of dandelion.
The weight percentages of the components are as follows: 46.5% of corn, 7% of bran, 5% of whey powder, 20.5% of soybean meal, 10% of rapeseed meal, 2% of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3% of premix of vitamins and minerals and 6% of beta-cyclodextrin;
the preparation method of the feed for improving the immunity of weaned yak calves in this example is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 51kg of corn, 8.64kg of bran, 7.2kg of whey powder, 24kg of soybean meal, 12.6kg of rapeseed meal, 3kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3.96kg of vitamin and mineral premix and 9.6kg of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 40% of hawthorn, 14% of Chinese angelica, 13% of purslane, 5% of shizandra berry, 13% of eucommia bark, 10% of honeysuckle and 5% of dandelion.
The weight percentages of the components are as follows: 42.5% of corn, 7.2% of bran, 6% of whey powder, 20% of bean pulp, 10.5% of rapeseed meal, 2.5% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3.3% of premix of vitamins and minerals and 8% of beta-cyclodextrin;
the preparation method of the feed for improving the immunity of weaned yak calves in this example is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 48kg of corn, 6kg of bran, 4kg of whey powder, 25kg of soybean meal, 10kg of rapeseed meal, 2kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 4kg of vitamin and mineral premix and 6kg of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30% of hawthorn, 15% of Chinese angelica, 7% of purslane, 3% of shizandra berry, 10% of eucommia bark, 20% of honeysuckle and 15% of dandelion.
The weight percentages of the components are as follows: 48% of corn, 6% of bran, 4% of whey powder, 20% of soybean meal, 10% of rapeseed meal, 2% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 4% of premix of vitamins and minerals and 6% of beta-cyclodextrin;
the embodiment provides a preparation method of feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 48kg of corn, 6kg of bran, 4kg of whey powder, 25kg of soybean meal, 10kg of rapeseed meal, 2kg of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 4kg of premix of vitamins and minerals and 6kg of beta-cyclodextrin according to parts by weight; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30% of hawthorn, 15% of Chinese angelica, 7% of purslane, 3% of schisandra chinensis, 10% of eucommia ulmoides, 20% of honeysuckle and 15% of dandelion;
s2, cleaning and drying angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle and dandelion, crushing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder, adding water into the Chinese herbal medicine powder, performing ultrasonic extraction at the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine powder to the water of 1:10 and 30 ℃ for 25min at the ultrasonic power of 350W to obtain filter residues and extract, performing ultrasonic extraction on the filter residues twice by using water with the same mass, mixing the three extracts until the volume of the Chinese herbal medicine powder is 1/3 of the volume of the Chinese herbal medicine powder, and obtaining the Chinese herbal medicine extract for standby;
s3, dissolving beta-cyclodextrin into water to obtain beta-cyclodextrin solution, wherein the mass ratio of the beta-cyclodextrin to the water is 2:1, adding the beta-cyclodextrin solution into the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the S2, stirring for 4 hours at 30 ℃, and carrying out suction filtration and freeze drying after stirring to obtain an embedding substance;
s4, mixing the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the hawthorn to obtain a mixture, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 50%, sterilizing and cooling, and then adding microbial powder for fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial powder is 7% of the mass of the mixture, the fermentation time is 8d, and the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture; the microbial powder is equal amount of freeze-dried powder of candida tropicalis and lactobacillus plantarum LP 4.
S5, adding the premix of the corn, the bran, the whey powder, the embedding substance, the fermentation mixture, the vitamins and the minerals into a stirrer, and carrying out mixed granulation to obtain the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf.
Example 5
The feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf provided in this example is the same as in example 1.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 50.4kg of corn, 7.2kg of bran, 4.8kg of whey powder, 25.2kg of soybean meal, 13.2kg of rapeseed meal, 3.6kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 4.8kg of premix of vitamins and minerals and 10.8kg of beta-cyclodextrin according to parts by weight; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30% of hawthorn, 15% of Chinese angelica, 7% of purslane, 3% of schisandra chinensis, 10% of eucommia ulmoides, 20% of honeysuckle and 15% of dandelion;
s2, cleaning and drying angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle and dandelion, crushing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder, adding water into the Chinese herbal medicine powder, performing ultrasonic extraction at the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine powder to the water of 1:10 and the temperature of 35 ℃ for 30min, obtaining filter residues and extracting solution after the extraction is completed, performing ultrasonic extraction on the filter residues twice by using water with the same mass, mixing the extracting solution for three times, performing rotary evaporation until 1/3 volume is remained, and obtaining the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution for standby;
s3, dissolving beta-cyclodextrin into water to obtain beta-cyclodextrin solution, wherein the mass ratio of the beta-cyclodextrin to the water is 2:1, adding the beta-cyclodextrin solution into the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the S2, stirring for 3 hours at 35 ℃, and carrying out suction filtration and freeze drying after stirring to obtain an embedding substance;
s4, mixing the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the hawthorn to obtain a mixture, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 45%, sterilizing and cooling, and then adding microbial powder for fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial powder is 10% of the mass of the mixture, the fermentation time is 7d, and the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture; the microbial powder is equal amount of freeze-dried powder of candida tropicalis and lactobacillus plantarum LP 4.
S5, adding the premix of the corn, the bran, the whey powder, the embedding substance, the fermentation mixture, the vitamins and the minerals into a stirrer, and carrying out mixed granulation to obtain the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a feed for improving the immunity of weaned yak calves, identical to example 3, except that it does not contain beta-cyclodextrin.
The composition is specifically prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 51kg of corn, 8.64kg of bran, 7.2kg of whey powder, 24kg of soybean meal, 12.6kg of rapeseed meal, 3kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive, and 3.96kg of vitamin and mineral premix;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 40% of hawthorn, 14% of Chinese angelica, 13% of purslane, 5% of shizandra berry, 13% of eucommia bark, 10% of honeysuckle and 5% of dandelion.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 51kg of corn, 8.64kg of bran, 7.2kg of whey powder, 24kg of soybean meal, 12.6kg of rapeseed meal, 3kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive and 3.96kg of premix of vitamins and minerals according to parts by weight; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30% of hawthorn, 15% of Chinese angelica, 7% of purslane, 3% of schisandra chinensis, 10% of eucommia ulmoides, 20% of honeysuckle and 15% of dandelion;
s2, cleaning and drying angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle and dandelion, crushing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder, adding water into the Chinese herbal medicine powder, performing ultrasonic extraction at the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine powder to the water of 1:10 and at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 20min, obtaining filter residues and extracting solution after the completion of the extraction, performing ultrasonic extraction on the filter residues twice by using water with the same mass, performing rotary evaporation and freeze drying on the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution to obtain a Chinese herbal medicine extract, and performing the standby;
s4, mixing the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the hawthorn to obtain a mixture, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 40%, sterilizing and cooling, and then adding microbial powder for fermentation, wherein the addition amount of the microbial powder is 5% of the mass of the mixture, the fermentation time is 10d, and the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation mixture; the microbial powder is equal amount of freeze-dried powder of candida tropicalis and lactobacillus plantarum LP 4.
S5, adding the premix of corn, bran, whey powder, chinese herbal medicine extract, fermentation mixture, vitamins and minerals into a stirrer, and carrying out mixed granulation to obtain the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf, which is identical to example 3 except that no hawthorn is contained and no fermentation treatment is performed on soybean meal and rapeseed meal.
The composition is specifically prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
51kg of corn, 8.64kg of bran, 7.2kg of whey powder, 24kg of soybean meal, 12.6kg of rapeseed meal, 1.8kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3.96kg of premix of vitamins and minerals and 9.6kg of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive has the same addition amount of angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides and honeysuckle as in the embodiment 3, and specifically 0.42kg of angelica sinensis, 0.39kg of purslane, 0.15kg of shizandra berry, 0.39kg of eucommia ulmoides, 0.3kg of honeysuckle and 0.15kg of dandelion are added.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calves, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing 51kg of corn, 8.64kg of bran, 7.2kg of whey powder, 24kg of soybean meal, 12.6kg of rapeseed meal, 1.8kg of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 3.96kg of premix of vitamins and minerals and 9.6kg of beta-cyclodextrin according to parts by weight; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 0.42kg of Chinese angelica, 0.39kg of purslane, 0.15kg of shizandra berry, 0.39kg of eucommia bark, 0.3kg of honeysuckle and 0.15kg of dandelion;
s2, cleaning and drying angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle and dandelion, crushing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder, adding water into the Chinese herbal medicine powder, performing ultrasonic extraction at the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine powder to the water of 1:10 and at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 20min, obtaining filter residues and extracting solution after the extraction is completed, performing ultrasonic extraction on the filter residues twice by using water with the same mass, mixing the extracting solutions for three times, performing rotary evaporation until 1/3 volume remains, and obtaining the Chinese herbal medicine extracting solution for standby;
s3, dissolving beta-cyclodextrin into water to obtain beta-cyclodextrin solution, wherein the mass ratio of the beta-cyclodextrin to the water is 2:1, adding the beta-cyclodextrin solution into the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the S2, stirring for 2 hours at 40 ℃, and carrying out suction filtration and freeze drying after stirring to obtain an embedding substance;
s4, mixing the rapeseed meal and the soybean meal to obtain a mixture;
s5, adding the premix of the corn, the bran, the whey powder, the embedding substance, the mixture, the vitamins and the minerals into a stirrer, and carrying out mixed granulation to obtain the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf.
60 yak calves with approximate initial weight are selected, randomly divided into 4 groups, and fed with the feeds of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 respectively after the calves uniformly ingest breast milk for 30d after birth.
Table 1 growth performance of yak calves
| Initial weight (kg) | 90d body weight (kg) | Number of attacks (head) | |
| Example 1 | 31.25±1.08 | 72.87±1.20 | 1 |
| Example 2 | 32.39±1.17 | 74.41±1.44 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 30.03±1.13 | 73.19±1.16 | 1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 28.79±1.22 | 68.40±1.80 | 4 |
As can be seen from table 1, the weight gain of the yak calf of example 3 is higher than that of comparative example 1, and the incidence of the yak calf is reduced, compared with comparative example 1, because the beta-cyclodextrin has a certain slow release effect, and the action time of the traditional Chinese medicine is prolonged. The feed prepared by the invention can effectively promote the growth and development of yak calves, reduce the morbidity of the yak calves and enhance the immunity of the yak calves.
Table 2 Dry matter feed intake of yak calf
| Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Feed intake of dry matter (g/d) | 1296.80±9.13 | 1191.08±26.38 | 1180.31±13.71 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the feed provided by the invention has good palatability, and the purslane, the shizandra berry and the hawthorn in the Chinese herbal medicines can stimulate the secretion activity of digestive glands and promote appetite. The dry matter feed intake of example 3 is higher than that of comparative example 1 because the beta-cyclodextrin removes part of the bitter taste contained in the traditional Chinese medicine in addition to the slow release effect, effectively improves the feed intake, and the dry matter feed intake of example 3 is higher than that of comparative example 2 because the rapeseed meal contains anti-nutritional factor tannin, the tannin not only can generate bitter taste after being combined with salivary proteins, glycoproteins and the like in the oral cavity of animals, so that the palatability of the feed is reduced, but also the tannin can be combined with proteins in the feed, so that the nutrient substances of the feed are reduced, therefore, when the soybean meal and the rapeseed meal are fermented in example 3, hawthorn is added for fermentation, anthocyanin in the hawthorn is combined with the tannin to form a polymer, the combining capability of tannin and protein is reduced, and the palatability of the feed is further improved. Meanwhile, under the action of saccharomycetes and lactobacillus, the content of anti-nutritional factors of bean pulp and rapeseed meal is reduced, and the nutritional value of the feed is improved.
It should be noted that, when reference is made to a numerical range in the claims of the present invention, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and since the adopted steps are the same as those of the embodiments, the present invention describes the preferred embodiments and effects thereof for preventing redundancy, but once the basic inventive concept is known to those skilled in the art, additional variations and modifications can be made to these embodiments. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf is characterized in that the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 42-48% of corn, 6-7.2% of bran, 4-6% of whey powder, 20-21% of soybean meal, 10-11% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3-4% of premix of vitamins and minerals and the balance of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30-40% of hawthorn, 12-15% of Chinese angelica, 7-13% of purslane, 3-5% of schisandra chinensis, 10-15% of eucommia bark, 10-20% of honeysuckle and the balance of dandelion;
the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf is prepared according to the following steps:
s1, weighing 42-48% of corn, 6-7.2% of bran, 4-6% of whey powder, 20-21% of soybean meal, 10-11% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3-4% of premix of vitamins and minerals and the balance of beta-cyclodextrin according to weight percentage; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 30-40% of hawthorn, 12-15% of Chinese angelica, 7-13% of purslane, 3-5% of schisandra chinensis, 10-15% of eucommia bark, 10-20% of honeysuckle and the balance of dandelion;
s2, cleaning and drying angelica sinensis, purslane, shizandra berry, eucommia ulmoides, honeysuckle and dandelion, crushing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder, adding water into the Chinese herbal medicine powder, performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain filter residues and extract, performing ultrasonic extraction on the filter residues with water for two times, and combining the three times of extract to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract for later use;
s3, dissolving beta-cyclodextrin in water to obtain beta-cyclodextrin solution, and adding the beta-cyclodextrin solution into the Chinese herbal medicine extract in the S2 to stir to obtain an embedding substance;
s4, mixing the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the hawthorn to obtain a mixture, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 40-50%, sterilizing, cooling, and adding microbial powder for fermentation to obtain a fermentation mixture;
s5, mixing and granulating the premix of the corn, the bran, the whey powder, the embedding substance, the fermentation mixture, the vitamins and the minerals to obtain the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf.
2. The preparation method of the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 42.5% of corn, 7.2% of bran, 6% of whey powder, 20% of bean pulp, 10.5% of rapeseed meal, 2.5% of Chinese herbal medicine additives, 3.3% of premix of vitamins and minerals and the balance of beta-cyclodextrin;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises 40% of hawthorn, 14% of Chinese angelica, 13% of purslane, 5% of shizandra berry, 13% of eucommia bark, 10% of honeysuckle and 5% of dandelion.
3. The method for preparing the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf according to claim 1, wherein in the S2, the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine powder to the water is 1:10; the extraction temperature is 30-40deg.C, the extraction power is 300-400W, and the extraction time is 20-30min.
4. The method for preparing feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf according to claim 3, wherein in S3, the mass ratio of beta-cyclodextrin to water is 2:1; the stirring temperature is 30-40 ℃, and the stirring time is 2-4h.
5. The method for preparing feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf as claimed in claim 4, wherein in S3, the embedding substance is obtained by suction filtration and freeze drying after stirring.
6. The preparation method of the feed for improving the immunity of the weaned yak calf according to claim 5, wherein in the step S4, the addition amount of the microbial powder is 5-10% of the mass of the mixture, and the microbial powder comprises equal amounts of saccharomycete powder and lactobacillus powder.
7. The method for preparing feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S4, the fermentation time is 7-10d, and the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃.
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