CN112293591B - Green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves and a preparation method thereof; the green functional feed for improving the growth performance and the immunity of calves is prepared by preparing the zinc-carrying bran and the semi-degradable protein and matching the zinc-carrying bran and the puffed corn, the whole-fat soybean, whey powder, stone powder and other raw materials, can obviously improve the conditions of high morbidity, slow growth and development, light weaning weight, low survival rate and the like of diseases such as poor nutrition balance, poor digestion and absorption, diarrhea and the like of daily ration of grazing calves, and improves the growth performance and the immunity of the calves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves and a preparation method thereof.
Background
During the first 3 weeks of the birth of the calf, the abomasum is the main digestive organ, the milk product sucked by the calf is digested by rennin secreted by the abomasum, and the rumen, the reticulum and the omasum are not completely developed and have no digestive function. The digestive system, the immune system and the nervous system of the newborn calf are not completely developed, and nutrients such as starch, cane sugar and the like which cannot be well digested by pepsin, maltase, sucrase and the like are lacked, so that the physiological characteristics determine that the newborn calf often shows dyspepsia, poor disease resistance, poor adaptability to the environment and is very easy to cause diarrhea due to infection of pathogenic microorganisms. Calf diarrhea is mostly caused in winter and spring, and is digestive tract disease with dyspepsia and diarrhea as main symptoms. The pathogeny mainly comprises infectious factors and non-infectious factors, the infectious factors comprise bacterial infection, viral infection, parasites, cross infection and mixed infection among bacteria, viruses and parasites, and the like, and the non-infectious factors mainly comprise factors in feeding management aspects such as improper feeding, improper nursing or bad feeding environment.
Application No. CN201610379880.7 discloses a nonreactive calf feed for improving growth and immunity, and its preparation method, wherein the feed comprises semen Maydis, puffed semen glycines, testa Tritici, and calcium hydrogen phosphate, and is used for improving growth performance and immunity of early weaning calf. However, the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of the calf is not high, and the improvement range of the immune function is small.
In recent years, the beef cattle industry in our province enters the transformation attack phase, the stock keeping amount, the slaughtering amount and the beef yield of the beef cattle are generally stable, and the contradiction between the rapid increase of the feeding amount and the relative laggard feeding technology becomes the bottleneck for restricting the benign development of the animal husbandry in our province. By developing research on functional feed for improving early production performance of calves and innovating and perfecting a green functional feed technology for improving survival rate and disease resistance of grazing calves by adding functional nutritional factors, the technical problems of low feeding level and poor balance of daily ration nutrition of the grazing calves in our province, such as high morbidity of diseases such as gastrointestinal tract dysplasia, poor digestion and absorption, diarrhea and the like of young animals, slow growth and development, light weaning weight, low survival rate and the like are solved, technical service is provided for development of the beef cattle industry in our province, the cost of meat calves is reduced, coordinated development of human, natural and livestock breeding is established, reasonable allocation and utilization of resources are facilitated, and economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit are repeated, so that technical guarantee is provided for sustainable development of the grassland industry in our province.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves and a preparation method thereof in order to solve the problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
1. a green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6-12 parts of corn, 16-24 parts of whey powder, 13-19 parts of vegetable oil, 32-42 parts of full-fat soybean, 0.3-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.7 part of stone powder, 0.3-0.7 part of baking soda, 0.3-0.7 part of salt, 0.5-1.5 parts of vitamin additive, 4-6 parts of zinc-carrying bran and 5-11 parts of semi-degradable protein.
2. A method for preparing green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing zinc-loaded bran:
a. the bran is subjected to acid leaching, water washing, drying and crushing to obtain a bran carrier;
b. mixing copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and adding ethanol with the mass 1-1.5 times of that of the mixture to obtain a mixed solution;
c. and (c) mixing zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphorus salt with the bran carrier in the step a, grinding for 15-25min by using a ball mill, mixing with the mixed solution obtained in the step b, stirring, drying and crushing to obtain the zinc-loaded bran.
(2) Preparing semi-degraded protein:
a. mixing soy protein concentrate with protease at a ratio of 10:1.2-1.5, mixing and then treating for 40-60min;
b. and mixing the composite probiotics with the treated protein, performing freeze-drying treatment, and crushing.
Further, the protease is papain and trypsin which are mixed in a ratio of 1-1.8:0.7-1.2 by mass ratio.
Furthermore, the composite probiotics comprise bacillus natto, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the composite probiotics is 2.55 multiplied by 10 bacillus natto in each 10kg of soybean protein concentrate 12 -3.45×10 12 CFU, bacillus subtilis 6.8X 10 13 -9.2×10 13 CFU and Lactobacillus acidophilus 2.0 × 10 11 -3.0×10 11 CFU。
(3) Preparing functional feed for calves:
a. pulverizing semen Maydis and whole soybean, puffing, adding zinc-loaded bran and semi-degradable protein, and grinding for 10-15min;
b. and (b) mixing and homogenizing the stone powder, whey powder, calcium hydrophosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil, adding the mixture obtained in the step (a), mixing and crushing, adding the vitamin additive and the salt, and mixing uniformly.
Further, the vitamin additive is as follows: each kg of functional feed for calf contains feed grade vitamin A acetate 1350000-1730000IU, vitamin D3 powder 275000-345000IU, vitamin E powder 4500-5500mg, vitamin B13600-4500mg, and nicotinamide 3600-4500mg.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the zinc-carrying bran and the semi-degradable protein are prepared, and are matched with the puffed corn, the whole-fat soybean, whey powder, stone powder and other raw materials to prepare the green functional feed for improving the growth performance and the immunity of calves, so that the conditions of high morbidity, slow growth and development, light weaning weight, low survival rate and the like of diseases such as poor daily ration nutrient balance, poor digestion and absorption, diarrhea and the like of grazing calves can be obviously improved, and the growth performance and the immunity of the calves are improved.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out acid leaching treatment on the bran, removing impurities on the surface of the bran, corroding rough tissues on the surface of the bran, washing, drying and crushing the bran to the greatest extent, so that trace elements such as zinc methionine and copper sulfate can be firmly loaded on the bran as much as possible, and the crushed bran can be better fused with other substances in the feed and is easier to digest and absorb by calves. The semi-degradation treatment is carried out on the soybean protein concentrate by adopting protease, the digestion burden of calves can be reduced, and the amino acid and polypeptide micromolecules obtained by the semi-degradation can be directly absorbed and utilized by the calves, so that the growth cycle of the calves is shortened, and the weaning stress is relieved. By adding vitamin additives, compound probiotics and the like, the feed achieves the effects of promoting the growth and development of calves, enhancing the immunity and enhancing the anti-stress capability of the calves, can also promote the development of digestive organs, particularly forestomach of the calves, establishes a good microbial community, and solves the problems of high morbidity, growth and development retardation and the like of diseases such as gastrointestinal tract dysplasia, poor digestion and absorption, diarrhea and the like of young animals caused by low feeding level and poor dietary nutrition balance of the calves. The raw materials are easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, the industrial production can be realized, the breeding efficiency can be obviously improved, the feeding cost of calves can be reduced, the greater economic benefit can be obtained, and the healthy breeding of the meat calves can be realized.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
1. A green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12 parts of corn, 24 parts of whey powder, 19 parts of vegetable oil, 42 parts of full-fat soybean, 0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7 part of stone powder, 0.7 part of baking soda, 0.7 part of salt, 1.5 parts of vitamin additive, 6 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 11 parts of semi-degradable protein.
2. A method for preparing green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing zinc-loaded bran:
a. soaking bran in tartaric acid solution for 40min, washing with water, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain bran carrier;
b. mixing copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and adding ethanol with the mass 1.5 times that of the mixture to obtain a mixed solution;
c. and (4) mixing zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphorus salt with the bran carrier in the step (a), grinding for 25min by using a ball mill, mixing and stirring with the mixed solution obtained in the step (b), drying, and crushing to obtain the zinc-loaded bran.
(2) Preparing semi-degraded protein:
a. mixing soy protein concentrate with protease at a ratio of 10:1.5, mixing and then treating for 60min;
b. and mixing the composite probiotics with the treated protein, performing freeze-drying treatment, and crushing.
Further, the protease is papain and trypsin which are mixed in a ratio of 1.8:1.2 by mass ratio.
Further, the composite probiotics comprise bacillus natto, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the composite probiotics is that each 10kg of soybean protein concentrate contains 3.45 multiplied by 10 of bacillus natto 12 CFU and Bacillus subtilis 9.2 × 10 13 CFU and Lactobacillus acidophilus 3.0 × 10 11 CFU。
(3) Preparing functional feed for calves:
a. pulverizing semen Maydis and whole soybean, puffing, adding zinc-loaded bran and semi-degradable protein, and grinding for 15min;
b. and (b) mixing and homogenizing the stone powder, whey powder, calcium hydrophosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil, adding the mixture obtained in the step (a), mixing and crushing, adding the vitamin additive and the salt, and mixing uniformly.
Further, the addition amount of the vitamin additive is as follows: each kg of functional feed for calf contains feed-grade vitamin A acetate 1730000IU, vitamin D3 powder 345000IU, vitamin E powder 5500mg, vitamin B14500mg and nicotinamide 4500mg.
Example 2
1. A green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 9 parts of corn, 20 parts of whey powder, 16 parts of vegetable oil, 36 parts of full-fat soybean, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of stone powder, 0.5 part of baking soda, 0.5 part of salt, 1.0 part of vitamin additive, 5 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 10 parts of semi-degradable protein.
2. A method for preparing green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing zinc-loaded bran:
a. soaking bran in citric acid solution for 40min, washing with water, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain bran carrier;
b. mixing copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and adding ethanol with the mass 1.5 times that of the mixture to obtain a mixed solution;
c. and c, mixing zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphorus salt with the bran carrier in the step a, grinding for 25min by using a ball mill, mixing and stirring with the mixed solution obtained in the step b, drying, and crushing to obtain the zinc-loaded bran.
(2) Preparing semi-degraded protein:
a. mixing soy protein concentrate with protease in a ratio of 10:1.4, mixing and then treating for 50min;
b. and mixing the composite probiotics with the treated protein, performing freeze-drying treatment, and crushing.
Further, the protease is papain and trypsin which are mixed in a ratio of 1.4:1.0 by mass ratio.
Further, the composite probiotics comprise bacillus natto, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the composite probiotics is that each 10kg of soybean protein concentrate contains 3.0 multiplied by 10 of bacillus natto 12 CFU and Bacillus subtilis 9.1 × 10 13 CFU and Lactobacillus acidophilus 2.5 × 10 11 CFU。
(3) Preparing functional feed for calves:
a. pulverizing semen Maydis and whole soybean, puffing, adding zinc-loaded bran and semi-degradable protein, and grinding for 12min;
b. and (b) mixing and homogenizing the stone powder, whey powder, calcium hydrophosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil, adding the mixture obtained in the step (a), mixing and crushing, adding the vitamin additive and the salt, and mixing uniformly.
Further, the vitamin additive is as follows: each kg of calf functional feed contains 1550000IU of feed-grade vitamin A acetate, 300000IU of vitamin D3 powder, 5000mg of vitamin E powder, 14000mg of vitamin B and 4000mg of nicotinamide.
Example 3
1. A green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6 parts of corn, 16 parts of whey powder, 13 parts of vegetable oil, 32 parts of full-fat soybean, 0.3 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of stone powder, 0.3 part of baking soda, 0.3 part of salt, 0.5 part of vitamin additive, 4 parts of zinc-loaded bran and 5 parts of semi-degradable protein.
2. A method for preparing green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing zinc-loaded bran:
a. soaking bran in 10% dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 40min, washing with water, oven drying, and pulverizing to obtain bran carrier;
b. mixing copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and adding ethanol with the mass of 1 time of that of the mixture to obtain a mixed solution;
c. and (4) mixing zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphorus salt with the bran carrier in the step (a), grinding for 15min by using a ball mill, mixing and stirring with the mixed solution obtained in the step (b), drying, and crushing to obtain the zinc-loaded bran.
(2) Preparing semi-degraded protein:
a. mixing soy protein concentrate with protease at a ratio of 10:1.2, mixing and then treating for 40min;
b. and mixing the composite probiotics with the treated protein, performing freeze-drying treatment, and crushing.
Further, the protease is papain and trypsin which are mixed in a ratio of 1:0.7 by mass ratio.
Furthermore, the composite probiotics comprise bacillus natto, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the composite probiotics is 2.55 multiplied by 10 bacillus natto in every 10kg of soybean protein concentrate 12 CFU and Bacillus subtilis 6.8 × 10 13 CFU and Lactobacillus acidophilus 2.0 × 10 11 CFU。
(3) Preparing functional feed for calves:
a. pulverizing semen Maydis and whole soybean, puffing, adding zinc-loaded bran and semi-degradable protein, and grinding for 10min;
b. and (b) mixing and homogenizing the stone powder, whey powder, calcium hydrophosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil, adding the mixture obtained in the step (a), mixing and crushing, adding the vitamin additive and the salt, and mixing uniformly.
Further, the addition amount of the vitamin additive is as follows: each kg of functional feed for calf contains feed grade vitamin A acetate 1350000IU, vitamin D3 powder 275000IU, vitamin E powder 4500mg, vitamin B13600mg and nicotinamide 3600mg.
1. Screening experiment of feed composition
1.1 Experimental materials:
sample preparation:
sample 1: under the same conditions as in example 2, the zinc-loaded bran was not prepared, and bran and copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, zinc methionine, calcium salt, phosphorus salt, magnesium sulfate were directly mixed with the rest of the raw materials to prepare a feed;
sample 2: under the same conditions as in example 2, the soy protein concentrate and the complex probiotic were directly mixed with the remaining raw materials to prepare a feed without preparing a semi-degraded protein.
Sample 3: feed prepared under application number CN 201610379880.7.
1.2 Experimental methods
1.2.1 time and place
(1) Test time: 6/2020/5 to 10/2020/10 for a total of 157 days, with a pretest period of 7 days.
(2) Test site: guanling cattle investment development Limited liability company in Guanling autonomous county, guanling independent county, council, agricultural machinery and farmer professional cooperative.
1.2.2 Experimental animals
The test calves provide 40 healthy and disease-free West Guang hybrid calves with the age of day (30 +/-7) d for Guanling cattle investment development Limited liability company in Guanling autonomous county, and rural power and agricultural farmer professional cooperative society in Guanling autonomous county. Grouping and pairing according to the principle that the body weight and the age in days are similar, and dividing into four groups, wherein the numbers are 1, 2, 3 and 4, and 10 heads are in each group.
1.2.3 Calf feeding method
According to the beef cattle feeding standard (NY/T815-2004) and NRC (2001) in China, the formula of the calf feed is designed by referring to the ingredient and nutrition value table of the beef cattle common feed, and the energy, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus and the like in the feed reach the nutritional level specified in the beef cattle feeding standard.
Four groups of calves were fed with the feed prepared in samples 1-3 and example 2, and the growth of the calves was recorded, including diarrhea incidence, weaning weight, survival rate, daily weight gain, relative weight gain, body height, body length, bust, circumference of canal, etc. At the beginning and the end of the test, the cattle are weighed on an empty stomach for two consecutive days, the average value is taken, the leftovers are collected and weighed before feeding every morning, the feed intake of each cattle is calculated, meanwhile, the body scales (the body slant length, the chest circumference, the body height and the cross height) of the calves are measured at the beginning and the end of the test, the relative weight gain during the test is calculated, and the relative body scale is increased.
The test data is collated, counted and subjected to correlation regression analysis by referring to a mathematical statistical method and a common mathematical statistical method and combining Excel software, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
1.3 results of the experiment
TABLE 1 influence of different diets on the growth performance of calves
Note: the data in the same row are marked with different lower case letters to represent significant difference (P < 0.05), upper case letters to represent significant difference (P < 0.01), and the same letters to represent insignificant difference (P > 0.05). The following table is the same.
TABLE 2 Effect of different diets on the Biochemical index of Calf blood
| Item | Example 2 | Group 1 | 2 groups of | Group 3 |
| Urea nitrogen BUN (mmol/l) | 5.87±0.16 b | 6.15±0.25 B | 6.27±0.18 B | 6.01±0.23 B |
| Glucose GLU (mmol/l) | 5.15±0.22 | 4.97±0.19 | 4.88±0.24 | 5.03±0.21 |
| Total protein TP (g/l) | 61.30±1.80 b | 57.81±1.88 b | 56.33±1.76 b | 60.02±2.12 b |
| Albumin ALB (g/l) | 33.68±1.34 | 30.65±1.45 | 28.98±1.67 | 30.33±1.56 |
| Globulin GLB (g/l) | 27.62±0.97 | 25.06±0.75 | 23.77±0.68 | 26.86±0.61 |
| Immunoglobulin A IgA (g/L) | 0.72±0.01 b | 0.69±0.04 b | 0.66±0.03 b | 0.70±0.06 b |
| Immunoglobulin G IgG (G/L) | 10.43±0.19 b | 9.75±0.51 b | 9.96±0.43 b | 10.01±0.26 b |
| Immunoglobulin M IgM (g/L) | 2.64±0.15 b | 2.41±0.13 b | 2.38±0.11 b | 2.52±0.15 b |
From the experimental results, the protocol of example 2 is most preferred in view of the combination.
In addition, the feed prepared in examples 1 to 3 was also subjected to the same grouping experiment and the growth of calves was recorded, including diarrhea incidence, weaning weight, survival rate, daily weight gain, relative weight gain, body height, body length, bust, circumference of canal, etc. At the beginning and the end of the test, weighing on an empty stomach in the early morning for two consecutive days, taking an average value, collecting and weighing the leftovers before feeding early every day, calculating the feed intake of each cow, measuring the body size (body slant length, chest circumference, body height and cross height) of the calf at the beginning and the end of the test, calculating the relative weight gain during the test, and increasing the relative body size, wherein the results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 Effect of the diets of examples 1-3 on the growth performance of calves
The improvement of the growth performance of the calves is the primary task in the feeding and management process of the calves, the body shape and appearance are the most direct expression of the growth condition of the calves, and the change of the body shape depends on the development of bones. The weight, daily gain and body size growth of calves are important indexes for evaluating growth performance. As can be seen from Table 3, the final weight, average daily gain, total increase in body height, total increase in oblique length and total increase in chest circumference of calves in the test group I are significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the final weight, average daily gain, body height increase, oblique body length increase and total chest circumference increase of calves in the test groups II and III are remarkably higher than those of a control group (P is less than 0.01); the calf weight loss, average daily gain, body height increase, oblique body length increase and chest circumference increase of the test II and the test III are not significant (P is more than 0.05); the difference between the tube circumference growth of the calves in the control group and the calves in the tests I, II and III is not significant (P is more than 0.05); the diarrhea rate of calves in the test I, the test II and the test III is respectively reduced by 7.78 percent, 12.78 percent and 13.89 percent compared with that of a control group.
TABLE 4 Effect of the diets of examples 1-3 on the growth performance of calves
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Urea nitrogen BUN (mmol/l) | 5.67±0.22 B | 5.87±0.16 b | 5.59±0.23 B |
| Glucose GLU (mmol/l) | 5.22±0.19 | 5.15±0.22 | 5.25±0.21 |
| Total protein TP (g/l) | 63.04±1.88 b | 61.30±1.80 b | 63.19±2.12 b |
| Albumin ALB (g/l) | 35.98±1.45 | 33.68±1.34 | 36.33±1.56 |
| Globulin GLB (g/l) | 27.06±0.75 | 27.62±0.97 | 26.86±0.61 |
| Immunoglobulin A IgA (g/L) | 0.74±0.04 b | 0.72±0.01 b | 0.75±0.06 b |
| Immunoglobulin G IgG (G/L) | 10.54±0.51 b | 10.43±0.19 b | 10.53±0.26 b |
| Immunoglobulin M IgM (g/L) | 2.63±0.13 b | 2.64±0.15 b | 2.62±0.11 b |
Blood is the link between the external environment and the body, and plays a role in communicating among tissues in the animal body, and metabolic waste and various nutrients are also exchanged through the blood.
The urea nitrogen level is related to the synthesis of protein in vivo, and the urea nitrogen level is low, which indicates that the synthesis rate of protein in the body is high and the amino acid balance is good; high urea nitrogen level can make nitrogen pass through urine and be discharged out of the body, reduces the utilization ratio of fodder nitrogen. As can be seen from Table 4, the serum BUN content of calves in the group I is significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the serum BUN content of calves in the groups II and III is significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01).
The test shows that the differences of GLU contents in calf serum between a control group and test groups I, II and III are not significant (P is more than 0.05).
The TP content in the serum can reflect the nutritional level of protein in the diet and the digestion and absorption degree of the protein by animals, and when the synthesis effect of the protein in vivo is enhanced, the TP content in the serum is higher; insufficient protein intake or absorption can cause insufficient serum ALB. As can be seen from Table 4, the serum TP content of calves in the groups I, II and III is significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).
The content of immunoglobulin is closely related to immunity of calf, and is an important index for reflecting immune function of organism, mainly including IgA, igG and IgM 3 proteins. IgA is the major antibody in the exudate, igG is the most abundant in serum, humoral, and IgM is the first-appearing antibody in immunity and infection. As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the control group, the contents of IgA, igG and IgM in the calf serum of the test groups I, II and III are obviously improved (P is less than 0.05); however, the difference of the contents of IgA, igG and IgM in calf serum among the groups I, II and III is not significant (P is more than 0.05). Therefore, comprehensively, the technical scheme of the application can obviously improve the breeding efficiency, can reduce the breeding cost of calves, obtains greater economic benefit, realizes the healthy breeding of meat calves, and has obvious technical advantages.
Claims (6)
1. A green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6-12 parts of corn, 16-24 parts of whey powder, 13-19 parts of vegetable oil, 32-42 parts of full-fat soybean, 0.3-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.7 part of stone powder, 0.3-0.7 part of baking soda, 0.3-0.7 part of salt and 0.5-1.5 parts of vitamin additive; it is characterized by also comprising 4-6 parts of bran with zinc and 5-11 parts of semi-degradable protein;
the zinc-loaded bran is obtained by loading zinc methionine on bran serving as a carrier; wherein the addition amount of zinc methionine is 6000-7200mg/kg; besides carrying methionine zinc, carrying 2250-2750mg/kg of copper sulfate, 2250-2750mg/kg of ferrous sulfate, 4350-4650mg/kg of manganese sulfate, 22-28mg/kg of cobalt chloride, 20-30mg/kg of sodium selenite, 50-70mg/kg of potassium iodide, 23000-27000mg/kg of magnesium sulfate, 65-95mg/kg of calcium salt and 17-23mg/kg of phosphorus salt;
the preparation method of the zinc-loaded bran comprises the following steps:
a. the bran is subjected to acid leaching, water washing, drying and crushing to obtain a bran carrier;
b. mixing copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite, potassium iodide and magnesium sulfate, and adding ethanol with the mass of 1-1.5 times of that of the mixture to obtain a mixed solution;
c. mixing zinc methionine, calcium salt and phosphorus salt with the bran carrier in the step a, grinding for 15-25min by using a ball mill, mixing and stirring with the mixed solution obtained in the step b, drying and crushing to obtain zinc-loaded bran;
the preparation method of the semi-degradable protein comprises the following steps:
a. mixing soy protein concentrate with protease in a ratio of 10:1.2-1.5, mixing and then treating for 40-60min;
b. and mixing the composite probiotics with the treated protein, performing freeze-drying treatment, and crushing.
2. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 1, wherein the protease is papain and trypsin in a ratio of 1-1.8:0.7-1.2 by mass ratio.
3. The green functional feed for improving the growth performance and immunity of calves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite probiotics comprise bacillus natto, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus.
4. The green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves as claimed in claim 3, wherein the amounts of Bacillus natto, bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus added are 2.55 x 10 per 10kg of soy protein concentrate 12 -3.45×10 12 CFU、6.8×10 13 -9.2×10 13 CFU、2.0×10 11 -3.0×10 11 CFU。
5. The green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin additives are: each kg of functional feed for calf contains feed grade vitamin A acetate 1350000-1730000IU, vitamin D3 powder 275000-345000IU, vitamin E powder 4500-5500mg, vitamin B13600-4500mg, and nicotinamide 3600-4500mg.
6. A method for preparing green functional feed for improving growth performance and immunity of calves according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
a. pulverizing semen Maydis and full-fat semen glycines, puffing, adding zinc-loaded bran and semi-degradable protein, and grinding for 10-15min;
b. and (b) mixing and homogenizing the stone powder, whey powder, calcium hydrophosphate, baking soda and vegetable oil, adding the mixture obtained in the step (a), mixing and crushing, adding the vitamin additive and the salt, and mixing uniformly.
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| CN113349298A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-09-07 | 宿迁大北农饲料有限责任公司 | Boar feed in mating period |
| CN113180158A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-07-30 | 吉林省泰新生物技术有限公司 | Probiotic complete mixture for weaned pig at early stage of nursing and preparation method thereof |
| CN114052133A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-02-18 | 新疆禾邦牧业有限公司 | Breeding feed meeting lactation characteristics of beef calves |
| CN114304408A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-12 | 哈尔滨海大饲料有限公司 | Concentrated feed for solving cow breeding disorder and preparation method thereof |
| CN114631600A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-17 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Calf colostrum milk powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN114711332B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-09-22 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Feed for improving immunity of weaned yak calf and preparation method thereof |
| CN114874940B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-07-14 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Composite microbial agent, fermented product thereof and application thereof |
| CN114886022A (en) * | 2022-05-14 | 2022-08-12 | 宿州市美联阳光饲料有限责任公司 | Fermented feed for promoting calf gastric motility |
| CN115176902A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-14 | 河北华品生物科技有限公司 | Nutrient balance feed for calves in growth stage |
| CN115316509A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-11-11 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | Feed containing alfalfa extract and preparation method thereof |
| CN115176904A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-14 | 高侠 | Growth performance improving feed for calves |
| CN115651881B (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-03-28 | 广州傲农生物科技有限公司 | Probiotic compound bacterial liquid, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116286749B (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2024-03-26 | 广东海洋大学 | Dissolving agent and application thereof |
| CN116326689A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-06-27 | 宁夏博瑞饲料有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing calf diarrhea by combining mother and child and application thereof |
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| CN101049128B (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2011-02-09 | 上海光明荷斯坦牧业有限公司 | Composite prepaid feedstuff capable of raising breeding performance of milch cow |
| CN102524548A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2012-07-04 | 安徽申亚农牧科技股份有限公司 | Compound premixed feeds for cattle and sheep health protection and preparation method thereof |
| CN104054963A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-24 | 四川国凤中科生物科技有限公司 | Feed suitable for calf in lactation period |
| CN105961856A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Antibiotic-free calf feed for improving growth performance and immune function and preparation method thereof |
| CN107494914A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏天成科技集团有限公司 | A kind of preparation technology of new enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation plant protein fodder |
| CN110235986A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-09-17 | 江苏富海生物科技有限公司 | A kind of calf powered milk substitute and preparation method thereof |
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