CN102894217B - Granular material for producing bob veal - Google Patents
Granular material for producing bob veal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a granular material for produing bob veal, and the granular material consists of corn, bran, whey powder, wheat albumen powder, peanut albumen powder, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, a compound microbial enzyme preparation, a vitamin complex and a mineral substance compound. Tests show that after calves are fed with the granular material provided by the invention, the granular material and milk powder substitutes can be used together to produce veal with high quality, and on the premise of not influencing the performance of the produced veal, the disease incident of calves can be reduced, and the health status of the calves can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to produce the field of fodder of Calf-Meat, be specifically related to a kind of particulate material of producing Calf-Meat.
Background technology
1, the present situation of veal production
Veal refers to feed 5 ~ 6 months with full milk, skimmed milk or milk replacer fully after the calf birth, deliver body weight for sale and reach the 150-180 kilogram, through special butcher, cut apart, acid discharge and the beef produced.
Soft, the delicious flavour of veal meat, yellowish pink is with lightpink entirely in vain or slightly, is of high nutritive value, and the general beef of ratio of crude protein is high by 63%, and fat is low by 95%, is rich in necessary each seed amino acid of human body and vitamin, is a kind of high-grade health food.Its nutritive value is higher than common beef far away, and is low because of its fat content, meat is fine and smooth, is more suitable for designed for old people.Simultaneously, be different from Adult Bovine vituline cutting apart, and the requirement of self is arranged, and high-grade position meets western-style restaurant's standard, is the first-selection of western-style food culinary art.
Vituline development is along with the flourish of dairy and dairy industry grows up, therefore, the country that the milk industry is flourishing in the world is all very flourishing such as the veal industry of France, Italy, Holland, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand etc.European Union is the cradle that veal is produced, and also is simultaneously present topmost production and consumption zone.Traditional veal producing country mainly is France (annual 1600000), Holland (annual 1300000) and Italy (annual 870000).At present, France is country of consumption maximum in the European Union, and Italy is maximum importer, and Holland is maximum exported country.The number of animals raised of U.S.'s young white ox in 1994 just reaches 8,000,000.In several years of Canada's past, the veal industry has also obtained flourish.
In recent years, along with the raising of living standards of the people, the beef consumption figure of China increases year by year.Chinese sirloin import volume in 2009 is increased to 1.04 ten thousand tons by 0.73 ten thousand ton of last year, increases by 1.4 times.The vituline overall manufacturing level of China is lower.The at present vituline consumption of China mainly concentrates on metropolitan high-grade hotel, the hotels such as Beijing, Shanghai.Compare with external import veal, although domestic vituline price is low, because product is very different, quality can't guarantee that therefore, the required veal in high-grade hotel relies on the high price import mostly, Pekinese's degree of self-sufficiency is less than 10% also, also has very large breach on veal is supplied with.
In vituline calf, the milk bull calf is a very important part.China's milk cow amount of livestock on hand has reached 1,400 ten thousand, and the annual milk bull calf ox that produces is more than 5,000,000.These calf major parts are butchered making serum in several days after birth, after perhaps feeding, make common beef and use.Therefore, utilize milk bull calf Niu Yufei to produce veal, can not only utilize well milk bull calf Niu Ziyuan, for the raiser increases income, can also increase the supply of beef simultaneously, particularly increase the supply of top grade beef.It is reported, the present situation of utilizing of milk bull calf ox has been carried out large-scale inquiry in China, have approximately 54% milk bull calf to be fattened, wherein, 18% milk cattle cultivating person selects oneself to fatten, and 36% the culturist bull calf of will suckling is sold to other people and fattens.The home to return to that this means the milk bull calf remains meat, and dairy and beef raising are complementary related industries.But Chinese veal production starting evening and small scale lack veal production technology system and relevant criterion, and the overall manufacturing level of Calf-Meat is lower, only have at present the ground such as Heilungkiang, Beijing, Xinjiang to carry out vituline production research.Under these circumstances, milk bull calf resource how to utilize existing huge milk cow colony to produce, rely on abundant natural resources as support, the Industry Model of foreign maturation and breeding technology, develop high-grade Calf-Meat product, structure advantage beef cattle industries becomes the present major issue that needs concern and need to be resolved hurrily.
2, the problem that exists in the existing veal mode of production
In the domestic ongoing Calf-Meat pilot production, most of use the full milk calf of feeding, the minority milk replacer of feeding, test shows: the production performance of the full milk of feeding is higher than the calf of the milk replacer of feeding.Yet current China fresh milk resource is nervous, and the fresh milk price is in historical high-order, produces veal limitation is all being arranged aspect the economic and social benefit two with the fresh milk calf of feeding.
Produce in the production of high-grade Calf-Meat with fresh milk or the milk replacer milk bull calf ox of feeding, also have the problem of animal health and culture benefit, how by adjusting rationally the feed Calf-Meat of milk bull calf ox and the high-grade quality of output of daily ration, become the emphasis of research.Wu Rinas etc. are by feeding to Chinese Holstein milk bull calf with full milk and powered milk substitute+substitute breast milk, feeding period 6 months, inquire into the impact of mode on the veal production performance of feeding of two kinds of differences, discovery is with powered milk substitute+substitute breast milk calf of feeding, carcass weight, slaughter assorted rate, neat percentage and significantly be lower than the full milk group of feeding, the equal satisfying the market requirement of two groups meat; Wang Wen is strange to be waited with the full milk Chinese Holstein bull calf of feeding, and feeding period 120d finds that dressing percentage and neat percentage are respectively 60% and 45.68%.
In China's animal and fowl fodder was produced, what generally use was corn-soybean meal diet, and wherein the main source of protein is large bean products, also had in addition assorted dregs of rice class, for example cotton dregs, dish dregs of rice etc.Assorted dregs of rice class contains the anti-nutrient substances such as gossypol, should not use in producing high-grade veal daily ration.And large bean products also has ANFs, and the calf gastrointestinal development is not yet ripe lower, very easily produces allergic reaction, indigestion, diarrhoea etc. occur and affects growing of calf.While, Domestic Resources can not satisfy the demand of feed industry already owing to China's aquaculture develops rapidly, and every year need to be from the products such as dregs of beans of external import about 50%.In recent years, the large beans feedstuff price such as dregs of beans rises steadily, and has affected the economic benefit of China's aquaculture.The crop product more with China's output comes Substitution for Soybean Meal, reduces the consumption of large bean material, will open up the novel fodder resource, the thinking of open China aquaculture feed preparation.
The research of domestic Calf-Meat particulate material and produce to utilize evening with respect to developed country, and in the document and patent delivered at present, protein feeds all uses the bean products such as Soybean Meal, FSPC, expanded soybean, and the assorted dregs of rice such as cotton dregs.The pertinent literature of the relevant milk bull calf of feeding is as follows:
CN02128844.5 discloses a kind of calf lamb powered milk substitute, one-tenth by following weight ratio is grouped into: whole bean milk powder 60.48%, whole soya-bean powder 65.48%, milk powder 5.00%, whey powder, 10.00%, gelatinized starch 14.00%, vitamin premix 0.02%, microelement pre-mix material 0.10%, calcium carbonate 2.40%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.00%, sodium chloride 0.30%, cud promoter 0.10%, rumen microorganism conditioning agent 0.10%, lysine 3.50%, methionine 1.00%, tryptophan 0.50%, threonine 1.50%.
CN200710097789.7 discloses milk replacer for calf period, be divided into calves in earlier stage milk replacer and late calves milk replacer, the preparation of calves in earlier stage milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 5-20 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-50 part, whey powder 10-40 part, lactose 3-10 part, water-soluble fatty 2-10 part, mineral substance premix 3-10 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.2-1 part, lysine 0.2-1 part.The preparation of late calves milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 1-10 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-40 part, whey powder 10-30 part, lactose 1-5 part, water-soluble fatty 1-5 part, mineral substance premix 1-5 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.1-1 part, lysine 0.1-1 part.
(the Fu Yunqin etc. such as Fu Yunqin, the various combination probio is on the impact of 0-8 calf growth performance in age in week and Biochemical Indices In Serum, the Animal nutrition journal, 2012,24 (4): the compound bacteria that 753-761) discloses basal feed+bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum (each bacterium bacterium ratio of counting is 1:1:1) has improved the body body index in 8 ages in week of calf.
Gorgeous grade of state's spring (state's spring is gorgeous etc., add complex enzyme to the impact of Corn-soybean-green hay type substrate Short-time static artificial rumen fermentation, the Animal nutrition journal, 2009,21 (2): 251-257) disclose the extracorporeal culture-ing that adopts the fermentation of Short-time static artificial rumen, studied 8 kinds of complex enzymes to the impact of Corn-soybean-green hay type substrate Short-time static lumen fermentation, the best complex enzyme is that cellulase, zytase, acid protease, neutral proteinase, pectase and powdered rice hulls are prepared according to 20:5:5:2:2:66.
Not yet see the described complex microorganism that is formed by bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum and share in the report of calf particulate material by the complex enzyme that cellulase and zytase form.
3, the quasi-solution of the present invention problem of determining
When feeding the high-grade vituline calf of production, modal is only to feed with fresh milk or milk replacer, is aided with a small amount of powder or hay.Because the calf speed of growth is very fast, especially after 2 monthly ages, only rely on the milk replacer liquid calf of feeding, the one, nutriment provides meeting inadequate, and the calf speed of growth slows down; The 2nd, the calf cud is grown slowly, and digestive function is grown imperfection, and the calf susceptible disease has increased the cultivation expense.The growth of calf cud relies on fine fodder to a great extent.Therefore, increase feeding of particulate material at the suitable age in days of calf, promote the perfect of cud growth and digestive system, promote calf to the digestion of nutriment, reduce the generation of disease.Milk replacer is pulvis before brewing, and the Direct-fed calf can be caused respiratory disorder; More pay attention to water-soluble and stable, higher to ingredient requirement, so production cost is higher in the prescription of milk replacer.During the 0-6 monthly age, use particulate material to substitute the milk replacer 40% below calf of feeding, can greatly reduce feeding cost, improve the economic benefit of veal production.
Summary of the invention
For the problem of producing actual and existing patented technology existence, rationally use effective raw material with brand-new thinking and method, make the particulate material that is more suitable for producing Calf-Meat.
The complex microorganism enzyme preparation of production Calf-Meat provided by the invention is comprised of active component and carrier, and its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 25-75 part and complex enzyme 15-45 part.
Concrete, described complex microorganism enzyme preparation, its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 33-67 part and complex enzyme 20-40 part.
Preferably, described complex microorganism enzyme preparation, its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 40-60 part and complex enzyme 24-36 part.
Further preferred, described complex microorganism enzyme preparation, its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: 30 parts of 50 parts of complex microorganisms and complex enzymes.
Described complex microorganism is comprised of bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum, and its weight ratio is 5-15:5-15:10-30:5-15, and preferred weight ratio is 10:10:20:10, and its gross activity is 10
10CFU/g;
Described complex enzyme is comprised of cellulase and zytase, and the weight ratio of the two is 10-35:1-10, and preferably the weight ratio of the two is 25:5, described cellulase, and its enzyme work is at 2.2 ten thousand-200,000 U/g; Described zytase, its enzyme work is at 9.5 ten thousand-240,000 U/g;
Its carrier is one or more in wheat bran, rice bran, corn protein powder, gluten powder or the peanut protein powder, consider from cost and properties of product, be preferably corn protein powder, its weight portion is 60-180 part, be preferably 80-160 part, more preferably 96-144 part further is preferably 120 parts.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned particulate material:
1) preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the carrier of adding and complex microorganism equivalent, after mixing, for subsequent use;
2) preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after the carrier of residue proportioning mixes, for subsequent use;
3) complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, and get final product.
The particulate material that the present invention also provides a kind of production Calf-Meat that contains above-mentioned complex microorganism enzyme preparation to use contains the composition of following percentage by weight: corn 40%-70%, wheat bran 3%-15%, whey powder 1%-10%, gluten powder 2%-20%, peanut protein powder 5%-20%, lysine 0.02%-2%, methionine 0.02%-2%, threonine 0.02%-2%, tryptophan 0.01%-0.5%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.55%-5.5%, vitamin compound 0.01%-0.2%, mineral complex 1.01%-5%.
Preferably, the composition that contains following percentage by weight in the described particulate material: corn 49%-65%, wheat bran 3%-15%, whey powder 2%-10%, gluten powder 7%-15%, peanut protein powder 5%-14%, lysine 0.09%-1.3%, methionine 0.05%-1%, threonine 0.1%-1.1%, tryptophan 0.02%-0.3%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.9%-4.5%, vitamin compound 0.02%-0.1%, mineral complex 1.5%-4.5%.
Further preferably, contain the composition of following percentage by weight in the described particulate material: corn 59.6%, wheat bran 8%, whey powder 5%, gluten powder 7%, peanut protein powder 14%, lysine 0.7%, methionine 0.3%, threonine 0.5%, tryptophan 0.05%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 2.1%, vitamin compound 0.05%, mineral complex 2.7%.
Described vitamin compound is that the vitamin by following weight portion is made into: vitamin A 5%-9%, vitamin D 1%-2.5%, vitamin E 5%-25%, vitamin K 0.1%-1.8%, cobalamin .1%-4.0%, vitamin B2 2.0%-4.8%, vitamin B6 2.1%-4.0%, Cobastab 120.1%-1.9%, nicotinic acid 10%-24%, calcium pantothenate 5.2%-7.5%, biotin 0.002%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.66%-3.3%, carrier 20%-45%.
Preferably, described vitamin compound is made into by the vitamin of following weight portion: vitamin A 7%; Vitamin D 2%; Vitamin E 18%; Vitamin K 1.5%; Orotic acid .0%; Vitamin B2 4.5%; Vitamin B6 3.0%; Cobalamin 1.5%; Nicotinic acid 18%; Calcium pantothenate 6.0%; Biotin 0.02%; Antioxidant 1.65%, carrier 33.83%.
Described antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
Its carrier is wheat bran, rice bran, corn protein powder, gluten powder, peanut protein powder or corn protein powder, is preferably corn protein powder.
Described mineral complex is grouped into by the one-tenth of following percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.01%-0.05%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.2%-1.0%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.3%-1.2%, cobalt chloride 0.05%-0.3%, KI 0.1%-0.7%, sodium selenite 0.05%-0.4%, epsom salt 1.0%-5.0%, calcium carbonate 30%-50%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10%-25%, salt 3%-10%, carrier 6.35%-55.29%.
Preferably, described mineral complex is grouped into by the one-tenth of following percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.03%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.5%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.7%, cobalt chloride 0.1%, KI 0.3%, sodium selenite 0.1%, epsom salt 2.5%, calcium carbonate 45%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 20%, salt 7%, carrier 23.77%.
Its carrier is wheat bran, rice bran, corn protein powder, gluten powder, peanut protein powder or corn protein powder, is preferably corn protein powder.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned particulate material:
Take by weighing each component according to proportioning, then prepare respectively calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation, vitamin compound, mineral complex, and then according to progressively increase all the components in the method hybrid particles material of equivalent, get final product.
The present invention also provides the application of above-mentioned particulate material in the feed of preparation production Calf-Meat, is specially and feeds for the production of the vituline 0-6 of top grade monthly age calf, jointly feeds with special-purpose milk replacer during use.
After the calf birth, the sweet milk of searching for food in the first week, second week begins to be transitioned into gradually the milk replacer of Calf-Meat special use and feeds, particulate material to the Calf-Meat special use that began during age in the 6th week to feed, progressively adapt to and the Substitute For Partial milk replacer, to the 11 week during age in the every day scale of feeding adding proportion of particulate material account for 40%, keep this ratio until fatten end.The total solid yield of the particulate material of feeding every day and milk replacer is calculated by 1.25% of calf body weight, adjusts weekly ampoule.
The complex microorganism enzyme preparation that production Calf-Meat provided by the invention is used and the particulate material that contains it have the following advantages:
1, in the complex microorganism enzyme preparation that production Calf-Meat provided by the invention is used:
Employing is formed by bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, the Lactobacillus plantarum complex microorganism that forms and the complex enzyme proportioning that is comprised of cellulase and zytase.
By Fu Yunqin etc. the complex microorganism that adopts bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum to form is disclosed in the prior art, the gorgeous complex enzyme that waits employing cellulase, zytase, acid protease, neutral proteinase, pectase proportioning of state's spring.
Product provided by the invention compared with prior art, the complex microorganism of employing is comprised of four kinds of probios, has increased especially saccharomycete, consume more fast oxygen, and produce acid and be conducive to the digestion of nutriment, reduce diarrhoea to occur, improve calf daily gain and feed conversion rate.Final complex microorganism provided by the invention, its gross activity are 10
10CFU/g, the ratio of bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum is 1:1:2:1, improves calf alimentary canal the composition of the microorganism, improves health status.
Complex enzyme has adopted two kinds.Protein is mainly derived from gluten powder and peanut protein powder in the particulate material provided by the invention, its protein digestibility is higher, the calf stress reaction is lower, is the Corn-soybean daily ration and the test of state's gorgeous report of spring is adopted, and this patent is corn-wheat albumen powder-peanut protein powder type daily ration.Therefore this patent has only added the fiber degradation complex enzyme for the fibrous matter in the particulate material, improves calf to the digestibility of plant feed, reduces trophism diarrhea and occurs.
2, particulate material provided by the invention:
Prior art discloses a kind of calf lamb powered milk substitute in 02128844.5, one-tenth by following weight ratio is grouped into: whole bean milk powder 60.48%, whole soya-bean powder 65.48%, milk powder 5.00%, whey powder, 10.00%, gelatinized starch 14.00%, vitamin premix 0.02%, microelement pre-mix material 0.10%, calcium carbonate 2.40%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.00%, sodium chloride 0.30%, cud promoter 0.10%, rumen microorganism conditioning agent 0.10%, lysine 3.50%, methionine 1.00%, tryptophan 0.50%, threonine 1.50%.
Compare with this document, particulate material provided by the invention has following difference:
1) feeding method is different.Particulate material provided by the invention is grain shape, but Direct-fed is to calf; 02128844.5 patented product is milk replacer, must brew into the calf of can feeding after the emulsion with the cool boiling water that dries in the air.
2) substituted whole bean milk powder and whole soya-bean powder, milk powder with gluten powder and peanut protein powder:
In the particulate material provided by the invention with gluten powder, peanut protein powder substitute present calf milk substitute, particulate material, fine fodder, open whole bean milk powder in the foodstuff, the bean products such as whole soya-bean powder, FSPC, expanded soybean, Soybean Meal.The calf gut development is still unsound, and when searching for food soybean protein too much, the antigenic substances such as the glycinin in the soybean stimulate calf intestines and stomach generation immune response, cause delayed hypersensitivity reaction.Intestinal villus peels off in a large number after the antigen allergy, has reduced and has digested and assimilated area, causes diarrhoea.Avoid or reduce the use of bean product in the calf daily ration, with reduce calf stress, improve the nutrient digestion rate, reduce diarrhea rate.Gluten powder is the byproduct of wheat deep processing, contains abundant feed nutrient, livestock and poultry is had encourage disease-resistant function, very strong food calling is arranged and open the food effect promoting livestock and poultry to increase growth; Peanut protein powder is complete to have kept the nutritional labeling in the peanut, and soluble protein is high, and nutritive value can be comparable with animal protein, and effective rate of utilization is high, and easy digested absorption, and contains than soybean ANFs still less.Gluten powder is usually used in the feed of fish, cat, birds; Peanut protein powder is usually used in beverage, food and milk powder uses, the report that also has the feed of doing cat to use.But in the calf feed, whether can use, how to use, how addition there is no the research report.
3) reduced the use of iron additive
Existing patented technology has been added the ferrous sulfate additive in its microelement pre-mix material.When producing veal, must reduce the content of iron in the feed because requiring yellowish pink more shallow (white or lightpink).In order to reach simultaneously the healthy growth of calf, U.S. NRC proposes to produce the iron content of vituline daily ration should be at 50mg/kg, and general iron content recommendation is 120mg/kg, and it is redder that this can make veal present color, do not meet the requirement of meat.The present invention namely follows the NRC requirement, does not add the iron additives such as ferrous sulfate in particulate material.
4) adopt the complex microorganism enzyme preparation to substitute in the cub cud promoter in the former patent and the rumen microorganism conditioning agent.
The cud promoter of existing patented technology is citric acid, fumaric acid, sodium Diacetate, chromium picolinate, vitamin C, magnesia and yeast albumen powder, major function is to improve the digestibility of nutriment by reducing intestines and stomach pH value, this has obvious effect for birth little calf soon, but for above calf of 3 monthly ages, its lumen fermentation function gradually ripe, enteron aisle digestive juice secretion functional development fully after, effect just weakens to some extent, need to improve digestion to nutriment by improving calf autodigestion road system.
And the rumen microorganism conditioning agent is that commercially available multiple-effect intestines bacterium is flat in the existing patented technology, and main component is bacillus.Composition is comparatively single.Bacillus is not autochthonous flora in the cud, needs constantly that supplementary feeding can guarantee its quantity and function from daily ration.
The present invention is directed to above problem, designed the complex microorganism enzyme preparation, substitute single bacillus with complex microorganism (bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum), and be equipped with suitable ratio, increase the bacterial classification interphase interaction, improve the improvement of rumen microflora; Improve vegetalitas daily ration digestibility in the calf intestines and stomach with cellulase and zytase.Regulate environment in the calf intestines and stomach from the angle of body autogenous control.Applicable to 0-6 monthly age calf.
And CN200710097789.7 discloses milk replacer for calf period, be divided into calves in earlier stage milk replacer and late calves milk replacer, the preparation of calves in earlier stage milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 5-20 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-50 part, whey powder 10-40 part, lactose 3-10 part, water-soluble fatty 2-10 part, mineral substance premix 3-10 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.2-1 part, lysine 0.2-1 part.The preparation of late calves milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 1-10 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-40 part, whey powder 10-30 part, lactose 1-5 part, water-soluble fatty 1-5 part, mineral complex 1-5 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.1-1 part, lysine 0.1-1 part.
Compare with this document, difference of the present invention and advantage are:
Using method is different when 1) feeding.Particulate material provided by the invention is grain shape, but Direct-fed is to calf; 02128844.5 patented product is milk replacer, need to brew into the calf of can feeding after the emulsion with the cool boiling water that dries in the air.
2) substituted whole bean milk powder and whole soya-bean powder, milk powder with gluten powder and peanut protein powder:
Among the present invention with gluten powder, peanut protein powder substitute present calf milk substitute, particulate material, fine fodder, open whole bean milk powder in the foodstuff, the bean products such as whole soya-bean powder, FSPC, expanded soybean, Soybean Meal.The calf gut development is still unsound, and when searching for food soybean protein too much, the antigenic substances such as the glycinin in the soybean stimulate calf intestines and stomach generation immune response, cause delayed hypersensitivity reaction.Intestinal villus peels off in a large number after the antigen allergy, has reduced and has digested and assimilated area, causes diarrhoea.Avoid or reduce the use of bean product in the calf daily ration, with reduce calf stress, improve the nutrient digestion rate, reduce diarrhea rate.Gluten powder is the byproduct of wheat deep processing, contains abundant feed nutrient, livestock and poultry is had encourage disease-resistant function, very strong food calling is arranged and open the food effect promoting livestock and poultry to increase growth; Peanut protein powder is complete to have kept the nutritional labeling in the peanut, and soluble protein is high, and nutritive value can be comparable with animal protein, and effective rate of utilization is high, and easy digested absorption, and contains than soybean ANFs still less.Gluten powder is usually used in the feed of fish, cat, birds; Peanut protein powder is usually used in beverage, food and milk powder uses, the report that also has the feed of doing cat to use.But in the calf feed, whether can use, how to use, how addition there is no the research report.
3) reduced the use of iron additive
Existing patented technology has been added the ferrous sulfate additive in its microelement pre-mix material.When producing veal, must reduce the content of iron in the feed because requiring yellowish pink more shallow (white or lightpink).In order to reach simultaneously the healthy growth of calf, U.S. NRC proposes to produce the iron content of vituline daily ration should be at 50mg/kg, and general iron content recommendation is 120mg/kg, and it is redder that this can make veal present color, do not meet the requirement of meat.The present invention namely follows the NRC requirement, does not add the iron additives such as ferrous sulfate in particulate material.
4) the calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation that adopts complex microorganism and complex enzyme to form has substituted the cub digestive aid.The cub digestive aid is the compound that lipase, protease, amylase and zytase share, and complex microorganism and complex enzyme that the present invention uses.
Enzyme secretion deficiency, especially amylase and protease in the digestive system during calf birth.Along with the growth of calf, progressively had the function of protein, fat and starch in the digestion vegetable raw material, its protease and amylase are progressively sound.And enzyme itself also is protein, enter cud with feed after, also can because of the fermentation Partial digestion of rumen microorganism, reduce the effect of enzyme.Particulate material provided by the invention adopts inoculating microbe to regulate the means of rumen microorganism flora, reaches and mentions rumen microorganism to effective decomposition of feed ingredient.For the higher characteristics of the plant-derived feed ratio of product, add the cellulase that promotes cellulose decomposition simultaneously.Compound action with microorganism and enzyme preparation reaches the effect that promotes the calf digestive function, is better than single interpolation enzyme preparation.
5) methionine, threonine and tryptophan have been increased
Only added lysine in the former patent.Methionine, threonine and tryptophan are essential amino acid too, and suitability for industrialized production.Threonine and tryptophan content in feedstuff is lower, during the preparation animal diets, needs to consider to replenish threonine and tryptophan, especially for young animals such as calves.Replenish amino acid balance in methionine, threonine and the tryptophan capable of regulating feed, promote growth, improve meat, the daily ration of amino acid balance can suitably reduce gross protein value, reduces feed cost.
Adopt the prior art 0-6 monthly age calf of feeding, its yellowish pink is partially red, can not satisfy and produce vituline requirement; And only reducing the content of iron in the prior art, incidence of disease height, the not good phenomenon of the calf state of mind can appear in the calf Long-term Feeding.And adopt particulate material provided by the invention to feed behind the calf, and average daily gain reaches more than the 0.7kg/d, and the average daily gain of 6 monthly ages surpasses 1kg/d.The tolly of birth weight 40kg was fattened through 180 days, and weightening finish can obtain about cutability 69kg by 140kg.
3, produce veal in the prior art, be only to feed milk replacer in the past, and the beef after feeding is fresh and tender, and moisture is high, but calf is in abnormal condition, liable to illness, and beef is only suitable for Western-style roasting grade for the cooking methods of frying in shallow oil.And conventional adopt solid feed to feed the color of beef reddens, the meat ageing, no longer delicate.Particulate material provided by the invention cooperates milk replacer to feed together, and compared with only feeding with milk replacer, calf diarrhea reduces, and the present invention suitably adds particulate material to calf, and ratio is not higher than 40% of milk replacer, can obtain the veal of similar meat, can reduce disease again, increase economic efficiency.
Show through overtesting that 4, particulate material provided by the invention is fed behind the calf, can prepare veal of fine quality, and under the prerequisite that does not affect meat production, can reduce the disease incident of calf, reduces diarrhoea, improves calf health status.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Described bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria is available from Beijing China agricultural bioengineering Co., Ltd;
Described bacillus subtilis viable bacteria is available from Beijing China agricultural bioengineering Co., Ltd;
Described saccharomycete is available from Beijing China agricultural bioengineering Co., Ltd;
Described Lactobacillus plantarum is by Institute of Feeds,China Academy of Agriculture Sciences's livestock nutrition and the screening of feed research department and preparation;
Described cellulase, enzyme work be at 2.2 ten thousand-200,000 U/g, described zytase, and enzyme work is at 9.5 ten thousand-240,000 U/g, all available from the sharp positive bio tech ltd in Jiangsu;
Other feed addictives and feedstuff are all bought from feed market and are obtained.
Embodiment 1: the particulate material of producing Calf-Meat
1, calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation forms and preparation method thereof:
1) forms: complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 50kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 30kg, corn protein powder 120kg.
2) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation method:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the corn protein powder of adding and 50kg, after mixing, for subsequent use;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining corn protein powder 70kg mixes, for subsequent use;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, namely get calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation.
2, composition and the preparation method of particulate material who contains the production Calf-Meat of complex microorganism enzyme preparation
2.1 form: see Table 1
Table 1: the composition of particulate material
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Corn | 596 | 59.6 |
| Wheat bran | 80 | 8.0 |
| Whey powder | 50 | 5.0 |
| Gluten powder | 70 | 7.0 |
| Peanut protein powder | 140 | 14 |
| Lysine | 7 | 0.7 |
| Methionine | 3 | 0.3 |
| Threonine | 5 | 0.5 |
| Tryptophan | 0.5 | 0.05 |
| The complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 21 | 2.1 |
| The vitamin compound | 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Mineral complex | 27 | 2.7 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
1) consisting of of described vitamin compound:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Vitamin A | 7 | 7 |
| Vitamin D | 2 | 2 |
| Vitamin E | 18 | 18 |
| Vitamin K | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Vitamin B1 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Vitamin B2 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Vitamin B6 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Cobalamin | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Nicotinic acid | 18 | 18 |
| Calcium pantothenate | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Biotin | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline) | 1.65 | 1.65 |
| Corn protein powder | 33.83 | 33.83 |
| Add up to | 100 | 100 |
The composition preparation method of vitamin compound: with described composition, after mixing according to the equivalent method of progressively increasing, for subsequent use.
2) consisting of of described mineral complex:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Cupric sulfate pentahydrate | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Manganese sulfate monohydrate | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Monohydrate zinc sulphate | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Cobalt chloride | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| KI | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Sodium selenite | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Epsom salt | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Salt | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Calcium carbonate | 45 | 45 |
| Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 20 | 20 |
| Corn protein powder | 23.77 | 23.77 |
| Add up to | 100 | 100 |
Take by weighing each raw material according to proportioning, mix rear for subsequent use.
2.2 produce the preparation method of the particulate material of Calf-Meat: the proportioning according to table 1 takes by weighing each composition, prepare calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation, vitamin compound, mineral complex in advance, and then according to progressively increase all the components in the method hybrid particles material of equivalent, get final product.
3, using method:
The substitute mode of particulate material: calf 0-14 age in days is the milk replacer transitional period, the milk replacer of searching for food during 15 age in days, during the 35th age in days, give first milk replacer when feed every day, then begin the free choice feeding particulate material, after calf has adapted to particulate material, progressively increase the adding proportion of particulate material in the feed, the adding proportion that is transitioned into milk replacer and particulate material when treating 70 age in days is 6:4, keeps this ratio consistent with fattening end.
In whole fattening period, milk replacer and the particulate material total solids scale of feeding that keep calf every day are the 1.0%-1.3% of body weight.
From 50 ages in days, to calf a little sheep's hay of feeding, feed every day three times, behind the quantitative milk replacer of at every turn feeding first, particulate material is positioned in the charging basket searches for food for calf.
Embodiment 2: the particulate material of producing Calf-Meat
1, the composition of calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation and preparation method:
1) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation forms: complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 40kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 24kg, corn protein powder 106kg.
2) preparation method of calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the corn protein powder of adding and 40kg, after mixing, for subsequent use;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after residue corn protein powder 56kg mixes, for subsequent use;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, and get final product.
2, composition and the preparation method of particulate material who contains the production Calf-Meat of above-mentioned complex microorganism enzyme preparation
2.1 form: see Table 2
Table 2: the composition of particulate material
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Corn | 490 | 49 |
| Wheat bran | 92.2 | 9.22 |
| Whey powder | 100 | 10 |
| Gluten powder | 150 | 15 |
| Peanut protein powder | 50 | 5 |
| Lysine | 10 | 1 |
| Methionine | 7 | 0.7 |
| Threonine | 9 | 0.9 |
| Tryptophan | 1 | 0.1 |
| Calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 45 | 4.5 |
| The vitamin compound | 0.8 | 0.08 |
| Mineral complex | 45 | 4.5 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
Vitamin compound and mineral complex are with embodiment 1.
2.2 the preparation method is with embodiment 1.
3, using method:
Calf 0-14 age in days is the transitional period, the milk replacer of searching for food during 15 age in days, and beginning free choice feeding particulate material, after calf searches for food particulate material, progressively increase the adding proportion of particulate material in the feed, to the amount of the particulate material of searching for food be body weight 0.5% the time, keep the scale of feeding of particulate material until fatten end.
At whole fattening period, milk replacer and the particulate material total solids scale of feeding that keep calf every day are the 1.0%-1.3% of body weight.
Feed twice every day, behind the quantitative milk replacer of at every turn feeding first, particulate material is positioned in the charging basket searches for food for calf.
Embodiment 3: the particulate material of producing Calf-Meat
1, the composition of calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation and preparation method:
1) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation forms: complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 40kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 35kg, corn protein powder 125kg.
2) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation method:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the corn protein powder of adding and 60kg, after mixing, for subsequent use;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining corn protein powder 65kg mixes, for subsequent use;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, and get final product.
2, the particulate material and the preparation method that contain the production Calf-Meat of above-mentioned complex microorganism enzyme preparation
2.1 form: see Table 3
Table 3: the composition of particulate material
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Corn | 562 | 56.2 |
| Wheat bran | 150 | 15 |
| Whey powder | 20 | 2 |
| Gluten powder | 100 | 10 |
| Peanut protein powder | 100 | 10 |
| Lysine | 13 | 1.3 |
| Methionine | 10 | 1 |
| Threonine | 11 | 1.1 |
| Tryptophan | 3 | 0.3 |
| Calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 15 | 1.5 |
| The vitamin compound | 1 | 0.1 |
| Mineral complex | 15 | 1.5 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
Vitamin compound and mineral complex are with embodiment 1.
2.2 preparation method: with embodiment 1.
3, using method:
Calf 0-19 age in days is the transitional period, and the milk replacer of searching for food during calf 20 age in days begins to provide particulate material to 30 ages in days, adopts the mode of free choice feeding to give particulate material, to the amount percentage of liveweight of the particulate material of searching for food 0.5% the time, keep constant in fattening end.
At whole fattening period, milk replacer and the particulate material total solids scale of feeding that keep calf every day are the 1.0%-1.3% of body weight.Sooner or later twice milk replacer of calf of feeding every day all put into charging basket with particulate material and searched for food by calf noon.
Embodiment 4: the particulate material of producing Calf-Meat
1, calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation forms and the preparation method
1) forms: complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 25kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 45kg, corn 130kg.
2) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation method:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, peanut protein powder, the 45kg gluten powder of adding and 30kg, after mixing, for subsequent use;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining gluten powder 55kg mixes, for subsequent use;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, and get final product.
2, produce composition and the preparation method of the particulate material of Calf-Meat
2.1 form: see Table 4
Table 4: the composition of particulate material
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Corn | 633.2 | 63.32 |
| Wheat bran | 30 | 3 |
| Whey powder | 100 | 10 |
| Gluten powder | 80 | 8 |
| Peanut protein powder | 110 | 11 |
| Lysine | 0.9 | 0.09 |
| Methionine | 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Threonine | 1 | 0.1 |
| Tryptophan | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 9 | 0.9 |
| The vitamin compound | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Mineral complex | 35 | 3.5 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
Vitamin compound and mineral complex are with embodiment 1.
2.2 preparation method: with embodiment 1.
3, using method:
Calf 0-19 age in days is the transitional period, and the milk replacer of searching for food during calf 20 age in days begins to provide particulate material to 30 ages in days, adopts the mode of free choice feeding to give particulate material, to the particulate material dry of searching for food weigh sb. 0.5% the time, keep constant.
At whole fattening period, milk replacer and the particulate material total solids scale of feeding that keep calf every day are the 1.0%-1.3% of body weight.In the milk replacer of feeding, quantitative particulate material is positioned in another charging basket, by the calf free choice feeding.
Experimental example 1: feeding effect test
1, experimental animal
Select birth 1-3 days, average birth to focus on 40 of the Health China holstein male calf oxen of 40 ± 5kg.
2, test grouping
Calf 0-14 age in days is the transitional period, all calves same milk replacer of all searching for food during 15 age in days, and all calves are fed milk replacer until 180 ages in days.C to H begins progressively to increase the product particle material of the present invention and reduce simultaneously the consumption of milk replacer of feeding when organizing calf 35 age in days, the adding proportion of milk replacer and particulate material is transitioned into 6:4 during to 70 age in days, keeps this ratio until 180 age in days off-tests.The dry scale of feeding of all calves every days is all 1.25% of body weight.40 calves are divided into 8 groups at random, 5 every group, wherein:
A group: the milk replacer I take soy meal as plant protein material of feeding (produce according to the CN02128844.5 raw material, be mainly used in 0-2 monthly age calf, production and application 10 years on China market is obtained the production of fodder business licence);
B group: the milk replacer II take FSPC and whole soya-bean powder as plant protein material of feeding and adopting that CN200710097789.7 produces;
C group: the particulate material that the milk replacer I of feeding and embodiment 1 provide, but revised microorganism formulation wherein, substitute with the microorganism formulation of explaining in the diligent document of symbol fortune that (the various combination probio is on the impact of 0-8 calf growth performance in age in week and Biochemical Indices In Serum, Animal nutrition journal 2012,24 (4): 753-761);
D group: the particulate material that the milk replacer I of feeding and embodiment 1 provide, but revised enzyme preparation wherein, substitute (the impact that the interpolation complex enzyme ferments on Corn-soybean-green hay type substrate Short-time static artificial rumen with the complex enzyme formulation of explaining in the gorgeous document of state's spring, the Animal nutrition journal, 2009,21 (2): 251-257);
E group: the particulate material that the milk replacer I of feeding and embodiment 1 provide;
F group: the particulate material that the milk replacer I of feeding and embodiment 2 provide;
G group: the particulate material that the milk replacer I of feeding and embodiment 3 provide;
H group: the particulate material that the milk replacer I of feeding and embodiment 4 provide.
From 50 ages in days, feed a little quantitative sheep's hay (two monthly ages: 50g/d, three monthly ages: 150g/d, age in April: 300g/d, age in May: 450g/d, age in June: 600g/d) to all calves.Ration ingredient sees Table 5 in detail.
Table 5: milk replacer, particulate material and sheep's hay trophic level (dry matter basis) %
Raise full phase guarantee calf and shine the sun, grooming ox body is 1-2 time weekly, in time cleans colony house; Carry out once sterilizing every first quarter moon, and use by turns 2-3 kind disinfectant.The environment and the ox body that guarantee calf house are clean, sanitary, strengthen the control to calf house ventilation, temperature and humidity.
3, testing index and method
3.1 growth performance
Before 15,180 ages in days are raised morning every calf being carried out empty stomach weighs; Every day entry scale of feeding and surplus material amount.All oxen of every day entry are full phase diarrhoea situation (a diarrhoea number and fate) only, and Calves Feces is marked.
Calculate every ox feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion rate (F/G), diarrhea frequency.
Diarrhea frequency (%)=Σ (diarrhoea a number * diarrhoea fate)/(test a number * just trying phase fate) * 100 wherein.
Calculate the feed cost of feeding period, carry out economic efficiency contrast.The price of each feed product wherein: 20 yuan/kg of milk replacer, 7 yuan/kg of particulate material, 1 yuan/kg of sheep's hay calculates.
3.2 Slaughter testing index and method
Fattening trial is butchered after finishing.Kill fasting in front 12 hours, 8 hours taboo water, weighing Slaughter weight.
Every ox is carried out the jugular vein bloodletting, decaptitate, hoof, internal organ, peeling, split half, weigh up carcass weight after the flushing, heavy to the pick a bone whole meat of rear weighing heavy (comprise kidney and around fat) and bone of trunk.And calculate following index:
Empty body weight=Slaughter weight-gastrointestinal content weight;
The weight of fat, internal organ (keeping kidney and fatty on every side) around carcass weight=Slaughter weight-head, hoof, skin, tail, reproductive organs reach;
Dressing percentage=(carcass weight/Slaughter weight) * 100%;
Fat weight around meat weight=carcass weight-bone weight-kidney reaches;
Neat percentage=(meat weight/Slaughter weight) * 100%;
Trunk neat percentage=(meat weight/carcass weight) * 100%.
3.3 meat quality index and assay method
Yellowish pink: what yellowish pink mensuration adopted is CLE L*a*b* method.Measure L* (brightness), a* (red degree), the b* (yellow degree) that has just butchered the green meat sample (longissimus dorsi muscle and left side gluteus) of getting with color difference meter TCP2, for same meat sample, parallel determination 3 times is got its mean value as the color value of this cube meat.
Shearing force: shearing force is measured and is adopted C-LM3B type digital display muscle tenderness instrument.Get and just butchered green meat sample (longissimus dorsi muscle and left side gluteus) 250 ± 5g, vacuum-packed, put into 80 ℃ water-bath, be heated to the meat central temperature and reach 70 ℃, insulation 20min, take out, suck dry moisture, naturally cooling is after putting into refrigerator cold-storage and spending the night, sampler with diameter 1.27cm drills through 5-8 cedductor along the muscle fibre direction, and the edge is perpendicular to muscle fibre direction detection shearing force.The shear force value of gained is average, be the shear force value of this meat sample.
PH value: get and just butchered green meat sample (longissimus dorsi muscle and left side gluteus), from the muscle stage casing muscle is cut, use Testo205 type pH meter, insert the pH meter electrode, make it go deep into reading the pH value more than the muscle 1cm, evenly measure five points, the gained digital average is this meat sample pH value.
Dry: the freeze drying in the LGJ-12 freeze drier of chilled meat sample, fluid loss are total moisture content.Dry %=1-moisture %
Thick protein: adopt Kjeldahls method, use instrument to be the KDY9830 full-automatic azotometer.
Crude fat: adopt the Soxhlet extraction process, use instrument to be FOSS 2055 Soxhlet extraction devices.
3.4 each stomach chamber is cut apart, remove chyme, minute another name fresh weight.
4, data analysis is processed
Test data adopts Excel 2007 to carry out edit, and matched pair technique T-test analyzes in the statistical analysis employing SAS9.1 statistical analysis software.P in the statistical analysis＜0.05 is significant difference, and P 〉=0.05 is that difference is not remarkable, and wherein 0.1＞P 〉=0.05 is for existing variation tendency.
5, result
5.1 the impact on the calf growth performance: see Table 6.
Table 6: add particulate material to the impact of calf growth performance
Annotate: the different lowercase alphabet differentials of colleague's data shoulder mark different significantly (P＜0.05).
As known from Table 6, adopt particulate material and milk replacer associating feeding pattern, numerically E, F, G, H group are better than C, D group, A group, B group for the average daily gain of calf, feed conversion rate during the 35-180 age in days.
Diarrhea rate E, the F of calf, G, H organize close, are less than C group, D group, A group, B group.
The result shows: feed 0-6 monthly age calf and when producing Calf-Meat, calf easily produces the phenomenon that indigestion, diarrhoea situation are serious, be in a bad state of health with milk replacer.Adopt the mode of milk replacer and particulate material associating to feed, alleviated preferably the diarrhoea situation, ensure the calf healthy growth.
5.2 the impact on the calf Slaughter: see Table 7.
Table 7: add particulate material to the impact of 6 monthly age calf Slaughters
Table 7 result shows: under eight kinds of modes of feeding 6 the monthly age calf every Carcass Indexes such as dressing percentage, neat percentage all without significant difference (P〉0.05), but numerically E, F, G, H group are organized a little more than A, B.
The result shows: adopt milk replacer+particulate material mode calf of feeding, its meat production with only feed with liquid feed-milk replacer basically identical.
5.3: relatively yellowish pink: as to see Table 8,9.
Table 8:6 monthly age Calf-Meat is relatively yellowish pink
Table 9:6 monthly age Calf-Meat quality
Show in table 8 and the table 9:
Under eight kinds of modes of feeding 6 the monthly age calf the meat index all without significant difference (P〉0.05).But on this index of the closely-related yellowish pink of veal, the trend of performance is that be shallower than A, the B of E, F, G, H group organizes.
The result shows: adopt the particulate material of the present invention collocation milk replacer calf of feeding, its meat is fed down with existing conventional milk replacer, and the yellowish pink of Calf-Meat meets product requirement more.
5.4: the calf complex stomach is grown relatively: see Table 10.
Table 10: add the impact that particulate material is grown the calf complex stomach
Table 10 result shows: 6 monthly age calf cuds, reticulum, omasum under eight kinds of modes of feeding, there were significant differences for abomasum, and wherein E, F, G, H group all are higher than A, B group (P＜0.05), and organize a little more than C, D.On the ratio of each stomach chamber duty body weight, also exist similar rule.
The result shows: adopt milk replacer+particulate material mode calf of feeding, the growth of its cud, reticulum, omasum, abomasum has had obvious growth.
And the complex microorganism enzyme preparation that adopts among the present invention also has certain facilitation for the growth of stomach chamber.Calf stomach chamber physically well develops, and then the digestion of feed in complex stomach also can improve, and promotes body digestic property and health status.
5.5: economic benefits comparison: see Table 11.
Table 11: add the economic benefits comparison that 0-6 monthly age Calf-Meat is produced under the particulate material
To select two groups of feed cost economic benefits comparisons that carry out of A, E in the table 11.When calculating plant's feeding cost, particulate material, milk replacer and sheep's hay are all adopted the market price.Though particulate material and the milk replacer of different prescriptions are produced in this test, will be according to original price when putting on market.Therefore only contrasting two groups of A, E during Comparative economic benefit gets final product.The E group uses particulate material of the present invention to substitute the part milk replacer, and the feed cost of every calf is 4202.5 yuan after feeding 180 days, and the contrast group reduces by 645 yuan, has reduced by 13.3%.
Milk replacer+particulate material mode calf of feeding is adopted in this explanation, can reduce the economic input that high-grade Calf-Meat is produced, and has preferably actual application value.
6, conclusion
High-grade veal only uses liquid feed (milk or the milk replacer) calf of feeding in producing, and easily produces the phenomenon of ill-health, has increased the input of medicine in the breeding process, can affect simultaneously the quality of beef.
Particulate material provided by the invention can be fed with special-purpose milk replacer collocation, with only adopt the milk replacer mode of feeding and compare, can promote that complex stomach grows, a situation arises effectively to reduce calf diarrhea, reduce the muscle color, reduce the feed input cost, daily gain, feed conversion rate, the Slaughter of the calf effect of numerically feeding a little more than liquid feed is conducive to high-grade vituline production simultaneously.
Although, above used general explanation, the specific embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. particulate material that contains the complex microorganism enzyme preparation of producing Calf-Meat, the one-tenth by following percentage by weight in the described particulate material is grouped into: corn 40%-70%, wheat bran 3%-15%, whey powder 1%-10%, peanut protein powder 5%-20%, gluten powder 2%-20%, lysine 0.02%-2%, methionine 0.02%-2%, threonine 0.02%-2%, tryptophan 0.01%-0.5%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.55%-5.5%, vitamin compound 0.01%-0.2%, mineral complex 1.01%-5%;
Described complex microorganism enzyme preparation is comprised of active component and carrier, its active component is comprised of complex microorganism 25-75 part and complex enzyme 15-45 part, wherein complex microorganism is comprised of bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum, and its weight ratio is 5-15:5-15:10-30:5-15; Described complex enzyme is comprised of cellulase and zytase, and the weight ratio of the two is 10-35:1-10; Described carrier is one or more in wheat bran, rice bran, corn protein powder, gluten powder or the peanut protein powder, and its weight portion is 60-180 part;
Described vitamin compound is that the vitamin by following weight portion is made into: vitamin A 5%-9%, VD1 %-2.5%, vitamin E 5%-25%, vitamin K 0.1%-1.8%, cobalamin .1%-4.0%, vitamin B2 2.0%-4.8%, vitamin B6 2.1%-4.0%, cobalamin 0.1%-1.9%, nicotinic acid 10%-24%, calcium pantothenate 5.2%-7.5%, biotin 0.002%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.66%-3.3%, carrier 20%-45%;
Described mineral complex is grouped into by the one-tenth of following percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.01%-0.05%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.2%-1.0%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.3%-1.2%, cobalt chloride 0.05%-0.3%, KI 0.1%-0.7%, sodium selenite 0.05%-0.4%, epsom salt 1.0%-5.0%, calcium carbonate 30%-50%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10%-25%, salt 3%-10%, carrier 6.35%-55.29%.
2. particulate material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the one-tenth by following percentage by weight in the described particulate material is grouped into: corn 49%-65%, wheat bran 3%-15%, whey powder 2%-10%, gluten powder 7%-15%, peanut protein powder 5%-14%, lysine 0.09%-1.3%, methionine 0.05%-1%, threonine 0.1%-1.1%, tryptophan 0.02%-0.3%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.9%-4.5%, vitamin compound 0.02%-0.1%, mineral complex 1.5%-4.5%.
3. particulate material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the one-tenth by following percentage by weight in the described particulate material is grouped into: corn 59.6%, wheat bran 8%, whey powder 5%, gluten powder 7%, peanut protein powder 14%, lysine 0.7%, methionine 0.3%, threonine 0.5%, tryptophan 0.05%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 2.1%, vitamin compound 0.05%, mineral complex 2.7%.
4. each described particulate material is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, and the active component in the described complex microorganism enzyme preparation contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 33-67 part and complex enzyme 20-40 part.
5. particulate material according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the active component in the described complex microorganism enzyme preparation contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 40-60 part and complex enzyme 24-36 part.
6. each described particulate material is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, and the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum is 10:10:20:10 in the described complex microorganism.
7. each described particulate material is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, and the weight ratio of described complex enzyme cellulase and zytase is 25:5.
8. each described particulate material is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, and the weight portion of the carrier in the described complex microorganism enzyme preparation is 80-160 part.
9. each described particulate material according to claim 8 is characterized in that the weight portion of the carrier in the described complex microorganism enzyme preparation is 96-144 part.
10. the particulate material of stating according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the weight portion of the carrier in the described complex microorganism enzyme preparation is 120 parts.
11. particulate material according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in the described complex microorganism enzyme preparation is corn protein powder.
12. each described particulate material is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, described vitamin compound is made into by the vitamin of following weight portion: vitamin A 7%; Calciferol %; Vitamin e1 8%; Vitamin K1 .5%; Vitamin B1 3.0%; Vitamin B2 4.5%; Vitamin B6 3.0%; Cobalamin 1.5%; Nicotinic acid 18%; Calcium pantothenate 6.0%; Biotin 0.02%; Antioxidant 1.65%, carrier 33.83%.
13. each described particulate material according to claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described mineral complex is grouped into by the one-tenth of following percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.03%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.5%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.7%, cobalt chloride 0.1%, KI 0.3%, sodium selenite 0.1%, epsom salt 2.5%, calcium carbonate 45%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 20%, salt 7%, carrier 23.77%.
14. each described particulate material is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, described carrier is wheat bran, rice bran, corn protein powder, gluten powder, peanut protein powder or corn protein powder.
15. particulate material according to claim 14 is characterized in that, described carrier is corn protein powder.
16. the application of each described particulate material of claim 1-15 in the feed of preparation production Calf-Meat.
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| CN 201210365866 Active CN102894217B (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2012-09-27 | Granular material for producing bob veal |
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| CN103549129B (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-02-04 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Enzyme and bacterium complexing agent for degrading crop straws |
| CN104489278A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-08 | 贵州大学 | Extremely-low milk protein milk replacer for calves under over-early weaning and preparation method of extremely-low milk protein milk replacer |
| CN104970257A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-14 | 何贵明 | Antibiotic-free beef cattle growing and fattening premix and feed |
| CN106578394A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-04-26 | 湖南赛福资源饲料科技有限公司 | Feed additive, antibiotic-free laying chick mixed feed, and preparation method of mixed feed |
| CN108669321A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-19 | 赤峰中正饲料有限公司 | A kind of calf finishing concentrate supplement material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112273544A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-29 | 牛盟盟生物科技(苏州)有限公司 | Feed capable of improving quality of raw cow hide and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1244287C (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2006-03-08 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Baby mael for baby beef and lamb |
| CN1224330C (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-10-26 | 陕西省科学院酶工程研究所 | Feed additive containing microbe and biological enzyme |
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