CN102894220B - Composite microbial enzymic preparation for calves from 0-6 months of age and milk replacer thereof - Google Patents
Composite microbial enzymic preparation for calves from 0-6 months of age and milk replacer thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite microbial enzymic preparation for calves from 0-6 months of age and a milk replacer thereof. An active ingredient of the composite microbial enzymic preparation comprises, by weight, 25-75 parts of composite microorganism and 15-45 parts of composite enzyme. Tests show that high-quality veal can be prepared after the valves from 0-6 months of age are fed by the milk replacer. Under the premise that meat productivity is not influenced, disease incident of the calves can be reduced, diarrhea is reduced, and health conditions of the calves are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the calf field of fodder, be specifically related to the complex microorganism enzyme preparation that a kind of 0-6 monthly age calf uses and contain its milk replacer.
Background technology
1, the present situation of veal production
Veal refers to feed 5 ~ 6 months with full milk, skimmed milk or milk replacer fully after the calf birth, deliver body weight for sale and reach the 150-180 kilogram, through special butcher, cut apart, acid discharge and the beef produced.
Soft, the delicious flavour of veal meat, yellowish pink is with lightpink entirely in vain or slightly, is of high nutritive value, and the general beef of ratio of crude protein is high by 63%, and fat is low by 95%, is rich in necessary each seed amino acid of human body and vitamin, is a kind of high-grade health food.Its nutritive value is higher than common beef far away, and is low because of its fat content, meat is fine and smooth, is more suitable for designed for old people.Simultaneously, be different from the ox that grows up vituline cutting apart, and the requirement of self is arranged, and high-grade position meets western-style restaurant's standard, is the first-selection that western-style food is made.
Vituline development is along with the flourish of dairy and dairy industry grows up, and the country that the milk industry is flourishing is all very flourishing as the veal industry of France, Italy, Holland, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand etc. in the world.European Union is the cradle that veal is produced, and also is present topmost production and consumption zone simultaneously.Traditional veal producing country mainly is France (annual 1600000), Holland (annual 1300000) and Italy (annual 870000).At present, France is country of consumption maximum in the European Union, and Italy is maximum importer, and Holland is maximum exported country.The number of animals raised of U.S.'s young white ox in 1994 just reaches 8,000,000.In several years of Canada's past, the veal industry has also obtained flourish.
In recent years, along with the raising of living standards of the people, the beef consumption figure of China increases year by year.Chinese sirloin import volume in 2009 is increased to 1.04 ten thousand tons by 0.73 ten thousand ton of last year, increases by 1.4 times.The vituline overall manufacturing level of China is lower.The vituline consumption of China at present mainly concentrates on metropolitan high-grade hotel, hotels such as Beijing, Shanghai.Compare with external import veal, though domestic vituline price is low, because product is very different, quality can't guarantee that therefore, the required veal in high-grade hotel relies on the high price import mostly, and Pekinese's degree of self-sufficiency is less than 10% also.On supplying with, veal also has very big breach.
In vituline calf, the milk bull calf is a very important part.China's milk cow amount of livestock on hand has reached 1,400 ten thousand, and the annual milk bull calf ox that produces is more than 5,000,000.These calf major parts are butchered making serum in several days after birth, after perhaps feeding, make common beef and use.Therefore, utilize milk bull calf Niu Yufei to produce veal, can not only utilize milk bull calf Niu Ziyuan well, for the raiser increases income, can also increase the supply of beef simultaneously, particularly increase the supply of top grade beef.
2, the problem that exists for the production of vituline calf milk substitute
In the domestic ongoing calf meat pilot production, use the feed test of calf of full milk or milk replacer to show: the calf of the full milk of feeding, its production performance is higher than the calf of the milk replacer of feeding.Yet it is historical high-order that current China fresh milk resource anxiety, fresh milk price are in, and uses the fresh milk calf of feeding to produce veal limitation is all being arranged aspect the economic and social benefit two.And produce in the production of high-grade calf meat with the milk replacer calf of feeding, there is the problem of animal health and culture benefit, how by adjusting rationally the feed calf meat of calf and the high-grade quality of output of milk replacer prescription and production method, become the emphasis of research.
The used milk replacer of external production veal is newborn source property milk replacer, and its protein multi-source is in lactoprotein.China is because dairy products output wretched insufficiency, can there is a serious shortage in the supply for the dairy product amount of milk replacer production usefulness, and therefore, to produce the milk replacer great majority in China and will consider the use vegetable protein.In the bibliographical information, the plant protein material in the milk replacer uses soybean protein mostly, as FSPC, soy meal, expanded soybean etc.But have ANFs in the soybean, the calf intestines and stomach are grown and are very easily produced allergic reaction under the prematurity still, indigestion, diarrhoea etc. occur and influence growing of calf.And in recent years, big beans feedstuff price such as dregs of beans rises steadily, and has also influenced the economic benefit of China's aquaculture.Therefore, reduce the use of big bean material, additives such as employing probiotic improve intestines and stomach health also becomes one of focus of people's concern.
The research of domestic 0-6 monthly age calf milk substitute and production utilize later with respect to developed country, and are rarely used in the milk bull calf ox production high-quality veal of feeding.
CN02128844.5 discloses a kind of calf lamb powered milk substitute, formed by following components by weight proportion: whole bean milk powder 60.48%, whole soya-bean powder 65.48%, milk powder 5.00%, whey powder, 10.00%, gelatinized starch 14.00%, vitamin premix 0.02%, microelement pre-mix material 0.10%, calcium carbonate 2.40%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.00%, sodium chloride 0.30%, cud promoter 0.10%, rumen microorganism conditioning agent 0.10%, lysine 3.50%, methionine 1.00%, tryptophan 0.50%, threonine 1.50%.
CN200710097789.7 discloses milk replacer for calf period, be divided into calves in earlier stage milk replacer and late calves milk replacer, the preparation of calves in earlier stage milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 5-20 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-50 part, whey powder 10-40 part, lactose 3-10 part, water-soluble fatty 2-10 part, mineral complex 3-10 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.2-1 part, lysine 0.2-1 part.The preparation of late calves milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 1-10 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-40 part, whey powder 10-30 part, lactose 1-5 part, water-soluble fatty 1-5 part, mineral complex 1-5 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.1-1 part, lysine 0.1-1 part.
(the various combination probio is to the influence of 0-8 calf growth performance in age in week and serum biochemistry index for Fu Yunqin etc., the Animal nutrition journal, 2012,24(4): 753-761) compound bacteria that discloses basal feed+bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum (each bacterium bacterium ratio of counting is 1:1:1) has improved the body body index in 8 ages in week of calf.
Gorgeous grade of state's spring (is added complex enzyme to the influence of the static artificial lumen fermentation of corn-dregs of beans-green hay type substrate short-term, the Animal nutrition journal, 2009,21(2): 251-257) disclose the extracorporeal culture-ing that adopts the static artificial lumen fermentation of short-term, studied 8 kinds of complex enzymes to the influence of the static lumen fermentation of corn-dregs of beans-green hay type substrate short-term, the best complex enzyme is that cellulase, zytase, acid protease, neutral proteinase, pectase and powdered rice hulls are prepared according to 20:5:5:2:2:66.But this complex enzyme is not used in the calf milk substitute for calf fine fodder (solid feed).Need brew with warm water when milk replacer is fed, therefore all raw materials and the additive that adds all be required water-soluble, good stability.
Do not see the complex enzyme formulation that is exclusively used in the milk replacer as yet in the document at present.Do not have the described complex microorganism of being formed by bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum yet and share report in calf milk substitute by the complex enzyme that cellulase and zytase are formed.
Summary of the invention
At producing the problem that actual and existing patented technology exists, with the reasonable effective raw material of use of brand-new thinking and method, the milk replacer that the makes 0-6 monthly age calf that is more suitable for feeding.
The complex microorganism enzyme preparation that 0-6 monthly age calf provided by the invention is used is made up of active component and soluble carrier, and its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 25-75 part and complex enzyme 15-45 part.
Concrete, the complex microorganism enzyme preparation of described 0-6 monthly age calf, its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 33-67 part and complex enzyme 20-40 part.
Preferably, the complex microorganism enzyme preparation of described 0-6 monthly age calf, its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: complex microorganism 40-60 part and complex enzyme 24-36 part.
Further preferred, the complex microorganism enzyme preparation of described 0-6 monthly age calf, its active component contains the composition of following weight portion: 30 parts of 50 parts of complex microorganisms and complex enzymes.
In the above-mentioned complex microorganism enzyme preparation:
Described complex microorganism is made up of bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum, and its weight ratio is 5-15:5-15:10-30:5-15, and preferred weight ratio is 10:10:20:10, and its gross activity is 10
10CFU/g;
Described complex enzyme is made up of cellulase and zytase, and the weight ratio of the two is 10-35:1-10, and preferably the weight ratio of the two is 25:5, described cellulase, and its enzyme work is at 2.2 ten thousand-200,000 U/g; Described zytase, its enzyme work is at 9.5 ten thousand-240,000 U/g;
Its soluble carrier is one or more of gluten powder, maltodextrin or peanut protein powder, and its weight portion is 60-180 part, is preferably 80-160 part, and more preferably 96-144 part further is preferably 120 parts.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned complex microorganism enzyme preparation:
1) take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the soluble carrier of adding and complex microorganism equivalent, after mixing, standby;
2) take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining soluble carrier is mixed, standby;
3) with step 1) and step 2) mixture that obtains mixes, namely.
The present invention also provides the milk replacer that contains the complex microorganism enzyme preparation that above-mentioned 0-6 month calf uses, and contains following component in percentage by weight: gluten powder 5%-20%, peanut protein powder 5%-35%, high protein whey powder 15%-30%, maltodextrin 2%-15%, fatty powder 20%-30%, glucose 1%-6%, lysine 0.2%-2%, methionine 0.2%-2%, threonine 0.2%-2%, tryptophan 0.01%-0.5%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.55%-5.5%, vitamin compound 0.01%-0.2%, mineral complex 1%-5%.
Preferably, described milk replacer contains following component in percentage by weight: gluten powder 6%-20%, peanut protein powder 5%-32%, high protein whey powder 15%-30%, maltodextrin 5.6%-13%, fatty powder 20%-28%, glucose 1%-5%, lysine 0.7%-1.5%, methionine 0.3%-1.2%, threonine 0.5%-1.2%, tryptophan 0.05%-0.5%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.5%-5.5%, vitamin compound 0.04%-0.2%, mineral complex 2%-5%.
Further preferred, described milk replacer contains following component in percentage by weight: gluten powder 10%, peanut protein powder 25%, high protein whey powder 25%, maltodextrin 5.6%, fatty powder 25%, glucose 3%, lysine 0.7%, methionine 0.3%, threonine 0.5%, tryptophan 0.05%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 2.1%, vitamin compound 0.05%, mineral complex 2.7%.
In the above-mentioned milk replacer;
Described vitamin compound is that the vitamin by following weight portion is made into: vitamin A 5%-9%, vitamin D 1%-2.5%, vitamin E 5%-25%, vitamin K 0.1%-1.8%, cobalamin .1%-4.0%, vitamin B2 2.0%-4.8%, vitamin B6 2.1%-4.0%, cobalamin 0.1%-1.9%, nicotinic acid 10%-24%, calcium pantothenate 5.2%-7.5%, biotin 0.002%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.66%-3.3%, soluble carrier 20%-45%.
Preferably, described vitamin compound is made into by the vitamin of following weight portion: vitamin A 7%; Vitamin D 2%; Vitamin E 18%; Vitamin K 1.5%; Orotic acid .0%; Vitamin B2 4.5%; Vitamin B6 3.0%; Cobalamin 1.5%; Nicotinic acid 18%; Calcium pantothenate 6.0%; Biotin 0.02%; Antioxidant 1.65%, soluble carrier 33.83%.
Described antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
Described mineral complex is made up of following component in percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.01%-0.05%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.2%-1.0%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.3%-1.2%, cobalt chloride 0.05%-0.3%, KI 0.1%-0.7%, sodium selenite 0.05%-0.4%, epsom salt 1.0%-5.0%, calcium carbonate 30%-50%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10%-25%, salt 3%-10%, soluble carrier 10%-50%.
Preferably, described mineral complex is made up of following component in percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.03%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.5%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.7%, cobalt chloride 0.1%, KI 0.3%, sodium selenite 0.1%, epsom salt 2.5%, calcium carbonate 45%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 20%, salt 7%, soluble carrier 23.77%.
Soluble carrier is one or more in gluten powder, maltodextrin or the peanut protein powder in described vitamin compound and the mineral complex.
The present invention also provides above-mentioned milk replacer in the application of feeding 0-6 monthly age calf.
Described application refers to feed for the production of the vituline 0-6 of top grade monthly age calf.
After the calf birth, 0-7 age in days feed colostrum and sweet milk, 7 ages in days begin to carry out the transition to gradually milk replacer and feed and (reduce by 0.7 kilogram of sweet milk every day, increase by 0.7 kilogram of milk replacer liquid gradually, milk replacer dashes with the ratio of 1:7 and converts), 14 ages in days rise and all are converted to milk replacer and feed, and the amount of dry matter of the milk replacer of feeding every day calculates by the 1.0%-1.3% of calf body weight, adjusts ampoule weekly.
The complex microorganism enzyme preparation that 0-6 provided by the invention month calf is used and contain its milk replacer and have the following advantages:
1, in the milk replacer complex microorganism enzyme preparation provided by the invention:
Employing is formed by bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, the Lactobacillus plantarum complex microorganism of forming and the complex enzyme proportioning of being made up of cellulase and zytase.
By Fu Yunqin etc. the complex microorganism that adopts bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum to form is disclosed in the prior art, the gorgeous complex enzyme that waits employing cellulase, zytase, acid protease, neutral proteinase, pectase proportioning of state's spring.
The present invention compared with prior art, the complex microorganism of employing adopts four kinds of probios, has increased saccharomycete especially, consumes oxygen more fast, and produces acid and be conducive to the digestion of nutriment, reducing diarrhoea takes place, and improves calf daily gain and feed conversion rate.
Final complex microorganism provided by the invention, its gross activity are 10
10CFU/g, and determine its suitable proportion, improve calf alimentary canal microorganism and form, improve health status;
Complex enzyme has adopted two kinds, its advantage is to be exclusively used in the feed calf milk substitute of mode of liquid, and protein is mainly derived from gluten powder and peanut protein powder in the milk replacer provided by the invention simultaneously, and its protein digestibility is higher, the calf stress reaction is lower, can reduce the interpolation of protease.Simultaneously higher at plant-derived feed ratio in the product, particularly the higher characteristics of wheat goods consumption have been added the fiber degradation complex enzyme, improve calf to the digestibility of plant feed, reduce trophism diarrhea and take place.
2, in the milk replacer provided by the invention:
Prior art discloses a kind of calf lamb powered milk substitute in 02128844.5, formed by following components by weight proportion: whole bean milk powder 60.48%, whole soya-bean powder 65.48%, milk powder 5.00%, whey powder, 10.00%, gelatinized starch 14.00%, vitamin premix 0.02%, microelement pre-mix material 0.10%, calcium carbonate 2.40%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.00%, sodium chloride 0.30%, cud promoter 0.10%, rumen microorganism conditioning agent 0.10%, lysine 3.50%, methionine 1.00%, tryptophan 0.50%, threonine 1.50%.
Compare with this document, the present invention has used:
1) gluten powder and peanut protein powder have substituted whole bean milk powder and whole soya-bean powder, milk powder: substitute bean products such as whole bean milk powder in the calf milk substitute and whole soya-bean powder among the present invention with gluten powder, peanut protein powder.The calf too much soybean protein of searching for food, antigenic substances such as the glycinin in the soybean stimulate calf intestines and stomach generation immune response, cause delayed hypersensitivity reaction.Intestinal villus peels off in a large number after the antigen allergy, has reduced and has digested and assimilated area, causes diarrhoea.Avoid or reduce the use of bean product in the calf daily ration, with reduce calf stress, improve the nutrient digestion rate, reduce diarrhea rate.Gluten powder is the byproduct of wheat deep processing, contains abundant feed nutrient, livestock and poultry is had encourage disease-resistant function, very strong food calling power is arranged and open the food effect promoting livestock and poultry to increase growth; Peanut protein powder is complete to have kept the nutritional labeling in the peanut, the soluble protein height, and good water solubility, nutritive value can be comparable with animal protein, the effective rate of utilization height, and easily digested and assimilated, and contain than soybean ANFs still less.Gluten powder is usually used in the feed of fish, cat, birds; Peanut protein powder is usually used in beverage, food and milk powder uses, the report that also has the feed of doing cat to use.But in calf milk substitute, whether can use, how to use, how addition still not have the research report.
2) used maltodextrin to replace gelatinized starch:
Existing patented product instant capacity is relatively poor, and needs are long-time when adding the water mixing stirs, and leaves standstill after the formation emulsion layering or deposited phenomenon namely to occur, has influenced and has fed.Present technique uses maltodextrin to substitute gelatinized starch.Maltodextrin is food additive, can make the milk replacer prevented from caking, and is instant, and brew is good, extends the shelf life, and reduces cost simultaneously.
3) reduced the use of iron additive:
Existing patented technology has been added the ferrous sulfate additive in its microelement pre-mix material.When producing veal, must reduce the content of iron in the feed because requiring yellowish pink more shallow (white or lightpink).In order to reach the healthy growth of calf simultaneously, U.S. NRC proposes to produce the iron content of vituline milk replacer should be at 50mg/kg, and the iron content recommendation of general milk replacer is 120mg/g, and it is redder that this can make veal present color, do not meet the requirement of meat.The present invention namely follows the NRC requirement, does not add iron additives such as ferrous sulfate in milk replacer.
4) adopt the complex microorganism enzyme preparation to substitute in the cub cud promoter in the former patent and the rumen microorganism conditioning agent:
The cud promoter that prior art provides is citric acid, fumaric acid, sodium Diacetate, chromium picolinate, vitamin C, magnesia and yeast albumen powder, major function is to regulate interior environment by reducing intestines and stomach pH value, thereby improve the digestibility of nutriment, this has more significantly effect for birth little calf soon, but for above calf of 3 monthly ages, its lumen fermentation function gradually ripe, enteron aisle digestive juice secretion functional development fully after, effect just weakens to some extent, need improve digestion to nutriment by improving calf autodigestion road system.
The rumen microorganism conditioning agent is that commercially available multiple-effect intestines bacterium is flat in the former patent, and main component is bacillus, and composition is comparatively single.Bacillus is not autochthonous flora in the cud, needs constantly that supplementary feeding can guarantee its quantity from daily ration.
The present invention is directed to above problem, designed the complex microorganism enzyme preparation, substitute single bacillus with complex microorganism (bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum), and be equipped with suitable ratio, increase the bacterial classification interphase interaction, improve the improvement of rumen microflora; Improve plant feed digestibility in the calf intestines and stomach with cellulase and zytase, regulate environment in the calf intestines and stomach from the angle of body autogenous control.Applicable to 0-6 monthly age calf, strengthened the feeding time of milk replacer.
And CN200710097789.7 discloses milk replacer for calf period, be divided into calves in earlier stage milk replacer and late calves milk replacer, the preparation of calves in earlier stage milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 5-20 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-50 part, whey powder 10-40 part, lactose 3-10 part, water-soluble fatty 2-10 part, mineral complex 3-10 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.2-1 part, lysine 0.2-1 part.The preparation of late calves milk replacer is by weight: FSPC 1-10 part, whole soya-bean powder 10-40 part, whey powder 10-30 part, lactose 1-5 part, water-soluble fatty 1-5 part, mineral complex 1-5 part, compound vitamin 0.1-0.5 part, cub digestive aid 0.1-1 part, lysine 0.1-1 part.
Compare with this document, difference of the present invention and advantage are:
1) gluten powder and peanut protein powder have substituted FSPC and whole soya-bean powder:
Substitute bean products such as FSPC in the calf milk substitute and whole soya-bean powder among the present invention with gluten powder, peanut protein powder.The calf too much soybean protein of searching for food, antigenic substances such as the glycinin in the soybean stimulate calf intestines and stomach generation immune response, cause delayed hypersensitivity reaction.Intestinal villus peels off in a large number after the antigen allergy, has reduced and has digested and assimilated area, causes diarrhoea.Avoid or reduce the use of bean product in the calf daily ration, with reduce calf stress, improve the nutrient digestion rate, reduce diarrhea rate.Gluten powder is the byproduct of wheat deep processing, contains abundant feed nutrient, livestock and poultry is had encourage disease-resistant function, very strong food calling power is arranged and open the food effect promoting livestock and poultry to increase growth; Peanut protein powder is complete to have kept the nutritional labeling in the peanut, the soluble protein height, and good water solubility, nutritive value can be comparable with animal protein, the effective rate of utilization height, and easily digested and assimilated, and contain than soybean ANFs still less.Gluten powder is usually used in the feed of fish, cat, birds; Peanut protein powder is usually used in beverage, food and milk powder uses, the report that also has the feed of doing cat to use.But in calf milk substitute, whether can use, how to use, how addition still not have the research report.
2) reduced the use of iron additive
Existing patented technology has been added the ferrous sulfate additive in its microelement pre-mix material.When producing veal, must reduce the content of iron in the feed because requiring yellowish pink more shallow (white or lightpink).In order to reach the healthy growth of calf simultaneously, U.S. NRC proposes to produce the iron content of vituline milk replacer should be at 50mg/kg, and the iron content recommendation of general milk replacer is 120mg/kg, and it is redder that this can make veal present color, do not meet the requirement of meat.The present invention namely follows the NRC requirement, does not add iron additives such as ferrous sulfate in milk replacer.
3) the complex microorganism enzyme preparation that adopts complex microorganism and complex enzyme to form has substituted the cub digestive aid, and the cub digestive aid is the compound that lipase, protease, amylase and zytase share.
Enzyme secretion deficiency, especially amylase and protease in calf when birth digestive system.Along with the growth of calf, progressively had the function of protein, fat and starch in the digestion vegetable raw material, its protease and amylase are progressively sound.And enzyme itself also is protein, enter cud with feed after, also can reduce the effect of enzyme because of the fermentation part degraded of rumen microorganism.Milk replacer provided by the invention adopts inoculating microbe to regulate the means of rumen microorganism flora, reaches and mentions rumen microorganism to effective decomposition of feed ingredient.At the higher characteristics of the plant-derived feed ratio of product, add the cellulase that promotes that cellulose decomposes simultaneously.Compound action with microorganism and enzyme preparation reaches the effect that promotes the calf digestive function, is better than single interpolation enzyme preparation.
4) increased methionine, threonine and tryptophan:
Only added lysine in the former patent.Methionine, threonine and tryptophan are essential amino acid too, and suitability for industrialized production.Threonine and tryptophan content in feedstuff is lower, during preparation animal daily ration, needs to consider to replenish threonine and tryptophan, especially for young animals such as calves.Replenish methionine, threonine and tryptophan and can adjust amino acid balance in the feed, promote growth, improve meat, the daily ration of amino acid balance can suitably reduce gross protein value, reduces feed cost.
Adopt the prior art 0-6 monthly age calf of feeding, its yellowish pink is red partially, can not satisfy and produce vituline requirement; And only reducing the content of iron in the prior art, incidence of disease height, the not good phenomenon of the calf state of mind can appear in the milk replacer of the producing 0-6 monthly age calf of feeding.Adopt milk replacer provided by the invention to feed behind the 0-6 monthly age calf, average daily gain reaches more than the 0.7kg/d, and the average daily gain of 6 monthly ages surpasses 1kg/d.The tolly of birth weight 40kg was fattened through 180 days, and weightening finish can obtain about the satisfactory cutability 68kg of color by 140kg.
Show through overtesting that 3, milk replacer provided by the invention is fed behind the 0-6 monthly age calf, can prepare veal of fine quality, and under the prerequisite that does not influence meat production, can reduce the disease incident of calf, reduces diarrhoea, improves calf health status.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Described bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria is available from Beijing China agricultural bioengineering Co., Ltd;
Described bacillus subtilis viable bacteria is available from Beijing China agricultural bioengineering Co., Ltd;
Described saccharomycete is available from Beijing China agricultural bioengineering Co., Ltd;
Described Lactobacillus plantarum is by Institute of Feeds,China Academy of Agriculture Sciences's livestock nutrition and the screening of feed research department and preparation;
Described cellulase, its enzyme work is at 2.2 ten thousand-200,000 U/g; Described zytase, its enzyme work are at 9.5 ten thousand-240,000 U/g, all available from the sharp positive bio tech ltd in Jiangsu;
Other feed addictives and feedstuff all can be bought from feed market and obtain.
The milk replacer of embodiment 1:0-6 monthly age calf
1, composition of calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation and preparation method thereof:
1) forms: gluten powder 120kg, complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 50kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 30kg.
2) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation method:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the gluten powder of adding and 50kg, after mixing, standby;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining gluten powder 70kg mixes, standby;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, namely get the complex microorganism enzyme preparation.
2, composition and the preparation method of the milk replacer of 0-6 monthly age calf
2.1 form:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Gluten powder | 100 | 10 |
| Peanut protein powder | 250 | 25 |
| High protein whey powder | 250 | 25 |
| Maltodextrin | 56 | 5.6 |
| Fatty powder | 250 | 25 |
| Glucose | 30 | 3.0 |
| Lysine | 7 | 0.7 |
| Methionine | 3 | 0.3 |
| Threonine | 5 | 0.5 |
| Tryptophan | 0.5 | 0.05 |
| The complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 21 | 2.1 |
| The vitamin compound | 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Mineral complex | 27 | 2.7 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
1) consisting of of described vitamin compound:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Vitamin A | 7 | 7 |
| Vitamin D | 2 | 2 |
| Vitamin E | 18 | 18 |
| Vitamin K | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Vitamin B1 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Vitamin B2 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Vitamin B6 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Cobalamin | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Nicotinic acid | 18 | 18 |
| Calcium pantothenate | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| The biotin pre-mixing agent | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline) | 1.65 | 1.65 |
| Gluten powder | 33.83 | 33.83 |
| Add up to | 100 | 100 |
Preparation method: with described composition, after mixing according to the equivalent method of progressively increasing, standby.
2) consisting of of described mineral complex:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Cupric sulfate pentahydrate | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Manganese sulfate monohydrate | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Monohydrate zinc sulphate | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Cobalt chloride | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| KI | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Sodium selenite | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Epsom salt | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Salt | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Calcium carbonate | 45 | 45 |
| Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 20 | 20 |
| Gluten powder | 23.77 | 23.77 |
| Add up to | 100 | 100 |
Take by weighing each raw material according to proportioning, standby after mixing.
2.2 preparation method:
Take by weighing each raw material according to proportioning, after mixing, namely get milk replacer.
3, using method:
The substitute mode of milk replacer: after the calf birth, 0-7 age in days feed colostrum and sweet milk; 7 ages in days begin to carry out the transition to milk replacer gradually feeds, and namely reduces by 0.7 kilogram of sweet milk every day, replace with 0.7 kilogram of milk replacer liquid, and calf freely drinks water since 7 ages in days; 14 ages in days play sweet milk and all are converted to milk replacer and feed, and the amount of the milk replacer of feeding is calculated by 1.25% of calf body weight, adjusts ampoule weekly.
The method for pouring of milk replacer: at first with water boil, be cooled to 40-50 ℃ then, standby; Certain proportion brews milk replacer then, makes it to become emulsion, feeds to calf when being reduced to 38 ℃-39 ℃ etc. emulsion temperature.
The dilution ratio of milk replacer: the 7-35 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:7 according to weight ratio with milk replacer and warm water; The 36-77 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:6 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and the 78-140 age in days to be being the dilution proportion of 1:5 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and 140 ages in days are above by being the dilution proportion of 1:4 according to weight ratio with milk replacer and warm water.
The feeding time of milk replacer is: three timings every day, feed to calf according to quantity.
The milk replacer of embodiment 2:0-6 monthly age calf
1, the composition of calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation and preparation method:
1) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation is formed: gluten powder 40kg, peanut protein powder 56kg, complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 40kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 24kg.
2) preparation method of calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the gluten powder of adding and 40kg, after mixing, standby;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining peanut protein powder 56kg mixes, standby;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, namely.
2, composition and the preparation method of the milk replacer used of 0-6 monthly age calf
2.1 form:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Gluten powder | 175.4 | 17.54 |
| Peanut protein powder | 150 | 15 |
| High protein whey powder | 150 | 15 |
| Maltodextrin | 130 | 13 |
| Fatty powder | 250 | 25 |
| Glucose | 50 | 5.0 |
| Lysine | 10 | 1.0 |
| Methionine | 6 | 0.6 |
| Threonine | 8 | 0.8 |
| Tryptophan | 1 | 0.1 |
| The complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 37 | 3.7 |
| The vitamin compound | 0.6 | 0.06 |
| Mineral complex | 32 | 3.2 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
Vitamin compound and mineral complex are with embodiment 1.
2.2 the preparation method is with embodiment 1.
3, using method:
The substitute mode of milk replacer: after the calf birth, 0-20 age in days feed colostrum and sweet milk; 21 ages in days begin to carry out the transition to milk replacer gradually feeds, and namely reduces by 0.7 kilogram of sweet milk every day, replaces with 0.7 kilogram of milk replacer liquid, and the amount of the milk replacer of feeding every day is calculated by 1.3% of calf body weight, adjusts ampoule weekly.
Calf freely drinks water since 7 ages in days.
The mode that brews of milk replacer: at first with water boil, be cooled to 40-50 ℃ then, standby; Certain proportion brews milk replacer then, makes it to become emulsion, feeds to calf when being reduced to 38 ℃-39 ℃ etc. emulsion temperature.
The dilution ratio of milk replacer: the 21-35 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:7 according to weight ratio with milk replacer and warm water; The 36-77 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:6 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and the 78-140 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:5 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and the above milk replacer of 140 ages in days and warm water are the dilution proportion of 1:4 according to weight ratio.
The feeding time of milk replacer is: three timings every day, feed to calf according to quantity.
The milk replacer of embodiment 3:0-6 monthly age calf
1, the composition of calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation and preparation method:
1) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation is formed: peanut protein powder 125kg, complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 40kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 35kg.
2) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation method:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the peanut protein powder of adding and 60kg, after mixing, standby;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining peanut protein powder 65kg mixes, standby;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, namely.
2, composition and the preparation method of the milk replacer of 0-6 monthly age calf
2.1 form:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Gluten powder | 60 | 6 |
| Peanut protein powder | 320 | 32 |
| High protein whey powder | 180 | 18 |
| Maltodextrin | 79 | 7.9 |
| Fatty powder | 200 | 20 |
| Glucose | 10 | 1 |
| Lysine | 15 | 1.5 |
| Methionine | 12 | 1.2 |
| Threonine | 12 | 1.2 |
| Tryptophan | 5 | 0.5 |
| The complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 55 | 5.5 |
| The vitamin compound | 2 | 0.2 |
| Mineral complex | 50 | 5 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
Vitamin compound and mineral complex are with embodiment 1.
2.2 the preparation method is with embodiment 1.
3, using method:
The alternative of milk replacer: after the calf birth, 0-7 age in days feed colostrum and sweet milk; 8 ages in days begin to carry out the transition to milk replacer gradually feeds, and transition method is with embodiment 1; Sweet milk all is converted to milk replacer and feeds behind 15 ages in days, and the amount of the milk replacer pulvis of feeding every day is calculated by 1.2% of calf body weight, and per two weeks are adjusted ampoules.Calf freely drinks water since 7 ages in days.
The dilution ratio of milk replacer: the 7-28 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:7 according to weight ratio with milk replacer and warm water; The 29-84 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:6 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and the 85-140 age in days to be being the dilution proportion of 1:5 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, behind 140 ages in days by being the dilution proportion of 1:4 according to weight ratio with milk replacer and warm water.
The method for pouring of milk replacer: the hot water of at first boiled abundance is cooled to 40-50 ℃; Certain proportion brews milk replacer then, makes it to become emulsion; Feed to calf when at last, being reduced to 38 ℃-39 ℃ etc. emulsion temperature.
Feeding time: three timings every day, feed to calf according to quantity.
The milk replacer of embodiment 4:0-6 monthly age calf
1, calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation is formed and preparation method thereof
1) forms: peanut protein powder 30kg, gluten powder 30kg, complex microorganism (be 1:1:2:1 preparation according to weight ratio by bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete and Lactobacillus plantarum) 25kg and complex enzyme (be 25:5 form according to weight ratio by cellulase and zytase) 45kg.
2) calf complex microorganism enzyme preparation method:
The preparation of complex microorganism: take by weighing bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum according to proportioning, after mixing, the peanut protein powder of adding and 25kg, after mixing, standby;
The preparation of complex enzyme: take by weighing cellulase, zytase according to proportioning, after remaining 5kg peanut protein powder, 30kg gluten powder mix, standby;
Complex microorganism is mixed with complex enzyme, namely.
3, composition and the preparation method of the milk replacer of 0-6 monthly age calf
1) form:
| Form | Weight (kg) | Percentage by weight (%) |
| Gluten powder | 200 | 20 |
| Peanut protein powder | 50 | 5 |
| High protein whey powder | 300 | 30 |
| Maltodextrin | 89 | 8.9 |
| Fatty powder | 280 | 28 |
| Glucose | 20 | 2 |
| Lysine | 8 | 0.8 |
| Methionine | 12 | 1.2 |
| Threonine | 12 | 1.2 |
| Tryptophan | 0.6 | 0.06 |
| The complex microorganism enzyme preparation | 8 | 0.8 |
| The vitamin compound | 0.4 | 0.04 |
| Mineral complex | 20 | 2 |
| Add up to | 1000 | 100 |
Vitamin compound and mineral complex are with embodiment 1.
2) preparation method is with embodiment 1.
4, using method:
Milk replacer replacement method: after the calf birth, 0-7 age in days feed colostrum and sweet milk, 8 ages in days begin to carry out the transition to milk replacer gradually feeds, and method is with embodiment 1; The feed amount of milk replacer pulvis is calculated by 1.0% of calf body weight every day behind 15 ages in days, and per two weeks are adjusted ampoules.Calf freely drinks water since 7 ages in days.
The method for pouring of milk replacer: the hot water of at first boiled abundance is cooled to 40-50 ℃; Certain proportion brews milk replacer then, makes it to become emulsion; Feed to calf when at last, being reduced to 38 ℃-39 ℃ etc. emulsion temperature.
The ratio of dilution: the 7-28 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:7 according to weight ratio with milk replacer and warm water; The 29-84 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:6 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and the 85-140 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:5 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, is the dilution proportion of 1:4 according to weight ratio by milk replacer and warm water behind 140 ages in days.
Feeding time is: three timings every day, feed to calf according to quantity.
Experimental example 1: milk replacer feeding effect checking
1, experimental animal: select birth 1-3 days, average birth to focus on 40 of healthy Chinese He Sitan milk bull calf oxen about 40kg.
2, test grouping:
Calf 0-14 age in days is the transitional period, all calves milk replacer of all searching for food during 15 ages in days, and enter experimental period.
24 calves are divided into eight groups at random, 5 every group, wherein:
The A group: feeding with the soy meal is the milk replacer (produce according to the CN02128844.5 raw material, be mainly used in 0-2 monthly age calf, produced in China market and used 10 years, obtain the Feed Manufacturing business licence) of plant protein material.
The B group: what the employing CN200710097789.7 that feeds produced is the milk replacer of plant protein material with FSPC and whole soya-bean powder.
C group: the milk replacer of feeding and providing with embodiment 1, but revised microorganism formulation wherein, (the various combination probio is to the influence of 0-8 calf growth performance in age in week and serum biochemistry index with Fu Yunqin etc., the Animal nutrition journal, 2012,24(4): the microorganism formulation of 753-761) explaining in the document substitutes.Change the compound microorganism among the present invention into bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum according to the proportioning of 1:1:1, then according to the consumption in the embodiment of the invention 1.
D group: the milk replacer of feeding and providing with embodiment 1, but revised enzyme preparation wherein, (add complex enzyme to the influence of the static artificial lumen fermentation of corn-dregs of beans-green hay type substrate short-term with gorgeous grade of state's spring, the Animal nutrition journal, 2009,21(2): the complex enzyme formulation of 251-257) explaining in the document substitutes.Keep the proportioning in the embodiment of the invention 1, difference is the fiber degradation complex enzyme is replaced with cellulase, zytase, acid protease, neutral proteinase, pectase, and the weight ratio of five kinds of compositions is the 20:5:5:2:2 proportioning.
E group: the milk replacer of feeding and providing with embodiment 1;
F group: the milk replacer of feeding and providing with embodiment 2;
G group: the milk replacer of feeding and providing with embodiment 3;
H group: the milk replacer of feeding and providing with embodiment 4.
3, feeding and management
Transitional period: tested for first week, the calf sweet milk of searching for food, every day every 4kg, carrying out the transition to milk replacer second week gradually feeds and (reduces the 0.7kg sweet milk every day, and increase 0.7kg milk replacer emulsion every day gradually, milk replacer dashes with the ratio of 1:7 and converts), the 15th age in days formally enters experimental period.
Just try the phase: three timings every day, according to quantity to the calf milk replacer of feeding.The method for pouring of milk replacer emulsion is: the hot water of boiled abundance is cooled to about 50 ℃; In proportion to brewing, make it to become emulsion then, wherein the 7-35 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:7 according to weight ratio with milk replacer and warm water; The 36-77 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:6 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and the 78-140 age in days is the dilution proportion of 1:5 with milk replacer and warm water according to weight ratio, and the above milk replacer of 140 ages in days and warm water are the dilution proportion of 1:4 according to weight ratio.Stir immediately after brewing, feed to calf when the milk replacer emulsion temperature is reduced to 38 ℃-39 ℃.After feeding, in time use clean towel with the emulsion wiped clean of calf mouth at every turn.Milk replacer is all fed with milk churn, feeds later milk churn to be cleaned up and sterilization every day.
Freely drink water since 15 ages in days, when 36 ages in days, begin to feed on a small quantity with a kind of particulate material.Feed a little quantitative sheep's hay (two monthly ages: 50g/d, three monthly ages: 150g/d, age in April: 300g/d, age in May: 450g/d, age in June: 600g/d) to all calves from 50 ages in days.The dry scale of feeding of calf every day is all 1.3% of body weight, adjusts scale of feeding week about one time.Raise full phase guarantee calf and shine the sun, grooming ox body is 1-2 time weekly, in time cleans colony house; Carry out once sterilizing every first quarter moon, and use 2 ~ 3 kinds of disinfectants by turns.The environment and the ox body that guarantee calf house are clean, sanitary, strengthen the control to calf house ventilation, temperature and humidity.
Ration ingredient sees Table 1 in detail.
Table 1: milk replacer, particulate material and sheep's hay trophic level (dry matter basis) %
4, testing index and method
4.1 growth performance
Before raise morning 15 days, 180 ages in days every calf being carried out empty stomach weighs; Record scale of feeding and surplus material amount every day.Record only full phase of all oxen diarrhoea situation (a diarrhoea number and fate) every day, and calf ight soil is marked.
Calculate every ox feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion rate (F/G), diarrhea frequency.Diarrhea frequency (%)=Σ (diarrhoea a number * diarrhoea fate)/(test a number * just trying phase fate) * 100 wherein.
4.2 butcher performance measurement index and method
Fattening trial after finishing is butchered Niu Jinhang.Kill fasting in preceding 12 hours, prohibited water in 8 hours, live-weight before weighing is killed.Every ox is carried out the jugular vein bloodletting, decaptitate, hoof, internal organ, peeling, split half, weigh up carcass weight after the flushing, heavy to the pick a bone whole meat of back weighing heavy (comprise kidney and around fat) and bone of trunk.And calculate following index:
Live-weight-gastrointestinal content weight before empty body weight=government official;
The weight of fat, internal organ (keeping kidney and fatty on every side) around the preceding live-weight of carcass weight=government official-head, hoof, skin, tail, reproductive organs reach;
Dressing percentage=(live-weight before carcass weight/government official) * 100%;
Fat weight around meat weight=carcass weight-bone weight-kidney reaches;
Neat percentage=(live-weight before meat weight/government official) * 100%;
Trunk neat percentage=(meat weight/carcass weight) * 100%.
4.3 meat quality index
Yellowish pink: what yellowish pink mensuration adopted is CLE L*a*b* method.Measure L* (brightness), a* (red degree), the b* (yellow degree) that has just butchered the green meat sample of getting (longissimus dorsi muscle and left side gluteus) with color difference meter TCP2, for same meat sample, parallel determination 3 times is got its mean value as the color value of this cube meat.
Shearing force: shearing force is measured and is adopted C-LM3B type digital display type muscle tender degree device.Get and just butchered green meat sample (longissimus dorsi muscle and left side gluteus) 250 ± 5g, vacuum-packed, put into 80 ℃ water-bath, be heated to the meat central temperature and reach 70 ℃, insulation 20min, take out, suck dry moisture, cooling naturally is after putting into refrigerator cold-storage and spending the night, sampler with diameter 1.27cm drills through 5-8 cedductor along the muscle fibre direction, and the edge is perpendicular to muscle fibre direction detection shearing force.The shear force value of gained is average, be the shear force value of this meat sample.
PH value: get and just butchered green meat sample (longissimus dorsi muscle and left side gluteus), from the muscle stage casing muscle is cut, use Testo205 type pH meter, insert the pH meter electrode, make it go deep into reading the pH value more than the muscle 1cm, evenly measure five points, the gained digital average is this meat sample pH value.
Dry: the freeze drying in the LGJ-12 freeze drier of chilled meat sample, fluid loss are total moisture content.Dry %=1-moisture %.
Thick protein: adopt Kjeldahl, use instrument to be KDY 9830 full-automatic azotometers.
Crude fat: adopt the Soxhlet extraction process, use instrument to be FOSS 2055 Soxhlet extracting instrument.
5, data analysis is handled
Test data adopts Excel 2007 to carry out edit, and ANOVA carries out one-way analysis of variance in the statistical analysis employing SAS9.1 statistical analysis software, and significant difference carries out multiple ratio with the Duncan method.P in the statistical analysis＜0.05 is significant difference, and P 〉=0.05 is that difference is not remarkable, and wherein 0.1＞P 〉=0.05 is for existing variation tendency.
6, result:
6.1 the influence to 0-6 monthly age calf growth performance: to seeing Table 2.
Table 2: eight kinds of milk replacers are to the influence of 0-6 monthly age calf growth performance
Annotate: with the different lowercase alphabet differentials of line data shoulder mark different significantly (P＜0.05).
Table 2 result shows that eight kinds of milk replacers are fed down, and the weightening finish of 0-6 monthly age calf, dry matter intake, feed conversion rate all do not have significant difference (P＞0.05).But the diarrhea frequency of eight groups of calves and stools scored order from high to low is A group〉the B group〉the D group〉the C group〉E, F, G or H group.
Table 2 is the result show: be that the former milk replacer of plant protein material is compared with feeding with the soy meal, under the milk replacer provided by the invention of feeding, the diarrhea frequency of calf significantly reduces; Effect makes moderate progress than using symbol to transport microorganism formulation or the complex enzyme formulation reported in diligent and the gorgeous document of state's spring after using the complex microorganism enzyme preparation among the present invention.6 the monthly age calf daily gain, feed conversion rate all can reach same level, but reduced the calf diarrhea frequency, improved the health status of calf.
6.2 to 6 the monthly age calf butcher Effect on Performance: to seeing Table 3.
Table 3: eight kinds of milk replacers to 6 the monthly age calf butcher Effect on Performance
Annotate: with the different lowercase alphabet differentials of line data shoulder mark different significantly (P＜0.05).
Table 3 result shows: the neat percentage of E, F, H group calf increases than A, B, C, D group; All be higher than A, B, C, D group on E, F, G, H group dressing percentage and the trunk neat percentage numerical value, but difference is not remarkable.
Table 3 presentation of results: the milk replacer provided by the invention of feeding is that the former milk replacer of plant protein material is compared with feeding with the soy meal, 6 the monthly age calf meat yield increase to some extent; The complex microorganism enzyme preparation of using in the milk replacer provided by the invention is higher than the microorganism formulation reported in Fu Yunqin and the gorgeous document of state's spring and the effect of complex enzyme formulation respectively on neat percentage.
5.3 the influence to 6 monthly age calf beef qualities: to seeing Table 4-table 5.
Table 4: eight kinds of milk replacers are to the influence of 6 monthly age calf meat yellowish pinks
Table 5: eight kinds of milk replacers are to the influence of 6 monthly age calf meat matter
Annotate: with the different lowercase alphabet differentials of line data shoulder mark different significantly (P＜0.05).
Table 4 result shows: C, E, the red degree of F, G group calf gluteus are organized a little less than A, B.
Table 5 result shows: the gluteus muscle shearing force of C, E, F, G, H group calf is lower than A, B group (P＜0.05), and its dorsal muscles pH value is lower, the trend that the crude protein content appearance of D, E, F, G, H group gluteus muscle increases.
Table 4 and table 5 result show: milk replacer provided by the invention is that the former milk replacer of plant protein material is compared with feeding with the soy meal, and the tender degree of muscle of the calf meat of producing is better, and protein content increases in the meat.
6, conclusion
The milk replacer of 0-6 monthly age calf provided by the invention, can make the weightening finish of calf and feed conversion rate all reach the feeding effect equal with CN02128844.5, CN200710097789.7 milk replacer, and can significantly reduce the calf diarrhea frequency, improve and butcher neat percentage, improve the tender degree of calf meat and the content of part nutritional labeling.As seen, this product has the health status of improvement, improves the effect of meat production and meat matter, can be used for producing calf meat.
Though, above used general explanation, the specific embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. milk replacer that contains the complex microorganism enzyme preparation that 0-6 monthly age calf is used, it is characterized in that described milk replacer is made up of following component in percentage by weight: gluten powder 5%-20%, peanut protein powder 5%-35%, high protein whey powder 15%-30%, maltodextrin 2%-15%, fatty powder 20%-30%, glucose 1%-6%, lysine 0.2%-2%, methionine 0.2%-2%, threonine 0.2%-2%, tryptophan 0.01%-0.5%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.55%-5.5%, vitamin compound 0.01%-0.2%, mineral complex 1%-5%; The complex microorganism enzyme preparation is made up of active component and soluble carrier, its active component is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight portion: complex microorganism 25-75 part and complex enzyme 15-45 part, described complex microorganism is made up of bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum, its weight ratio is 5-15:5-15:10-30:5-15, and its gross activity is 10
10CFU/g; Described complex enzyme, formed by cellulase and zytase, the weight ratio of the two is 10-35:1-10, and described soluble carrier is one or more in gluten powder, maltodextrin or the peanut protein powder, and the weight portion in the complex microorganism enzyme preparation is 60-180 part; Described mineral complex is made up of following component in percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.01%-0.05%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.2%-1.0%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.3%-1.2%, cobalt chloride 0.05%-0.3%, KI 0.1%-0.7%, sodium selenite 0.05%-0.4%, epsom salt 1.0%-5.0%, calcium carbonate 30%-50%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 10%-25%, salt 3%-10%, soluble carrier 10%-50%.
2. milk replacer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, formed by following component in percentage by weight in the described milk replacer: gluten powder 6%-20%, peanut protein powder 5%-32%, high protein whey powder 15%-30%, maltodextrin 5.6%-13%, fatty powder 20%-28%, glucose 1%-5%, lysine 0.7%-1.5%, methionine 0.3%-1.2%, threonine 0.5%-1.2%, tryptophan 0.05%-0.5%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 0.5%-5.5%, vitamin compound 0.04%-0.2%, mineral complex 2%-5%.
3. milk replacer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, formed by following component in percentage by weight in the described milk replacer: gluten powder 10%, peanut protein powder 25%, high protein whey powder 25%, maltodextrin 5.6%, fatty powder 25%, glucose 3%, lysine 0.7%, methionine 0.3%, threonine 0.5%, tryptophan 0.05%, complex microorganism enzyme preparation 2.1%, vitamin compound 0.05%, mineral complex 2.7%.
4. according to each described milk replacer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the active component of complex microorganism enzyme preparation is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight portion: complex microorganism 33-67 part and complex enzyme 20-40 part.
5. milk replacer according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the active component of complex microorganism enzyme preparation is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight portion: complex microorganism 40-60 part and complex enzyme 24-36 part.
6. milk replacer according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the active component of complex microorganism enzyme preparation contains the composition of following weight portion: 30 parts of 50 parts of complex microorganisms and complex enzymes.
7. according to each described milk replacer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis viable bacteria, bacillus subtilis viable bacteria, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus plantarum is 10:10:20:10 in the described complex microorganism.
8. according to each described milk replacer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the weight ratio of cellulase and zytase is for being 25:5 in the described complex enzyme.
9. according to each described milk replacer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the weight portion of its soluble carrier in the complex microorganism enzyme preparation is 80-160 part.
10. milk replacer according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the weight portion of its soluble carrier in the complex microorganism enzyme preparation is 96-144 part.
11. milk replacer according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the weight portion of its soluble carrier in the complex microorganism enzyme preparation is 120 parts.
12. according to each described milk replacer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described vitamin compound is that the vitamin by following weight portion is made into: vitamin A 5%-9%, VD1 %-2.5%, vitamin E 5%-25%, vitamin K 0.1%-1.8%, cobalamin .1%-4.0%, vitamin B2 2.0%-4.8%, vitamin B6 2.1%-4.0%, cobalamin 0.1%-1.9%, nicotinic acid 10%-24%, calcium pantothenate 5.2%-7.5%, biotin 0.002%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.66%-3.3%, soluble carrier 20%-45%.
13. milk replacer according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described vitamin compound is made into by the vitamin of following weight portion: vitamin A 7%; Calciferol %; Vitamin e1 8%; Vitamin K1 .5%; Orotic acid .0%; Vitamin B2 4.5%; Vitamin B6 3.0%; Cobalamin 1.5%; Nicotinic acid 18%; Calcium pantothenate 6.0%; Biotin 0.02%; Antioxidant 1.65%, soluble carrier 33.83%.
14. according to each described milk replacer of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described mineral complex is made up of following component in percentage by weight: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.03%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.5%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 0.7%, cobalt chloride 0.1%, KI 0.3%, sodium selenite 0.1%, epsom salt 2.5%, calcium carbonate 45%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 20%, salt 7%, soluble carrier 23.77%.
15. each described milk replacer of claim 1-3 is for the production of the application in the feed of the vituline 0-6 of top grade monthly age calf.
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| CN1494832A (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2004-05-12 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | Baby mael for baby beef and lamb |
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Application publication date: 20130130 Assignee: Jingzhun Animal Nutrition Research Centre, Beijing Assignor: Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences| Diao Qiyu Contract record no.: 2013990000829 Denomination of invention: Composite microbial enzymic preparation for calves from 0-6 months of age and milk replacer thereof Granted publication date: 20130828 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20131211 |
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Effective date of registration: 20160923 Address after: 100081 feed building, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Avenue, Beijing, Haidian District, 501, China, Patentee after: Jingzhun Animal Nutrition Research Centre, Beijing Address before: 100081 feed station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Avenue, Beijing, Haidian District, Zhongguancun Patentee before: Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Patentee before: Diao Qiyu |