ATE328053T1 - Kraftstoffadditivpakete für ottokraftstoffe mit verbesserten viskositätseigenschaften und guter ivd performance - Google Patents

Kraftstoffadditivpakete für ottokraftstoffe mit verbesserten viskositätseigenschaften und guter ivd performance

Info

Publication number
ATE328053T1
ATE328053T1 AT01943321T AT01943321T ATE328053T1 AT E328053 T1 ATE328053 T1 AT E328053T1 AT 01943321 T AT01943321 T AT 01943321T AT 01943321 T AT01943321 T AT 01943321T AT E328053 T1 ATE328053 T1 AT E328053T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
good
fuel additive
viscosity properties
additive packages
improved viscosity
Prior art date
Application number
AT01943321T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Schwahn
Dietmar Posselt
Original Assignee
Basf Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Basf Ag filed Critical Basf Ag
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE328053T1 publication Critical patent/ATE328053T1/de

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
AT01943321T 2000-05-05 2001-05-04 Kraftstoffadditivpakete für ottokraftstoffe mit verbesserten viskositätseigenschaften und guter ivd performance ATE328053T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10021936A DE10021936A1 (de) 2000-05-05 2000-05-05 Kraftstoffadditivpakete für Ottokraftstoffe mit verbesserten Viskositätseigenschaften und guter IVD Performance

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE328053T1 true ATE328053T1 (de) 2006-06-15

Family

ID=7640907

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT01943321T ATE328053T1 (de) 2000-05-05 2001-05-04 Kraftstoffadditivpakete für ottokraftstoffe mit verbesserten viskositätseigenschaften und guter ivd performance

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US6840970B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1278814B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5192627B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100727363B1 (de)
AR (1) AR033821A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE328053T1 (de)
AU (2) AU6592501A (de)
BR (1) BR0110543A (de)
CA (1) CA2406762C (de)
CZ (1) CZ20023608A3 (de)
DE (2) DE10021936A1 (de)
EE (1) EE200200624A (de)
HR (1) HRP20020957A2 (de)
HU (1) HUP0301874A2 (de)
IL (1) IL152357A (de)
MX (1) MXPA02010048A (de)
MY (1) MY127143A (de)
NO (1) NO20025285D0 (de)
NZ (1) NZ521875A (de)
PL (1) PL198793B1 (de)
SK (1) SK15502002A3 (de)
WO (1) WO2001085874A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7204863B2 (en) 2001-12-11 2007-04-17 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Gasoline additives for reducing the amount of internal combustion engine intake valve deposits and combustion chamber deposits
DE10209830A1 (de) * 2002-03-06 2003-09-18 Basf Ag Kraftstoffadditivgemische für Ottokraftstoffe mit synergistischer IVD-Performance
DE10256161A1 (de) 2002-12-02 2004-06-09 Basf Ag Verwendung von Aminen und/oder Mannich-Addukten in Kraft- und Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen für direkteinspritzende Ottomotoren
DE10314809A1 (de) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-14 Basf Ag Polyalkenamine mit verbesserten Anwendungseigenschaften
DE10316871A1 (de) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-21 Basf Ag Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP1705234A1 (de) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Verwendung von Detergens-Additiven zur Verhinderung oder Verringerung der Bildung von Ablagerungen in den Einspritzsystemen von direkteinspritzenden Dieselmotoren
US20060277819A1 (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-14 Puri Suresh K Synergistic deposit control additive composition for diesel fuel and process thereof
US20060277820A1 (en) * 2005-06-13 2006-12-14 Puri Suresh K Synergistic deposit control additive composition for gasoline fuel and process thereof
US8222180B2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2012-07-17 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Adsorbent composition for removal of refractory sulphur compounds from refinery streams and process thereof
US8231695B2 (en) * 2006-08-09 2012-07-31 Afton Chemical Corporation Fuel compositions comprising hydrocarbon oil carriers and methods for using the same
US8778034B2 (en) * 2006-09-14 2014-07-15 Afton Chemical Corporation Biodegradable fuel performance additives
US20080168708A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Cunningham Lawrence J Method and compositions for reducing deposits in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels and a corrosion inhibitor
GB201001920D0 (en) * 2010-02-05 2010-03-24 Innospec Ltd Fuel compostions
GB201007756D0 (en) * 2010-05-10 2010-06-23 Innospec Ltd Composition, method and use
KR101241387B1 (ko) * 2010-11-08 2013-03-11 석종호 연료 첨가제 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 연료 조성물
KR101287026B1 (ko) * 2011-01-11 2013-07-17 주식회사 재윤 연료 첨가제 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 연료 조성물
US8641788B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2014-02-04 Igp Energy, Inc. Fuels and fuel additives comprising butanol and pentanol
CN112410131B (zh) * 2020-11-09 2022-04-12 3M中国有限公司 发动机进气阀沉积物清洗组合物及其制备方法，以及清洗发动机进气阀沉积物的方法

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DE3732908A1 (de) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-13 Basf Ag Polyetheramine enthaltende kraftstoffe fuer ottomotoren
DE3826608A1 (de) 1988-08-05 1990-02-08 Basf Ag Polyetheramine oder polyetheraminderivate enthaltende kraftstoffe fuer ottomotoren
DE3838918A1 (de) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Basf Ag Kraftstoffe fuer verbrennungsmaschinen
NZ231731A (en) 1988-12-30 1991-03-26 Mobil Oil Corp Additive for fuels of internal combustion engines comprising a polyalkylene succinimide
US5006130A (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-04-09 Shell Oil Company Gasoline composition for reducing intake valve deposits in port fuel injected engines
AU660608B2 (en) 1990-03-05 1995-07-06 Polar Molecular Corporation Motor fuel additive composition and method for preparation thereof
JPH0488089A (ja) * 1990-07-30 1992-03-19 Tonen Corp ガソリン添加用組成物
US5242469A (en) * 1990-06-07 1993-09-07 Tonen Corporation Gasoline additive composition
US5089028A (en) 1990-08-09 1992-02-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Deposit control additives and fuel compositions containing the same
DE4142241A1 (de) 1991-12-20 1993-06-24 Basf Ag Kraftstoffe fuer ottomotoren
AU668151B2 (en) * 1992-05-06 1996-04-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Composition for control of induction system deposits
SG47751A1 (en) 1992-09-11 1998-04-17 Shell Int Research Gasoline compositions
DE4309074A1 (de) 1993-03-20 1994-09-22 Basf Ag Als Kraftstoffadditiv geeignete Mischungen
GB2279965A (en) 1993-07-12 1995-01-18 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd Additive compositions for control of deposits, exhaust emissions and/or fuel consumption in internal combustion engines
DE4434603A1 (de) * 1994-09-28 1996-04-04 Basf Ag Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung aus Aminen, Kohlenwasserstoffpolymeren und Trägerölen
CA2180498C (en) 1995-07-06 2008-03-25 Richard E. Cherpeck Method and composition for reduction of combustion chamber deposits
WO1998012284A1 (en) 1996-09-23 1998-03-26 Petrokleen, Ltd. Method of synthesizing pure additives and the improved compositions thereby produced

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL152357A (en) 2005-07-25
HUP0301874A2 (hu) 2003-08-28
EP1278814B1 (de) 2006-05-31
US20030140552A1 (en) 2003-07-31
BR0110543A (pt) 2003-04-01
AU6592501A (en) 2001-11-20
CA2406762C (en) 2009-11-03
EE200200624A (et) 2004-06-15
US6840970B2 (en) 2005-01-11
CZ20023608A3 (cs) 2003-06-18
AR033821A1 (es) 2004-01-07
WO2001085874A2 (de) 2001-11-15
NZ521875A (en) 2004-05-28
KR100727363B1 (ko) 2007-06-13
SK15502002A3 (sk) 2003-05-02
JP2003532783A (ja) 2003-11-05
PL358461A1 (en) 2004-08-09
IL152357A0 (en) 2003-05-29
PL198793B1 (pl) 2008-07-31
CA2406762A1 (en) 2002-10-17
AU2001265925B2 (en) 2006-02-16
DE10021936A1 (de) 2001-11-08
MXPA02010048A (es) 2003-03-10
DE50109967D1 (de) 2006-07-06
MY127143A (en) 2006-11-30
WO2001085874A3 (de) 2002-04-04
NO20025285L (no) 2002-11-04
EP1278814A2 (de) 2003-01-29
NO20025285D0 (no) 2002-11-04
HRP20020957A2 (en) 2005-02-28
KR20020093128A (ko) 2002-12-12
JP5192627B2 (ja) 2013-05-08

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