ATE221081T1 - Azelluläre pertussis-impfstoffe und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Azelluläre pertussis-impfstoffe und verfahren zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- ATE221081T1 ATE221081T1 AT96911887T AT96911887T ATE221081T1 AT E221081 T1 ATE221081 T1 AT E221081T1 AT 96911887 T AT96911887 T AT 96911887T AT 96911887 T AT96911887 T AT 96911887T AT E221081 T1 ATE221081 T1 AT E221081T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- pref
- iii
- pertussis
- toxoid
- agg
- Prior art date
Links
- 229940066827 pertussis vaccine Drugs 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 201000005702 Pertussis Diseases 0.000 abstract 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000588807 Bordetella Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000588832 Bordetella pertussis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960003983 diphtheria toxoid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010021711 pertactin Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960000814 tetanus toxoid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/235—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bordetella (G)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
- A61K39/099—Bordetella
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55505—Inorganic adjuvants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55544—Bacterial toxins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/433,646 US5877298A (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1995-05-04 | Acellular pertussis vaccines and methods of preparing thereof |
| US50174395A | 1995-07-12 | 1995-07-12 | |
| PCT/CA1996/000279 WO1996034883A1 (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1996-05-02 | Acellular pertussis vaccines and methods of preparation thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE221081T1 true ATE221081T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
Family
ID=27029924
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT03078355T ATE496634T1 (de) | 1995-05-04 | 1996-05-02 | Azelluläre pertussis-impfstoffe und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| AT96911887T ATE221081T1 (de) | 1995-05-04 | 1996-05-02 | Azelluläre pertussis-impfstoffe und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| AT96911886T ATE228851T1 (de) | 1995-05-04 | 1996-05-02 | Azelluläre pertussis impfstoffe und verfahren zur herstellung |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT03078355T ATE496634T1 (de) | 1995-05-04 | 1996-05-02 | Azelluläre pertussis-impfstoffe und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT96911886T ATE228851T1 (de) | 1995-05-04 | 1996-05-02 | Azelluläre pertussis impfstoffe und verfahren zur herstellung |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6399076B2 (de) |
| EP (7) | EP1405643A1 (de) |
| CN (2) | CN100387618C (de) |
| AT (3) | ATE496634T1 (de) |
| AU (2) | AU710538B2 (de) |
| BR (2) | BR9608114A (de) |
| CA (3) | CA2433502A1 (de) |
| DE (3) | DE69622555T2 (de) |
| DK (3) | DK0824358T3 (de) |
| ES (2) | ES2182971T3 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR16C0015I2 (de) |
| HK (1) | HK1016191A1 (de) |
| LU (1) | LU93036I2 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX9708481A (de) |
| NL (1) | NL300804I2 (de) |
| NZ (2) | NZ306391A (de) |
| PT (3) | PT826001E (de) |
| WO (2) | WO1996034623A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2646776B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-12 | 1994-06-03 | Pasteur Institut | Utilisation de preparations vaccinantes a base d'adenyl cyclase ou de bacteries les produisant en tant qu'antigenes protecteurs contre les effets des bordetella |
| ATE183194T1 (de) * | 1994-04-28 | 1999-08-15 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Verfahren zur trennung von protektiven verbindungen aus bordetella pertussis |
| US6696065B1 (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 2004-02-24 | Aventis Pastuer Limited | Acellular pertussis vaccines and methods of preparation thereof |
| GB9611501D0 (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1996-08-07 | Smithkline Beecham Biolog | Vaccine compositions |
| JP3280675B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-02 | 2002-05-13 | コノート ラボラトリーズ リミテッド | 多価ｄｔｐポリオワクチン |
| JP4530317B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-21 | 2010-08-25 | 学校法人北里研究所 | 減毒化トキシンを含むワクチン製剤 |
| CA2546343A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-06-09 | Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. | Methods for purifying pertussis toxin and peptides useful therefor |
| JP5378685B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-17 | 2013-12-25 | デ スタート デール ネーダーランデン， フェルテヘンウォールディヒィト ドール デ ミニステール ファン フォルクスヘーゾンドハイド， フェルザイン アン スポルト | グラム陰性菌におけるｌｐｓの脱アシル化 |
| US8124397B2 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2012-02-28 | Oregon Health & Science University | Inactivating pathogens with oxidizing agents for vaccine production |
| EP1867638A1 (de) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-19 | Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Stiftung des öffentlichen Rechts | Verfahren zur kovalenten Verknüpfung zweier Moleküle mittels Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit inversem Elektronenbedarf |
| PL2097102T3 (pl) | 2006-09-07 | 2012-10-31 | Glaxosmithkline Biologicals Sa | Szczepionka skojarzona o zmniejszonej ilości antygenu wirusa polio |
| CN100537767C (zh) * | 2007-04-29 | 2009-09-09 | 中国药品生物制品检定所 | 百日咳疫苗保护性抗原的重组表达及其应用 |
| GB0822633D0 (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2009-01-21 | Novartis Ag | Formulation |
| US20100330158A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-12-30 | Innopharma, Llc | Protein-assisted drug delivery system for the targeted administration of active agents |
| EP2430040A1 (de) | 2009-05-11 | 2012-03-21 | Novartis AG | Antigenaufreinigungsverfahren für pertactinantigen |
| WO2013043608A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | Removal of virucidal agents from biomolecule preparations |
| US20140234360A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-08-21 | The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Dept.of Health and Human Services | Influenza vaccine |
| CN102584958A (zh) * | 2012-02-08 | 2012-07-18 | 北京天坛生物制品股份有限公司 | 百日咳杆菌69kd外膜蛋白的纯化方法 |
| CN102793915B (zh) * | 2012-07-25 | 2013-10-23 | 天津康希诺生物技术有限公司 | 一种无细胞百日咳疫苗的生产方法 |
| ES2597832T3 (es) | 2013-03-08 | 2017-01-23 | Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. | Vacuna acelular contra la tosferina |
| SG10201911134QA (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-01-30 | Grace W R & Co | Adsorbent bioprocessing clarification agents and methods of making and using the same |
| CN105106947A (zh) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-12-02 | 华兰生物工程股份有限公司 | 过氧化氢脱毒的无细胞百日咳疫苗及其制备方法 |
| EP3518968B1 (de) | 2016-10-03 | 2022-01-05 | The U.S.A. as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services | Hiv-1-env-fusionspeptid-immunogene und deren verwendung |
| WO2018081832A1 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-03 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Peptide fragments from filoviruses and their uses |
| US11235056B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2022-02-01 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Glycan-masked engineered outer domains of HIV-1 gp120 and their use |
| KR102426041B1 (ko) * | 2017-08-01 | 2022-07-29 | 주식회사 녹십자 | 냉동 및 해동 과정을 포함하는 백일해균 유래 단백질 수득 방법 |
| WO2019079337A1 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | RECOMBINANT HIV-1 ENVELOPE PROTEINS AND THEIR USE |
| WO2020061564A1 (en) | 2018-09-23 | 2020-03-26 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Hiv-1 env fusion peptide nanoparticle carrier conjugates and their use |
| US20210340188A1 (en) | 2018-10-22 | 2021-11-04 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Servic | Recombinant gp120 protein with v1-loop deletion |
| CN110358802B (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-06-18 | 长春百克生物科技股份公司 | 一种去除百日咳组分菌毛蛋白2/3内毒素的方法 |
| CN112094354B (zh) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-02 | 苏州世诺生物技术有限公司 | 副鸡禽杆菌基因工程亚单位疫苗、其制备方法及应用 |
| WO2023015186A1 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-09 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Hiv-1 vaccination and samt-247 microbicide to prevent hiv-1 infection |
| WO2023192835A1 (en) | 2022-03-27 | 2023-10-05 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Base-covered hiv-1 envelope ectodomains and their use |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4258029A (en) | 1979-04-23 | 1981-03-24 | Connaught Laboratories Limited | Synthetic adjuvants for stimulation of antigenic responses |
| DE3521994A1 (de) | 1985-06-20 | 1987-01-02 | Bayer Ag | N-(2-aminoacylamido-2-desoxy-hexosyl)-amide-, -carbamate und -harnstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung in arzneimitteln |
| GB8601279D0 (en) * | 1986-01-20 | 1986-02-26 | Public Health Lab Service | Purification of pertussis antigens |
| US4705686A (en) | 1986-05-09 | 1987-11-10 | American Cyanamid | Process for the preparation of acellular Bordetalla pertussis vaccine |
| JP2918895B2 (ja) * | 1987-09-04 | 1999-07-12 | アムジエン・インコーポレーテツド | 組換え型ｄｎａ由来ボルデテラ毒素サブユニット類似体 |
| GB8727489D0 (en) | 1987-11-24 | 1987-12-23 | Connaught Lab | Detoxification of pertussis toxin |
| GB8807860D0 (en) | 1988-04-05 | 1988-05-05 | Connaught Lab | Pertussis vaccine |
| US4967176A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-10-30 | Raychem Corporation | Assemblies of PTC circuit protection devices |
| US5101014A (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1992-03-31 | United States Of America | Process for the purification of a 69,000 da outer membrane protein of Bordetella pertussis |
| WO1990012086A1 (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-18 | Washington University | Bordetella vaccines |
| US5276142A (en) | 1989-12-11 | 1994-01-04 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for purification of a 69000 dalton antigenic protein from Bordetella pertussis |
| GB9007657D0 (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1990-05-30 | Connaught Lab | Purification of a pertussis outer membrane protein(omp69) |
| EP0484621A3 (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1992-08-26 | American Cyanamid Company | Efficacious vaccines against bordetella pertussis comprising a combination of individually purified pertussis antigens |
| ATE183194T1 (de) * | 1994-04-28 | 1999-08-15 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Verfahren zur trennung von protektiven verbindungen aus bordetella pertussis |
| FR2728170A1 (fr) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-06-21 | Pasteur Institut | Vaccin de type acellulaire anti-bordetella |
| US5877298A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1999-03-02 | Connaught Lab | Acellular pertussis vaccines and methods of preparing thereof |
-
1996
- 1996-05-02 DK DK96911886T patent/DK0824358T3/da active
- 1996-05-02 EP EP20030078354 patent/EP1405643A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-02 ES ES96911886T patent/ES2182971T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 EP EP03078355A patent/EP1393744B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 DK DK96911887T patent/DK0826001T3/da active
- 1996-05-02 EP EP02012063A patent/EP1234579A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-02 EP EP96911886A patent/EP0824358B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 BR BR9608114-7A patent/BR9608114A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-02 EP EP96911887A patent/EP0826001B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 NZ NZ306391A patent/NZ306391A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-02 PT PT96911887T patent/PT826001E/pt unknown
- 1996-05-02 DK DK03078355.9T patent/DK1393744T3/da active
- 1996-05-02 EP EP02012064A patent/EP1234580A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-02 EP EP02077074.9A patent/EP1233022B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 CA CA002433502A patent/CA2433502A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-02 WO PCT/CA1996/000278 patent/WO1996034623A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-05-02 AT AT03078355T patent/ATE496634T1/de active
- 1996-05-02 MX MX9708481A patent/MX9708481A/es active IP Right Grant
- 1996-05-02 AU AU54941/96A patent/AU710538B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-05-02 CA CA002220048A patent/CA2220048C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 DE DE69622555T patent/DE69622555T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 AU AU54940/96A patent/AU715417B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-05-02 AT AT96911887T patent/ATE221081T1/de active
- 1996-05-02 US US08/945,750 patent/US6399076B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 NZ NZ306392A patent/NZ306392A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-02 PT PT96911886T patent/PT824358E/pt unknown
- 1996-05-02 DE DE69625191T patent/DE69625191T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 DE DE69638326T patent/DE69638326D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 BR BR9608115-5A patent/BR9608115A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-02 CN CNB961952296A patent/CN100387618C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 CA CA002220063A patent/CA2220063C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 ES ES96911887T patent/ES2180758T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-02 PT PT03078355T patent/PT1393744E/pt unknown
- 1996-05-02 AT AT96911886T patent/ATE228851T1/de active
- 1996-05-02 CN CN96195230A patent/CN1198099A/zh active Pending
- 1996-05-02 WO PCT/CA1996/000279 patent/WO1996034883A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1999
- 1999-03-15 HK HK99101064.1A patent/HK1016191A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2016
- 2016-04-21 LU LU93036C patent/LU93036I2/xx unknown
- 2016-04-27 FR FR16C0015C patent/FR16C0015I2/fr active Active
- 2016-04-28 NL NL300804C patent/NL300804I2/nl unknown
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ATE496634T1 (de) | Azelluläre pertussis-impfstoffe und verfahren zu deren herstellung | |
| AU4267093A (en) | Vaccine compositions for mucosal delivery | |
| RU99101850A (ru) | Поливалентные ассоциированные коклюшно-дифтерийно-столбнячно(акдс)-полиомиелитные вакцины | |
| LU91155I2 (fr) | Combinaison d'anatoxine diphtérique, d'anatoxine tétanique, d'anatoxine coquelucheuse, d'hémagglutininine filamenteuse, de pertactine, d'agglutinogènes fimbriaux coquelucheux 2 et 3 et de virus poliomyélitique inactivé type 1, type 2 et type 3. | |
| EP0761230A3 (de) | Aus Bordetella pertussis Aussenmembranprotein enthaltender Impfstoffe und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| AU5625796A (en) | Protective epitopes of adenyl cyclase-haemolysin(AC-Hly), their application to the treatment or to the prevention of bordetella infections | |
| WO1997046255A3 (en) | Vaccine composition comprising outer membrane protein fragments of bordetella pertussis | |
| ATE189462T1 (de) | Vakzine zur prophylaxe gegen eine hiv-infektion und/oder zur therapie von aids, und verfahren zur herstellung |