ATE204205T1 - Einfach- und mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie anordnungen davon zur entionisierung von wässrigen medien - Google Patents
Einfach- und mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie anordnungen davon zur entionisierung von wässrigen medienInfo
- Publication number
- ATE204205T1 ATE204205T1 AT95919332T AT95919332T ATE204205T1 AT E204205 T1 ATE204205 T1 AT E204205T1 AT 95919332 T AT95919332 T AT 95919332T AT 95919332 T AT95919332 T AT 95919332T AT E204205 T1 ATE204205 T1 AT E204205T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode chambers
- denitionizing
- arrangements
- aqueous media
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
- C02F1/4695—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis electrodeionisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/445—Ion-selective electrodialysis with bipolar membranes; Water splitting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/06—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
- B01J47/08—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration subjected to a direct electric current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4611—Fluid flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4418812A DE4418812C2 (de) | 1994-05-30 | 1994-05-30 | Einfach- und Mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie Anordnungen davon zur Entionisierung von wäßrigen Medien |
| PCT/DE1995/000696 WO1995032791A1 (de) | 1994-05-30 | 1995-05-23 | Einfach- und mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie anordnungen davon zur entionisierung von wässrigen medien |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE204205T1 true ATE204205T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
Family
ID=6519308
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT95919332T ATE204205T1 (de) | 1994-05-30 | 1995-05-23 | Einfach- und mehrfachelektrolysezellen sowie anordnungen davon zur entionisierung von wässrigen medien |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5954935A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0762927B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP3793229B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE204205T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE4418812C2 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK0762927T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2162918T3 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT762927E (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1995032791A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (73)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6402916B1 (en) | 1993-10-27 | 2002-06-11 | Richard L. Sampson | Electrolytic process and apparatus controlled regeneration of modified ion exchangers to purify aqueous solutions and adjust ph |
| US5705050A (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1998-01-06 | Sampson; Richard L. | Electrolytic process and apparatus for the controlled oxidation and reduction of inorganic and organic species in aqueous solutions |
| GB2311999B (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1999-09-08 | Elga Group Services Ltd | Apparatus and method of electrodiaysis |
| FI100520B (fi) * | 1996-06-13 | 1997-12-31 | Imatran Voima Oy | Elektrodi ja laite sähkökemiallisten reaktioiden aikaansaamiseksi |
| RU2096337C1 (ru) * | 1996-09-05 | 1997-11-20 | Витольд Михайлович Бахир | Установка для электрохимической очистки воды и/или водных растворов |
| US5868915A (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1999-02-09 | United States Filter Corporation | Electrodeionization apparatus and method |
| GB2319520B (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2000-11-29 | Separation Developments Ltd | De-salination apparatus and method |
| AUPO671597A0 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1997-06-05 | Crc For Waste Management And Pollution Control Limited | Electrochemical regeneration of ion exchange resin |
| US5932171A (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-08-03 | Steris Corporation | Sterilization apparatus utilizing catholyte and anolyte solutions produced by electrolysis of water |
| DE19752111C1 (de) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-02-11 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wasserteilentsalzung |
| DE69821973T2 (de) | 1997-12-04 | 2004-11-11 | Steris Corp., Mentor | Chemische änderung von elektrochemisch aktiviertem wasser |
| GB9802732D0 (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 1998-04-08 | Elga Ltd | Electrodialysis apparatus |
| AU4398399A (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-29 | Hee Jung Kim | Electrochemical treatment system for hard-resoluble waste water |
| US6284124B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2001-09-04 | United States Filter Corporation | Electrodeionization apparatus and method |
| JP3389889B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-13 | 2003-03-24 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 電気的脱イオン装置 |
| FR2803284B1 (fr) * | 2000-01-03 | 2002-04-12 | Michel Bernard | Dispositif automatique de purification d'eau potable |
| GB0016846D0 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2000-08-30 | United States Filter Corp | Electrodeionisation Apparatus |
| US7147785B2 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2006-12-12 | Usfilter Corporation | Electrodeionization device and methods of use |
| US6607647B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2003-08-19 | United States Filter Corporation | Electrodeionization apparatus with expanded conductive mesh electrode and method |
| WO2002090267A1 (de) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-14 | Samotec Automation + Trading Elektrohandels-Gmbh | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur entfernung und/oder trennung von anionen und kationen eines elektrolyts durch multi-elektroden-elektrolyse (mee) |
| US6649037B2 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2003-11-18 | United States Filter Corporation | Electrodeionization apparatus and method |
| ES2361004T3 (es) | 2001-10-15 | 2011-06-13 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Aparato y método para purificación de fluidos. |
| DE60202512T2 (de) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-12-22 | Kurita Water Industries, Ltd. | Vorrichtung für Elektrodeionisation |
| US6808608B2 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2004-10-26 | Dionex Corporation | Water purifier and method |
| JP4343105B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-17 | 2009-10-14 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 電気式脱塩装置 |
| US7501061B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2009-03-10 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Production of water for injection using reverse osmosis |
| JP4384444B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-29 | 2009-12-16 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 電気式脱塩装置及び電気透析装置 |
| US7862700B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2011-01-04 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
| US20050103717A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-19 | United States Filter Corporation | Water treatment system and method |
| US7846340B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2010-12-07 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
| US8377279B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2013-02-19 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Water treatment system and method |
| US7604725B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2009-10-20 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
| US7582198B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2009-09-01 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
| US7083733B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2006-08-01 | Usfilter Corporation | Water treatment system and method |
| US7563351B2 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2009-07-21 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment system and method |
| GB0406141D0 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2004-04-21 | Boc Group Plc | Electromembrane process and apparatus |
| US7329358B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2008-02-12 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Water treatment process |
| JP4489511B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-18 | 2010-06-23 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 複極室および該複極室を備えた電気化学的液体処理装置 |
| US7658828B2 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2010-02-09 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Regeneration of adsorption media within electrical purification apparatuses |
| EP1885655B1 (de) | 2005-06-01 | 2014-12-17 | Evoqua Water Technologies LLC | Wasseraufbereitung durch intermittierende desinfektion |
| DE102006016688B3 (de) * | 2006-04-08 | 2007-09-20 | Esa Patentverwertungsagentur Sachsen-Anhalt Gmbh | Elektroentionisierungsverfahren zur Aufbereitung von bei der chemischen und/oder elektrochemischen Oberflächenbehandlung von Metallen entstehenden Spülwässern |
| GB0611171D0 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2006-07-19 | Otv Sa | Water treatment method and apparatus |
| US10252923B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2019-04-09 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Method and system for water treatment |
| US8277627B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2012-10-02 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Method and system for irrigation |
| US10213744B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2019-02-26 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Method and system for water treatment |
| US20080067069A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2008-03-20 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Low scale potential water treatment |
| US7820024B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2010-10-26 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Electrically-driven separation apparatus |
| US7744760B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-06-29 | Siemens Water Technologies Corp. | Method and apparatus for desalination |
| US20080078673A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-03 | The Water Company Llc | Electrode for use in a deionization apparatus and method of making same and regenerating the same |
| WO2008048656A2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Kinetico Incorporated | Electroregeneration apparatus and water treatment method |
| BRPI0819884A2 (pt) | 2007-11-30 | 2016-05-10 | Siemens Water Tech Corp | método para tratamento de água salgada, sistema de tratamento de água e dispositivo de separação acionado eletricamente |
| EP2237855A1 (de) * | 2007-12-20 | 2010-10-13 | Paques B.V. | Verfahren zur entfernung von sulfid aus alkaliwaschflüssigkeiten |
| KR101471667B1 (ko) * | 2008-04-29 | 2014-12-10 | 코웨이 주식회사 | 연수기 |
| EP2208523B1 (de) * | 2008-12-31 | 2013-02-20 | EMD Millipore Corporation | Elektroentionisierungsvorrichtung mit Aufteilung eines hydrodynamischen Stroms |
| DE102010009252A1 (de) | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-30 | Roiner, Franz, Prof. | Verfahren zur Dekontamination von Metallionen aus einer Flüssigkeit |
| JP4939645B1 (ja) * | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-30 | 株式会社アロンワールド | イオン水の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| EP2740712A4 (de) * | 2011-08-04 | 2015-04-29 | Organo Corp | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von vollentsalztem wasser |
| CN103058425B (zh) * | 2011-10-21 | 2015-07-29 | 通用电气公司 | 脱盐系统和方法 |
| US9724645B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | Tangent Company Llc | Electrochemically regenerated water deionization |
| WO2014120871A1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrochemical cells for supply of acid water |
| DK3307423T3 (da) * | 2015-06-12 | 2021-05-25 | Spraying Systems Co | Højvolumenvandelektrolysesystem og fremgangsmåde til anvendelse |
| KR101654715B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-09-07 | 라이프코어인스트루먼트 주식회사 | 고효율 용존 수소수의 제조 장치 및 방법 |
| CN107227465A (zh) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-10-03 | 北京汇益科技股份有限公司 | 一种纳米纤维双极膜制备酸碱的方法及其设备 |
| EP3672916A4 (de) | 2017-08-21 | 2021-05-19 | Evoqua Water Technologies LLC | Behandlung von salzwasser für landwirtschaftliche und trinkwassernutzung |
| US12180103B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2024-12-31 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Treatment of saline water for agricultural and potable use and for generation of disinfectant solution |
| DE102017223521A1 (de) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Durchströmbare Anionentauscher-Füllungen für Elektrolytspalte in der CO2-Elektrolyse zur besseren räumlichen Verteilung der Gasentwicklung |
| US12000056B2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2024-06-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Tandem electrolysis cell |
| WO2021257384A1 (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-23 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Tandem electrolysis cell |
| US12415976B2 (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2025-09-16 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | System and method for biological methane gas generation and removal of carbon dioxide therefrom |
| CN118891232A (zh) | 2021-12-22 | 2024-11-01 | 纽约州州立大学研究基金会 | 用于电化学海洋碱度增强的系统和方法 |
| US12018392B2 (en) | 2022-01-03 | 2024-06-25 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods for producing syngas from H2S and CO2 in an electrochemical cell |
| CN117015623B (zh) * | 2023-06-21 | 2025-07-29 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | 一种电化学脱嵌提锂的方法 |
| CN116950037B (zh) * | 2023-07-03 | 2025-10-03 | 武汉大学 | 电渗注浆装置及电渗-生物胶结协同加固软黏土方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE635112C (de) * | 1933-06-28 | 1937-02-20 | Alfred Zerver | Halter fuer Werkzeuge, insbesondere fuer hintereinanderliegende Schraubenschluessel in Satzform |
| BE515515A (de) * | 1951-11-15 | |||
| US2788319A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | 1957-04-09 | Clayton Manufacturing Co | Ion exchange method and apparatus |
| US2812300A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | 1957-11-05 | Clayton Manufacturing Co | Electrolytic regeneration of ion exchange resins |
| US2980598A (en) * | 1957-12-09 | 1961-04-18 | Gen Electric | Water demineralizing methods and systems |
| GB879181A (en) * | 1958-02-03 | 1961-10-04 | Permutit Co Ltd | Improvements relating to the removal of dissolved solids from liquids |
| US4148708A (en) * | 1977-07-22 | 1979-04-10 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Combination ion exchange and electrodialysis fluid purification apparatus |
| DE3217990A1 (de) * | 1982-05-13 | 1983-11-17 | Gerhard Dipl.-Chem. Dr.-Ing. 5628 Heiligenhaus Kunz | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von fluessigkeiten, insbesondere entsalzen waessriger loesungen |
| DE3329813A1 (de) * | 1983-08-18 | 1985-02-28 | Gerhard K. Dipl.-Chem. Dr.-Ing. 5628 Heiligenhaus Kunz | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von fluessigkeiten, insbesondere entsalzen waessriger loesungen |
| GB8332089D0 (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1984-01-11 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Electrodes |
| EP0170895B1 (de) * | 1984-07-09 | 1989-03-22 | Millipore Corporation | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrischen Entionisierung |
| AU5847590A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1991-01-08 | Olin Corporation | Process for removing ionizable impurities from non-aqueous fluids |
| US5026465A (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1991-06-25 | Ionics, Incorporated | Electrodeionization polarity reversal apparatus and process |
| US5211823A (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1993-05-18 | Millipore Corporation | Process for purifying resins utilizing bipolar interface |
| US5451309A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-09-19 | B&W Nuclear Technologies, Inc. | Ion exchange resin regeneration apparatus |
-
1994
- 1994-05-30 DE DE4418812A patent/DE4418812C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-23 ES ES95919332T patent/ES2162918T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-23 DE DE59509515T patent/DE59509515D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-23 EP EP95919332A patent/EP0762927B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-23 DK DK95919332T patent/DK0762927T3/da active
- 1995-05-23 WO PCT/DE1995/000696 patent/WO1995032791A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1995-05-23 JP JP50016396A patent/JP3793229B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-23 AT AT95919332T patent/ATE204205T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-23 PT PT95919332T patent/PT762927E/pt unknown
-
1996
- 1996-11-26 US US08/756,986 patent/US5954935A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1995032791A1 (de) | 1995-12-07 |
| US5954935A (en) | 1999-09-21 |
| DE59509515D1 (de) | 2001-09-20 |
| PT762927E (pt) | 2002-01-30 |
| DE4418812C2 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
| EP0762927B1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
| JP3793229B2 (ja) | 2006-07-05 |
| JPH10500895A (ja) | 1998-01-27 |
| DK0762927T3 (da) | 2001-11-26 |
| EP0762927A1 (de) | 1997-03-19 |
| DE4418812A1 (de) | 1995-12-07 |
| ES2162918T3 (es) | 2002-01-16 |
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