AT14619U1 - building - Google Patents

Abstract

A building, in particular house (1), hall or the like, with a building envelope, comprises a plurality, in particular four outer walls (2), a concrete floor slab (3) and at least one ceiling (4), wherein at least the outer walls have a common, cast in a cast concrete core (11).

Description

description

BUILDING

The present invention relates to a building, in particular house, hall or derglei¬, with a building envelope comprising a plurality, in particular four outer walls, a bottom plate and at least one ceiling.

Below the concrete floor slab, a basement may be connected. However, it may be that it is a building without a basement where the floor slab forms the end of the building towards the ground.

The at least one ceiling may be formed as a substantially flat ceiling plate. However, especially in bungalows, the ceiling can also be formed in the shape of the roof and thus angled.

In the known from the prior art houses, which are usually made of brick or wood, thermal bridges are often present, whereby energy is lost in the form of heat. Such thermal bridges are often observed in the area of windows or in connections between outer walls and ceilings. Another problem of the prior art building is that the construction is time consuming and labor intensive. Especially in brick houses many workers are needed to build a building in a reasonably acceptable time.

The following invention has for its object to provide a building available, which overcomes the disadvantages described above.

This object is achieved by a building of the type mentioned above, which is characterized in that at least the outer walls comprise a gemein¬samen cast in a cast concrete core.

In the case of single-storey houses, the height of the concrete core usually corresponds generally to the height of the outer walls. For multi-storey buildings, the height of the concrete core may also correspond to the height of the exterior walls. In the case of multi-storey buildings, however, as a rule, the outer walls have a number of concrete cores corresponding to the number of projectiles.

Due to the fact that the outer walls of the building according to the invention comprise a common, cast in a concrete core, it is possible to build a complete heat bridge free building. The fact that the outer walls (at least the first floor) can be made in one piece, saves a great deal of time and labor.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention, the outer walls and the at least one ceiling comprise a common, cast in a concrete core. It should be noted at this point that the term "concrete core" can be understood to mean a core in the classical sense with a double-sided or one-sided shell as well as a shell-free "bare" concrete shell. As a rule, both of the outer walls forming concrete core is a core in the classical sense with outer and inner shell. In the at least one ceiling forming portion of the concrete core, it is usually a on the bottom of a shell having concrete slab.

A further preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention is constructed in such a way that the outer walls, the at least one ceiling and the supporting Innenwän¬de a common cast in a cast concrete core. This contributes to a further energetic optimization of the building according to the invention.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention, the outer walls are each constructed of, in particular floor-high shuttering modules, each one, usually the outer facade of the building forming panel-like Außen¬ shell of insulating material and a with the outer shell, preferably via steel bars connected tabular inner shell of insulating material, which inner shell is arranged at a distance from the outer shell, so that the formwork modules have a filling space between the outer shell and the inner shell for filling with flowable concrete, wherein the filling spaces of the individual formwork modules of the outer walls are in open connection with one another, so that when filling with Flowing concrete is a closed concrete core. This concrete core thus extends through the individual formwork modules. After filling the filling space with flowing concrete and hardening the concrete, the outer and inner shells of the formwork modules are usually left on the concrete core, so that outer walls, which have both on its outside and on its inside insulating material, are present. However, it is also conceivable that, for example, the inner shells are removed after the curing of the Be¬tons, so that inside the building walls with exposed concrete are present.

In a preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention, the at least one ceiling comprises a plurality of formwork modules, on which flow concrete is applied, the formwork modules of the ceiling and the formwork modules of the outer walls are arranged to each other, that the filling spaces of the formwork modules of the outer walls with the top the formwork modules of the ceiling are in open connection, so thatfloating concrete can flow from the top of the formwork modules of the ceiling into the filling spaces of the outer walls of the outer walls to form a closed concrete shell. Such an embodiment of the building according to the invention is particularly simple and quick to erect and has one particularly high energy efficiency.

Advantageously, the insulating material of the outer and inner shell of a formwork module Hartschaum, in particular Styrodur®, XPS, EPS or Neopor®. These materials are particularly well suited for the insulation of the building according to the invention, in particular the building envelope.

Preferably, the concrete core of the building according to the invention consists of a fast curing concrete, which is warm immediately after filling. In particular, the concrete core is concrete C 25/30 or C 35/40.

In general, the outer walls with the bottom plate, which is preferably made of concrete, connected via connecting iron. This compound also contributes to a heat bridge-free construction.

In a preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention, windows and / or external doors are arranged in the outer insulation of the outer walls, which is preferably formed by the outer shell of the formwork modules. This also contributes to a heat bridge-free construction of the building according to the invention.

Advantageously, the windows, which are arranged in the outer insulation of the outer walls, via fixed in the concrete core of the outer walls load transfer elements, which in particular encircling U-profiles, supported. This ensures a stable fit of the windows in the outer insulation.

Advantageously, in the field of soffit frames of the window Dämmkeile angeordnet.Diese contribute to a further increase in energy efficiency.

In a preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention under the floor slab insulating material, in particular a juxtaposed insulating boards existing insulating layer, preferably arranged from XPS. This insulating layer first and foremost helps to protect against frost and to further increase energy efficiency.

The present invention further relates to a formwork module for producing a building wall, comprising two panel-like formwork elements made of insulating material, which are connected to each other via Ver¬ binding elements, in particular metal rods, in particular mild steel / reinforcing steel at a distance.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings and the subclaims. Here, the individual features can be realized on their own or in combination with each other.

In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a building according to the invention; FIG. FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the building of FIG. 1 in a corner area; FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1 from the contact region of the base plate with an outer wall; Fig. 4a: an enlarged section of the building of Fig. 1 in the region of

window; FIG. 4b shows a plan view of the window shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 4a; FIG. FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail of a further building according to the invention in the area of the roof; FIG. FIG. 6a: a perspective view of a formwork module according to the invention; FIG. FIG. 6b shows a side view of the formwork module of FIG. 6a; FIG. Fig. 6c: a plan view of the formwork module of Fig. 6a.

1 shows a cross section through a building according to the invention in the form of a single-storey house 1. The house 1 comprises four outer walls 2, wherein in each case two adjoining outer walls enclose a right angle with each other. The house 1 further comprises a base plate 3 made of concrete and a ceiling 4. Interior walls are not shown in the present description for reasons of clarity. The outer walls 2 have been constructed of knock-out formwork modules 5. Both the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 7 are made of insulating material, in this case made of Neopor®. The outer shell 6 and the inner shell 7 are arranged at a distance to each other, so that between the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 7, a space 8 is present. The outer shell 6 and the inner shell 7 of a formwork module 5 are connected to each other via (not shown here) steel rods. The outer shell 6 is formed thicker than the inner shell 7. Also, the inner walls, not shown here are made of such formwork modules, the shells are formed aus¬ usually thick.

The ceiling 4 is u. a. composed of a plurality of juxtaposed Schalungsele¬ segments 9. The length of the individual formwork elements 9 corresponds to the length of the cover 4. The formwork elements 9 are made of insulating material, here made of EPS.

The filling spaces 8 of the formwork modules 5 of the outer walls 2 are in open Verbin¬dung to each other. The formwork modules 5 of the outer walls 2 serve as carriers of the elements 9 of the cover 4, wherein the formwork elements 9 rest on the inner shells 7 of the formwork modules 5. As a result of this arrangement, the filling spaces 8 of the formwork modules 5 of the outer walls 2 are in open connection with the upper side 10 of the formwork elements 9 of the ceiling 4.

When creating the house 1, the procedure is as follows. First, the formwork modules 5 are erected on the previously cast floor panel 3. Here, the formwork modules 5 are usually fixed to a fixed in the bottom plate galvanized steel profile. Thereafter, if necessary, internal walls are drawn in, which as a rule are also constructed of modules. These formwork modules of the inner walls also have two shells arranged at a distance from one another, so that the modules of the inner walls also have a filling space. After setting up the formwork modules 5 and possibly the Scha¬lungsmodule the inner walls of the formwork elements 9 of the later ceiling are mounted.

The formwork elements 9 are - as already mentioned above - usually on the inner shells 7 of the formwork modules 5 of the outer walls 2.

Subsequently, the decisive step, namely the filling of the filling spaces 8 of the formwork modules 5, possibly also the filling of formwork modules of Innenwändensowie the top of the formwork elements 9 of the ceiling 4. Here, for example, be taken so that flowing concrete is applied to the formwork elements 9 which laterally flows from the formwork elements 9 into the filling spaces 8 of the formwork modules 5 and these are finally filled completely with flow concrete. Alternatively, it is also possible to proceed in such a way that the flowable concrete is poured directly into the filling spaces 8 of the formwork modules 5 which, after complete filling of the filling spaces 8, also cover the upper side 10 of the formwork elements 9. Regardless of the procedure for casting the concrete, a cast concrete core 11 (hatched) is produced, ie a closed shell made in a cast, which comprises all the outer walls 2, possibly the supporting inner walls and the ceiling 4 of the house 1.

The section 11a of the concrete core 11 in the region of the outer walls 2 is connected to the Boden¬platte 3 via connecting elements 12 made of steel. These are bent-steel rods which are already integrated in the manufacture of the base plate 3 in this and protrude from this a piece far. When casting the concrete core 11, these are finally poured into the regions 11a of the concrete core 11.

By cast in a cast concrete core 11, which forms a closed Ge¬bäudeschale, and the connection of the concrete core 11 with the bottom plate 3 arises total a completely thermal bridge-free house with closed building envelope.

Before pouring the bottom plate 3 an insulation of individual modules made of insulating material is usually arranged in the region of the bottom plate 3. These modules are usually made of XPS insulation. In the area of the end faces of the bottom plate 3, insulating modules 14 made of XPS were also arranged. These are connected to the modules 13 via a tongue and groove connection 54. The concrete of the concrete core 11 is a particularly fast-curing concrete which develops strong heat during casting (here C 25/30 -C 35/40). The moisture released immediately after the casting process penetrates in the region of the outer walls 2 primarily through the inner shells 7 of the formwork modules 5, which have a smaller thickness than the outer shells 6. As a result, the entire outer walls 2 dry out quickly. In the area of the ceiling 4, the majority of the moisture escapes in the upper area of the ceiling 4, which is not covered with a shell.

In the outer walls 2 windows are arranged, wherein in the present illustration, a window 15 is shown. The window 15 is seated in a soffit frame 16 and comprises a triple-glazed window pane 17 and a sill (outer) 18. In the upper area of the window a blind box 19 is arranged. In the lower part of a soffit foot 20 is arranged. The load of the window is removed by a load transfer in the form of a protruding from the section 11ad concrete core 11 angled element 21 made of metal with circumferential U-profile. As u. a. can also be seen from Figures 4a and 4b, the window sits in the region of the outer insulation of the outer walls 2, which are formed by the outer shells 6 of Schalungsmodu¬ 5. This arrangement ensures that no thermal bridges occur even in the area of the windows. Further details of the window 15 can be seen in FIGS. 4a and 4b. Thus, in these figures, the window floor 22 and the window frame 23 can be seen. For further sealing, a circumferential sealing strip 24 is arranged. For further insulation, insulating wedges 25 are arranged in the region of the reveal frame. Furthermore, a fastening 26 for external venetian blinds and the roller guide 27 can be seen.

According to FIG. 1, the roof 28 of the house 1 is constructed from an outer 29 and inner 30 roof skin. In the area of the roof 28, a plurality of purlins are arranged, namely a first purlin 31, two middle purlins 32 and two foot purlins 33. On the outer shells 6 of the shutter modules 5 of the outer walls 2, an outer plaster 34 is arranged, which extends to the insulation 13 of the base plate 3. On the inner shells 7 of the formwork modules 5 of the Außen¬ walls 2, an interior plaster 35 is arranged. As can also be clearly seen, the outer shells 6 project beyond the inner shells 7 in the upper region. This is an extremely advantageous feature when casting the concrete core 11, since the outer shells 6 in the upper area serve as a limit for the flow of concrete in the area of the ceiling.

In the bottom plate 3 and / or the ceiling 4 heating loops for heating and Küh¬len the house 1 can be arranged. In the area of the ceiling 4, a ring anchor 36 is arranged.

Fig. 2 shows an enlarged section of the house 1 of Fig. 1 in the region of two adjacent outer walls 2 in cross section. In the area of the corner of the house standing formwork modules 5a and 5b perpendicular to each other. As can be clearly seen here, the formwork modules 5a and 5b each have a V-groove 38 at their ends. The respective adjoining formwork modules 5a and 5b are bonded to one another at their abutting areas with adhesive. In the area of the V-grooves 38, a cavity is created, which is filled by block-shaped connecting elements 39 and glued to them. This also contributes to a thermal bridge freedom of the building.

The connecting elements 39 are connecting elements made of neo-por. The outer shell 6 of a shuttering module 5 is connected to the inner shell 7 via steel rods 40. In this illustration, it is also easy to see that the filling chambers 8 of the modules 5 are in open communication with each other. The standing in open connection filling spaces 8 form a contiguous space which is filled by the concrete core 11. In the area of the concrete core 11 is also mild steel 41. The exterior and interior plaster is not shown in this illustration.

Fig. 3 shows an enlarged section of the house 1 of Fig. 1 in the bottom region of an outer wall 2 in longitudinal section. In addition to the elements already shown in FIG. 1, an antifreeze layer 42 and a layer of grit 43 are shown below the insulation 13 of the bottom plate 3. On the bottom plate 3, a footfall sound insulation 44 and a streak layer 45 is arranged. Further, a terminal reinforcement 46 connecting the portion 11a of the concrete core 11 to the floor panel 3 is provided.

5 shows an enlarged detail from the region of the roof 28 of the house 1 of FIG. 1. In addition to the features already described in connection with FIG. 1, the following elements are to be seen here: a concrete anchor 47 for the foot purlin 33 , Rigipsplatten 48, which are bolted to the inner roof skin 30. Furthermore, a cross section through the roof 28 is shown in FIG. The roof comprises a first insulating layer 49 and a second insulating layer 50, both of which consist of individual elongated modules, which are connected to one another via a tongue and groove joint. The first insulation layer 49 is screwed in wooden purlins. The two insulation levels 49 and 50 form an insulation thickness of approx. 15 cm - 40 cm. In the embankment levels 49 and 50, U-profiles 51 extend, wherein the U-profiles 51 of the insulating layer 49 and 50 are connected to one another via connecting elements 52.

6a shows a perspective view of a shuttering module 5. The shuttering module 5 comprises an outer shell 6 and an inner shell 7, which are connected by steel rods 40. In the space 8 between the outer shell 6 and the inner shell 7 is a grid 41 made of steel. On the outside of the inner shell 7 holding plate 53 can be seen for fixing the connecting elements 40. In the end faces of the outer shell 6, which is made of neoprene, a V-groove 38 is arranged in each case. When two formwork modules 5 are connected, two superimposed V-grooves are filled by a Neopor connector 39, which is glued into the V-grooves. The width of the formwork module 5 is approximately 1200 mm. The height is adjusted to the storey height of the house to be created.

Fig. 6b shows the formwork module 5 in a lateral view.

Fig. 6c shows a plan view of the formwork module 5. The inner shell 7 has a thickness of about 50 mm.

When erecting an outer wall, the formwork modules 5 are positioned so that their V-grooves lie against each other and form a cavity in the form of an elongated cuboid. Prior to this, adhesive is applied to the respective end faces of the outer and inner shells 6 and 7. Before joining two formwork modules, the Neopor connector 39 is glued into one of the two V-grooves of a formwork module.

In summary, it should be said that with the house 1 according to the invention a house completely free of heat bridges is provided. This is primarily due to the closed concrete core 11 cast from a single casting. The windows arranged in the outer insulation as well as the attachment of the concrete core of the outer walls to the floor slab contribute to a thermal bridge freedom. Due to the fact that a closed concrete core is present in the form of a shell, a highly efficient heat storage, which is ensured by the concrete core, is achieved. The concrete core maintains a constant temperature (+/- 1 ° C to the inside temperature) and is wear-resistant. Measurements have shown that a house, as shown in Fig. 1, has a power consumption of less than 5 KW / rrr / year.

Claims (13)

Claims 1. Building, in particular house (1), hall or the like, with a building envelope, comprising a plurality, in particular four outer walls (2), a bottom plate (3) made of concrete and at least one ceiling (4), characterized in that at least the outer walls comprise a common cast in a concrete core (11). 2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls (2) and the at least one ceiling (4) comprise a common cast in a concrete core (11). 3. Building according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the Au¬ßenwände (2), the at least one ceiling (4) and supporting inner walls comprise a gemein¬samen cast in a concrete core. 4. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer walls (2) each from, in particular substantially floor-high Scha¬lungsmodulen (5, 5a, 5b) are constructed, each having a panel-like outer shell (6) of insulating material and a with the outer shell, preferably by means of steel bars (40) connected tabular inner shell (7) of insulating material, which inner shell is arranged at a distance from the outer shell, so that the formwork modules have a filling space (8) between the outer shell and the inner shell for filling with fluid concrete, wherein the filling spaces the individual shuttering modules of the outer walls are in open connection with each other so that, when filled with flowable concrete, a closed concrete core (11) which extends through the individual formwork modules is produced. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one ceiling (4) comprises a plurality of formwork modules (9) to which flowable concrete is applied, the formwork modules (9) of the ceiling (4) and formwork modules (9). 5, 5a, 5b) of the outer walls (2) are arranged relative to one another such that the filling spaces (8) of the outer wall formwork modules (5) are in open communication with the upper surface (10) of the ceiling formwork modules (9), such that the flowing concrete is from the upper side the formwork modules of the ceiling in the filling spaces of the formwork modules of Au¬ßenwände to form a closed concrete shell (11) can flow. 6. Building according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the insulation material of the outer shell (6) and the inner shell (7) of a formwork module (5) rigid foam, in particular Styrodur®, XPS, EPS or Neopor® is. A building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete core (11) consists of concrete C 25/30 or C 35/40. A building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer walls (2) are connected to the bottom plate (3) by means of connecting bars (12) which are preferably cast in the concrete core of the outer walls and the bottom plate. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that windows (15) and / or external doors are arranged in the outer insulation of the outer walls (2), which is preferably formed by the outer shells (6) of the formwork modules (5). 10. Building according to claim 9, characterized in that the windows (15) in the concrete core (11) of the outer walls (5) fixed load-transfer elements (21), which insbesonde¬ revolved U-profiles are supported. 11. Building according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that in the area of the soffit frame (16) of the window (15) insulating wedges (25) are arranged. 12. Building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that below the bottom plate (3) insulating material, in particular a side by side angeord¬neten insulation boards (13) existing insulating layer, preferably made of XPS is arranged. 13. formwork module (5) for producing a building wall, comprising two panel-like formwork elements (6, 7) made of insulating material, which are connected to one another via connecting elements, in particular metal rods (40), at a distance from each other. For this 7 sheets drawings