EP2360321A2 - Building with skeleton construction and method for producing same - Google Patents

Abstract

The building has walls whose main components are installed or mounted after setting foundations and floor plates, where the components are designed as functional elements (6.1-6.3). Moldings of supporting structures are inserted in the elements. Columns, beams, bolts and binders consist of metal e.g. cast iron, steel and aluminum, plastics or wood materials. The elements are made of materials with a porous material structure or a fibrous structure i.e. expanded polystyrene-rigid foam or mineral material. An insulating element has a high heat resistance and a low vapor diffusion factor.

Description

The invention relates to a method for building building structures, in particular buildings. Furthermore, the invention relates to functional elements, in particular for use in a method mentioned above. Furthermore, the invention relates to a building, which is designed in particular as a passive house or low energy house.

Buildings of the type mentioned are particularly suitable as passive houses or low energy houses. Such passive houses have experienced increased demand in recent years, also due to climate change and rising energy prices worldwide. The term passive house refers in particular to a standard and not to a construction process. Such passive houses are characterized primarily by the fact that all wall and ceiling elements are highly thermally insulated, making such a passive house has a very low primary energy needs. Passivation is achieved, for example, by equipping conventional stone or concrete buildings with additional thermal insulation panels. Such a procedure to reach the standard of a passive house, is very time, material and costly. Moreover, in such houses, the walls are very thick, which reduces the habitable space.

Another conventional method for building such buildings is that first a skeleton, usually concrete skeleton or wooden skeleton, a building is built. Subsequently, walls are used, which are essentially formed of an insulating material, after which these walls are plastered. Even such a method has major disadvantages, since initially in a complex manner, the skeleton must be built. For this purpose, special tools are necessary, such as casting molds for a concrete skeleton, cranes and the like. Also, the construction of such a skeleton is very time consuming.

In contrast, a further developed process is in WO 2006/011818 A1 disclosed. According to such a building, the walls are formed of insulating material panels, in which a vertically centered tunnel is introduced. This tunnel is adapted to receive a supporting element such as a pillar. The individual panels are attached by means of this column to a floor.

However, such a building also has disadvantages. The introduction of the support elements in the channels is relatively complicated, especially when the walls are located on the first or higher floor. Also, the individual panels must first be held and fixed with special tools before the support elements can be introduced. In addition, the introduction of the hole in a panel is complicated and requires special tools.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for building building structures and a building, which is improved with respect to the prior art.

The invention solves the problem in a method of the type mentioned by the steps setting one or more foundations, setting up two or more functional elements on the foundation, wherein the functional elements are adapted to form walls of the building structure and wherein each functional element at least one section a receptacle for a support structure and in each case two horizontally adjacent functional elements together form one or more receptacles for one or more support structures for the building structure, and then introducing the support structure into the receptacle formed on the functional element.

According to this method, a foundation is preferably set first. Alternatively, this foundation already exists. Foundation in this sense is any conventionally known foundation, but it can also be a floor plate used, as well as a leveled ground or a variety of individual foundations. Subsequently, a functional element according to the invention is placed on the foundation or on the base plate or the like. The erection may also include attaching the functional element to the bottom plate. The functional element is preferably substantially rectangular and flat. It is preferably placed so that it can later form a wall of a building structure or a building. In this case, the functional element is designed such that at least one section of a receptacle for a support structure is arranged on at least one horizontally lateral end. Horizontal here refers to a horizontal direction in a wall oriented as usual. The at least one section of a receptacle is preferably formed as a recess. Particularly preferably, the recess is formed as a groove, which is oriented substantially perpendicular to the foundation after setting up the functional element. Subsequently or simultaneously, a second functional element is set up, on which a corresponding recess is arranged. Preferably, the second functional element is placed horizontally adjacent to the first functional element. In this case, the second functional element is set up so that the two recesses together form a receptacle for a supporting structure. In this recording, the support structure can be introduced in a next step. For example, if the supporting structure is made of a solid material such as wood, the supporting structure can also be introduced before the second functional element is arranged.

This method makes it very easy to build a building. The walls can be built largely without special tools. Each last placed functional element is supported by the last introduced support structure, so that no additional support devices are necessary. After the introduction of the supporting structures, a functional element is preferably arranged between in each case at least two supporting construction sections, so that the functional element does not additionally have to be supported against tilting or twisting. The functional elements are used to insulate the house and to cover the supporting structure. The functional elements are not load-bearing and can therefore be easily formed from, for example, an insulating material. Thus, the hand of the functional elements is much easier. There are no special hoists necessary and also Transportation to a construction site is much easier. In addition, the functional elements protect the supporting structure from environmental influences, such as weathering.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the method, the introduction of the supporting structure comprises pouring concrete. By introducing the supporting structure by means of casting, in particular by pouring concrete, the method is further simplified. To form two adjacent to each other corresponding functional elements with their recesses a mold for the support structure, in particular mold for concrete. Thus, when building a building or a building structure by means of the method according to the invention eliminates the complex prior construction of a concrete skeleton by means of special casting molds. The molds are formed by the functional elements and thus remain in the building. In addition, a good bonding of the adjacently erected functional elements is achieved by the casting of the concrete, so that they do not additionally need not be fixed against each other. As concrete, for example, conventional concrete can be used here or else fiber-reinforced concrete such as, for example, steel fiber reinforced concrete or plastic fiber reinforced concrete. Furthermore, reinforced concrete, polymer concrete, mineral casting, self-compacting concrete or glass foam concrete can be used. By choosing a concrete, the stability of a building to be built can be positively influenced. In addition, the size of the recesses and thus the size of the molds should be selected according to the concrete. Moreover, by eliminating the need to provide additional molds to form a support structure, material consumption is reduced, thereby saving the construction of such a building.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, this comprises the step of introducing reinforcements by drilling and inserting a connecting element into the foundation and connecting the reinforcement to the foundation, preferably by means of an adhesive connection. Reinforcements are particularly preferred if so the stability of a building to be built can be improved. Preferably, depending on the required stability, steel reinforcements are introduced into the concrete. Preferably, the reinforcements are connected to the bottom plate by a special adhesive method. Furthermore, the drilling and insertion of a connecting element or dowel takes place in the bottom plate during assembly of the functional elements. Complicated, particularly loaded or after assembly still to be machined supports, beams, or ties can also be made of metal, such as gray cast iron, steel, aluminum and the like, plastics or wood in addition to use come. In particular, it is preferable to first set up a functional element, then introduce the reinforcement into the lateral recess and connect it to the foundation, then erect the second functional element corresponding to the first, so that the two corresponding recesses together enclose the reinforcement and thus form a casting mold, after which concrete is poured into this receptacle in which the reinforcement is arranged. So it is particularly easy to bring in a reinforcement. The reinforcement does not have to be inserted into a recess or guided through a channel, but can simply be arranged next to a functional element. So it is easily possible to adjust a lateral distance between reinforcement and functional element accordingly. This can be done, for example, with special spacer elements, which are arranged between reinforcement and functional element. Preferably, the reinforcement is positively connected to the foundation. Alternatively preferably, a connecting element is positively connected to the foundation and the reinforcement is glued to this connecting element. Again, foundation refers not only to a continuous concrete foundation, but to any supporting device, such as a floor slab, a beam or the like.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the latter has the step of bonding a functional element with one or more adjacent functional elements during and / or after exhibiting. Particularly preferably, the step of bonding is carried out following the introduction of the reinforcement. Thus, two adjacent functional elements are coupled to one another prior to the introduction of the support structure in a simple manner, whereby, for example, the risk that two functional elements, which together form a receptacle for a support structure or a casting mold, are forced apart upon introduction of the support structure. Furthermore, an introduced support structure is even better protected, for example against ingress of liquid. In an alternative, it is further preferred first to set up a plurality of functional elements and to glue them together and then to introduce a support structure into a plurality of receptacles, in particular by means of casting concrete. In a further alternative, a multiplicity of functional elements are each initially set up alternately with a reinforcement and glued together, and then the supporting structure is introduced, in particular by means of casting concrete. Thus, a building or a building structure can be built even more efficient and time-saving.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the method comprises the step of introducing one or more receptacles in the functional element, which are formed as recesses on one or more surfaces of the functional element. Thus, it is possible according to the invention to adapt the functional elements on site, during construction of the building structure or of the building, to the given conditions. In particular, if the functional elements are formed of an insulating material, this is easy to perform, for example by means of a scraper or the like. Thus, it is also possible to provide only "blank" functional elements before the start of the method and to introduce a corresponding recess into the functional element before setting up a functional element, which can form a receptacle for a supporting structure together with a second corresponding functional element. Thus, the inventive method is further simplified and also the flexibility of the method is substantially increased.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the method comprises the step of producing one or more functional elements, in particular by means of foaming a plastic material. In particular, by means of a foamable insulating foam such functional elements are easy to produce. The production of functional elements can therefore be done on the site. So a transport of the building material is easy to carry out. In addition, the flexibility of the method is further increased because the functional elements can be produced as needed. The recesses, which form sections of a receptacle for a support structure, can be introduced directly in a foaming, or subsequently, for example by scraping, cutting, sawing or burning.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: applying plaster to a surface of a functional element, applying a plastic armor to the plaster, applying plaster to the armor reinforcement. Thus, functional elements, which are preferably formed from an insulating material, reinforced and permanently protected against environmental influences and other influences. It also significantly improves the look and feel of a building's structure. This step or steps may be performed prior to setting up a single functional element. In one alternative, the functional elements are already prepared so that they have corresponding coatings on at least one surface. In a further alternative, the steps are carried out after introduction of the supporting structure. In a further preferred alternative after introduction of the Support structure initially introduced supply facilities for the building to be built in the functional elements. Such utilities may include, for example, power lines, water pipes, telephone lines, and the like. Such supply devices can be easily introduced into the functional elements by inserting corresponding recesses into the functional elements. The following steps are preferably carried out: application of plaster, application of armor reinforcement and application of plaster to the armored armor. Panzerarmierung here includes any type of tissue filling, such as system reinforcement or the like. Alternatively, synthetic resin plaster layers or the like can also be used.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved in a functional element of the type mentioned above in that the functional element has two substantially planar sides, which are adapted to form wall surfaces of a building structure and has one or more functional sides, which have a receptacle formed as a recess and which is adapted to form at least a portion of a mold for a support structure, wherein the functional element is formed substantially of a material having a porous material structure and / or a fiber structure and preferably has a very low density. Such a functional element is preferably formed substantially rectangular, wherein the two flat sides are arranged opposite one another. Alternatively, such a functional element is curved, for example quarter-circle, formed. At least one functional side, a recess is arranged, which can cooperate with a second recess of a second functional element so that these functional elements together form a receptacle for a supporting structure. The recess is preferably formed as a groove. Preferably, the entire functional element is formed from a single material. Preferably, this material is homogeneous. In particular, this material is preferably a heat-insulating material. For example, the functional element is formed from a fiberglass material. In an alternative, the functional element on the substantially flat sides, which are adapted to form wall surfaces of a building structure, a plaster layer and / or a reinforcement or the like. In a further alternative, a functional element has two functional sides, on each of which a recess is arranged, wherein the two functional sides are opposite one another. In a further alternative, a functional element has two functional sides, wherein the functional sides are arranged at right angles to one another. In a further alternative, the functional element formed essentially triangular. According to such an embodiment, it is preferred to form at least one recess on the side which is formed in cross-section at the hypotenuse of the triangle. All these alternatives of the functional elements as well as other possibilities are particularly preferably used in a method of the type described above. Thus, a building or a building structure is particularly easy to build.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the functional element, this is formed from expanded polystyrene rigid foam (EPS) and / or has a heat transfer coefficient of less than 0.05 W / mK. That is, preferably, the functional element, which may be formed as an insulating element, a high thermal resistance. Preferably, it has a low vapor diffusion factor. Thus, a building to be erected by means of these functional elements can be designed as a passive house or as a low energy house. Expanded polystyrene rigid foam is particularly preferred because it is particularly well suited as a building wall, has a high heat transfer resistance and is easy to shape. As a result, functional elements which are formed from polystyrene hard foam can preferably be used to form casting molds for a concrete support structure.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the functional element, the receptacle, which is formed as a recess, formed as a rectangular groove, wherein the corners have a corner radius in a range between 10 mm and 50 mm. Particularly preferred are the corner radii in a range between 20 mm and 40 mm. Particularly preferred are the corner radii equal to 35 mm. Alternatively, the recess is semicircular, oval, conical or formed as a combination of these shapes or as another shape. Alternatively, the groove has a variable cross section in a longitudinal direction.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved in a building of the aforementioned type, which is designed in particular as a passive house or low energy house, with a foundation, walls and a supporting structure in that the walls are formed from one or more functional elements, which a section-wise receptacle for the support structure, wherein the receptacle is formed as a arranged on a side surface recess. Such a building is advantageously constructed in particular using a method as described above, with the advantages referred to above. Particularly preferably, the walls are formed from one or more functional elements, which are formed according to the functional elements described above. For the benefits, reference is made above. Preferably, the ceilings of such a building from functional elements of the above type are formed. The support structure is preferably made up of supports, girders and the like. In particular, the support structure may for example also include a ring anchor for a floor or roof construction. Such a ring anchor is preferably arranged in a receptacle which is formed by the functional elements.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the building, the supporting structure is formed as a skeleton, in particular concrete skeleton. In such a skeleton construction, the forces are essentially passed over the skeletal support structure, while the walls of the building are non-bearing. Thus, it is possible to form the walls of a lightweight, porous insulating material such as expanded polystyrene foam. As a result, the thermal insulation of a building according to the invention can be substantially increased, whereby the energy consumption of such a building is substantially reduced. Particularly preferably, the support structure is designed as a concrete skeleton, which is poured into the recesses on the functional elements. Such a skeleton is very easy to build and can be done essentially without special tools by hand on a construction site.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the building, two or more adjacent functional elements each form a casting mold for a supporting structure. Thus, a mold is formed particularly simple. In addition, functional elements are advantageously held together by the cast material.

The invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments with the aid of the accompanying drawings.

• Figur 1 den allgemeinen Aufbau eines Funktionselements,
• Figur 2a eine Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Funktionselements gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 2b eine weitere Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Funktionselements gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 2c eine perspektivische Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiels;
• Figur 3a eine erste Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Funktionselements gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 3b eine zweite Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 3c eine perspektivische Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 4a eine erste Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Funktionselements gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 4b eine zweite Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 4c eine perspektivische Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiels;
• Figur 5a eine erste Ansicht eines Funktionselements gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 5b eine zweite Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 5c eine perspektivische Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 6 eine erfindungsgemäße Gebäudestruktur gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 7 eine Gebäudestruktur gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 8 eine Gebäudestruktur gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 9 eine Gebäudestruktur gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 10 eine Gebäudestruktur gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 11 eine Gebäudestruktur gemäß einem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 12a eine erste Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Funktionselements gemäß einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 12b eine zweite Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 13a eine erste Ansicht eines Funktionselements gemäß einem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 13b eine zweite Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem sechsten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 14a eine erste Ansicht eines Funktionselements gemäß einem siebten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 14b eine zweite Ansicht des Funktionselements gemäß dem siebten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• Figur 15a eine Gebäudestruktur gemäß einem siebten Beispiel;
• Figur 15b eine zweite Ansicht der Gebäudestruktur gemäß dem siebten Beispiel;
• Figur 16a einen ersten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Figur 16b einen zweiten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Figur 16c einen dritten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Figur 16d einen vierten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Figur 16e einen fünften Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Figur 16f einen sechsten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Figur 16g einen siebten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
• Figur 16h einen achten Schritt eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens; und
• Figur 16i eine Teilschnittdarstellung.

Show it:

• FIG. 1 the general structure of a functional element,
• FIG. 2a a view of a functional element according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
• FIG. 2b a further view of the functional element according to the invention according to the first embodiment;
• Figure 2c a perspective view of the functional element according to the first embodiment;
• FIG. 3a a first view of a functional element according to the invention according to a second embodiment;
• FIG. 3b a second view of the functional element according to the second embodiment;
• Figure 3c a perspective view of the functional element according to the second embodiment;
• FIG. 4a a first view of a functional element according to the invention according to a third embodiment;
• FIG. 4b a second view of the functional element according to the third embodiment;
• Figure 4c a perspective view of the functional element according to the third embodiment;
• FIG. 5a a first view of a functional element according to a fourth embodiment;
• FIG. 5b a second view of the functional element according to the fourth embodiment;
• FIG. 5c a perspective view of the functional element according to the fourth embodiment;
• FIG. 6 a building structure according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
• FIG. 7 a building structure according to a second embodiment;
• FIG. 8 a building structure according to a third embodiment;
• FIG. 9 a building structure according to a fourth embodiment;
• FIG. 10 a building structure according to a fifth embodiment;
• FIG. 11 a building structure according to a sixth embodiment;
• FIG. 12a a first view of a functional element according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment;
• FIG. 12b a second view of the functional element according to the fifth embodiment;
• FIG. 13a a first view of a functional element according to a sixth embodiment;
• FIG. 13b a second view of the functional element according to the sixth embodiment;
• Figure 14a a first view of a functional element according to a seventh embodiment;
• FIG. 14b a second view of the functional element according to the seventh embodiment;
• FIG. 15a a building structure according to a seventh example;
• FIG. 15b a second view of the building structure according to the seventh example;
• FIG. 16a a first step of a method according to the invention;
• FIG. 16b a second step of a method according to the invention;
• FIG. 16c a third step of a method according to the invention;
• FIG. 16d a fourth step of a method according to the invention;
• FIG. 16e a fifth step of a method according to the invention;
• FIG. 16f a sixth step of a method according to the invention;
• FIG. 16g a seventh step of a method according to the invention;
• FIG. 16h an eighth step of a method according to the invention; and
• FIG. 16i a partial sectional view.

In the following, the same and corresponding elements are given the same reference numerals.

• Außenwand, einwandig (in der Regel). Ein Wanddickenmaß ist vorzugsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 300 mm und 400 mm.
• Innenwand, einwandig. Ein Wanddickenmaß ist vorzugsweise 150 mm oder größer.
• Innenwand, zweiwandig. Zwei gleich dicke Wände (vorzugsweise 150 mm) werden mit einem Lückenabstand von vorzugsweise 5 mm bis 20 mm aufgestellt zum Verbessern einer Schallisolation kann diese Lücke beispielsweise mit einem Zwischenschichtaufbau mit Kernschalldämmung versehen werden.

According to the general structure of a functional element 1 ( FIG. 1 This is preferably formed of seven layers: a middle layer 104 is formed of an insulating material consisting of materials having a very porous material structure or a fiber structure and very low material densities. Preferably, this core is formed of expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) or mineral building materials or the like. On each side of the core 104, a plaster or mortar layer 103, 105 is applied. This layer can also be omitted depending on the application. On this plaster or mortar layer 103, 105 a reinforcement 102, 106 is arranged on each side. This reinforcement 102, 104 serves to increase the strength of a building wall, which is formed by means of such a functional element 1. On this reinforcement 102, 106, a further plaster layer or a surface protection 101, 107 is applied. This protection can be made of any material, such as stone, plaster, wood, metal, plastic, plaster or the like. Depending on the nature of this surface protection 101, 107, the reinforcement 102, 106 may also be omitted. The two arrows 108, 109 point perpendicularly to an extension of the functional element 1 and point outwardly 108 or inwardly 109. Accordingly, walls which are arranged within a building are substantially identical to walls which have an outer wall and an inner wall. A distinction is also made in the construction according to the method between the outer and inner walls. Both wall types are formed from the functional elements 1 described below. However, it is not distinguished between load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls, since the supporting structure is given by the skeleton construction. Because of the insulation and the acoustics to the outside or within a building is preferably distinguished as follows:

• Exterior wall, single-walled (usually). A wall thickness is preferably in a range between 300 mm and 400 mm.
• Inner wall, single-walled. A wall thickness is preferably 150 mm or larger.
• Interior wall, two-walled. Two equally thick walls (preferably 150 mm) are set up with a gap spacing of preferably 5 mm to 20 mm. To improve sound insulation, this gap can be provided, for example, with an intermediate layer structure with core sound insulation.

In the FIGS. 2a to 5c At first different embodiments of functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are shown individually. How these functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d can interact to form a building structure is subsequently in FIGS. 8 to 11 shown.

A functional element 1a according to the FIGS. 2a to 2c is substantially cuboid shaped and has two recesses 2, 4, which are formed as a rectangular groove. This functional element 1a is a wall element with Dämmfunktion and also serves the formation of two half-columns. The two grooves 2, 4 are arranged on adjacent sides parallel to each other. This functional element 1a according to the FIGS. 2a to 2c is used as a corner connection.

In both rectangular grooves 2, 4, the corners are provided with a radius R. This radius R is preferably 35 mm.

Another functional element 1b has according to FIGS. 3a to 3c on each of three sides a recess 2, 4, 6. In this case, the two recesses 2, 4 are arranged to form together with further functional elements a receptacle for a support structure such as a support beam. Recess 6 is set up to to form a receptacle for a ring anchor. This functional element 1 b is a center piece and can be used, for example, as the upper end element of a building wall.

In a further embodiment ( FIGS. 4a to 4c ) is a functional element 1c again formed substantially cuboid. The functional element 1c according to this embodiment has four recesses 2, 4, 6, 8. Of these recesses 2, 4, 6, 8 extend only two pieces 2, 8 over an entire page and two recesses 4, 6 extend only partially over one side. This functional element 1c ( FIGS. 4a to 4c ) can be used, for example, as an upper terminating element in a wall or as a corner connection. The recesses 2, 8 serve with adjacent functional elements in each case to form a receptacle for a support carrier, the recesses 4, 6 serve to form a receptacle for a ring anchor.

Another embodiment of a functional element 1d ( FIGS. 5a to 5c ) again shows a functional element 1d, which is cuboidal. This functional element has only one recess 2, which is designed as a rectangular groove. This functional element is an end piece and can be used, for example, to form an opening in a wall, for example for a door.

According to FIG. 8 is a building construction 20 according to a first embodiment of a total of nine functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c formed. This building structure 20 is designed as a building corner. The wall height is achieved by stacking three functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c. The corner is formed by the corner connections 1a, 1c. The individual functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c can be glued together at their horizontal connection points 28 and vertical connection points 26. The building structure 20 has a total of two receptacles 22a, 22b for a support structure. In each case a receptacle 22a, 22b is bounded radially by two functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c. For this purpose, the functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c are arranged so that the corresponding recesses 2, 4, 6, 8 (cf. FIGS. 2a to 5c ) correspond with each other. At two horizontal ends, the building structure 20 each has a recess 24a, 24b which is formed in the axial direction by three stacked functional elements 1a, 1b, 1c and is adapted to cooperate with other functional elements to form a receptacle for a support structure , At an upper end a recess 6 is arranged, which overall corresponds to the angular course of the building structure 20. This recess 6 is adapted to form a receptacle for a ring anchor.

While the building structure 20 according to FIG. 6 is essentially formed of two legs 21, 23 is in FIG. 7 only the first leg 21 is shown. This leg 21 of the building structure 20 is formed of six functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c. It has a receptacle 22 for a supporting structure, which is formed by horizontally juxtaposed functional elements 1, 1a, 1b, 1c.

According to FIG. 8 a further variant of a building structure 20 is shown, which forms a wall passage 30, which can be used for example as a door or window opening. For this purpose, a receptacle 22b for the support structure is formed by the juxtaposition of a standard mean function element 1 and a short functional element 1d. Thus, a wall opening 30 can be supported substantially on both sides by a support beam of a supporting structure.

According to a further embodiment ( FIG. 9 ) of the building structure 20, this is shown in a mounted with a bottom 44, 46, 48 state. The building structure 20 is arranged on a foundation 42. With the foundation 42, a support beam 40 of a support structure is connected at a junction 41. The building structure 20 is again in accordance with a FIGS. 6 . 7 similarly formed. The room floor 44, 46, 48 is here formed of a heat insulation layer 44, a Estrichtschicht 46 and a floor covering 48. The heat insulating layer 44 may be formed of foam material plates of 10 to 150 mm in thickness, for example. The screed layer 46 preferably has a thickness of 40 to 60 mm. The floor covering 48 may be formed, for example, as a parquet floor. At the junction 41, a reinforcement located in the concrete (not shown) with connecting elements or dowels (also not shown) with the foundation or the bottom plate 42 is connected.

According to FIG. 10 For example, a building structure 20 similar to the building structure 20 according to FIG FIG. 8 is trained. In turn, it has a passage 30 for, for example, a door or a window. For this purpose, the building structure 20 is closed laterally by the passage 30 by means of functional elements 1d, which are designed as end pieces. These form together with other functional elements, the receptacle 22 for a support structure. In an upper portion above the functional element 1b a ring anchor 50 is arranged. The ring anchor 50 is at the top with a End provided 52, which can serve as a connection for example, a roof construction. On one side, the building structure 20 is formed with an intermediate layer 106 and a plaster layer 107. The intermediate layer 106 may be, for example, a Panzerarmierung plastic.

A building construction 20 with a ceiling structure 53 is according to FIG. 11 shown. The ceiling construction 53 is supported on a functional element 1b, which has a recess into which a ring anchor 50 is inserted. The ceiling structure 53 consists essentially of ceiling beams 57, which are bolted to the connecting element 52. Between the individual ceiling beams 57 elements 58 of insulating material, such as expanded polystyrene foam are arranged. Below the beams 57 and the elements 58, a plate 54 is also made of insulating material, such as expanded polystyrene foam. Below this plate 54 in turn a Panzerarmierung 55 and a plaster layer 56 is arranged. Thus, a room aesthetic of a lying below the ceiling structure 53 space is positively influenced.

According to FIGS. 12a and 12b a further alternative of a functional element 1e is shown. The functional element 1e has a total wall height and is composed of two partial elements 10e, 11e. These sub-elements 10e, 11e are substantially triangular in cross-section. At the hypotenuse of the two triangles, a respective recess 3, 5 is arranged, which together form a receptacle for a diagonally arranged support structure. Further, a vertically disposed recess 2, 4 is arranged on both horizontal sides, which is adapted to form a receptacle for a supporting structure with horizontally adjacent functional elements. Such a diagonal recording can also be easily introduced on a construction site by a functional element, such as the functional element 1g according to FIGS. 14a, 14b is divided diagonally, then the recesses 3, 5 are introduced and the functional element is reassembled. This makes it possible to use a functional element to easily direct diagonal forces into the foundation.

According to FIGS. 13a, 13b a further alternative of a functional element 1f is shown, which can be used as a corner connection. In contrast to a corner connection 1a according to FIGS. 2a to 2c , a corner terminal 1f is according to FIGS. 13a, 13b designed so that one side is chamfered. On this bevelled side is the recess 4 arranged. The functional element 1f is set up to cooperate with a further functional element with a beveled side via the bevelled side in which the recess 4 is arranged, in order to form a receptacle for a supporting structure. If a building corner is formed by means of two such functional elements 1f, the receptacle, which is formed by means of the recess 4, lies exactly in the section axis of the planes formed by the walls. Thus, acting in the plane forces can be better derived in the support structure as, for example, in a building construction according to FIG. 9 ,

The functional elements 1e, 1f, 1g, which in the Figures 12a to 14b are shown individually, are according to FIGS. 15a, 15b arranged to a building structure 20. The building structure 20 is formed from five functional elements 1f, 1g, 1h, the functional element 1h representing a combination of the functional elements 1e and 1f. The lateral recesses 2, 4 of the functional elements 1e, 1f, 1g are formed according to this embodiment as a semi-circular grooves. Are the functional elements 1e, 1f, 1g as in FIGS. 15a, 15b shown horizontally juxtaposed, the corresponding recesses 2, 4 each act together so that they together form a substantially cylindrical receptacle for receiving a support structure 40. According to FIGS. 15a, 15b the support structure 40 is already arranged in each case in a receptacle formed. At the horizontal ends of the building structure 20 semicircular recesses 24a, 24b are arranged, which are adapted to form with further functional elements to be arranged a receptacle for a support structure. Furthermore, a recess 6 is arranged in a vertically upper portion of the building structure 20, which is adapted to receive a ring anchor. By the functional elements 1 h, 1 f, which are formed as a corner terminal and together form a corner of the building structure 20, are chamfered on one side, it is easily possible to arrange a portion of the support structure 40 so that this substantially at the cutting edge of lies through the functional elements 1h, 1f formed levels. Thus, a horizontal lateral displacement of the functional elements 1 h, 1f effectively prevented.

The sequence of a method according to the invention for erecting building structures 20, in particular buildings, is described below with reference to FIG FIGS. 16a to 16h shown. A functional element 1, on which no recesses are yet arranged ( FIG. 16a ), is placed on a foundation 42. Preferably, the functional element 1 has a vertical height which corresponds to the height of a building wall to be erected. The connection to the foundation 42 can be done by conventional means. Preferably by means of an adhesive connection. Subsequently, the horizontal side recesses 2, 4 can be introduced, for example by means of scraping, cutting, sawing, burning or the like. Alternatively, as in FIG. 16d represented, an already prepared functional element 1 on which lateral recesses 2, 4 were arranged before setting up were placed on the foundation 42.

According to FIG. 16c For example, at the next step, a horizontally extending recess 6 arranged vertically above can be arranged on the functional element 1, which is set up to receive a ring anchor for a building structure. Alternatively, this recess 6 is already prepared on a functional element before setting up.

If the functional element 1 is arranged on the foundation 42 in a corresponding manner, a second functional element 1 is arranged horizontally next to the first functional element 1 such that two recesses 2, 4 together form a receptacle 22 for a supporting structure. This arrangement of the functional elements is very simple and straightforward. Preferably, two functional elements with a mounting adhesive, for example, a commercial adhesive, which is suitable for the material from which the functional elements 1 are formed connected. In this case, it is preferable to ensure that no gaps or openings occur at the connection point. Such gaps and openings can also be filled with the assembly adhesive, or with special foam material. The connection between two functional elements requires no special strength requirement. Preferably, however, the adhesive connection is formed so that a later filling of the receptacle 22 with, for example, concrete does not lead to a separation of two juxtaposed functional elements 1. Alternatively, the functional elements 1 can be held together by means of clamping elements.

In order to increase the stability of a building structure 20 or of a building to be erected, reinforcements 60, 70 (FIG. 5) can additionally be inserted into the receptacles 22 and / or the horizontally arranged recess 6. FIGS. 16e, 16f ) are introduced. The reinforcements 60 are here formed of a plurality of metal rods, which are interconnected by means of a ring. These reinforcements 60 can be inserted into a receptacle 22 after bonding two functional elements 1 together. Especially preferred However, it is first to arrange a functional element 1 on a foundation 42, then in a recess 2, 4 to arrange a reinforcement 60, to attach the reinforcement to the foundation and then to arrange a second functional element 1 so that recesses 2, 4 together a receptacle 22nd form and enclose the reinforcement 60. Thus it can be ensured that a probing radially maintains a desired distance to a surface of the functional element 1, whereby the stability of a building to be erected is positively influenced. In addition, the method is considerably simplified because no hoists are necessary to introduce the reinforcement from above into a receptacle 22. Further, this is further advantageous because when inserting a reinforcement in a receptacle 22, a functional element 1 can be damaged. If the reinforcement 60 is arranged on the foundation 42 before the joining of two functional elements 1, damage to functional elements 1 can be largely avoided.

As well as the vertical reinforcements 60 can be introduced ( FIG. 16e ) can be introduced into the horizontally extending recess 6 a probation 70 for a ring anchor ( FIG. 16f ). However, this is preferably introduced following complete erection of a plurality of adjacent functional elements 1.

According to FIG. 16g the reinforcements 60 for the vertical support structures 40 and the reinforcement 70 for a ring anchor are completely arranged in the recesses 2, 4, 6 and the receptacle 22. Following this placing and securing of the reinforcement 60, 70, the step of placing the support structure may preferably be carried out by pouring concrete. Of course, concrete is poured only in such recesses, which together with adjacent functional elements 1 form a receptacle 22.

The building construction 20 is according to FIG. 16h shown in a state in which concrete has already been poured. Thus, in the building structure 20, a support structure 40, 50, consisting of vertically arranged support beams 40 and a horizontally arranged ring anchor 50 is introduced. Once the concrete has dried and solidified, the building structure 20 is completely built and can be used. Preferably, the side surfaces of the functional elements 1, as shown in FIG FIG. 1 represented, applied to various protective layers.

In the sectional view through the building structure 20, which according to a method according to the FIGS. 16a to 16h was erected, the skeleton of the support structure 40, 42, 50 can be seen. According to this embodiment (16i), the functional elements 1 according to the functional elements 1h according to FIGS. 14a to 15b educated. As a result, it is also possible to introduce diagonal support structures 45 into a building structure 20.

Claims (15)

Method of constructing building structures (20), in particular buildings, comprising the steps of: - placing one or more foundations (42); - Setting up two or more functional elements (1) on the foundation (42), wherein the functional elements (1) are adapted to form walls of the building structure (20), and each functional element (1) at least a portion of a receptacle (22) for a support structure (40) and in each case two horizontally adjacent functional elements (1) together form one or more receptacles (22) for one or more supporting structures (40) for the building structure (20); - Introducing the support structure (40) in the on the functional element (1) formed receptacle. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the introduction of the support structure (40) comprises pouring concrete. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized by introducing reinforcements (60) by means of: - Drilling and insertion of a connecting element in the foundation (42); - Connecting the reinforcements (60) with the foundation (42), preferably by means of an adhesive bond. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by bonding a functional element (1) with one or more adjacent functional elements (1) during and / or after installation. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by introducing one or more receptacles (2, 4, 6, 8) in the functional element (1), which are formed as recesses (2, 4, 6, 8) on one or more surfaces of the functional element (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by producing one or more functional elements (1), in particular by means of foaming a plastic material. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by : - Applying plaster (103, 105) on a surface of a functional element (1, 104); - Applying a Panzerarmierung (102, 106) made of plastic on the plaster (103, 105); - Applying plaster (101, 107) on the armor reinforcement (102, 106). Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the functional element (1) according to one of claims 9 - 11 is formed. Functional element, in particular for use in a method according to any one of claims 1-8 and / or a building according to any one of claims 12-15,
with two substantially flat sides, which are adapted to form wall surfaces of a building structure (20), and
one or more functional sides, which have a receptacle (2, 4, 6, 8) which is formed as a recess (2, 4, 6, 8) and which is adapted to at least a portion of a casting mold (22) for a supporting structure ( 40),
wherein the functional element (1) is substantially formed of a material having a porous material structure and / or a fiber structure and preferably has a very low density. Functional element according to claim 9,
characterized in that the material is expanded polystyrene foam and / or has a heat transfer coefficient less than 0.05 W / mK. Functional element according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized in that the receptacle (2, 4, 6, 8) is formed as a rectangular groove, wherein the corners have a corner radius (R) in a range between 10mm and 50mm. Building, which is designed in particular as a passive house, with a foundation, walls and a supporting structure (40),
wherein the walls are formed from one or more functional elements (1), which have a section-wise receptacle for the supporting structure (40), wherein the receptacle is formed as a recess arranged on a lateral surface. Building according to claim 12,
characterized in that the supporting structure (40) as a skeleton (40), in particular concrete skeleton is formed. Building according to one of claims 12-13,
characterized in that each two or more adjacent functional elements (1) form a casting mold (22) for a supporting structure (40). Building according to one of claims 12-14,
characterized in that the functional elements (1) are formed according to claims 9-11.

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