AP572A - Alkali-treated bagasse, and its preparation and uses. - Google Patents

Alkali-treated bagasse, and its preparation and uses. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
AP572A
AP572A APAP/P/1994/000707A AP9400707A AP572A AP 572 A AP572 A AP 572A AP 9400707 A AP9400707 A AP 9400707A AP 572 A AP572 A AP 572A
Authority
AP
ARIPO
Prior art keywords
bagasse
alkali
treated
feed
fermented
Prior art date
Application number
APAP/P/1994/000707A
Other versions
AP9400707A0 (en
Inventor
Satoshi Iritani
Masakazu Mitsuhashi
Hiroto Chaen
Toshio Miyake
Original Assignee
Kabushi Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kabushi Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo filed Critical Kabushi Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo
Publication of AP9400707A0 publication Critical patent/AP9400707A0/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AP572A publication Critical patent/AP572A/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/32—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from hydrolysates of wood or straw
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/21—Streptococcus, lactococcus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/41—Pediococcus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/46—Streptococcus ; Enterococcus; Lactococcus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
    • Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an alkali-treated

Description

ALKALI-TREATED BAGASSE, AND ITS PREPARATION AND USES
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an alkali-treated bagasse and its preparation and uses, more particularly to an alkali-treated bagasse whose structure is softened while preventing the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose, and a bagasse feed and a fermented bagasse feed prepared from said alkali-treated bagasse, as well as to their preparation and uses, and to a microorganism utilizable for fermenting said alkali-treated bagasse.
2. Description of the prior art
Although having been utilized in part as a fuel source, bagasse is a squeezed waste of sugar cane which contains a vast of cellulose and hemicellulose and could not find-other useful applications. The problem is that more than 100 million tons of bagasse exhausted annually worldwide have been still unutilized.
( On the other hand, livestock fed with grass, or ' ruminants like cattle and sheep assimilate cellulose and hemicellulose of plants in nature, different from monogastric animals like human being, pig and poultry, and further utilize physiologically said cellulose and hemicellulose as an energy source.
Recently, the consumption of livestock products like beeves and dairy products has been increased so that an intensive livestock farming system has been remarkably developed to breed a lot of cattle standing in the same direction together in a small shed, and said intensive livestock farming system has tightened the supply of feed grass sufficient for breeding and also has led the rapid increase of the demand for roughage containing cellulose and hemicellulose substitutable for feed grass.
There were many studies to utilize bagasse as roughage for a long time, however, in addition of cellulose and hemicellulose, bagasse contains a considerable amount of lignin having a tight linkage with fibre like cellulose and said linkage tightens the structure of bagasse likely bamboo. When ruminants could assimilate bagasse itself, the digestibility of bagasse for ruminants is relatively low and the taste and nutrient value of bagasse for ruminants is very unpreferable. It is known that, when cattle assimilate a raw bagasse, it causes a danger that pieces of said bagasse could be stuck into the walls of cattle's rumen.
For improving a nutrient value of bagasse, there were many proposals of increasing the digestibility of bagasse by decomposing lignin to soften the structure of bagasse. Most of said proposals comprise treating bagasse with an alkaline reagent and succeedingly fermenting the resultant alkalitreated bagasse. In such alkali treatment, as described in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, volume 26, pp. 426 - 433 (1984), it is known to use an alkaline reagent sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide as well as sodium carbonate. In the fermentation of an alkali-treated bagasse, for instance, as described in Animal Feed Science and Technology, volume 9, pp. 1 - 17 (1983), an ensilage of an
AP/P/ 9 4 / 00 70 7 alkali-treated bagasse with sodium hydroxide is knows.
We eagerly studied these conventional methods and found that in the case of an alkali treatment with sodium hydroxide, because of its strong alkalinity, a relatively small amount of sodium hydroxide was allowed to hold the pH of bagasse mixtures to a relatively-high level so that lignin was readily decomposed to soften the structure of bagasse without readily decomposing cellulose and hemicellulose necessary for roughage. In addition, it was found that the pH level of alkali-treated bagasse was decreased, specifically, said pH level was decreased very gradually over a long period of time to the range wherein lactic acid bacteria were proliferative, and further that a long period of 25 to 90 days was required for preparing a fermented bagasse feed from said alkali-treated bagasse. It was found that, in order to avoid said disadvantage and to increase rapidly the pH level of alkali-treated * bagasse, said alkali-treated bagasse should be neutralized with an acid solution and there were many other drawbacks in conventional methods.
It was found that in the case of using calcium t hydroxide and sodium carbonate, because of their relatively weak alkalinity, the amounts of alkaline reagents used was increased to the level of about 12 to 30 w/w % to bagasse, d.s.b. (the wording of w/w % as referred to the invention will be abbreviated as hereinafter), the cost of alkali treatment was raised and ruminants consuming excessively alkaline reagents desired a large amount of water so that they should excrete much amount of urine. Therefore it was found that the conventional alkali treatment has an extreme drawback to affect physiologically ruminants.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides an alkali-treated bagasse overcoming the above drawbacks and its uses, and considering a vast of demands for said bagasse, the present invention provides a preparation of said bagasse readily at f a relatively-low cost and in a relatively-short period.
We, in order to overcome the above object, have studied eagerly with paying their attention to an alkaline reagent as utilized in an alkali treatment of bagasse. As a result, we unexpectedly found that using calcium oxide having not been considered conventionally is suitable for the production of an alkali-treated bagasse and also preferable for the preparation of a fermented bagasse feed from said alkali-treated bagasse, and accomplished the present invention.
Furthermore, we found that using as alkaline reagents sodium hydroxide together with calcium oxide is far more ( suitable than and in no way inferior to using only calcium oxide and further is preferable for the preparation of an alkali-treated bagasse as well as a fermented bagasse feed using said alkali-treated bagasse, and accomplished the present invention.
AP/P/ 94/00707
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention utilizing calcium oxide together with or without sodium hydroxide as alkaline reagents for an alkali-treatment of bagasse has the several characteristics of (1) producing an alkali-treated bagasse softened its structure without almost decomposing cellulose and hemicellulose as an effective component of bagasse; (2) attaining the object of an alkali-treatment by using a relatively-small amount of an alkaline reagent in a relatively-short period because calcium oxide is an active alkaline reagent or absorbs water and is exothermic enough to promote alkali reaction; (3) inoculating a seed culture of a lactic acid bacterium in an early stage without neutralization by acid because the pH level of an alkalitreated bagasse is decreased relatively rapidly; (4) suitable for a large-scale production of an alkali-treated bagasse and a fermented bagasse feed using said alkalitreated bagasse because of easily controllable, short-period and relatively costless production; (5) preferable nutritionally for ruminants because a relatively-small ' amount of alkaline reagents to bagasse is used without considering the excess intake of alkaline reagents and because the nutritive value of bagasse is intensified by adding thereto an appropriate amount of calcium or minerals; and further (6) a fermented bagasse feed obtainable by the present invention has a relatively-high quality and excellent digestibility and good taste, and (7) an alkalitreated bagasse obtained and a bagasse feed as well as a fermented bagasse feed prepared from said alkali-treated bagasse is usable preferably as a livestock's feed as well . t 9 / ί.
as an organic fertilizer.
The present invention is explained in detail as follows :
A bagasse usable in the present invention includes those having a water content of about 40 to 50% as exhausted in sugar refineries, if necessary, a dried and stored bagasse is usable. A preferable water content coexisted in an alkali-treatment is in the range from the lower limit wherein both bagasse and alkaline reagents could be mixed sufficiently to the upper limit wherein an alkali solution is prevented from leaking out of an alkali-treated bagasse. Specifically, the water content of about 40 to 90%, desirably, that of about 45 to 80% is more suitable.
As to the calcium oxide usable in the present invention, those having a higher activity, namely, those free of water as less as possible are desirable, which can be selected in granule or· powder, if necessary. The amount of calcium oxide suitably used in the invention is in the range of not exceeding 5% to bagasse, preferably, in the range of 2 to 4%, on a dry solid basis (d.s.b.). The amount (7 of sodium hydroxide suitably used in the invention is in the r range of not exceeding the amount of the calcium oxide, preferably, not more than 3%.
In the case of adding alkaline reagents to a bagasse under the coexistence of water, any method of mixing alkaline reagents with the bagasse containing a certain amount of water can be favorably employed, for example, at first, bagasse is macerated and succeedingly mixed with alkaline reagents, or vice versa ad libitum. These procedures can be conducted at an ambient temperature, usually, a temperature in the range of about 10 to 35:C.
The initial pH level of the bagasse thus obtained is usually not less than about pH 10.3, favorably, in the range of about pH 10.5 to 12, and by allowing said bagasse to stand at an ambient temperature, an alkali-treated bagasse having not more than pH 10, preferably, not more than pH 9.5 is readily obtainable, and thus the object of alkalitreatment is attained in a short time of about 10 to 40 , hours.
The alkali-treated bagasse thus obtained is softened without substantially damaging cellulose and hemicellulose, particularly, in the case of using calcium oxide together with sodium hydroxide, in comparison of the single use of calcium oxide, the alkali-treated bagasse is decomposed its lignin to soften further its structure without substantially damaging cellulose and hemicellulose, and is a·· suitable raw material of a fermented bagasse feed. The alkali-treated bagasse can be advantageously used, without fermentation, as various feed by mixing it with such nutrients as an energy source like molasses and organic acid and protein like a de<' fatted soybean and a cottonseed lees.
We found that the alkali-treated bagasse or a bagasse feed obtainable by blending said alkali-treated bagasse with various nutrients is suitable as an organic fertilizer which is appropriately decomposed in soil and exhibits remarkably its ability of providing a nutrient supplement to soil and of improving conditions as well as humidity of soil. In case that the alkali-treated bagasse or the bagasse feed is utilized as a fertilizer, a relatively-small amount of the bagasse or the feed, usually selected from the range of about 40 to 500 kg in 10 are, can be scattered in soil, which is variable dependently on the composition of the bagasse or the feed, conditions of soil and the kind of crops to be grown.
For the purpose of preparing a fermented bagasse feed from an alkali-treated bagasse, said purpose is easily attainable by fermenting the alkali-treated bagasse naturally, preferably, by adding a seed culture of lactic acid bacteria and nutrients to the alkali-treated bagasse and then fermenting the mixture after or immediately before the pH level of the alkali-treated bagasse decreases to a pH range wherein a seed culture of lactic acid bacteria proliferates. In such a case, if necessary, an alkalitreated bagasse can be partially neutralized with an acid solution to meet the minimum pH level for the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria inoculated.
The lactic acid bacteria usable in the present invention include those capable of fermenting in the medium containing an alkali-treated bagasse, for instance, those of the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus. Streptococcus and Pediococcus are preferable. Specifically, Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM BP-4504) belonging to the genus Enterococcus newly isolated by the present inventors, which is proliferative in alkali solutions of not less than pH 9.5 or in high concentration saline solutions containing 6.5% sodium chloride and further produce lactic acid to decrease the pH of the alkali-treated bagasse, is suitable for
ARP/ 9 4 / 0 0 7 0 7 preparing a fermented bagasse having a highly increased preference .
We found that the present microorganism is capable of proliferating in alkaline nutrient media of not more than pH 10 containing an alkali-treated bagasse, desirably, those having a pH not less than 9 to a pH not more than 10, more desirably, not less than 9.5 to a pH not more than 10, and said microorganism can be seeded at a relatively early stage wherein the pH decrease of alkali-treated bagasse is close to pH 10, in other words, a desirable alkali treatment period can be usually 1 to 2 days or less. Furthermore the microorganism is characterized in that it satisfactorily shortens the preparation period of a fermented bagasse feed to about 3 to 6 days. When inoculated into the above alkali-treated bagasse with calcium oxide whose pH level readily decreases, the microorganism advantageously shortens the production period of fermented bagasse feeds.
The results of identification study of the microorganism, the genera Enterococcus HL-5 newly isolated from ensiled corns by the present inventors, are·shown as follows. The identification study was conducted according to Biseibutsu no Bunrui to Doutei (Classification and Identification of Microorganism)(Edited by Hasegawa,
Gakujyutsu Shutsupan Center, 1985).
[A. Morphology] (1) Characteristics of cells when incubated at 37°C in MRS agar
Usually existing in a coccus form of 0.9 to
1.2 pm; ----—Existing in a coupled- or short linked-form;
Motility: Negative;
Asporogenicity; and Gram stain : Positive.
(2) Characteristics of cells when incubated at 37°C in PG agar
Usually existing in a coccus form of 0.9 to 1.2μπ;
Existing in a coupled- or short linked-form;
Motility: Negative Asporogenicity; and Gram stain : Positive.
[B. Cultural properties] (1) Characteristics of colony formed when incubated at 37°C in MRS agar plate Shape : Circular colony having a diameter of about 1 to 2mm after 3 days incubation;
Rim : Entire;
Projection : Hemispherical shape;
Gloss : Wet-look gloss;
Surface : Smooth; and
Color : Milk white and semitransparent.
(2) Not liquefying MRS gelatin when stab cultured at 37°C.
(3) Forming acid and gelatinizing litmus milk when incubated therein at 37°C.
[C. Physiological properties] (1) Catalase : Negative AP,P, 9 4/ 00 70 7 (2) ί 3 ) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) (13) (14)
Oxidase :
Liquefaction of gelatin Hydrolysis of casein : Hydrolysis of arginine Tolerance to 40% bile Hemolysis : Negative Hydrolysis of hippurate Hydrolysis of aesculin Growth at 10 to 45’C :
Growth at pH 9.6 :
Growth in 6.5% NaCl Oxygen requirements
Negative
Negative : Positive
Positive : Positive
Positive : Positive
Positive
Positive : Facultative an anaerobic
Acid formation from carbon source Amygdalin : Positive Arabinose : Positive
Cellobiose : Positive
Aesculin : Positive
Fructose : Positive
Galactose : Positive
Glucose : Positive
Gluconic acid .‘.Positive
Lactose : Positive
Positive : Positive
Positive : Negative Positive
Positive
Maltose :
Mannitol
Mannose :
Melezitose
Melibiose :
Raffinose :
Rham.nose : Positive
Ribose ; Positive
Salicin : Positive Sorbitol : Negative
Sucrose : Positive
Trehalose : Positive Xylose : Negative Arbutin : Positive Sorbose : Negative (15) Main diamino acids of cell walls : Lysine (16) Mol% glycine (G) plus cytosine (C) : 38.6%
The above bacteriological properties were compared with those of known strains with reference to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, volume 2 (1986). As a result, based on the above properties, it was revealed that the microorganism was identified with a microorganism of the species of Enterococcus faecium except for the property that acid formation from sorbose was negative.
On the basis of the above result, the present inventors designated the microorganism as a novel microorganism Enterococcus faecium HL-5 and, on the date of December 17, 1993, deposited it to National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology Agency of Industrial Science and Technology placed at 1-3, Higashi 1 chome Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken, and it accepted under the deposit number of FERM BP-4504. In the present invention, addition to the above microorganism, the other strains belonging to the genus Enterococcus, which are capable of proliferating in an alkali medium having not less than pH 9.5 and containing an alkali-treated bagasse,
AP/P/ 94/00707 and also their mutants are utilizable preferably. The other strains belonging to the genus Enterococcus usable in the present invention include, for instance, Enterococcus casseliflavus IFO 3531, Enterococcus durans IFO 13131, Enterococcus faecalis IFO 3791, Enterococcus faecium IFO
3535 and Enterococcus hirae IFO- 3181T.
It was found that, similarly to Enterococcus faecium HL-5 isolated by the present inventors, lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Enterococcus are capable of proliferating in a relatively early stage of the pH decrease of alkali-treated bagasse, specifically, not less than pH 9, desirably, capable of proliferating sufficiently in the stage of not less than pH 9.5, and realize an early stage inoculation, and therefore the lactic acid bacteria are suitable for shortening the fermentation period.
The combination use of a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus and one or more members selected from lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus which are capable of proliferating at a pH of less than and closer to 8 is extremely desirable for the production of a highquality fermented bagasse feed having an excellent feed taste wherein the production period is shortened.
The strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus include, for instance. Lactobacillus rhamnosus IFO 3532, Lactobacillus plantarum IFO 3070, Lactobacillus sake IFO 3541, Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO 13952, Lactobacillus helveticus IFO 3809 and Lactobacillus brevis IFO 3345, and the combination use of one or more members of said strains fermented are suitable for improving the preference of bagasse feeds.
Furthermore, microorganisms belonging to the genera Pediococcus and Streptococcus, for instance, Pediococcus acid ilactici IFO 3076 and Streptococcus bovis IFO 12057 are utilizable advantageously.
An alkali-treated bagasse can be fermented by incorporating a seed culture of lactic acid bacteria and nutrients into the alkali-treated bagasse, usually, by adding nutrients, if necessary, together with an appropriate amount of water to said alkali-treated bagasse, inoculating a seed culture of lactic acid bacteria and then fermenting the mixture at an ambient temperature, desirably, in the range of about 15 to 50°C, for instance, such a fermentation can-be attainable by fermenting anaerobically for about 2 or 4 days the above mixture contained in a flexible bag or lapped.
The nutrients usable in the invention include nutrients useful for the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria and/or for animals assimilating the fermented bagasse feed obtainable by the present invention, usually, one or more members of energy source, protein, mineral and vitamin can be used. Specifically, for instance, molasses, sugar, dextrose, starch, organic acids, alcohols, press-ground grain, sorghum, barley, barley, pulverized rice, rice bran, wheat flour, wheat flour bran, corn, corn gluten, feed in general, de-fatted soybean, soybean casein, cottonseeds, cottonseed lees, rape seed lees, beer lees, milk, de-fatted dry milk, milk casein, milk serum, blood meal, born meal,
APiPt 94/00707 feather meal, fish meal, urea, ammonium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, sodium salts, phosphates, cron salts, copper salts, zinc salts, water-soluble vitamins and lipid-soluble vitamins are used arbitrarily.
Preferably, the above nutrients are incorporated usually in the range of not exceeding the amount of used bagasse, d.s.b. The wording of incorporating an appropriate amount of water as referred to the present invention means to incorporate the water into the contents in the range from the lower limit proceeding lactic acid fermentation to the upper limit preventing nutrient solutions from leaking out of the resultant fermented bagasse feed, usually in the range of about 40 to 90%, desirably about 45 to 80%, and in the case of putting priority on preservation of the fermented bagasse feed, the water content of about 45 to 60% is suitable. The kind and amount of nutrients used in the fermentation can be selected arbitrarily depending on the final products, for instance, roughage or well-balanced feed containing nutrients proportionately. The fermented bagasse feed thus obtained are acidified by lactic acid and excellent in preservation and taste, although these properties are variable dependently on the kind and amount of used nutrients. If necessary, it is feasible advantageously that in order to improve the preservation of said fermented bagasse feeds, they are dried by air or hot air to give a water content of not more than 40%, preferably, to decrease said water content to not more than 30% and then the fermented bagasse feeds dried thus are readily preserved and utilized.--The fermented bagasse feeds thus obtained in the present invention are high-quality feeds having good taste and excellent digestibility. The fermented bagasse feeds are utilizable mainly as a feed for ruminants, if necessary, for monogastric animals like pig and poultry, specifically, said bagasse feeds are usable as a feed which is capable of controlling and improving intestinal conditions and of preventing them from infections. Usually cattle assimilate the present fermented feed of about 4 to 10 kg or more in a day, the cattle increase their body weights by not less than about 2 kg/body in a day, preferably, not less than about 2.5 kg/body, depending on the kind of fermented bagasse feeds and the ages of the cattle.
It is feasible advantageously that, depending on the kind of animals to be fed and their ages, a fermented bagasse feed can be arbitrarily mixed other nutrients.
We found that the bagasse feed is usable preferably as organic fertilizer appropriately decomposed in soil and exhibits remarkably its ability of providing a nutrient supplement to soil and of improving conditions as well as humidity of soil. In case that the bagasse feed is utilized as a fertilizer, a relatively-small amount of the bagasse feed, usually selected from the range of about 60 to 800 kg in 10 are, can be scattered in soil, which is variable dependent ly on the composition of the bagasse or the feed, conditions of soil and the kind of crops to be grown.
The following experiments explain the present alkali treatment using calcium oxide in detail:
Experiment 1
AP/P/9 4 / 007 07
Effect of alkaline reagent on the preparation of alkalitreated bagasse
Bagasse was macerated with water to give a water content of 70% and mixed with as an alkaline reagent 3, 5 or 7% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to bagasse, d.s.b., respectively and 2, 3, 5, or 7% calcium oxide (CaO) to bagasse, d.s.b., respectively as uniformly as possible, and the mixture was allowed to stand at ambient temperature. The alkali-treated bagasse thus obtained was analyzed on its changes of pH and components as well as its structural flexibility.
The pH level of the alkali-treated bagasse sampled immediately after the mixing and at 24 and 48 hours termination. The samples were analyzed by admixing 1 part by weight of an alkali-treated bagasse specimen with 2 parts by weight of refined water, allowing the mixture to stand for 10 minutes, filtering the mixture, and measuring the pH of the resultant filtrated on a pH meter. As to components, raw bagasse and the alkali-treated bagasse collected at 24 and 48 hours termination were respectively divided into 8 samples, and their contents of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were determined and calculated their average values.
The above measurement was conducted in accordance with the Van Soest's detergent filter method as described in the 3.1 chapter of Dietary Fiber, pp. 38 to 46 ( 1982), published by Dai-ichi Shutupan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. The components of raw bagasse essentially consisted of 28.7% hemicellulose, 52.6% cellulose and 11.9% lignin, d.s.b.
The structural flexibility of the alkali-treated bagasse was analyzed by studying its touch feeling as
Ah . ο clutched by hand worn thin rubber gloves. The results were tabulated in Table 1.
In Table 1, numerical values pertaining to the item cf hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are designated as a ratio of the remaining hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin after alkali treatment against their initial contents in raw bagasse respectively.
As shown in Table 1, sodium hydroxide having used conventionally tends to decrease the pH slowly in comparison with calcium oxide. As to the change of components of bagasse, it was revealed that cellulose and hemicellulose important for roughage are remarkably decomposed and spoiled by sodium hydroxide.
On the contrary, it was found that the present alkalitreated bagasse with calcium oxide, free of substantial decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose, is advantageously used for a raw material of feeds.
Furthermore the alkali-treated bagasse with calcium oxide, decreasing its pH level relatively rapidly to the range wherein lactic acid bacteria for the production of fermented bagasse feeds are proliferative and making it possible to inoculate into the bagasse lactic acid bacteria at a relatively early stage, is preferably suitable for a raw material of fermented bagasse feeds.
Experiment 2
Effect of the combination of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide on alkali-treated bagasse
In accordance with the method of Experiment 1, bagasse was macerated to give a water content of 70%, the macerated
L 0 L 0 0 / V 6 /dMV
Io 0 0 o
I Ο C O Cl i
Control
JO
-H
X
a) r—) MJ
Cb
Ό
C (0 c
•H c
σι
Φ cn o
a>
o
a) cn o
—I
a) u
•H ε
0) jO
Numerical values (%) pertaining to hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin mean the ratios of the remaing hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin against their initial contents in raw bagasse.
bagasse was mixed 2 or 3% calcium oxide (CaO), and 1, 2 or
4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to bagasse, d.s.b., respectively, and the alkali-treated bagasse thus obtained was studied on its changes of pH and components as well as its structural flexibility. The results were tabulated in Table 2.
As shown in Table 2, it was unexpectedly found that the combination use of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide as alkaline reagents provided the similar advantageous result as Experiment 1 using only calcium oxide. In other words, each sample of alkali-treated bagasse in Experiment 2 was flexible sufficiently without decomposing cellulose and hemicellulose similarly as in the case of using only calcium oxide, and it was revealed that the combination use of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide is advantageous.
Specifically, it was revealed that incorporating sodium hydroxide in the range of not exceeding the amount of used calcium oxide allows the effective components of cellulose and hemicellulose in a bagasse to remain sufficiently and also lignin to decompose, and the bagasse thus alkalitreated is flexible sufficiently and suitable for an alkalitreated bagasse.
The following examples A illustrate the preparations of an alkali-treated bagasse. Examples B illustrate the uses of a fermented bagasse feed in detail, but are by no means limitative of the present invention:
Example A-l
Bagasse was macerated to give a water content of 70% and the resultant macerated bagasse was added with 4% calcium oxide to bagasse, d.s.b., as alkaline reagents and
L 0 L 0 0 / >6 /d/dV
CM
Table
Ο 0 Ο ! ο ζ
U. ' Ο Ζ 0)0 ο ο e υ υ c
J 78.3 C m 70.2 76.2 η > χ
ι—1 ν in CM ι-4 CM
00 υ σ cc co σ Ο Ο
σ> σ σ σ σ σ
ιη CM ΙΟ CM ι-4 ιη
υ • • « • • •
ϊ co ® ιο (Ν
σ σ σ σ
ο ιΟ ι—1 C'
X • • • • • •
ο σ σ ο σ σ ο
r4 ι-4
Ό Ό Ό η Ό Ό
0 0 0 0 Ο 0
Pu 0 0 Ο 0 0 0
ϋ ϋ Ο Ο ϋ ϋ
Γ Ο SJI ·<Ρ Ο CM
» • • • • •
μ σ co ιη CM
C' l>
ιη η co ι-4 τΡ
« • • « • •
υ σ σ ιη σ ο CM
CM σ σ σ σ σ σ
'«ί ι-4 ιο ιη CM ΙΟ
υ » • • • • •
X «ί σ co co co
σ σ [> σ σ
·<ρ co co ι-4 τΡ co
X • « • • • •
ο σ ο r4 ο ο ι-4
r4 r4 ι-4 r4 »-4
co ι-4 ο ο ιο ο
*τ· , , • • •
Ο ο ο 1-4 CN Γ—< ι-4 <Ν
τ-4 ι-4 1-4 ι-4 r4 <-4
*-»Χ
χ—> «*> ο
μ φ 1-4 CM ^Ρ ι-4 CM
χ: ζ
Μ
ι-4
φ (0
C 2«; ο
•Η «-4 (0 <Ν CM CN CO CO CO
Ε- < υ
C μ
φ.
φ Φ
52 <·
C Cj
·γ4 μ
C 01
σι C
•Η •Η
>ί I—‘
μ σι
μ Ό (0
ι—1 C
•Η (0 C
Δ τ4
μ φ C
X Μ cn
Φ 0 Ή
ι—1 »—1 ι-4
Ί-ι 3
1—1 Ό
• · »—1 C
Φ Φ
Ο υ Φ
Ό ' σι
C Φ Ο
(0 01 ι-4
Ο α
* Ή ^4
C 3 »-4
Η ι—1 Φ
Ή ϋ
»-4 μ φ
ε ιη
«« φ Ο
JZ ι—1
3
0 ι—1
«t μ μ
Φ Φ ·
m σι ο φ
0 C μ ιη
ι-4 μ ε οι
ι-4 C Φ (0
3 Ή jz σ
ι-4 (0 (0
ι-4 μ συο
Φ μ C
ϋ φ μ 3
Ο Φ Φ
ε φ μ
ο <*> μ C
μ
φ
φ 01 χ: 01
01 φ μ μ
0 3 C
r—1 γ-4 μ Φ
3 Φ 0 μ
(-4 > C
r4 σι 0
φ ι—1 ο ϋ
0 φ μ
μ Ο μ ι-4
ε μ Φ (0
φ μ μ •Η
χ: φ 4->
ε φ ι-4
.· 3 χ: C
2 μ •Η
υ
X *
A.P .
/ ί.
allowed to stand overnight to obtain an alkali-treated bagasse having about pH 9.7.
The present bagasse is usable as a raw material for fermented bagasse feeds or preferably utilizable without fermentation as a roughage for formula feeds.
Example A-2
Bagasse was macerated to give a water content of 60%, and the resultant macerated bagasse was mixed with as alkaline reagents 3% calcium oxide and 1% sodium hydroxide to bagasse, d.s.b., respectively, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight to obtain an alkali-treated bagasse having about pH 10.2.
Similarly as the product in Example A-1, the product is usable as a raw material for fermented bagasse feeds or preferably utilizable as a roughage for formula feeds. Example A-3
Bagasse having a water content of about 47% was mixed with as alkaline reagents 3% calcium oxide and 2% sodium hydroxide to bagasse, d.s.b., respectively, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight to obtain an alkali-treated bagasse having about pH 9.6.
Similarly as the product in Example A-1, the product is usable as a raw material for fermented bagasse feeds or preferably utilizable as a roughage for formula feeds. Example A-4
Bagasse having a water content of about 45% was mixed with as alkaline reagents 2% calcium oxide and 2% sodium hydroxide to bagasse, d.s.b., respectively, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight to obtain an alkali-treated
AP/P/ 9 4 / 00 7 0 7 feed bagasse having about pH 10.3.
Similarly as in Example A-1, the product is usable as a raw material for fermented bagasse feeds or preferably utilizable as a roughage for formula feeds.
Example B-l
A seed culture of Enterococcus faecium FERM BF-4504 was inoculated into a nutrient culture medium containing 100 parts by weight of an alkali-treated bagasse obtained by the method in Example A-1, 10 parts by weight of molasses, 0.2 parts by weight of urea and 0.2 parts by weight of salt as nutrients, and the mixture was covered with a plastic sheet and fermented at a room temperature for 2 days to obtain a fermented bagasse feed.
The fermented bagasse feed, sufficiently digestible, is preferably suitable as a high-quality feed having an excellent taste for ruminants. It is advantageously feasible to increase the feed value of the fermented bagasse feed and to produce a feed for monogastric animals like pig and poultry by blending other nutrients to the fermented bagasse feed.
Example B-2
Seed cultures of Enterococcus casseliflavus IFO 3531 and Lactobacillus plantarum IFO 3070 were inoculated into a nutrient culture medium containing 100 parts by weight of an alkali-treated bagasse obtained by the method in Example A-2 and as nutrients 20 parts by weight of wheat flour bran, 10 parts by weight of molasses, 0.2 parts by weight of ammonium phosphates and 40 parrs by weight of water, the mixture was fermented similarly as in Example B-l to obtain a fermented
AJJ '' r- i / w bagasse feed.
The fermented bagasse feed, sufficiently digestible, is preferably suitable as a high-quality feed having an excellent taste for ruminants. It is advantageously feasible to increase the feed value of the fermented bagasse feed and to produce a feed for monogastric animals like pig and poultry by blending other nutrients to the fermented bagasse feed.
Example B-3
Seed cultures of Enterococcus faecalis IFO 3791 and
Lactobacillus brevis IFO 3345 were inoculated into a nutrient culture medium containing 100 parts by weight of an alkali-treated bagasse obtained by the method in Example A-3 and as nutrients 10 parts by weight of wheat flour bran, 10 parts by weight of de-fatted soybean, 5 parts by weight of corn meal, 10 parts by weight of molasses, 0.2 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate and 60 parts by weight of water, the mixture was fermented in a flexible bag at a room temperature for 2 days to obtain a fermented bagasse feed.
The fermented bagasse feed, sufficiently digestible, is preferably suitable as a high-quality feed having an excellent taste for ruminants. It is advantageously feasible to increase the feed value of the fermented bagasse feed and to produce a feed for monogastric animals like pig and poultry by blending other nutrients to the fermented bagasse feed.
Example B-4
Seed cultures of Enterococcus faecium FER.M BF-4504,
Lactobacillus rhamnosus IFO 3532 and Lactobacillus
AP/P/ 9 4/ 00 7 0 7
acidophilus IFO 13952 were inoculated into a nutrient culture medium containing 100 parts by weight of an alkalitreated bagasse obtained by the method in Example A-4 and as nutrients 20 parts by weight of wheat flour bran, 5 parts by weight of press-ground barley, 5 parts by weight of rice bran, 10 parts by weight of molasses, 5 parts by weight of milk serum and 70 parts by weight of water, the mixture was fermented in a flexible bag at a room temperature for 3 days to obtain a fermented bagasse feed.
The fermented bagasse feed, sufficiently digestible, is preferably suitable as a high-quality feed having an excellent taste for ruminants. It is advantageously feasible to increase the feed value of the fermented bagasse feed to produce a feed for monogastric animals like pig and poultry by blending other nutrients to the fermented bagasse feed.
Example B-5
A fermented and dried bagasse feed was prepared by drying in hot air a fermented bagasse feed prepared by the method in Example B-3 to obtain a dried and · fermented bagasse feed having a water content of 20%.
The bagasse feed, a high quality feed having sufficient digestibility, good taste and excellent in preservation, is suitable for long-distance transportation.
Example B-6
One hundred parts by weight of an alkali-treated bagasse obtained by the method in Example A-3 was blended uniformly with as nutrients 10 parts by weight of wheat flour bran, 10 parts by weight of de-fatted soybean, 2 parts molasses, 1 by weight of cottonseeds, 5 parts by weight part by weight of lactic acid and 40 parts by weight of water, and then the bagasse feed was obtained.
The bagasse feed, a high quality feed having sufficient digestibility and good taste, is suitable for ruminants. Example B-7
Twenty cattle having their body weight of 400 to 500 kg were fed for a period of 60 days by providing them with the fermented bagasse feed obtainable by the method in Example B-3. The taste of the fermented bagasse feed is very preferable for the cattle and their average intake of the fermented bagasse feed in a day was about 20 to 25 kg/body, and further they increased their body weights by about 2.1 kg/body in a day on an average in satisfactory physical and feeding conditions.
As described above, bagasse, an unutilized agricultural waste, is utilized according to the invention to prepare an alkali-treated bagasse without decomposing cellulose and hemicellulose as an effective component by using as alkaline reagents calcium oxide together with or without sodium hydroxide, and further a good taste and high quality fermented bagasse feed is produced easily within a relatively-short period of time by inoculating lactic acid bacteria to the alkali-treated bagasse and succeedingly fermenting the mixture.
It was found that the alkali-treated bagasse thus obtained and a bagasse feed as well as a fermented bagasse feed is usable as a feed for livestock as well as advantageously utilizable as an organic fertilizer. __AP/P/ 9 4/ 00 7 0 7
Accordingly, the present invention saves sugar-refinery industries from the difficulties to treat bagasse deemed as an unutilized industrial waste and livestock farming industries from the shortage of roughage, and further is extremely significant in agriculture, industries of sweetening products, feed industries and livestock product processors. Furthermore, in the case of standing in global view of observing the earth overall, it is no exaggeration to say that the preset invention established a novel technology to save our future facing an environmental disruption, an overflowing population and a food crisis by allowing to provide a vast of foodstuff like livestock and milk products from bagasse or unutilized biomass exhausted largely and annually, without any competition with our foods.
While there has been described what is at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of the invention,. it will be understood the various modifications may be made therein, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the true spirits and scope of the invention. -.---

Claims (22)

  1. CLAIMS:
    1. An alkali-treated bagasse, which is prepared by softening a bagasse while preventing the substantial decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose.
  2. 2. The alkali-treated bagasse of claim 1, wherein calcium oxide is incorporated into said bagasse together with or without sodium hydroxide under the coexistence of water.
  3. 3. The alkali-treated bagasse of claim 2, wherein the content of said water is in the range of about 40 to 90 w/w %·
  4. 4. The alkali-treated bagasse of claim 2, wherein said calcium oxide is incorporated into said bagasse in an amount of not exceeding 5 w/w % to said bagasse, on a dry solid basis.
  5. 5. The alkali-treated bagasse of claim 2, wherein said sodium hydroxide is incorporated into said bagasse in an amount of not exceeding the content of said calcium oxide.
  6. 6. The alkali-treated bagasse of claim 1, which is directly usable as a feed.
  7. 7. A process for preparing an alkali-treated bagasse, which comprises;
    (a) incorporating calcium oxide into a bagasse together with or without sodium hydroxide under the coexistence of water to subject said bagasse to a condition of not less than pH 10.3;
    (b) allowing the mixture to stand; and (c) recovering the resultant alkali-treated
    AP/P/9 4 / 0 0 7 0 7 bagasse having a decreased pH less than pH 10.
  8. 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the content of said water is in the range of about 40 to 90 w/w %.
  9. 9. The process of claim 7, wherein said calcium oxide is incorporated into said bagasse in an amount of not exceeding 5 w/w % to said bagasse, on a dry solid basis.
  10. 10. A process for softening a bagasse, which comprises incorporating calcium oxide into a bagasse together with or without sodium hydroxide into a bagasse under the coexistence of water to soften said bagasse while preventing the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose.
  11. 11. The alkali-treated bagasse of claim 1, which additionally contains a nutrient source.
  12. 12. The process of claim 7, wherein the step (c) further contains a step of incorporating a nutrient source into the resultant alkali-treated bagasse.
  13. 13. A fermented bagasse feed obtainable by incorporating a nutrient source and a seed culture of a lactic acid bacterium into said alkali-treated bagasse of claim 1; and fermenting the resultant mixture.
  14. 14. The fermented bagasse feed of claim 13, wherein said seed culture is one or more members selected from the group consisting of lactic acid bacteria of the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Pediococcus.
  15. 15. The fermented bagasse feed of claim 13, wherein said lactic acid bacterium of the genus Enterococcus is
    Enterococcus faecium FERM BP-4504.
  16. 16. The fermented bagasse feed of claim 13, wherein said nutrient source is a member selected from the group consisting of energy sources, proteins, minerals and'or vitamins .
  17. 17. The fermented bagasse feed of claim 13, wherein said nutrient source is incorporated thereinto in an amount not exceeding the amount of said bagasse, on a dry solid basis.
  18. 18. A process for preparing a fermented bagasse feed, which comprises:
    (a) incorporating calcium oxide into a bagasse together with or without sodium hydroxide into a bagasse under the coexistence of water to subject said bagasse to a condition of not less than pH 10.3; allowing the resultant mixture to stand;
    (b) incorporating a nutrient source and a seed culture of a lactic acid bacterium into the resultant alkali-treated bagasse having a decreased pH less than pH 10; and (c) fermenting the mixture and recovering the resultant fermented bagasse.
  19. 19. The process of claim 18, wherein said alkalitreated bagasse in the step of (b) is softened while preventing the substantial decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose.
  20. 20. The process of claim 18, wherein said seed culture of is one or more members selected from the group consisting of lactic acid bacteria of the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Pediococcus.
  21. 21. The process of claim 20, wherein said lactic acid bacterium of the genus Enterococcus is a member selected
    AP/P/94/08787 from the group consisting of bacteria of the species Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus durans. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and
    Enterococcus hirae, and said lactic acid bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus is a member selected from the group consisting of bacteria of -the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Lactobacillus plantarum. Lactobacillus sake. Lactobacillus acidophilus. Lactobacillus helveticus, and Lactobacillus brevis.
  22. 22. Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM BP-4504), which is a bacterium capable of proliferating in an alkaline nutrient culture medium having a pH not less than 9.5.
APAP/P/1994/000707A 1993-12-27 1994-12-20 Alkali-treated bagasse, and its preparation and uses. AP572A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34681893 1993-12-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AP9400707A0 AP9400707A0 (en) 1995-01-31
AP572A true AP572A (en) 1997-01-05

Family

ID=18386019

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
APAP/P/1994/000707A AP572A (en) 1993-12-27 1994-12-20 Alkali-treated bagasse, and its preparation and uses.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US5545418A (en)
CN (1) CN1109280A (en)
AP (1) AP572A (en)
AU (1) AU689088B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9405265A (en)
CU (1) CU22478A3 (en)
GB (1) GB2285806B (en)
NZ (1) NZ250858A (en)
PH (1) PH31323A (en)
ZA (1) ZA9410118B (en)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5747020A (en) * 1995-05-15 1998-05-05 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Bacterial treatment for silage
US6077546A (en) * 1995-06-26 2000-06-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Hayashibara Seibutsu Quick-fermented feed and method of preparing
WO1997045530A1 (en) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-04 UZILOVA, Irina Semenovna, Heiress of UZILOV Use of streptococcus faecium strains and composition containing the same
JP2001505906A (en) * 1996-12-10 2001-05-08 ハダジット メディカル リサーチ サービシズ アンド ディベラップメント カンパニー リミテッド Serum-derived factor that induces cell differentiation and its pharmaceutical use
US6174275B1 (en) 1999-08-26 2001-01-16 Nicholls State University Processes for immobilizing waste using bagasse
ITVA990027A1 (en) * 1999-09-28 2001-03-28 Francesco Bertolini HIGH QUALITY PAPER PRODUCTION FROM TYPICAL EQUATORIAL VEGETABLE RESIDUES.
AU2003209591A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2003-09-09 Gilles Gervais Process of treating lignocellulosic material to produce bio-ethanol
AU2003255227B8 (en) * 2002-11-19 2006-08-03 Vella, Neiola Stephnie Method for producing a cellulous fibre by-product using roll pressure infusion
AU2003249126A1 (en) * 2003-07-23 2005-02-14 Kimel Aditivos, S.L. Novel product for agricultural use, which is obtained from distillery spent wash
US8551915B2 (en) * 2003-07-23 2013-10-08 Hpd Process Engineering, S.A. Method for production of vinasses-derived product
NO319624B1 (en) * 2003-09-15 2005-09-05 Trouw Internat Bv Fish feed for salmonids in fresh water and use of such feed.
CA2662788C (en) * 2006-07-10 2012-03-27 Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation Process for production of hollow-fiber membrane bundles
US20150056324A1 (en) * 2007-03-05 2015-02-26 Archer Daniels Midland Company Archer daniels midland company
BRPI0808462A2 (en) * 2007-03-05 2014-07-15 Archer Daniels Midland Co FOOD PREPARATION METHOD FOR DIGESIBLE ANIMALS
WO2009113750A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Jmbio Inc. Method for manufacturing alkali calcium protein fodder having effect disease prevention of domestic and poultry
BR112014014583A2 (en) * 2011-12-19 2017-07-04 Novozymes As method for producing an animal feed, and animal feed
LT3185696T (en) 2014-08-28 2020-01-27 Chr. Hansen A/S Improved compositions of hetero- and homofermentative lactic acid bacterial species for dual purpose silage preservation
CN104530385A (en) * 2014-11-20 2015-04-22 南宁市老永淳红木家具厂 Method used for preparing epoxy resin via liquefaction of bagasse pith and phenol
CN105519800A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-04-27 广西农垦金光乳业有限公司 Preparation method of easy-digestion sugarcane byproduct feed
CN111066949A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-04-28 博益德（北京）生物科技有限公司 Ruminant complete mixed fermented feed and preparation method thereof
CN113023996A (en) * 2021-04-08 2021-06-25 河南工业大学 Recycling method of squeezed waste alkali liquor generated in viscose production
CN114304388A (en) * 2022-01-17 2022-04-12 习水县格林生态农业科技有限公司 Grass meal feed and processing method thereof
CN117730948A (en) * 2024-01-19 2024-03-22 宿州学院 Preparation method of lignocellulose feed

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR644599A (en) * 1927-01-17 1928-10-10 Process for manufacturing cellulose from corn stalks and straw
US3903307A (en) * 1972-08-23 1975-09-02 Yosiaki Kimura Process of making the feed stuff containing bagasse, protein, and yeast
US4087317A (en) * 1975-08-04 1978-05-02 Eucatex S.A. Industria E Comercio High yield, low cost cellulosic pulp and hydrated gels therefrom
GB1571855A (en) * 1977-04-18 1980-07-23 Horiuchi I Fermented feed for ruminants
WO1980001351A1 (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-07-10 Brewer Co Ltd Ruminant feeds from bagasse
GB2041403B (en) * 1979-01-30 1983-11-30 Univ Waterloo Bioconversion of agricultural wastes into proteinaceous animal feed
JPS597439B2 (en) * 1980-07-31 1984-02-18 株式会社日立製作所 Pretreatment method for cellulosic substances
JPH05239457A (en) * 1992-03-02 1993-09-17 Shimadzu Corp Soil conditioner
US5865898A (en) * 1992-08-06 1999-02-02 The Texas A&M University System Methods of biomass pretreatment
TW323222B (en) * 1993-12-27 1997-12-21 Hayashibara Biochem Lab

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NONE *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2285806B (en) 1998-04-29
AU689088B2 (en) 1998-03-26
GB9425675D0 (en) 1995-02-22
ZA9410118B (en) 1995-09-01
GB2285806A (en) 1995-07-26
NZ250858A (en) 1995-08-28
US5545418A (en) 1996-08-13
US5622859A (en) 1997-04-22
AP9400707A0 (en) 1995-01-31
BR9405265A (en) 1995-08-01
AU5505794A (en) 1995-07-13
CU22478A3 (en) 1997-12-24
PH31323A (en) 1998-07-06
CN1109280A (en) 1995-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AP528A (en) Fermented Bagasse feed, and its preparation and uses.
AP572A (en) Alkali-treated bagasse, and its preparation and uses.
US6077546A (en) Quick-fermented feed and method of preparing
CN1813562A (en) Compound microbial fermented fodder nutrient additive and its preparing method
CN101843297A (en) Biological fermentation process for improving protein content of cottonseed meal and detoxicating cottonseed meal
CN111685235B (en) Preparation method of lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed for piglets
CN116083262A (en) Lactobacillus plantarum strain with aquatic pathogenic bacteria antagonistic property and preparation and application of preparation thereof
CN110583866A (en) High-dietary-fiber low-antigen-protein fermented soybean hull and preparation method thereof
KR101532471B1 (en) The manufacturing method for corn-based feedstuff using bio-reaction
CN109423466A (en) A kind of composite fermentation microbial inoculum and its application
CN108441452A (en) A kind of store pig compound microbial culture starter and its application
JP3885084B2 (en) Rapidly fermented feed, production method and use thereof
GB2312676A (en) Enterococcus faecium HL-5
KR100277347B1 (en) Novel Lactic Acid Bacteria Lactobacillus Fermentum Kwai 2524 for Feeding Food Waste
KR101470919B1 (en) The manufacturing method for oat-based feedstuff using bio-reaction
CN112825980A (en) Method for producing glucose oxidase functional active peptide powder for livestock and aquatic products based on microbial fermentation
CN109043123A (en) The preparation method and application of fermented feed, fermented feed
JP3379034B2 (en) Fermented bagasse feed, its production method and use
MXPA95000256A (en) Fermented bagazo food and procedure for your manufacturer
JPH0970260A (en) Rapidly fermented feed, its production and use
CN110140810B (en) Preparation method of fermented yellow wine lees for feed and fermented yellow wine lees
Andriani et al. Probiotic application in fermentation of fish feed materials: a review: Probiotic application in fermentation of fish feed materials: a review
JP3852862B2 (en) Alkaline-treated bagasse, its production method and use
CN116649460A (en) Fish meal substitute for feed and production method thereof
CN116555071A (en) Enterococcus faecalis for producing protease and feed fermentation method using enterococcus faecalis