JPH0970260A - Rapidly fermented feed, its production and use - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a rapidly fermented feed excellent in digestibility, palatability and suitable for ruminant animals by admixing materials for concentrated feed to alkali-treated agricultural wastes and effecting the lactic fermentation of the mixture under specific conditions. SOLUTION: An alkali agent is applied to agricultural wastes such as bagasse or rice plant straws to give a softened waste whose (hemi)cellulose is inhibited from hydrolysis. This treated waste is combined with vegetable materials for concentrated feed selected from one or two or more selected from crushed cereals, saccharides and lees (preferably in an amount of >=20w/w% in solid basis to the alkali-treated agricultural waste with a pH of >=10.5). Then, the mixture is lowered its pH to <=10, inoculated with a lactic bacterium, Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM BP-4504) to effect the anaerobic lactic fermentation thereby giving this rapidly fermented feed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fast-fermenting fermented feed, a method for producing the same, and a use thereof. More specifically, the pH of the alkali-treated agricultural waste is reduced to less than 10 by adding a plant-rich feed material. In addition, the present invention relates to a fast-fermenting fermented feed obtained by inoculating lactic acid bacteria and performing lactic acid fermentation, a method for producing the same, and uses.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Agricultural wastes rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, for example, bagasse, cane top, corn cob, corn trunk, corn trunk, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, barley straw, peanut hull, bark, Wood chips, bamboo,
Although bamboo is partially used as fuel, etc., it has not been found to have any other effective use, and more than hundreds of millions of tons of it are emitted every year around the world, and the current situation is that it is difficult to dispose of it.

On the other hand, livestock that feed on grass, that is, cows,
Unlike monogastric animals such as humans, pigs, and poultry, ruminants such as sheep can originally ingest plant-derived cellulose, hemicellulose, etc., and convert them into energy. Is physiologically required as a forage.

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products such as beef and dairy products has expanded, and intensive livestock farming has made remarkable progress. As a result, cows have been bred in a limited area, in other words, multi-bred cattle have been bred in narrow barns, and it has become difficult to supply grass to cover this. Therefore, demand for roughages containing hemicellulose as a main component instead of grass has rapidly increased.

Attempts to utilize agricultural waste for roughage have long been made. However, in general, these agricultural wastes contain a considerable amount of lignin in addition to cellulose and hemicellulose, and the lignin and the fibrous material such as cellulose are firmly bound to each other. , The digestibility is low and the palatability is poor, and the feed value is extremely low.

Therefore, in order to improve the feed value of agricultural waste, many attempts have been proposed to decompose lignin to soften the tissue and improve digestibility. Taking bagasse as an example, first, bagasse is treated with an alkali and then fermented. For more information on alkaline treatment, see "Biotechnology and Bioengineering.
engineering, "Vol. 26, pp. 426-433 (1984), the use of alkaline agents such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, etc. is known and alkali treated bagasse. For fermentation of, for example, "Animal Feed
Science and Technology (Animal F
ed Science and Technology
y) ”, Vol. 9, pp. 1 to 17 (1983), there is known a method of silageizing alkali-treated bagasse using sodium hydroxide.

However, a detailed study of these conventionally proposed methods has revealed that in the case of alkali treatment using sodium hydroxide, the pH of alkali-treated bagasse is lowered, that is, the pH is within the pH range in which lactic acid bacteria can grow.
It has been found that the decrease is extremely slow and takes a long time, and that it takes 25 to 90 days to finish the fermented bagasse feed. Further, in order to reduce the pH rapidly in order to avoid this, it was necessary to neutralize the alkali-treated bagasse with an acidic solution. In addition, when sodium hydroxide is used, it is highly alkaline and can maintain a high pH with a relatively small amount of use, can decompose lignin well, and can soften bagasse tissue, but even cellulose and hemicellulose, which are important as roughage, It has been found that it also has many drawbacks such as easy decomposition and loss.

When calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate is used, the alkaline strength is relatively low,
The amount of alkaline agent used is about 12 to 3 per bagasse solid matter.
In addition to increasing the cost to 0 w / w% (hereinafter, w / w% is abbreviated as% in the present specification unless otherwise specified), not only the cost is increased, but also an excessive amount of the alkaline agent is added to the ruminant. I want a lot of water because I will be ingesting it,
It was also found that a large amount of urine had to be excreted, which had a fatal drawback that had a large physiological burden.

On the other hand, concentrated feed materials rich in protein, starch, etc., especially plant concentrated feed materials such as rice bran, defatted soybeans and flat corn, are known to contain a large amount of phytin. The coexistence of phytin not only reduces the utilization and absorption of phosphorus that it possesses, but also inhibits the absorption of essential minerals such as calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and cobalt, reducing feed value. It is also known. Hydrolyze this phytin,
It is desired to establish a high-quality feed that improves the utilization rate of phosphorus and promotes the absorption of essential minerals.

[0010]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a high-quality fast-fermenting fermented feed using agricultural wastes and plant-rich feed materials which have solved the above-mentioned drawbacks, and uses thereof.
Further, since the demand is enormous, it is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method suitable for a mass production method, which is inexpensive and can be easily commercialized in a short period of time.

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors first focused on lactic acid bacteria that can grow even in a relatively high pH, high concentration salt medium containing alkali-treated agricultural waste. I have been studying hard. As a result, by adding the plant concentrate feed material to the alkali-treated agricultural waste to reduce the pH thereof to less than 10 and inoculating the lactic acid bacterium to lactic-ferment, the alkali-treated agricultural waste can be easily and quickly produced from the alkali-treated agricultural waste. The present invention has been completed by discovering that high-quality fermented feed can be produced.

That is, when fermenting the alkali-treated agricultural waste, the plant concentrated feed material is added to reduce the pH thereof to less than 10, and it is grown in a medium having a pH of 9.5 or more or a sodium chloride concentration of 6.5%. The present invention, which employs a fermentation method of inoculating a lactic acid bacterium having an ability, preferably a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus, has the following features.

(1) Since the alkali-treated agricultural waste material contains a plant-derived concentrated feed material to actively lower the pH thereof to less than 10, preferably less than 9.7, the pH is 9.5.
It is possible to inoculate a lactic acid bacterium having a growth ability in the above-mentioned high pH range at an early stage and perform good lactic acid fermentation. (2) Since lactic acid bacteria have the ability to grow in a high-concentration salt solution of 6.5% sodium chloride, the alkaline agent used in the production of alkali-treated agricultural waste is water that achieves the purpose at a relatively low concentration. Not limited to sodium oxide, it is possible to use calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or the like which requires a relatively high concentration, and further to use sodium hydroxide together with calcium oxide or calcium oxide described later. is there. (3) Not only is phytin contained in the plant-derived concentrated feed material decomposed well to become a source of phosphorus,
Promotes the absorption of essential minerals such as calcium, iron, copper, zinc and cobalt in feed. (4) Fermentation is easy, the production period is short, and it can be produced at a relatively low cost, so it is suitable for a large-scale production method of quick-fermentation fermented feed from alkali-treated agricultural waste.

In addition, when treating agricultural waste with an alkali, it is preferable to use calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide together with calcium oxide as an alkaline agent for producing alkali-treated agricultural waste or a fast-fermented fermented feed using the same. Then, the present invention was completed. That is, it has been found that the use of calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide together with calcium oxide as the alkaline agent has many features as described below.

(1) Alkali-treated agricultural wastes having a softened tissue can be produced with almost no loss of the active ingredients cellulose and hemicellulose in the agricultural wastes. (2) Probably because calcium oxide is an active alkaline agent, and because it absorbs water and generates heat to promote the alkaline reaction, the amount of the alkaline agent used can be made relatively small and the alkaline treatment can be performed in a short time. The purpose of can be achieved. (3) The pH of alkali-treated agricultural waste decreases relatively quickly, and the pH is increased by adding a plant concentrate feed material.
It is possible to inoculate the lactic acid bacterium at an early stage because the lactic acid bacterium can be positively reduced. (4) It is suitable for mass production method of alkali-treated agricultural waste and quick-fermentation fermented feed using the same because it is easy to operate, has a short production period, and can be produced at a relatively low cost. (5) Since the amount of alkaline agents used for agricultural waste is relatively small, ruminants do not have to worry about excessive intake of alkaline agents, especially sodium agents, but rather strengthen the calcium as an essential mineral in appropriate amounts. It will be nutritionally convenient. (6) The quick-fermented fermented feed obtained is of high quality and excellent in digestibility and palatability.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The alkali-treated agricultural waste used in the present invention is usually prepared as follows. Agricultural waste is
Approximately 40 to 9 water discharged from farms or processing plants
You can use 0% as it is, if necessary,
You may use what dried and preserved it. As the wet condition necessary for the alkali treatment, the coexisting water content is set as the lower limit of the amount by which the agricultural waste and the alkaline agent are mixed and blended with each other, and the amount until the alkaline solution does not flow out from the alkali-treated agricultural waste. It is desirable that the upper limit is Specifically, a range of about 40 to 90%, preferably about 45 to 80% is suitable.

When calcium oxide is used as the alkaline agent, it is desirable that the alkaline agent has a high activity, in other words, a fresh one that does not absorb moisture as much as possible, and its shape can be appropriately selected such as granular or powdery. The amount of calcium oxide used is preferably in the range of not more than 5%, more preferably in the range of 2 to 4%, with respect to the agricultural waste.
The amount of sodium hydroxide used together with calcium oxide is within a range not exceeding the amount of calcium oxide used together,
Desirably, amounts less than 3% are suitable.

The method of adding an alkaline agent to the agricultural waste under humid conditions is as follows.
Any method may be used so long as the alkaline agent can be mixed therein. For example, it is optional to previously mix the agricultural waste with water, and then mix this with the alkaline agent, or vice versa. These sequences may be performed at ambient temperature and are typically in the range of about 10-35 ° C.

In this way, the initial pH of agricultural waste containing an alkaline agent under wet conditions is usually p.
H about 10.3 or higher, preferably about pH 10.5 to 1
2, the alkali-treated agricultural waste that has achieved the purpose of the alkali treatment can be easily collected by simply leaving it at the ambient temperature.

As described above, the alkali-treated agricultural waste obtained by using calcium oxide as an alkaline agent has substantially no loss of cellulose and hemicellulose, and softens the tissue well. In particular, calcium oxide and water are used. Compared to the one using calcium oxide alone, the one using sodium oxide in combination decomposes lignin well and further softens the tissue, but the loss of the active ingredient cellulose and hemicellulose is small, and the rapid growth is achieved. It is suitable as a raw material for fermented feed.

The alkali-treated agricultural waste for producing the fast-fermenting fermented feed of the present invention can be made to contain a concentrated feed material to actively lower the pH thereof to less than 10, preferably less than 9.7. Therefore, not only when the above-mentioned calcium oxide is used as the alkaline agent, but also known alkaline agents in which pH lowering is less likely to occur, such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and sodium carbonate It may be one using more than one species.

In order to produce a fast-fermenting fermented feed from the alkali-treated agricultural waste of the present invention, a pH of 10 or higher, preferably,
By adding a plant concentrate feed material to an alkali-treated agricultural waste having a pH of 10.5 to 12, the pH is actively reduced to less than 10, preferably less than 9.7, and lactic acid bacteria are inoculated for lactic acid fermentation. The purpose can be achieved. At this time, to the alkali-treated agricultural waste, it is also possible to preliminarily contain a plant-derived concentrated feed material to reduce its pH, and then inoculate lactic acid bacteria to lactic acid ferment it. On the other hand, it is also optional to start the lactic acid fermentation by adding a mixture in which the plant concentrated feed material and the lactic acid bacterium are mixed in advance to lower the pH.

The lactic acid bacterium used in the present invention is p containing a plant-derived concentrated feed material together with an alkali-treated agricultural waste.
A lactic acid-fermenting medium capable of lactic acid fermentation is suitable even in an alkaline medium exceeding H7, preferably a lactic acid-fermenting ability even in a high pH medium having a pH of 9.5 or higher, and more preferably belonging to the genus Enterococcus. Lactic acid bacteria are preferred. In particular, in the present invention, a newly isolated lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus, Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERMBP-4
504) grows in a highly alkaline solution having a pH of 9.5 or more, or in a highly concentrated salt solution of 6.5% sodium chloride, and produces lactic acid, thereby producing alkali-treated agricultural wastes and plant concentrate feed materials. It has the ability to lower the pH of the mixture, and can produce fermented feed with high palatability in a short period of time. It also has phytase activity and decomposes phytin contained in plant concentrate feed materials well to give high quality. This is convenient because the fast-fermented fermented feed of can be produced.

That is, according to the present invention, the alkali-treated agricultural waste is made to contain a plant concentrate feed material, and its pH is set to 1
PH less than 0, preferably pH at which lactic acid bacteria can actively grow
Less than 9.7, more preferably more than pH 7 and pH 9.7
By positively reducing the amount to less than 1, the period before inoculation with lactic acid bacteria can be shortened, lactic acid fermentation after inoculation can be facilitated, and the production period of fermented feed can be shortened to about 2 to 4 days. . It is extremely advantageous to inoculate the alkali-treated agricultural waste using calcium oxide whose pH lowers relatively quickly as described above, because the production period of fermented feed can be further shortened.

Next, the present inventors show the results of the identification test of the microorganism HL-5 belonging to the genus Enterococcus, which was newly isolated from corn silage. The identification test was carried out according to "Classification and Identification of Microorganisms" (Takeharu Hasegawa, Academic Society Publishing Center, 1985).

<A Cell Morphology> (1) MRS agar culture, cocci at 37 ° C. usually 0.9 to 1.2 μm. Form double and short chains. No motility. No spores. Gram positive. (2) PG agar culture, cocci at 37 ° C. usually 0.9 to 1.2 μm. Form double and short chains. No motility. No spores. Gram positive.

<B Cultural Properties> (1) MRS agar plate culture, 37 ° C. Shape: circular, size 1-2 mm in 3 days. Edge: Full edge Raised: Semi-lenticular Gloss: Wet light Surface: Smooth color tone: Semi-transparent, white (2) MRS gelatin stab culture, 37 ° C No liquefaction. (3) Litmus milk, 37 ℃ acid coagulation

<C Physiological Properties> (1) Catalase: Negative (2) Oxidase: Negative (3) Gelatin Liquefaction: Negative (4) Casein Degradation: Negative (5) Arginine Degradation: Positive (6) 40% Bile resistance: Positive (7) Hemolytic: Negative (8) Hippuric acid degradation: Positive (9) Esculin degradation: Positive (10) Growth at 10 ° C to 45 ° C: Positive (11) At pH 9.6 Growth: Positive (12) Growth in 6.5% NaCl: Positive (13) Attitude toward oxygen: Facultative anaerobic (14) Acid production from sugar Amygtaline-positive arabinose-positive cellobiose-positive esculin-positive fructose-positive galactose-positive glucose-positive Gluconic acid positive Lactose positive Maltose positive Mannitol positive Mannose positive Meletitose Sex melibiose Positive Raffinose positive rhamnose-positive Ribose positive salicin positive Sorbitol negative Sucrose-positive Trehalose positive Xylose negative Arbutin positive sorbose negative (15) Major diamino acid of cell wall: Lysine (16) G + C content: 38.6%

Based on the above-mentioned mycological properties, "Bergie's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Bergey's Manual of S
ystematic Bacteriology) ”,
With reference to Volume 2 (1986), differences with known strains were examined. As a result, of all the above-mentioned mycological properties, the present bacteria differ only in that they have a negative acid production from sorbose, and all other properties are different from those of Enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus faecium).
ccus faecium).

Based on these results, the present inventors have confirmed that this bacterium is a novel microorganism Enterococcus faecium HL-5.
Deposited at the Patent Microorganism Depositary Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, located at 1-3, Higashi 1-3-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, as of December 17, 1993. Deposited as FERM BP-4504. In the present invention, not only the above-mentioned strain but also a pH belonging to the genus Enterococcus and containing alkali-treated agricultural waste.
Alkaline 9.5 or higher, or sodium chloride concentration 6.
Other strains having a growth ability in a 5% medium, and mutant strains can also be advantageously used. Other strains belonging to the genus Enterococcus used in the present invention include, for example, Enterococcus cassaliflaves.
cus casseliflavus) IFO 353
1. Enterococcus zulans (Enterococ
cus durans) IFO 13131, Enterococcus f.
aecalis) IFO 3791, Enterococcus faec
ium) IFO 3535, Enterococcus hirae IFO 3
181T and the like.

These lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus, like the Enterococcus faecium HL-5 isolated in the present invention, have a pH value of alkali-treated agricultural waste.
At a relatively early stage when pH decreases, in other words, pH 9 or higher,
Desirably, it is found that the cells can grow well even at a pH of 9.5 or higher, and the inoculation time can be advanced, which is convenient for shortening the fermentation treatment period.

Further, one or two selected from lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and the like having high growth ability at a pH lower than around pH 8 together with lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
The combination of two or more species is an extremely excellent method for producing a high-quality fast-fermenting feed with high palatability.

The strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus include
For example, Lactobacillus rhamnosus
cillus rhamnosus) IFO 353
2. Lactobacillus plantarum
illus plantaum) IFO 3070,
Lactobacillus salmon
ake) IFO 3541, Lactobacillus acidophilus
ilus) IFO 13952, Lactobacillus helve
ticus) IFO 3809, Lactobacillus brevis I
FO 3345 and the like, and the use of one kind or two or more kinds thereof is convenient for enhancing the palatability of the fast-fermenting fermented feed using agricultural waste.

Further, bacteria belonging to the genus Pediococcus and the genus Streptococcus, for example, Pediococcus
Acidi lactis (Pediococcus aci)
dilactici) IFO 3076, Streptococcus bov
is) IFO 12057 or the like can be advantageously used.

The fermentation treatment of the alkali-treated agricultural waste may be carried out by adding the plant-rich feed material to the alkali-treated agricultural waste and inoculating the lactic acid bacteria to lactic acid fermentation. Usually, the alkali-treated agricultural waste is added to the plant-rich feed. Material and
If necessary, mix with an appropriate amount of water, inoculate this with a seed culture of lactic acid bacterium, and at ambient temperature, preferably in the range of about 15 to 50 ° C., for example, to cover a plastic sheet or to provide flexibility. The product can be fermented under anaerobic conditions such as packing in a bag or wrapping, usually for about 2 to 4 days to achieve the purpose.

The plant concentrate feed material used in the present invention contains phytin together with protein because it has a strong pH adjusting action and is suitable, and can be advantageously used as a pH lowering agent for alkali-treated agricultural wastes having a pH of 10 or more. . Examples thereof include pressed grains, groats, wheat flour, crushed grains such as powdered flour, rice bran, barley bran, bran such as millet bran, defatted soybeans, okara, corn gluten meal, corn germ meal, Preference is given to rapeseed meal, sesame meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal and other meals. In producing the fast-fermenting fermented feed of the present invention, in addition to alkali-treated agricultural waste and plant concentrate feed material, other nutrient sources may be added as necessary, for example, skim milk powder, milk casein, whey and other milk processing industries. By-products, animal concentrate feed materials such as fish meal, blood meal, and feather meal, molasses, sugar, glucose, maltose,
Combined with sugars such as lactose, bone meal, calcium salt, magnesium salt, sodium salt, phosphate salt, iron salt, copper salt, zinc salt, cobalt salt and other minerals, water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins and other vitamins It is also optional to do so.

In the present invention, a fast-fermented fermented feed obtained by using a plant concentrate feed material containing a large amount of phytin such as crushed cereals, bran and lees, absorbs phytin, which inhibits mineral absorption, well absorbed, Not only is it an easy-to-use source of phosphorus, but also calcium, iron, copper,
Since the essential minerals such as zinc and cobalt are well absorbed, it can be advantageously used as a feed for monogastric animals and also as a feed for ruminants.

Further, in the present invention, the use ratio of the plant concentrate feed material is such that the pH of the alkali-treated agricultural waste is less than 10 at which lactic acid bacteria can grow, preferably more than pH 7.
It needs enough to lower it below 9.7 and usually
20% per solid matter for alkali-treated agricultural waste
As described above, 40% or more is preferable. Further, as the wet condition during lactic acid fermentation, the lower limit is the water content in which lactic acid bacteria can undergo lactic acid fermentation, and the amount of water until the nutrient-containing solution does not flow out from the obtained quick-fermentation feed may be mixed.
Generally, it is about 40 to 90%, preferably about 45 to 80%, and about 45 to 60% is preferable when importance is attached to storability. In addition, depending on whether the purpose of use of the fast-fermenting fermented feed is, for example, merely as a roughage feed or a complete feed containing a well-balanced nutrient source, the type and amount of the nutrient source during fermentation are appropriately changed. be able to. The obtained quick-fermented fermented feed varies depending on the usage of the nutrient source, but in many cases, it is lactic acid-acidic, has a high shelf life, and has a high palatability. If necessary, in order to further improve the preservability thereof, it can be advantageously stored and utilized by ventilation drying or heat drying to reduce the water content to less than 40%, preferably less than 30%.

The fast-fermenting fermented feed of the present invention thus obtained is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability. This fast-fermented fermented feed is mainly used as a feed for ruminant animals, but if necessary, as a feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry, it exerts, among other things, an intestinal regulation action, an infection prevention action, and a fecal odor prevention. It can also be used as feed. In the case of cattle, this type of fermented fermented feed usually depends on the type of fermented fermented feed and the growth stage of the cattle.
About 4 to 20 kg or more is ingested per head per day, and the amount of weight gain per day reaches about 2 kg or more, preferably about 2.5 kg or more.

Depending on the type of the target animal, the difference in the growth stage, etc., it is also possible to advantageously use the fast-fermenting fermented feed by blending other nutrient sources.

Hereinafter, the pH reduction due to the alkali-treated agricultural waste and the plant concentrate feed material will be described in detail in experiments.

[0043]

[Experiment 1] <Effect of Alkaline Agent on Alkali Treatment> Bagasse was tested as an example of agricultural waste. Water is added to bagasse to 70% water, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to this as an alkaline agent at 3% per bagasse solid matter.
5% or 7% of calcium oxide (CaO) was mixed as uniformly as 2%, 3%, 5% or 7% with respect to bagasse solids, and the mixture was left at room temperature to obtain an alkali-treated bagasse. The pH change, the component change and the flexibility were examined.

The pH was measured by sampling at 24 hours and 48 hours immediately after mixing. According to the method, 1 part by weight of an alkali-treated bagasse standard was added with 2 parts by weight of pure water, mixed, allowed to stand for 10 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate was measured with a pH meter. As for the components, 8 points were sampled for raw bagasse and those at 24 hours and 48 hours,
Their hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents were measured and the average value was obtained.

The measuring method is "dietary fiber", 38th to 4th.
Pp. 6 (1982), published by Daiichi Shuppan Co., Ltd., "3.1 Van Soest Deterge"
ntfilter method ”. In addition, the content of the components of the raw bagasse is 2 hemicellulose per solid matter.
8.7%, cellulose 52.6%, lignin 11.9%
Met.

Regarding the flexibility of bagasse, thin plastic gloves were put on and the quality of the flexibility when the alkali-treated bagasse was caught was examined by touch. The results are summarized in Table 1.

[0047]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, the numerical values of the terms hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are shown by the residual rate (%) after alkali treatment with respect to their content in the raw bagasse.

As is clear from the results shown in Table 1, regarding the pH change, sodium hydroxide conventionally used tends to exhibit a slower pH decrease than calcium oxide. Regarding changes in the components, it was found that cellulose and hemicellulose, which are important for roughage, are significantly decomposed and lost by using sodium hydroxide.

On the other hand, the one using calcium oxide was found to be extremely convenient as a feed raw material since cellulose and hemicellulose were hardly lost. Regarding the flexibility of bagasse, all test plots were well softened.

From the above results, it was found that calcium oxide is extremely suitable as an alkali agent for producing alkali-treated agricultural waste.

[0052]

[Experiment 2] <Combination of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide for alkaline treatment> Bagasse was used as an example of agricultural waste. According to the method of Experiment 1, water was added to bagasse to make water content 70%, and calcium oxide (CaO) was added at 2% or 3% per bagasse solid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 1% per bagasse solid. 2% or 4%
PH change of the alkali-treated bagasse obtained by mixing
The changes in composition and flexibility were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0053]

[Table 2]

As is clear from the results in Table 2, it is surprising that the combined use of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide as the alkaline agent exhibits similar advantages to the case of using calcium oxide alone in Experiment 1. It turned out a fact. That is, it was found that, in each of the test groups, the loss of cellulose and hemicellulose was small and the flexibility was sufficient as in the case of using calcium oxide alone, and the combined use of calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide was preferable.

From the above results, it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide in an amount not exceeding the amount of calcium oxide used as an alkali agent for producing alkali-treated agricultural waste, in which the active ingredients cellulose and hemicellulose are often used. It has been proved that it is suitable because it remains, and the decomposition of lignin proceeds, and a high-quality alkali-processed agricultural waste for feed having good flexibility is obtained.

[0056]

[Experiment 3] <Influence of plant concentrated feed material on pH reduction of alkali-treated agricultural waste> For each alkali-treated agricultural waste at the treatment time of 24 hours obtained by the method of Experiment 2, various plant concentrates were added. The feed ingredients were mixed and their mixing ratio and the extent of pH drop were measured. That is, with respect to the alkali-treated agricultural waste, pressed barley, rice bran, wheat bran and defatted soybean were added to the solid matter at 10%, 20%, 40% and 10% respectively.
Experiment 1 after mixing 0% and equal weight of water to each
The pH was measured according to the method of. The difference between the pH of the alkali-treated agricultural waste and the pH after mixing the plant concentrated feed material and water was calculated, and the average value of the lowered pH was calculated for each concentrated feed material used. The results are summarized in Table 3.

[0057]

[Table 3]

As is clear from the results shown in Table 3, when the pH of the alkali-treated agricultural waste is lowered by about 1.0, for example, the alkali-treated agricultural waste having a pH of 10.6 is adjusted to pH 9 which is a range where lactic acid bacteria of the genus Enterococcus can grow. Although it depends on the type of plant concentrate feed material to be used, the amount of plant concentrate feed material is usually 20% per solid matter with respect to alkali-treated agricultural waste.
As described above, it is preferable to contain 40% or more.

As described above, according to the present invention, the pH of the lactic acid bacterium can be grown by adding the concentrated plant feed material to the alkali-treated agricultural waste having a pH of 10 or more, which makes it difficult for the lactic acid bacterium to grow as it is. In addition to facilitating the inoculation and fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and significantly shortening the production period of fermented feed, it also significantly enhances the nutritional value of the obtained fermented feed, which is extremely advantageous for the production of fermented feed.

Hereinafter, in order to specifically describe the present invention,
Some examples of fast-fermenting fermented feeds using a plant concentrate feed material together with alkali-treated agricultural waste will be described, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0061]

[Example 1] Water was added to bagasse to about 70% water content, and calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide were mixed thereto at 4% and 1%, respectively, per bagasse solid matter, and the mixture was left to stand overnight to pH.
About 10.5 alkali-treated bagasse was obtained. To 100 parts by weight of this alkali-treated bagasse, 15 parts by weight of wheat flour and 1 end powder
PH of 9.7 by mixing 0 parts by weight, defatted soybeans 5 parts by weight, urea 0.2 parts by weight, salt 0.2 parts by weight and water 30 parts by weight.
The seed culture of Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM BP-4504) was inoculated, covered with a plastic sheet and fermented at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a fast-fermented feed.

The product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, and is suitable as a feed for ruminants.
In addition, it is also possible to advantageously add other nutrient sources to the fast-fermented fermented feed to further enhance the feed value and to produce feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry.

[0063]

Example 2 Water was added to bagasse to about 70% water, and 4% of sodium hydroxide was mixed with this, and the mixture was left overnight to obtain alkali-treated bagasse having a pH of about 10.6. To 100 parts by weight of this alkali-treated bagasse, 20 parts by weight of pressed corn, 5 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 parts by weight of powdered flour, 0.2 parts by weight of urea and 30 parts by weight of water are mixed to adjust the pH.
Was reduced to less than 9.7, and this was inoculated with a seed culture of Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM BP-4504) and fermented in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a fast-fermented feed.

The product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, and is suitable as a feed for ruminants.
In addition, it is also possible to advantageously add other nutrient sources to the fast-fermented fermented feed to further enhance the feed value and to produce feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry.

[0065]

Example 3 Water was added to bagasse to about 60% water, and calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide as alkali agents were mixed to the bagasse solid matter at 6% and 2%, respectively, and left overnight. An alkali-treated bagasse having a pH of about 10.7 was obtained. To 100 parts by weight of this alkali-treated bagasse, 20 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10 parts by weight of defatted soybeans, 10 parts by weight of molasses, 0.2 parts by weight of phosphorus ammonium and 50 parts by weight of water were mixed, and p
H was reduced to less than 9.7, which caused Enterococcus
Seed cultures of Casselli flavus IFO 3531 and Lactobacillus plantarum IFO 3070 were respectively inoculated and fermented in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a rapid fermented feed.

The product is a high-quality feed having good digestibility and high palatability, and is suitable as a feed for ruminants.
In addition, it is also possible to advantageously add other nutrient sources to the fast-fermented fermented feed to further enhance the feed value and to produce feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry.

[0067]

Example 4 Calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide as alkaline agents were mixed in 4% and 2%, respectively, of bagasse having a water content of about 47%, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight and p
An alkali-treated bagasse with H of about 10.6 was obtained. To 100 parts by weight of this alkali-treated bagasse, 10 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10 parts by weight of defatted soybean, 5 parts by weight of corn gluten meal, 10 parts by weight of molasses, 0.2 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate and 60 parts by weight of water were mixed to adjust pH. The seed cultures of Enterococcus faecalis IFO 3791 and Lactobacillus brevis IFO 3345 were respectively inoculated into the flexible bag and fermented at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a rapid fermented feed. It was

This product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, and is suitable as a feed for ruminants.
In addition, it is also possible to advantageously add other nutrient sources to the fast-fermented fermented feed to further enhance the feed value and to produce feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry.

[0069]

Example 5 Bagasse having a water content of about 45% was mixed with calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide as alkaline agents at 2.5% per bagasse solid matter, and the mixture was left overnight.
An alkali-treated bagasse having a pH of about 10.8 was obtained. To 100 parts by weight of this alkali-treated bagasse, 20 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 parts by weight of pressed barley, 5 parts by weight of defatted rice bran, 10 parts by weight of molasses,
The pH was adjusted to 9 by mixing 5 parts by weight of whey and 70 parts by weight of water.
To less than 7 and inoculated with seed cultures of Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM BP-4504), Lactobacillus rhamnosus IFO 3532, Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO 13952, filled in flexible bags, and
Fermentation was carried out at room temperature for 3 days to obtain a rapid fermented feed.

The product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, and is suitable as a feed for ruminants.
Further, it is also possible to advantageously add other nutrient sources to the fast-fermenting fermented feed to further enhance the feed value and to produce feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry.

[0071]

[Example 6] The rapid-fermented fermented feed obtained by the method of Example 4 was dried with hot air to produce a dried rapid-fermented fermented feed having a water content of about 20%.

This product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, and also has good preservability and is suitable for transportation to a distant place.

[0073]

Example 7 Water added to corn cobs to about 50% water
And calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide,
2.5% of each of the corn cob solids was mixed and left overnight to obtain an alkali-treated corn cob having a pH of about 10.5. 100 parts by weight of this alkali-treated corn cob was mixed with 20 parts by weight of pressed barley, 15 parts by weight of rapeseed meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 parts by weight of powdered powder, and 66 parts by weight of water to have a pH of less than 9.7. And enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM B
P-4504) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus IF
Each seed culture of O3532 was inoculated, filled in a flexible bag, and fermented at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a fast-fermented feed.

This product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, which is suitable not only as a feed for ruminants but also as a feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry. it can.

[0075]

[Embodiment 8] Water is added to the Koryan trunk to make the water content about 50%, and calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide are mixed thereto at 3% and 2%, respectively, based on the solid content of the Koryan trunk, and the mixture is left to stand overnight to adjust the pH to about. An alkaline treated Koryan trunk of 10.6 was obtained. To 100 parts by weight of the alkali-treated Koryan trunk, 15 parts by weight of wheat flour, 5 parts by weight of powdered powder, 10 parts by weight of flattened corn, 10 parts by weight of defatted soybean, and 0.
2 parts by weight and 45 parts by weight of water are mixed to lower the pH to below 9.7, to which Enterococcus faecium
A seed culture of HL-5 (FERM BP-4504) was inoculated, filled in a flexible bag, and fermented at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a rapid fermented feed.

This product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, which is suitable not only as a feed for ruminants but also as a feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry. it can.

[0077]

Example 9 Wheat straw was hydrated to a water content of about 50%. Calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide were mixed with the wheat straw solids at 5% and 1%, respectively, and the mixture was left to stand overnight to a pH of about 10. An alkali-treated wheat straw of 8 was obtained. To 100 parts by weight of this alkali-treated wheat straw, press flat 1
5 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10 parts by weight of defatted soybean, 10 parts by weight of molasses, 0.2 part by weight of urea, 0.1 part by weight of bone powder and 40 parts by weight of water are mixed to bring the pH to less than 9.7. Lower,
Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (F
A seed culture of ERM BP-4504) was inoculated, covered with a plastic sheet and fermented at room temperature for 2 days to obtain a fast-fermented feed.

This product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, and is suitable as a feed for ruminants.
In addition, it is also possible to advantageously add other nutrient sources to the fast-fermented fermented feed to further enhance the feed value and to produce feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry.

[0079]

Example 10: 3 parts by weight of a mixture of rice husks and barley straw of 3: 1 are added to water to give a water content of about 50%, to which calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide are added, respectively 4.3% per mixture solids. 2.2% was mixed and left overnight to obtain an alkali-treated product having a pH of about 11.0. To 40 parts by weight of this alkali-treated product, 40 parts by weight of pressed corn, 30 parts by weight of pressed barley, 16 parts by weight of wheat flour, 6 parts by weight of defatted rice bran, 10 parts by weight of molasses and 90 parts by weight of water were added to adjust the pH. 9.7
The seed cultures of Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM BP-4504), Lactobacillus rhamnosus IFO 3532 and Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO 13952 were respectively inoculated into the flexible bag, and the mixture was filled in a flexible bag at room temperature. Fermented for 2 days to obtain a fast-fermented fermented feed.

The product is a high-quality feed with good digestibility and high palatability, and is suitable as a feed for ruminants.
Further, it is also possible to advantageously add other nutrient sources to the fast-fermenting fermented feed to further enhance the feed value and to produce feed for monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry.

[0081]

Example 11 Twenty cows weighing 400 to 500 kg were fed with the fast-fermenting fermented feed obtained by the method of Example 4 and bred for 60 days. The fast-fermenting fermented feed had a high palatability, and the daily intake was about 20 to 25 kg, the health condition and fattening condition were good, and the average weight gain per day was about 2.1 kg.

[0082]

As is apparent from the above, according to the present invention, the alkali-treated agricultural waste contains the plant concentrate feed material, and the pH thereof is less than 10, preferably pH.
It became possible to easily produce a high-quality fast-fermenting fermented feed having good digestibility and high palatability by inoculating lactic acid bacteria and performing lactic acid fermentation while lowering it to less than 9.7.

The present invention is not limited to simply saving farmers and agricultural products processors who are in trouble with waste disposal and livestock farmers who are suffering from a shortage of roughage, and the effects thereof are extremely widespread in the fields of feed and animal husbandry. Reach Furthermore, when this is viewed from a large global scale, it does not compete with human food at all, and from agricultural waste that is unused biomass that is produced in large quantities every year, it becomes a new food for human beings and dairy products. It would be no exaggeration to say that the establishment of new technology to save the future of the Earth, which is facing the challenges of environmental destruction, population explosion, food crisis, etc. There is something unknown.

Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. A fast-fermenting fermented feed obtained by containing a concentrated plant feed material in alkali-treated agricultural waste, lowering the pH thereof to less than 10, and inoculating lactic acid bacteria to lactic acid fermentation. 2. The alkali-treated agricultural waste is softened by using an alkaline agent for the agricultural waste and suppressing the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. Rapid fermented feed. 3. The fast-fermenting fermented feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant-derived concentrated feed material is one or more selected from crushed grains, bran and lees. 4. A plant-based concentrated feed material is added to an alkali-treated agricultural waste having a pH of 10.5 or more in an amount of 20 per solid.
The content of w / w% or more is contained.
Or the rapid fermentation fermented feed according to 3. 5. The lactic acid bacterium is one or more selected from genus Enterococcus or lactic acid bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus together with Enterococcus. Or the fast-fermenting fermented feed according to 4. 6. A lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus,
Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FERM
BP-4504), The rapid-fermented fermented feed according to claim 5, which is characterized in that 7. A method for producing a fast-fermenting fermented feed, characterized in that an alkali-treated agricultural waste material is made to contain a plant-derived concentrated feed material, the pH thereof is lowered to less than 10, and lactic acid bacteria are inoculated for lactic acid fermentation. 8. The alkali-treated agricultural waste is obtained by subjecting the agricultural waste to alkaline treatment under moist conditions to be softened in a state in which the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose is suppressed. A method for producing the rapid fermentation fermented feed described. 9. The method for producing a quick-fermented fermented feed according to claim 7, wherein the alkali treatment is performed using an alkaline agent. 10. The method for producing a fast-fermenting feed according to claim 9, wherein sodium hydroxide is used together with calcium oxide or calcium oxide as the alkaline agent. 11. A plant concentrate feed material is a crushed grain product,
The method for producing a fast-fermented fermented feed according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, which is one kind or two or more kinds selected from bran and rice meal. 12. Plant-concentrated feed material is added to the alkali-treated agricultural waste having a pH of 10.5 or more in an amount of 2 per solid.
8. The content of 0 w / w% or more is included,
The method for producing a fast-fermenting fermented feed according to 8, 9, 10 or 11. 13. The lactic acid bacterium is one or more selected from the genus Enterococcus or the genus Enterococcus, along with Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus. The method for producing a fast-fermenting fermented feed according to 10, 11, or 12. 14. A lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus is Enterococcus faecium HL-5 (FE
It is RM BP-4504), The manufacturing method of the quick-fermentation feed of Claim 13 characterized by the above-mentioned. 15. The rapid fermenting feed is a ruminant feed and / or a monogastric animal feed.
The method for producing a fast-fermenting fermented feed according to 0, 11, 12, 13 or 14. 16. An alkaline-treated agricultural waste containing a plant-rich feed material, the pH of which is lowered to less than 10 and lactic acid bacterium inoculation to give lactic acid-fermented fermented fermented feed to livestock for breeding. Characteristic livestock breeding method. 17. The alkali-treated agricultural waste is softened by using an alkaline agent for the agricultural waste and suppressing the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. Livestock breeding method. 18. A plant-based agricultural feed material is added to an alkali-treated agricultural waste having a pH of 10.5 or more in an amount of 2 per solid.
The content of 0 w / w% or more is contained.
Or the method for raising livestock according to 17. 19. The lactic acid bacterium is one or more selected from lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus or the genus Enterococcus, along with Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus. The method for raising livestock described.