KR101352442B1 - Method for washing biomass, method for producing biomass charcoal and method for operating vertical furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The biomass washing method includes a first step of subjecting the biomass to any one of a drying treatment, a softening treatment or a cell membrane destruction treatment, and a second process of water washing the biomass subjected to the first process. Has The softening treatment or the destruction of the cell membrane is performed by subjecting the biomass to pressure above atmospheric pressure. The method for producing biomass consists of distilling the washed biomass. The operation method of a vertical furnace consists of blowing in the manufactured biomass from the tuyeres of a vertical furnace as a biomass for blowing a vertical furnace.

Description

METHOD FOR WASHING BIOMASS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS CHARCOAL AND METHOD FOR OPERATING VERTICAL FURNACE}

The present invention relates to a method for cleaning a biomass, a method for producing a biomass that carbonizes preprocessed biomass to produce a biomass, and operation of a vertical furnace using the manufactured biomass. (Iii) It is about a method.

Recently, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is an urgent task from the viewpoint of preventing global warming. As a method of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, technology development such as replacing conventional coal, petroleum, etc., which recovers carbon dioxide at the output, which reduces the amount of carbon at the input, with a carbon-free carbon source, has been performed. . Biomass is known as a carbon-free carbon source. Examples of the biomass include wood waste generated from dismantling of construction houses, wood waste generated from sawmills, pruning waste from forests, and agricultural waste. As the method of using the treatment, landfilling, leaving, incineration, fuel and the like are mainly used. In addition, biofuel crops for fuel use are also known.

In addition, a technique of pyrolyzing such biomass to produce a combustible gas or carbide (biomass) and recycling it as a fuel is also known (see Patent Document 1, for example).

On the other hand, in the blast furnace which is a vertical furnace which manufactures pig iron, coke is used as a raw material and iron source, such as iron ore, and pulverized coal is used as an auxiliary fuel. The use amount of expensive coke can be reduced by blowing inexpensive pulverized coal with hot air from the blast furnace tuyere. By using said biomass as this pulverized coal, it becomes possible to contribute to carbon dioxide emission reduction.

Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-213273

However, when biomass is used instead of pulverized coal for blast furnace injection, depending on the kind of biomass which is a raw material of biomass, potassium, sodium, etc. may be contained, and it is a problem.

That is, when potassium, sodium, etc. are contained in biomass, they remain in biomass (carbide), and when potassium is used as pulverized coal (blast furnace reducing material) for blowing blast furnace, For example, sodium may remain in the blast furnace, causing adverse effects such as blockage in the furnace or deterioration of breathability.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, and even if the biomass contains alkali metals such as potassium or sodium, the biomass washing with low alkali metal content can be produced. It is providing the method, the manufacturing method of a biomass, and the operation method of a vertical furnace.

The features of the present invention to solve these problems are as follows.

(1) a first step of subjecting the biomass to any one of a drying treatment, a softening treatment or a cell membrane destruction treatment;

A biomass cleaning method comprising a second step of water washing the biomass subjected to the first step.

(2) The cleaning method of biomass according to (1), wherein the first step is to perform a softening treatment or a cell membrane destruction treatment by pressurizing the biomass to an atmospheric pressure.

(3) The method for cleaning the biomass according to (2), wherein the pressurization treatment is pressurized at a pressure of 2 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2 or more.

(4) The washing method for biomass according to (2) or (3), wherein the pressurizing treatment is pressurized using pressurized steam.

(5) The said 1st process consists of performing any of a softening process or the destruction of a cell membrane,

The cleaning method of the biomass in any one of (2)-(4) which has a drying process which dries the biomass which processed the said 1st process before a said 2nd process.

(6) The cleaning method of biomass according to (1), wherein the first step is performed by drying the biomass by maintaining the temperature at 60 ° C or higher.

(7) The said 1st process consists of performing a drying process,

The said 2nd process WHEREIN: The washing | cleaning method of the biomass as described in (1) which consists of washing with water while crushing the biomass which performed the drying process.

(8) The said water washing | cleaning is the washing | cleaning method of the biomass in any one of (1)-(7) which is an acid washing | cleaning which wash | cleans with the aqueous solution which added the acid.

(9) A method for producing biomass, characterized in that dry distillation of the washed biomass is carried out using the method for cleaning the biomass according to any one of (1) to (8).

(10) The method for producing biomass, according to claim 9, wherein the dry distillation is performed at 400 to 800 ° C.

(11) Operation of a vertical furnace, wherein the biomass produced using the production method described in (9) or (10) is blown from a tuyeres in a vertical furnace as a biomass for blowing in a vertical furnace. Way.

According to the present invention, even when the biomass contains an alkali metal such as potassium or sodium, a biomass having a low alkali metal content can be obtained and a biomassate having a low alkali metal content can be produced. In addition, the air permeability in the vertical furnace which blows in and uses biomass is also improved. In using the cleaned biomass, it is possible to avoid equipment troubles caused by alkali metals such as ash fix problems to the furnace inner wall and ash fix problems to the heat recovery boiler.

As a result, even biomass containing alkali metal can be dried and used as a vertical biomass blown, and the reuse of biomass can be promoted, contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

(Mode for carrying out the invention)

[Embodiment 1]

In Embodiment 1, the pressurization process over atmospheric pressure is performed to biomass, and water washing is carried out after that. Since alkali metals such as potassium and sodium contained in the biomass are not adhered to the surface of the biomass, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the content of the alkali metal simply by washing with water. However, by performing a pressurizing treatment before water washing and then releasing pressure thereafter, the biomass is softened and the cell membranes are destroyed, so that the alkali metal can be removed by water washing.

The pressurization treatment is effective if it exceeds the atmospheric pressure. However, if pressurization is performed at a pressure of 2 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2 or more, the effect of removing alkali metal in subsequent water washing is large and effective. It is preferable to pressurize at the pressure of 1 * 10 <^6> N / m <2> or less. Pressurizing at a pressure exceeding 1 × 10 ⁶ N / m 2 is not economical because equipment costs and operating costs increase.

It is preferable to make time of a pressurization process 30 minutes or more, and it is more preferable if it is 1 hour or more. In addition, it is preferable to make time of a pressurization process into 5 hours from the viewpoint of the effect of a pressurization process.

It is preferable to perform pressurization process using water vapor. Pressurized processing using water vapor can be performed by, for example, charging saturated biomass into a treatment tank filled with biomass and sealed.

It is preferable to dry the biomass subjected to the pressurization treatment, followed by water washing. Since the water washing liquid penetrates well into the biomass by drying after the pressurization treatment, the effect of removing the alkali metal is improved.

The water washing treatment may be carried out by immersing the biomass in water, but it is preferable to add an acid such as sulfuric acid to the water to make the acid washing treatment. By acid washing, the cell membrane of the biomass is destroyed, so that the effect of removing the alkali metal is further improved.

Biomass is a generic term for a certain amount of plant and animal resources and wastes originating therefrom (except fossil resources). The biomass used in the present invention includes agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, and waste systems. Any biomass that is pyrolyzed to produce carbides can be used. It is preferable to use biomass with high effective calorific value, and it is preferable to use wood-based biomass. Wood-based biomass includes pulp black liquor, paper dust such as chip dust, and woody byproducts such as bark and sawdust, and forest litter residues such as eggplant, leaves, branch tips, and short grains. 제), lumbers, cedars, cypresses, pines, etc., from special forests such as raw shiitake mushrooms, edible mushrooms, etc. Forest wastes such as forest biomass such as forests of short-forests such as forests, willows, poplars, eucalyptus and pine trees, pruned branches such as street trees and garden trees of private homes, and trees and businesses in Nara and prefectures. Pruning branches such as garden trees, and industrial wastes such as construction and building wastes. Agricultural biomass such as rice bran, straw, rice straw, sugar cane waste, palm trees (oil palm trees), etc. classified as agricultural biomass, rice bran, oilseed rape, soybean, etc. Part of can also be suitably used as wood-based biomass.

In the first embodiment, it is effective to use biomass containing a high concentration of alkali metals such as potassium and sodium as a raw material, and is particularly effective when the biomass is produced. It is preferable to use the present invention for the. Examples of biomass containing high concentrations of alkali metals such as potassium and sodium include palm trees (oil palm trees), corn and bananas. Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB), a by-product of palm oil, are fruit-bearing necks containing oil and contain 2-3 mass% of potassium. Dry base) is known.

It is preferable to wash the biomass after the crushing treatment to a predetermined particle size. Since the cleaning effect is improved as the particle size (maximum length) is smaller, the particle size is preferably 200 mm or less. On the other hand, when the particle size is too small, the carbonization process becomes difficult by the carbonization method, such as when carbonization is performed by using a shaft furnace, so that the particle size is preferably 5 mm or more. When using a fibrous thing whose biomass is thin, it can also wash | clean without crushing. For example, the process room of palm tree (oil palm tree) of 300-500 mm in length can be used for Embodiment 1 as it is, without crushing.

The biomass cleaned by the above method is in a state where the content of alkali metal is sufficiently reduced, and the biomass is dried by heating by interrupting or limiting the supply of air (oxygen) and heating. It is preferable to perform dry distillation at 400-800 degreeC. As the dry flow furnace, for example, a vertical furnace such as a shaft furnace can be used. Since the biomassane thus produced does not contain alkali metal at a high concentration, it can be suitably used for blowing in a vertical shape. The biomassane produced using the biomass cleaned by the above-mentioned method can be pulverized to a particle size suitable for blowing, and blown in from the tuyeres of a vertical furnace.

Since water used for water washing of biomass contains minerals, such as potassium at high concentration, it is preferable to use it as a fertilizer. Since the washing water used for several times of washing contains several mass% of potassium, for example, it can be used suitably as a fertilizer. By performing the water washing treatment, it is possible to effectively use the water after washing as a fertilizer without incurring transportation costs. At the same time, the wastewater treatment becomes unnecessary.

Example 1

As a biomass, the washing | cleaning test was done using the fresh fruits (banana root part of a room) of banana (Giant Caendendish). The hyperaxes were crushed to a thickness of 3 mm and a length of 30 mm, and dried, pressurized, and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 1 to 5 in Table 1, and the various components remaining in the biomass after the treatment were measured. The washing was performed using distilled water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 1, and is shown.

In addition, the same test Nos. 6-10 were performed using different banana fruits. The results are shown in Table 2.

According to Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the concentration of potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) is significantly reduced when the water washing treatment is performed after the pressurization treatment as compared with the case of no treatment. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered. When Mg decreases, ash content decreases and the calorific value of carbides improves. It also has the effect of reducing the amount of ash after combustion.

[Example 2]

As a biomass, the washing | cleaning test was done using the empty fruit bag (EFB) of an oil palm tree. EFB was crushed to a thickness of 5 mm and a length of 50 mm, and dried, pressurized, and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 11 to 15 in Table 3, and the various components remaining in the biomass after the treatment were measured. The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 3, and is shown.

According to Table 3, it turns out that potassium (K) concentration falls significantly when water washing process is performed after pressurization process compared with the case of no treatment. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered.

[Example 3]

As a biomass, the washing | cleaning test was done using the empty fruit bag (EFB) of an oil palm tree. EFB was finely crushed to a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm, and dried, pressurized and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 16 to 20 in Table 4, and the various components remaining in the biomass after the treatment were measured. . The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 4, and is shown.

According to Table 4, it turns out that potassium (K) concentration falls significantly when water washing process is performed after pressurization process compared with the case of no treatment. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered.

In comparison with the result of Table 3, the washing | cleaning effect is improved. This can be said to be an effect of crushing EFB more finely.

Example 4

As a biomass, the washing test was performed using the empty fruit bag (EFB) of the oil palm tree, the carbonization process was performed, and the biomassane was manufactured. EFB was crushed to a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm, and dried, pressurized and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 21 to 25 in Table 5, and dried and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain biomass after treatment. Various components remaining in the mixture were measured. The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 5, and is shown.

According to Table 5, it turns out that potassium (K) concentration falls significantly when water washing process is performed after pressurization process compared with the case of no treatment. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered.

[Example 5]

As the biomass, a carbonization test was carried out using an empty fruit bunch (EFB) of oil palm trees, and then a washing treatment was performed to produce a biomass. EFB was crushed to a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm, carbonized and carbonized at 500 ° C as shown in Test Nos. 26 to 28 in Table 6, and further dried, pressurized and washed, respectively, and treated bio-treated. Various components remaining in the mastan were measured. The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 6, and is shown.

According to Table 6, in the case of performing the water washing treatment after producing the biomass, the potassium (K) concentration is lower than that in the case of no treatment, but it is not less than 1 mass%, and the effect of lowering the K concentration is It can be seen that it is not enough.

[Example 6]

The oil palm (FFB) was placed in a steam kiln and pressurized with saturated steam at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2 for 1 hour. Palm fruit was separated from the rapidly treated FFB to obtain a fruit fruit (EFB). At this stage, the potassium content of EFB was 3 mass% (dry base).

EFB obtained at the above-mentioned process was introduced into the carbonization furnace as it was, and carbonized at 500 degreeC, and carbide was obtained. The potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 3 mass%.

In the same manner, the obtained EFB was washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace, and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide. The potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.9 mass%.

Similarly, the obtained EFB was rapidly heated to dryness, further washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace and carbonized at 500 ° C to obtain a carbide. The potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.5 mass%. The temperature of EFB just before drying EFB was 70 degreeC or more, so that the heat of steam processing may not be missed. Thereby, the energy required for drying EFB could be saved more than energy required for drying EFB of normal temperature.

[Embodiment 2]

In Embodiment 2, a drying process is performed to biomass, and water washing is carried out after that. Since alkali metals such as potassium and sodium contained in the biomass are not adhered to the surface of the biomass, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the content of the alkali metal simply by washing with water. However, by performing the drying treatment prior to the water washing, the washing liquid can penetrate the inside of the biomass well, so that the removal effect of the alkali metal is improved and the alkali metal can be removed by the water washing.

The drying treatment is effective when the water content of the biomass is lowered. However, the drying treatment is effective when the drying is carried out by maintaining the temperature at 60 ° C or higher, thereby increasing the alkali metal removal effect in subsequent water washing. More preferably, it is a drying process at 100 degreeC or more, At 100 degreeC or more, destruction of a cell membrane is accelerated | stimulated by rapid moisture evaporation, and the effect of water washing improves. It is preferable to perform a drying process at the temperature of 200 degrees C or less. When it exceeds 200 degreeC, installation cost and operating cost increase and it is not economical. In addition, biomass is thermally decomposed to deteriorate.

It is preferable to make time of a drying process 30 minutes or more, and it is more preferable if it is 1 hour or more. In addition, from the viewpoint of the effect of the drying treatment, the drying treatment time is preferably within 5 hours.

In addition to the above-mentioned, a drying process can be performed by reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, superheated steam drying, etc.

After performing a pressurization process, it is preferable to perform a drying process to a biomass, and to wash with water after that. By pressurizing the biomass prior to water washing and then releasing the pressure thereafter, the biomass is softened and the cell membranes are destroyed, and the alkali metal removal effect is improved.

Although pressurization of biomass is effective if it exceeds atmospheric pressure, when pressurizing at the pressure of 2x10 <^5> N / m <2> or more, the effect of alkali metal removal by the subsequent water washing is large, and it is effective. It is preferable to perform pressurization process using water vapor. Pressurized processing using water vapor can be performed by, for example, charging saturated biomass into a treatment tank filled with biomass and sealed.

The water washing treatment may be carried out by immersing the biomass in water, but it is preferable to add an acid such as sulfuric acid to the water to make the acid washing treatment. By acid washing, the cell membrane of the biomass is destroyed, so that the effect of removing the alkali metal is further improved.

Biomass is a generic term for a certain amount of plant and animal resources and wastes originating therefrom (except fossil resources). The biomass used in the present invention includes agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, and waste systems. Any biomass that is pyrolyzed to produce carbides can be used. It is preferable to use biomass with high effective calorific value, and it is preferable to use wood-based biomass. Examples of woody biomass include paper by-products such as pulp black liquor and chip dust, product by-products such as bark and sawdust, forest residues such as eggplant, leaves, branch tips, and cuttings, cedar, cypress and pine.間) From special forests such as logging, edible fungi, and wood for growing shiitake mushrooms; Shintan forests such as buckthorn, pine, pine, pine, willow, poplar, eucalyptus, pine, etc. General wastes such as forest biomass for forestry, pruning branches such as street trees and garden trees in private houses, pruned branches such as road trees in Nara and prefecture, garden trees of companies, construction wastes Industrial wastes; Agricultural biomass such as rice bran, straw, rice straw, sugar cane waste, palm trees (oil palm trees), etc. classified as agricultural biomass, rice bran, oilseed rape, soybean, etc. Part of can also be suitably used as wood-based biomass.

In Embodiment 2, it is effective when it uses biomass containing as a raw material the biomass which contains a high concentration of alkali metals, such as potassium and sodium among above-mentioned biomass, and is effective, and potassium concentration is 1 mass% or more (dry It is preferable to use the present invention for the biomass of the base). Examples of biomass containing high concentrations of alkali metals such as potassium and sodium include palm trees (oil palm trees), corn and bananas. It is known that the fruit powder (EFB) of palm tree (oil palm tree) which is a by-product of palm oil is a fruit part containing the oil, and contains 2-3 mass% of potassium (dry base).

It is preferable to wash the biomass after the crushing treatment to a predetermined particle size. Since the cleaning effect is improved as the particle size (maximum length) is smaller, the particle size is preferably 200 mm or less. On the other hand, when the particle size is too small, the carbonization process becomes difficult by the carbonization method, such as when carbonization is performed by using a shaft furnace, so that the particle size is preferably 5 mm or more. When using a fibrous thing whose biomass is thin, it can also wash | clean without crushing. For example, the empty room of 300-500 mm palm tree (oil palm tree) can be used for this invention as it is, without crushing.

The biomass cleaned by the above method is in a state where the content of alkali metal is sufficiently reduced, and the biomass is dried by heating by interrupting or limiting the supply of air (oxygen) and heating. It is preferable to perform dry distillation at 400-800 degreeC. As the dry flow furnace, for example, a vertical furnace such as a shaft furnace can be used. Since the biomassane thus produced does not contain alkali metal at a high concentration, it can be suitably used for blowing in a vertical shape. The biomassane produced using the biomass cleaned by the above-mentioned method can be pulverized to a particle size suitable for blowing, and blown in from the tuyeres of a vertical furnace.

Since water used for water washing of biomass contains minerals, such as potassium at high concentration, it is preferable to use it as a fertilizer. Since the washing water used for several times of washing contains several mass% of potassium, for example, it can be used suitably as a fertilizer. By performing the water washing treatment, it is possible to effectively use the water after washing as a fertilizer without incurring transportation costs. At the same time, the wastewater treatment becomes unnecessary.

[Example 7]

As a biomass, the washing | cleaning test was done using the fresh fruits of banana (Giant Cavendish) (base part of a room). The hyperaxes were crushed to a thickness of 3 mm and a length of 30 mm, and dried, pressurized, and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 1 to 5 in Table 1, and the various components remaining in the biomass after the treatment were measured. The washing was performed using distilled water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 7, and is shown.

In addition, the same test Nos. 6-10 were performed using different banana fruits. The results are shown in Table 8.

According to Tables 7 and 8, it can be seen that the concentration of potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) is significantly reduced when the water washing treatment is performed after the pressurization treatment, as compared with the case of no treatment. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered. When Mg decreases, ash content decreases and the calorific value of carbides improves. It also has the effect of reducing the amount of ash after combustion.

[Example 8]

As a biomass, the washing | cleaning test was done using the empty fruit bag (EFB) of an oil palm tree. EFB was crushed to a thickness of 5 mm and a length of 50 mm, and dried, pressurized and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 11 to 15 of Table 9, and the various components remaining in the biomass after the treatment were measured. The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 9, and is shown.

According to Table 9, it turns out that potassium (K) concentration falls when water washing process is performed after pressurization process compared with the case of no treatment. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered.

[Example 9]

As a biomass, the washing | cleaning test was done using the empty fruit bag (EFB) of an oil palm tree. EFB was finely crushed to a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm, and dried, pressurized, and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 16 to 20 in Table 10, and the various components remaining in the biomass after the treatment were measured. . The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 10, and is shown.

According to Table 10, when performing the water washing process after pressurization process compared with the case of no treatment, it turns out that potassium (K) concentration falls significantly. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered.

In comparison with the result of Table 9, the washing | cleaning effect is improved. This can be said to be an effect of crushing EFB more finely.

[Example 10]

As a biomass, the washing test was performed using the empty fruit bag (EFB) of an oil palm tree, and the carbonization process was performed after that, and biomass was manufactured. The EFB was crushed to a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm, and dried, pressurized, and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 21 to 25 in Table 11, and dried and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain biomass after treatment. Various components remaining in the mixture were measured. The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 11, and is shown.

According to Table 11, it turns out that potassium (K) concentration falls significantly when water washing process is performed after drying process compared with the case of no treatment. In particular, when the drying treatment is performed after the pressurizing treatment and the water washing treatment is performed thereafter, the K concentration is further lowered.

[Example 11]

As the biomass, a carbonization test was carried out using an empty fruit bunch (EFB) of oil palm trees, and then a washing treatment was performed to produce a biomass. EFB was crushed to a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm, and carbonized and carbonized at 500 ° C, further dried, pressurized and washed, respectively, as shown in Test Nos. 26 to 28 in Table 12. Various components remaining in the mastan were measured. The washing was performed using tap water, the drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and the pressurizing treatment was performed for 2 hours in a steam kiln at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2. The measurement result in a dry base is combined with Table 12, and is shown.

According to Table 12, when the water washing process is performed after the production of the biomass, the concentration of potassium (K) decreases as compared with the case of no treatment, but it is understood that the effect of lowering the K concentration is not sufficient.

[Example 12]

The oil palm (FFB) was placed in a steam kiln and pressurized with saturated steam at a pressure of 3.9 × 10 ⁵ N / m 2 for 1 hour. Palm fruit was separated from the rapidly treated FFB to obtain a fruit fruit (EFB). At this stage, the potassium content of EFB was 3 mass% (dry base).

EFB obtained at the above-mentioned process was introduced into the carbonization furnace as it was, and carbonized at 500 degreeC, and carbide was obtained. The potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 3 mass%.

In the same manner, the obtained EFB was washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace, and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide. The potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.9 mass%.

Similarly, the obtained EFB was rapidly heated to dryness, further washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace and carbonized at 500 ° C to obtain a carbide. At this time, drying of EFB was performed by processing with 100 degreeC dry air for 3 hours. The potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.5 mass%. By the way, the temperature of EFB just before drying EFB was maintained at 70 degreeC or more so that the heat of steam processing may not be missed. Thereby, the energy required for drying EFB could be saved more than energy required for drying EFB of normal temperature.

[Example 13]

As a biomass, the washing | cleaning test was done using the empty fruit bag (EFB) of an oil palm tree. The EFB was crushed to a size passing through a screen having a diameter of 50 mm using a single-axis hydraulic press-type crusher (RPC40160 manufactured by Oiketek Kojo Co., Ltd.). The crushed EFB was dried until it contained 10 mass% or less by natural drying. Next, about 10 kg of dry EFB was crushed to the size which passes the screen of (phi) 8 mm, (phi) 10 mm, and (phi) 12 mm using the cutter mill (ZJA3-561 by Horai Co., Ltd.). The throughputs when using each screen were 110 kg / h, 169 kg / h and 258 kg / h in order. The denser the screen, the lower the throughput, but it is necessary to lengthen the shredding treatment time in order to pass through the denser screen. At the time of crushing using each screen, tap water was supplied in the quantity of 930 L / h, and it wash | cleaned by stirring, crushing EFB. EFB after crushing and washing | cleaning dehydrated and the component which remains in EFB after a process was measured. Table 13 shows the results of the measurements at the dry base.

As a result of observing EFB after crushing, the small one was a fibrous shape of about 5 mm even when using any screen. When the screen of 8 mm was used, the fibrous EFB of 5-8 mm was mainly obtained. In the case of using a screen having a diameter of 10 mm, a fibrous EFB of 5 to 10 mm was mainly obtained. In the case of using a screen having a diameter of 12 mm, a fibrous EFB of 5 to 12 mm was mainly obtained. However, even when either screen was used, EFB longer than the screen diameter was mixed. This is considered to be because the EFBs having a thickness of 0.5 mm have a fibrous shape and the EFBs arranged in the fiber length direction have passed in the direction perpendicular to the screen.

According to Table 13, when crushing and water washing process are performed after a drying process compared with the case of no treatment, it turns out that potassium (K) concentration falls significantly. Moreover, it turned out that when a crushing size becomes small, there exists a tendency for K density | concentration to fall.

Claims (11)

The biomass containing 1 mass% or more of potassium concentration is pressure-treated at a pressure of 2 × 10 ⁵ N / m ² or more and 1 × 10 ⁶ N / m ^{2 to} perform softening treatment or destruction of cell membrane, followed by drying treatment. 1st process to perform,
A biomass cleaning method comprising a second step of water washing the biomass subjected to the first step. delete delete The method of claim 1,
A method for cleaning a biomass, which is pressurized using water vapor pressurized by the pressurization treatment. delete The method of claim 1,
The said 1st process performs the drying process by maintaining a biomass at the temperature of 60 degreeC or more. The method of claim 1,
The washing | cleaning method of the biomass which washes water, crushing the biomass which the said 2nd process performed the drying process. The method of claim 1,
The said water washing | cleaning method of the biomass washing | cleaning which is wash | cleaned with the aqueous solution which added the acid. A method for producing a biomass comprising dry distillation of the washed biomass using the method for cleaning a biomass according to claim 1. 10. The method of claim 9,
A method for producing biomass, wherein the dry distillation is performed at 400 to 800 ° C. The operation of a vertical furnace, wherein the biomass produced using the manufacturing method according to claim 9 or 10 is blown from a tuyere of a vertical furnace as a biomass for blowing a vertical furnace. Way.