JP5561481B2 - Oil palm empty fruit bunch pretreatment method and combustion / heat recovery method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pretreatment method that is performed before using an oil palm empty fruit bunch after removing fruit from a steam heated oil fruit fruit bunch as a fuel or a carbide raw material, and a combustion process for recovering combustion heat by burning the oil palm empty fruit bunch. The present invention relates to a heat recovery method.

  Studies have been made to effectively use the remaining empty fruit bunches when extracting palm oil from oil palm fruit. There are hundreds of small fruits with a diameter of several centimeters in the oil palm fruit bunch, and the fruit that has been fruited is called the empty fruit bunch (EFB). Since the fruit is strongly bonded to the core of the fruit cluster, in order to weaken this bond and facilitate separation, and to suppress alteration of the oil extraction component, the fruit cluster is steamed as seen in FIG. 8 of the accompanying drawings. Heat and then defruit the fruit with a rotating sieve or the like. Although empty fruit bunches with a lot of water are discharged in large quantities (about 30% by weight of the bunches), they have been discarded without being used effectively and left outdoors.

  On the other hand, crude oil is obtained from the fruit obtained by fruit removal by extracting the residue from the fruit and removing the residue. Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 8, this crude oil is washed by mixing the crude oil with warm water, and the water-soluble component in the crude oil is dissolved in the warm water, and oil-water separation is performed. By this oil / water separation, the crude oil is separated into crude coconut oil and washing waste liquid. The washing waste liquid is called Palm Oil Mill Effuluent (POME), which contains water-soluble and suspended solids (SS) contained in crude oil, has a high organic content, and requires biological oxygen. The amount (BOD) is 10,000 to tens of thousands ppm, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 10,000 to 100,000 ppm. The palm oil waste liquid is left in the cooling pond and cooled, and then anaerobically treated in the anaerobic pond (lagoon). In this anaerobic treatment, the palm oil waste liquid after cooling is retained in the anaerobic treatment pond for several months, so that organic components contained in this palm oil waste liquid are decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and methane gas by microorganisms and released into the atmosphere. After the BOD drops to about 100 ppm, it is discharged into the river.

Further, in recent years, attention has been focused on using biomass as an energy source for reducing CO ₂ gas emissions, so attempts have been made to effectively use empty fruit bunches as boiler fuel. Patent Document 1 proposes an apparatus used for this purpose. The apparatus of Patent Document 1 includes a steam-heated fruit removing machine that separates fruits and empty fruit bunches with a rotary sieve under steam pressure, an empty fruit bun cutting machine that cuts the empty fruit bunches after ripening, and an empty fruit after cutting. It is equipped with an empty fruit bunch press that squeezes the bunch. The empty fruit bunch is cut into fiber strips by an empty fruit bunch cutting machine, and then the water is removed by the empty fruit bunch press and used as boiler fuel.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-146593

  However, when an empty fruit bunch is burned in a combustion furnace using boiler fuel or gasified in a gasification furnace, the empty fruit bunch contains an alkali metal such as potassium (potassium content of about 3% by weight (dry Base)), a problem arises due to the presence of a large amount of potassium in the ash content of the residue obtained by burning or gasifying empty fruit bunches. In other words, if the ash contains a large amount of potassium, the ash is fused on the inner wall of the furnace and slagging that impedes the flow of the gas in the furnace occurs, or the ash is fused on the waste heat recovery boiler and the exhaust gas is circulated. In the fluidized bed furnace, the operation of the furnace is hindered, such as hindering or reducing the heat transfer efficiency, and the molten ash adheres to the surface of the fluidized particles such as silica sand and the fluidized particles agglomerate. In addition, when potassium is contained in the carbide produced using the empty fruit bunch as a carbide raw material, the same problem occurs when the carbide is used as a fuel, and the empty fruit bunch carbide is reduced to blast furnace blown pulverized coal (reduction for blast furnace). When used as a material, there is a problem in that potassium stays in the blast furnace, causing blockage or deterioration of air permeability in the furnace.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention, before using the empty fruit bunch of the oil palm fruit fruit from the oil palm fruit bunch as fuel or carbide raw material, the occurrence of problems due to the potassium contained in the empty fruit bunch It is an object of the present invention to provide a pretreatment method for an empty palm bunch of oil palm to be applied to prevent it, and a combustion / heat recovery method for an empty palm bunch of oil palm.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors tried to remove potassium contained in the empty fruit bunch of oil palm by washing with water. However, by simply washing with water or warm water and dehydrating, potassium is empty. It has been found that the potassium content cannot be reduced to such an extent that no trouble occurs in the furnace because it is not attached to the surface of the fruit tress. Furthermore, as a result of intensive studies, it has been found that the potassium content can be sufficiently reduced by providing the following configuration, leading to the present invention.

  According to the present invention, the above-described problems can be solved by the following configurations for the pretreatment method and the combustion / heat recovery method for the empty fruit bunch of oil palm.

<Pretreatment method>
The pretreatment method of the empty fruit bunch of the oil palm of the present invention is a pretreatment method applied before using the empty fruit bunch of oil palm obtained by defruiting the oil palm fruit bunch as fuel or carbide raw material. Crushing process, first squeezing dehydration process for squeezing and dewatering empty fruit bunches crushed in the crushing process, and first crude oil washing for washing crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit obtained by de-fruiting from oil palm bunches with warm water The heated warm water discharged in the second crude oil washing step for washing the crude oil again with warm water is added to the empty fruit bunch that has been dehydrated in the first pressure dehydration step, and the hot water is added in the hot water addition step. A second squeezing and dehydrating step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches again.

  In the present invention, after finishing the second squeezing and dewatering step from the crushing step, a sewage water adding step for adding water to the empty fruit bunch that has been squeezed and dehydrated in the second squeezing and dewatering step; It is good also as having a 3rd press dehydration process which presses and dehydrates the empty fruit bun after having been hydrated in (3).

  In this invention comprised in this way, an empty fruit bunch is processed in the following way at each process.

  (1) In the crushing step, for example, an empty palm bunch of oil palm that has already been steam-heated at the time of fruit removal and contains a lot of water is crushed. By crushing the empty fruit bunches, the core and stalk of the empty fruit bunches are made into fine pieces, and the cell walls are further broken down to allow intracellular potassium to exude into the surrounding water.

  (2) In the first press dehydration step, the empty fruit bunch crushed in the above (1) is press dehydrated (first press dehydration). By squeezing and dehydrating, the water containing potassium eluted from the empty fruit bunches is removed, and by pressing and pressurizing, moisture containing potassium is leached from the small pieces such as stalks of empty fruit bunches. It softens the core and other small pieces, breaks the cell membrane, and exudes intracellular potassium into the surrounding water.

  (3) In the warm water addition step, the washing warm water is added to the empty fruit bunch that has been squeezed and dehydrated in (2) above. The washing warm water uses washing warm water discharged in the second crude oil washing step in which the crude oil subjected to the first crude oil washing in which the crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit is washed with warm water is again washed with warm water. By adding hot water to the dehydrated empty fruit buns, the pressure applied by the squeezing is released and the water is absorbed while expanding, so the empty fruit buns are highly efficient in absorbing water and are short in time. In addition to being absorbed in the water, the water spreads to the inside and the remaining potassium can be sufficiently eluted in the water.

  (4) In the second squeezing and dehydrating step, the empty fruit bunch that has been water-hydrated in (3) is squeezed again (second squeezing and dehydrating). By squeezing and dehydrating the empty fruit buns that have been hydrated with warm water and absorbed moisture, the potassium content in the empty fruit bunches can be further reduced on the same principle as the first squeezing dehydration.

  Thus, when the empty palm bunch of oil palm is used as a fuel or a carbide raw material, it is possible to obtain an empty palm bunch with reduced potassium content to such an extent that the utilization is not hindered.

  Furthermore, in this invention, when performing a water-water addition process and a 3rd press dehydration process, after the operation of said (4), it goes up to (5) empty fruit bunch dehydrated by the 2nd press dehydration by said (4). Water is added to the water, and the empty fruit bunch that has been added with water is pressed and dehydrated again (third press dehydration). By squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit buns that have been hydrated with water and absorbed with water, the potassium content in the empty fruit bunches can be further reduced on the same principle as the first squeezing dehydration.

<Combustion and heat recovery method>
The method for burning and heat recovery of empty palm bunch of oil palm of the present invention is a combustion / heat recovery method for recovering combustion heat by burning empty oil bunch of oil palm obtained by defruiting the fruit from oil palm fruit bunch as fuel. The first crude oil washing process in which the crude oil obtained by squeezing the oil is washed with warm water to discharge the palm oil waste liquid, and the second crude oil washing in which the crude oil washed in the first crude oil washing process is washed again with warm water and the washing warm water is discharged. Steps, crushing step for crushing empty fruit bunches, first dewatering step for squeezing and dewatering empty fruit bunches crushed in the crushing step, and empty fruits squeezed and dehydrated in the first press dehydration step In the bunch, a warm water hydration process for hydrating the washing warm water discharged in the second crude oil washing process, a second squeeze dehydration process for squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit buns that have been hydrothermally heated in the warm water hydration process, and a first crude oil washing process Waste palm oil waste and first A methane fermentation process for methane fermentation of the squeezed liquid discharged in the squeezing and dehydration process, a combustion and heat recovery process for burning the empty fruit buns squeezed and dehydrated in the second squeezing and dehydrating process in a combustion furnace, and recovering the combustion heat In the combustion / heat recovery process, the methane gas generated in the methane fermentation process is also combusted.

  In the combustion and heat recovery method of the present invention, the first crude oil washing is performed on the crude oil obtained by the fruit oil extraction, using the compressed liquid discharged in the first compression step in the empty fruit bunch pretreatment method described above. The obtained methane gas is combusted together with the dehydrated empty fruit bunch by methane fermentation together with the discharged palm oil waste liquid.

  The pre-treated empty fruit bunch pre-treated by the above-described empty fruit bunch pre-treatment method of the present invention is supplied to a combustion furnace or boiler as fuel together with the methane gas and burned, and heat is recovered from the combustion gas to obtain steam. It can be generated by a steam turbine generator or used as a heat source. As the combustion furnace, a known biomass combustion furnace, for example, a fixed bed furnace, a fluidized bed furnace, a circulating fluidized bed furnace, or a rotary kiln can be used, and the potassium in the empty fruit bunch of oil palm is greatly reduced by pretreatment. It can burn smoothly without hindrance.

  Further, in the present invention, between the second squeezing and dehydrating step and the combustion / heat recovery step, a sewage water adding step for adding water to the empty fruit bunch squeezed and dehydrated in the second squeezing and dewatering step; You may make it have further the 3rd press dehydration process which presses and dehydrates the empty fruit bunch watered at the water addition process again. In this case, after empty fruit bunch, it is burned after the third press dehydration step.

<Pretreatment method>
Another pretreatment method for the empty fruit bunch of the oil palm of the present invention is a pretreatment method applied before using the empty fruit bunch of oil palm obtained by defruiting the oil palm fruit bunch as a fuel or a carbide raw material. The crude oil washing process is to wash the crude oil obtained by squeezing with warm water and discharge palm oil waste liquid, and the palm oil waste liquid discharged in the crude oil washing process is stored and cooled in the cooling pond, and the empty fruit bunch is immersed in the cooling pond Palm oil waste liquid cooling / empty bunch soaking process, crushing process for crushing empty fruit bunch immersed in palm oil waste liquid cooling / empty bunch soaking process, and squeezing and dewatering empty fruit bunch crushed in the crushing process And a pressing dehydration step.

  Further, in the present invention, the above-described press dehydration step is performed as a first press dehydration step, and thereafter, an upper water hydration step of adding fresh water to the empty fruit buns that have been squeezed and dehydrated in the first press dehydration step, It is good also as having the 2nd press dehydration process of pressing and dehydrating the empty fruit bunch watered at the water addition process again.

  Further, the pre-treated empty fruit buns pre-treated by the pre-treatment method of the present invention can be supplied to a gasification furnace as a gasification raw material to be gasified to obtain a fuel gas, and the fuel gas is supplied to a gas engine generator. It can be used for power generation or other combustion devices. As the gas furnace, a known biomass gas furnace, such as a fixed bed furnace or a fluidized bed furnace, can be used, and potassium in the empty fruit bunch of oil palm is greatly reduced by pretreatment, so gasification is smooth without any trouble. can do.

  Furthermore, the pre-treated empty fruit buns pre-treated by the pre-treatment method of the present invention can be supplied to a carbonization furnace as a carbide raw material to be carbonized to obtain a carbide. The carbide can be used as a fuel, or blast furnace blown fine powder. It can be used as charcoal (reducing material for blast furnace). As the carbonization furnace, a known carbonization furnace, for example, a packed moving bed furnace or a rotary kiln can be used, and since potassium in the empty fruit bunch of oil palm is greatly reduced by pretreatment, it can be carbonized smoothly without any trouble. it can.

  In the present invention, as described above, the empty fruit bunches are crushed and subjected to the first press dehydration, then the washing warm water is added, and then the second press dehydration is performed, thereby greatly increasing the potassium content of the empty fruit bunches. There is an effect that can be reduced. As a result, when an empty palm bunch of oil palm is used as a fuel or a carbide raw material, it is possible to prevent problems in furnace operation such as slugging in the furnace and aggregation of fluidized particles. Moreover, when manufacturing a carbide | carbonized_material using the empty fruit bunch of oil palm as a carbide | carbonized_material raw material, and using it as blast furnace blowing pulverized coal, it can prevent that problems, such as obstruction | occlusion in a furnace and deterioration of air permeability, arise. .

It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of 1st embodiment method of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the method of 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the method of 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is the flowchart which entered the numerical value as an Example in FIG. 1 which shows 1st embodiment. It is the flowchart which entered the numerical value as an Example in FIG. 2 which shows 2nd embodiment. It is the flowchart which entered the numerical value as an Example in FIG. 3 which shows 3rd embodiment. It is the flowchart which entered the numerical value of the comparative example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the conventional method which squeezes palm oil from oil palm.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention relates to a pretreatment method and a combustion / heat recovery method for empty fruit bunches. The method of the present invention will be described below together with apparatuses used for its implementation.

<First embodiment>
In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an empty palm bunch pre-treatment device 10 and a fruit processing device 20 are provided, and before the pre-treatment device 10, a steam heating device 1 that heats the oil palm bunch by steam, There is a fruit removal apparatus 2 for removing fruit from an oil palm fruit bunch connected to this into an empty fruit bunch.

  The oil palm fruit bunch has several hundred to about 2000 fruits having a size of about 3 to 4 cm on the stem portion that will later become an empty fruit bunch.

  The steam heating apparatus 1 accommodates such an oil palm fruit bunch in a pressure vessel and encloses water vapor in the pressure container to maintain a high-temperature pressurization state for several tens of minutes. By heating with this water vapor, the enzyme in the fruit is deactivated, the deterioration of the oil content is suppressed, and the fruit is easily separated from the stem part.

  The fruit removal device 2 has a horizontal cylindrical rotary sieve, and when the oil palm fruit tress is introduced into the rotary sieve from one end side, it receives an impact force by rotation while reaching the outlet on the other end side. Is separated from the stem portion and falls from the sieve mesh on the side of the rotary sieve, and the remaining empty fruit bunches fall from the outlet. This empty fruit bunch is brought to the pretreatment apparatus 10 of the apparatus of this embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the empty fruit bunch pretreatment device 10 has a crushing device 11, a first pressing and dehydrating device 12, a hot water adding device 13, and a second pressing and dehydrating device 14 in this order, and a crushing step. The first squeezing and dehydrating step and the second squeezing and dehydrating step are respectively performed (even in each device described later, a step corresponding to each device is similarly performed).

  Although the crushing apparatus 11 is not limited to the crushing format, for example, a biaxial crusher can be used. In this biaxial crusher, a number of cutter blades are provided around the body respectively supported by two parallel shafts rotating in reverse to each other, and the empty fruit bunches that enter between the two bodies are the above cutter blades. It is cut into a predetermined size and falls. The empty fruit bunches are cut into a size of less than 100 mm, for example.

  The first pressing and dehydrating device 12 is not limited to the type of pressing and dehydrating, but for example, a screw press dehydrator can be used. The screw press dehydrator is provided with a horizontal cylindrical screen in a horizontal cylindrical casing, a tapered screw shaft is arranged in the screen, and a spiral blade is provided on the screw shaft. It has been. The radial distance between the screw shaft and the screen gradually decreases from the supply port side to the discharge port side in the axial direction. For the screen, a punching metal or a wedge wire screen in which an infinite number of fine holes having a hole diameter of several hundred μm to several mm are used. The empty fruit bunches crushed by the crushing device 11 are introduced into the radial interval between the screw shaft and the screen of the screw press dehydrator from one end side in the axial direction, and then the other end by rotation of the screw shaft. While being sent to the side, the interval is narrowed, so that the liquid is discharged from the other end in a state where the liquid is squeezed and the liquid is removed as a squeezed liquid. During the squeezing, the squeezed liquid squeezed out from the crushed empty fruit bunches is filtered through a screen and dropped and drained out of the casing. This compressed liquid contains oil and is used after being appropriately processed. At this time, this compressed solution contains potassium, and at this time, potassium elution is eliminated from the empty fruit bunch. As the first press dehydrator 12, a press dehydrator other than the screw press dehydrator, for example, a centrifugal dehydrator or a belt press dehydrator may be used.

  The hot water adding device 13 is a device of a type including a container that receives the empty fruit buns discharged from the first squeezing and dehydrating device 12 and a nozzle that sprays hot water onto the empty fruit bunches, or a water tank that contains hot water. There may be a device of the type through which the empty fruit bunches pass, and it is sufficient that the empty fruit bunches absorb water. As the hot water, hot water for washing discharged from a crude oil washing apparatus described later is used.

  The second pressing and dehydrating device 14 may be the same type as the first pressing and dehydrating device 12. In addition, the first pressing and dehydrating device 12 may be used as the second pressing and dehydrating device 14 when not used as the first pressing and dehydrating device 12 by providing a difference in use time zone. The squeezed liquid squeezed from the first squeezing and dehydrating device 12 and the second squeezing and dehydrating device 14 is useful as a fertilizer because it contains potassium in a high concentration. Can be used. The reason why the compressed liquid squeezed out from the second squeezing and dehydrating apparatus 14 also contains high-concentration potassium is that the amount of hot water to be added to elute potassium is such that hot water is included in the dehydrated empty fruit bunch. This is because the potassium in the squeezed solution has a relatively high concentration. For this reason, the value as a fertilizer of the pressing liquid which has been pressed and dehydrated is high.

  In such an apparatus of the present embodiment, the empty fruit bunch of oil palm that has been dehydrated by steam heating is crushed to a predetermined size by the crushing device 11 and squeezed by the first squeezing and dehydrating device 12 to remove the squeezed liquid. It becomes the empty fruit bunch. The empty fruit bunches are hydrated by the hot water hydrating device 13, squeezed again by the second squeezing and dehydrating device 14, and the squeezed liquid is removed.

  By squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches crushed by the first squeezing and dewatering device 12, the water containing potassium eluted from the empty fruit bunches is removed, and the squeezed pieces such as stems of the empty fruit bunches are compressed and pressurized. In addition, water containing potassium can be leached, and further, a piece such as an empty fruit bunch core can be softened, a cell membrane can be broken, and intracellular potassium can be leached into the surrounding water. By adding water to the empty fruit buns that have been squeezed and dehydrated by the hot water adding device 13, the pressure applied by the squeezing is released and the water is absorbed while expanding, so that the efficiency of absorbing the water into the empty fruit bunches is high. While being absorbed in a short time, moisture spreads to the inside and the remaining potassium can be sufficiently eluted in the moisture. Further reducing the potassium content in the empty fruit bunches by the same principle as the first squeezing and dehydrating apparatus 12 by depressurizing and dehydrating the empty fruit bunches that have been hydrated and absorbed by the second pressing and dehydrating apparatus 14. Can do. Even if it repeats and carries out the water dehydration of the washing | cleaning warm water to the empty fruit bunch depressurized and dehydrated in the hot water water addition apparatus 13, and the pressure dehydration of the empty fruit bunch in which the water | moisture content was absorbed in the 2nd pressure dehydration apparatus repeatedly. Good. The more frequent the water and squeezing dehydration, the more nearly complete removal of potassium from the empty fruit bunch is.

  Thus, the extracted empty fruit bunches are burned or gasified as fuel as a pretreated empty fruit bun (dehydrated empty fruit bunches) in which the potassium content is greatly reduced, or are subsequently carbonized to carbide. Used as The removed pressing liquid contains potassium and is used as a fertilizer as described above.

  In this embodiment shown in FIG. 1, as a preferred embodiment, a water hydration device 15 and a third squeezing and dehydrating device 16 are additionally provided on the downstream side of the second squeezing and dewatering device 14. In this case, the clean water adding device 15 is the same device as the warm water adding device 13, and only the clean water is used instead of the warm water, and the actual condition is the same as the device itself.

  In the present embodiment, the second and third pressing and dehydrating devices 14 and 16 may be of the same type as the first pressing and dehydrating device 12. Moreover, you may use the 1st expression dehydration apparatus 12 (or the 2nd expression dehydration apparatus 14) as a 3rd expression dehydration apparatus 16, providing a difference in a use time slot | zone.

  As described above, when the water-water adding device 15 and the third pressure dehydrating device 16 are additionally provided, the elution of potassium is promoted by adding water and the number of times of pressing and dehydrating, and adding water to the water. Therefore, the removal of potassium from the empty fruit bunches is performed in a more complete manner.

  On the other hand, the fruit processing device 20 has an oil expression device 21 and a crude oil washing device 22 in order, and an oil content separation device 24 is connected to the crude oil washing device 22.

  The oil expression device 21 is configured to squeeze the fruit and take out the oil, and takes out the oil as crude oil and discharges the residue separately. For example, the oil press 21 has a conventional grinding machine and screw press machine. Can be used.

  The crude oil washing device 22 receives the crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit with the oil extraction device 21 in a container, adds warm water to the crude oil, and stirs it to stand to separate it into two layers, then extracts the moisture in the lower layer, The operation of adding hot water again to the remaining upper crude oil, stirring, allowing to stand and separating into two layers is repeated several times to wash the crude oil. Crude oil washing in the crude oil washing device 22 is divided into a first crude oil washing process and a second crude oil washing process. In the first crude oil washing step, the crude oil received from the oil press 21 and the hot water are agitated, the water-soluble matter in the crude oil is dissolved in the hot water, and after standing, it is separated into the lower moisture side separated into two layers. Then, the suspended matter is further separated to the lower layer moisture side, and the lower layer moisture is discharged as palm oil waste liquid. In the second crude oil washing process, the crude oil from which water-soluble components and suspensions have been removed in the first crude oil washing process and hot water are agitated, and in the first crude oil washing process, impurities contained in the upper crude oil side are removed. Dissolve in warm water, separate and remove to the lower moisture side, and obtain upper crude oil as crude palm oil. In the first crude oil washing step and the second crude oil washing step, the operation of adding warm water to the crude oil, stirring and allowing to stand, separating into two layers and extracting the moisture in the lower layer is repeated a plurality of times. Since the palm oil waste liquid discharged in the first crude oil washing process contains a large amount of organic matter and suspension, it is brought into the anaerobic pond and anaerobically treated by microorganisms to decompose the organic matter. The hot water after washing discharged in the second crude oil washing step has a low concentration of organic components and suspensions. In this embodiment, this hot water is used as a hot water hydrating apparatus in the pre-treatment device 10 for the empty fruit bunches. The hot water is supplied to the hot water adding device 13 as hot water to be added to the hot water 13. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to supply hot water separately in the hot water adding device 13, and it is possible to reduce the amount of water to be used, to reduce energy for raising the water temperature, and to simplify equipment for supplying hot water. . It is preferable that the washing warm water sufficiently separates the oil content. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the oil content is further separated by the oil content separation device 24 before being supplied to the hot water water adding device 13. Thus, in this embodiment, by using the washing warm water discharged in the second crude oil washing step in the crude oil washing device 22 of the fruit processing device 20, the empty fruit bunches can be hydrated at a high temperature, and the empty fruit bunches Potassium elution is promoted.

<Second embodiment>
The second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 provides a method for combustion / heat recovery of empty fruit bunches. In the first embodiment of FIG. 1, pretreated empty fruit bunches (dehydrated empty fruit bunches) are provided. Combustion / combustion heat recovery device for combustion and recovery of combustion heat is added, palm oil waste liquid discharged in the first crude oil washing process in the crude oil washing device 22 of the fruit processing device is subjected to methane fermentation to obtain methane gas , Using this for combustion and heat recovery, and adding methane fermentation of the squeezed liquid discharged from the first squeezing and dewatering device of the empty fruit bunch pretreatment device together with the palm oil waste liquid. Have. The other points are the same as those of the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, a methane fermentation apparatus 25 is connected to the crude oil cleaning apparatus 22 of the fruit processing apparatus 20, and the methane fermentation apparatus 25 is connected to a combustion / heat recovery apparatus 30. Further, the first pressing and dehydrating device 12 of the pre-processing device 10 for empty fruit bunches is supplied to the methane fermentation device 25 together with the palm oil waste liquid discharged in the first crude oil cleaning step in the crude oil cleaning device 22. In this way, the methane fermentation apparatus 25 is connected.

  In this embodiment, the palm oil waste liquid discharged in the first crude oil cleaning process in the crude oil cleaning device 22 contains a large amount of organic matter. In addition, the squeezed liquid discharged from the first squeezing and dehydrating device 12 contains a large amount of organic matter. Then, the palm oil waste liquid and press liquid which contain these organic substances in high concentration together are digested with microorganisms, for example, in a closed tank type methane fermentation apparatus 25 to generate methane gas. Then, this methane gas is supplied to the combustion / heat recovery device 30 that burns the empty fruit bunches, where it is burned together with the empty fruit bunches to recover the combustion heat.

  In this embodiment, in addition to the effect of removing potassium from empty fruit bunches, the following effects are also obtained.

  ・ Methane gas is generated by subjecting palm oil waste liquid containing a lot of organic matter and the compressed liquid discharged by the first press dehydration to methane fermentation, and the obtained methane gas is supplied to a combustion device that burns empty fruit bunches. In addition, the organic matter in the palm oil waste liquid can be effectively used in that methane gas is combusted with the combustion of the empty fruit bunches and the combustion heat is recovered.

  -Since the object to be anaerobically treated in the anaerobic pond is only the squeezed liquid discharged from the second squeezing and dewatering device 14 (and the third squeezing and dewatering device 16), the area of the anaerobic pond can be greatly reduced compared to the conventional one. The land can be used effectively.

-Since the number of objects to be anaerobically treated in the anaerobic pond is reduced, the amount of methane gas and CO ₂ greenhouse gas emitted to the atmosphere can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.

<Third embodiment>
The third embodiment provides another pretreatment method for the empty fruit bunch pretreatment method of the first embodiment shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the third embodiment is a crude oil washing apparatus for removing the crude oil obtained by defragmenting the oil palm fruit with the oil processing apparatus of the fruit processing apparatus, as compared with the first embodiment. The palm oil waste liquid discharged by washing with crude oil in warm water is stored and cooled in a cooling pond, and the empty fruit bunches after de-fruiting are immersed in the cooling pond, and the empty fruit bunches and palm oil waste liquid are respectively taken out and processed. There is a feature in the point to do.

  Thus, in this embodiment, the palm oil waste liquid discharged | emitted by fruit processing is utilized for washing | cleaning of an empty fruit bunch.

  In FIG. 3 which shows 3rd embodiment, since palm oil waste liquid (POME) discharged | emitted from the crude oil washing | cleaning apparatus 22 of the fruit processing apparatus 20 sets it as the temperature suitable for performing microbial treatment in the anaerobic treatment pond 41, it cools. It is brought into the pond 40 and stored and cooled, and the empty fruit bunches after fruit removal in the oil fruit removing apparatus 2 are immersed in the cooling pond 40. In the cooling pond 40, empty fruit bunches are immersed in palm oil waste liquid, and potassium is eluted from the empty fruit bunches into palm oil waste liquid. It is preferable that the empty fruit bunches are immersed in the cooling basin 40 having a high water temperature to promote the elution of potassium, and the empty fruit bunches are immersed in the cooling basin 40 at as high a temperature as possible. Further, while the empty fruit bunch is immersed in the palm oil waste liquid, it is preferable to promote the elution of potassium by replacing the water immersed in the empty fruit bunch by compressing the empty fruit bunch. .

  The empty fruit bunch after the potassium is eluted is pulled up from the cooling pond 40, crushed by the crushing device 11, and dehydrated by the first press dehydrating device 12. Then, the depressurization and dehydration is performed again by the second pressing and dehydrating apparatus 14, and the content of potassium contained in the empty fruit bunch is further reliably reduced. When the potassium content of the empty fruit bunches is not so high, hydration in the water hydration device 15 and squeezing and dehydration in the second squeezing and dehydrating device 14 can be omitted.

  Further, the palm oil waste liquid is brought to the anaerobic treatment pond 41 and subjected to anaerobic treatment by microorganisms to decompose organic matter.

  As described above, in the present invention, the effect of reducing the potassium content in the empty fruit bunches is obtained, but according to the present invention, the final amount of waste liquid that needs to be anaerobically treated must be reduced. Also get. In order to show this effect, the process which does not use the palm oil waste liquid in fruit processing for washing | cleaning of empty fruit bunches which is the characteristics of this invention is shown in FIG. 7 as a comparative example, and FIG. , 3, the steps in the first, second, and third embodiments are shown by adding the amount of the waste liquid required for treatment, and again comparing the waste liquid required for treatment as shown in FIGS. And In FIG. 7, the pre-processing apparatus of FIG. 1 is added to the fruit processing apparatus shown in FIG. However, in FIG. 7, as described above, the palm oil waste liquid from the fruit processing apparatus is not used in the pretreatment apparatus as washing hot water. Therefore, not the warm water but the water is added to the water adding device. Moreover, in FIG. 7, all the pressing liquid from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd pressing dehydration apparatus in a pre-processing apparatus is brought to the anaerobic processing pond.

  In the comparative example (FIG. 7) and the first, second, and third embodiments (FIGS. 4, 5, and 6), the amount (weight) of oil palm fruit bunches to be supplied in order to compare the amount of waste liquid to be processed. The amount of each liquid supplied and discharged in each part (apparatus) where is 100 parts is shown in number of parts. In the comparative example and the first, second, and third embodiments, the amount of waste liquid to be processed, which is the sum of the palm oil waste liquid to be anaerobically treated and the compressed liquid, is obtained from each figure as follows.

  Thus, in 1st, 2nd, 3rd embodiment, compared with 110 parts of 80 parts, 40 parts, and 90 parts of a comparative example, the quantity of an anaerobic treatment liquid can be reduced significantly, and in this respect As a result, the area of the anaerobic pond can be reduced, so the cost can be reduced and the land can be used effectively by downsizing the facilities.

10 Pretreatment equipment 11 Crushing equipment (crushing process)
12 1st press dehydration device (1st press dehydration process)
13 Hot water hydration equipment (hot water hydration process)
14 Second press dehydration device (second press dehydration process)
15 Water supply equipment (Water supply process)
16 Third press dehydration device (third press dehydration process)
20 Fruit processing equipment 22 Crude oil washing equipment (1st crude oil washing process, 2nd crude oil washing process)
25 Methane fermentation equipment (methane fermentation process)
30 Combustion / heat recovery equipment (combustion / heat recovery process)
40 Cooling pond (Palm oil waste liquid cooling and empty fruit batter immersion process)

Claims (6)

In a pretreatment method to be applied before using the empty fruit bunch of oil palm obtained as a fuel or carbide raw material by defruiting the fruit from the oil palm bunch,
Crushing process of crushing empty fruit bunches;
A first squeeze dehydration step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches crushed in the crushing step;
Washing warm water discharged in the second crude oil washing step in which the crude oil that has been subjected to the first crude oil washing is washed with warm water again by washing the crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit obtained from the oil palm fruit bunches with the above-mentioned first A hot water hydration step of hydrating the empty fruit buns that have been squeezed and dehydrated in the squeeze dehydration step;
And a second squeezing and dehydrating step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunch that has been hot water hydrated in the hot water hydration step. A water hydration step of adding water to the empty fruit bunch depressurized and dehydrated in the second pressure dehydration step;
The pre-treatment method for an empty fruit bun of oil palm according to claim 1, further comprising a third squeezing and dehydrating step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bun that has been hydrated in the water addition step. In the combustion / heat recovery method of burning the empty fruit bunch of oil palm obtained by defruiting the oil palm bunch as fuel and recovering the combustion heat,
A first crude oil washing step of washing the crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit with warm water and discharging palm oil waste liquid;
A second crude oil washing process in which the crude oil washed in the first crude oil washing process is washed again with warm water and the washing warm water is discharged;
Crushing process of crushing empty fruit bunches;
A first squeezing dehydration step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches crushed in the crushing step, and discharging the squeezed liquid;
A hot water hydration step of adding the washing warm water discharged in the second crude oil washing step to the empty fruit bunch depressurized and dehydrated in the first compression dehydration step;
A second squeezing dehydration step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches that have been hot water hydrated in the hot water hydration step;
A methane fermentation process in which the palm oil waste liquid discharged in the first crude oil washing process and the compressed liquid discharged in the first pressure dehydration process are subjected to methane fermentation;
Combusting the empty fruit bunch squeezed and dehydrated in the second squeeze dehydration step in a combustion furnace, and having a combustion / heat recovery step of recovering combustion heat,
A combustion / heat recovery method for an empty fruit bunch of oil palm, wherein methane gas generated in the methane fermentation process is also combusted in the combustion / heat recovery process. In the combustion / heat recovery method of burning the empty fruit bunch of oil palm obtained by defruiting the oil palm bunch as fuel and recovering the combustion heat,
A first crude oil washing step of washing the crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit with warm water and discharging palm oil waste liquid;
A second crude oil washing process in which the crude oil washed in the first crude oil washing process is washed again with warm water and the washing warm water is discharged;
Crushing process of crushing empty fruit bunches;
A first squeezing dehydration step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches crushed in the crushing step, and discharging the squeezed liquid;
A hot water hydration step of adding the washing warm water discharged in the second crude oil washing step to the empty fruit bunch depressurized and dehydrated in the first compression dehydration step;
A second squeezing dehydration step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches that have been hot water hydrated in the hot water hydration step;
A water hydration step of adding water to the empty fruit bunch depressurized and dehydrated in the second pressure dehydration step;
A third squeezing and dehydrating step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches that have been hydrated in the water hydration step;
A methane fermentation process in which the palm oil waste liquid discharged in the first crude oil washing process and the compressed liquid discharged in the first pressure dehydration process are subjected to methane fermentation;
Combusting the empty fruit buns that have been squeezed and dehydrated in the third squeeze dehydration step in a combustion furnace, and having a combustion / heat recovery step of recovering combustion heat,
A combustion / heat recovery method for an empty fruit bunch of oil palm, wherein methane gas generated in the methane fermentation process is also combusted in the combustion / heat recovery process. In a pretreatment method to be applied before using the empty fruit bunch of oil palm obtained as a fuel or carbide raw material by defruiting the fruit from the oil palm bunch,
A crude oil washing process for washing the crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit with warm water and discharging the palm oil waste liquid,
Palm oil waste liquid discharged in the crude oil washing process is stored and cooled in a cooling pond, and the palm oil waste liquid cooling / empty fruit batter soaking process is performed in which the empty fruit bunch is immersed in the cooling pond.
A crushing step of crushing the empty fruit bunch immersed in the palm oil waste liquid cooling / empty bunch dipping process;
A method for pretreatment of empty fruit bunches of oil palm, comprising: a pressure dehydration step of squeezing and dewatering empty fruit bunches crushed in a crushing step. In a pretreatment method to be applied before using the empty fruit bunch of oil palm obtained as a fuel or carbide raw material by defruiting the fruit from the oil palm bunch,
A crude oil washing process for washing the crude oil obtained by squeezing the fruit with warm water and discharging the palm oil waste liquid,
Palm oil waste liquid discharged in the crude oil washing process is stored and cooled in a cooling pond, and the palm oil waste liquid cooling / empty fruit batter soaking process is performed in which the empty fruit bunch is immersed in the cooling pond.
A crushing step of crushing the empty fruit bunch immersed in the palm oil waste liquid cooling / empty bunch dipping process;
A first squeeze dehydration step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches crushed in the crushing step;
A hydration step of adding water to the empty fruit bunch dehydrated in the first squeeze dehydration step;
And a second squeezing and dehydrating step of squeezing and dewatering the empty fruit bunches that have been hydrated in the hydrating step again.

Images