JP2015502820A - 肝臓系の治療的な神経調節 - Google Patents
肝臓系の治療的な神経調節 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
ここに記載される本発明の実施の形態は、一般的には各種代謝性疾患、代謝性疾病、又は代謝性障害の治療のための、あるいはこれら疾患等の発現若しくは進行のリスクを軽減するために対象とされる神経線維(ターゲット神経線維)に対する治療的な神経調節に関するもので、これら疾病等は糖尿病(例えば、真性糖尿病)を含むが糖尿病に限定されるわけではない。本記載は各種実施の形態の詳細を説明するものであるが、本記載はあくまで例証的なものであっていかなる観点からも本開示を限定するものとして解釈されるべきではないことは理解されよう。更に、当業者に想起され得る、開示の実施の形態の各種の適用とそれらの各修正もまた、ここに記述される一般的な概念に包括される。
A.機械的神経調節
神経線維の選択的調節又は選択的分裂は、機械的分裂若しくは物理的な分裂を介して実施してもよく、これら分裂法は、限定されるわけではないが、切断、切開、引裂き又は圧潰などがあげられる。発明の幾つかの実施の形態は、神経組織の細胞膜の分裂も含む。幾つかの実施の形態は、神経組織と神経線維の選択的な圧縮を伴う。選択的な圧縮又は圧潰力などのような、ただしこれらに限定されるわけだはないが、そのような機械的圧力を受ける神経は、虚血、神経伝導速度の遅延および神経壊死などの、ただしこれらに限定されるわけだはないが、そのような結果を蒙るであろう。このような結果は血流の降下など複数の要因によるであろう。
幾つかの実施の形態によれば、神経調節(例えば、交感神経線維の分裂)は、切除カテーテルシステムのような最小観血的カテーテルシステムを用いて行う。幾つかの実施の形態では、神経線維を切除するための切除カテーテルシステムは、血管内(例えば、動脈内)手法を利用して導入される。一の実施の形態では、切除カテーテルシステムは、肝神経叢での交感神経線維の切除に利用される。上記に説明したように、肝神経叢は、総肝動脈から分岐する固有肝動脈を取り囲んでいる。幾つかの実施の形態では、切除カテーテルシステムは、鼠径部での切開部位を通って導入され、そして大腿動脈にアクセスする。切除カテーテルシステムは、大腿動脈から腸骨動脈と、腹大動脈と、腹腔動脈と総肝動脈を介して固有肝動脈に進入する。その他の実施の形態では、切除カテーテルシステムを動脈系に導入する際、その他任意の適切な経皮的血管内切開ポイント又は接近方法(例えば、橈骨を介する橈骨接近方法又は上腕動脈を介する上腕接近方法)が利用される。
1.高周波
幾つかの実施の形態では、カテーテルシステムは、パルス生成装置と結合する切除装置を備える。例えば、切除装置は、切除カテーテルであってよい。切除カテーテルは、近端部と遠端部を有してよい。幾つかの実施の形態では、切除カテーテルの遠端部は、一以上の電極を含む。一以上の電極は、切除カテーテルの外表面に位置決めでき、又は切除カテーテルの遠端部外に伸長できるものである。幾つかの実施の形態では、各電極は、一以上の双極性電極対を含む。幾つかの実施の形態では、各電極は、一以上の関電極と一以上の戻り電極を含むものであって、これら電極は協同して各電極対を形成する。幾つかの実施の形態では、一以上の電極は単極電極である。幾つかの実施の形態では、切除カテーテルの遠端部は少なくとも一つの双極性電極対と、少なくとも一つの単極電極対とを含む。一以上の導電ワイヤは、切除カテーテルの遠端部に位置する一以上の電極をパルス生成装置に接続してもよい。幾つかの実施の形態では、多数の電極は、多数のワイヤ上の切除カテーテルから伸長できるもので、これにより血管内(例えば、肝動脈)に多数のエネルギー送出位置又は送出ポイントを提供している。
幾つかの実施の形態では、エネルギー送出システムは、超音波エネルギーを送出して肝神経叢における交感神経線維を調節する(例えば、切除、刺激)。エネルギー送出システムは、例えば、交換神経線維を切除するために、高密度焦点式超音波(HIFU)エネルギー又は低高密度焦点式超音波(LIFU)エネルギーのような焦点式超音波エネルギーを利用することができる。幾つかの実施の形態では、エネルギー送出システムは、一以上の超音波変換器に接続される切除カテーテルを含む。例えば、一の又は複数の超音波変換器は、一以上の切除部位に超音波エネルギーを送出でき、そして肝神経叢における交感神経線維を切除する。超音波エネルギーは、線量調節、パルス調節又は周波数選定によって制御できる。幾つかの実施の形態では、HIFU(高密度焦点式超音波)エネルギーは、利点として、血管組織(例えば、内膜と中膜)又は周囲組織の潜在的障害を軽減するために、遠地点に集束可能である。HIFUエネルギーは、利点として、切除カテーテルの位置決めに必要な精度を下げてもよい。一以上の超音波変換器は、治療部位数を増加させる、又は治療深度を調節するために、治療中において再焦点合わせが可能である。幾つかの実施の形態では、HIFUエネルギーを利用することは、結果的により短い継続期間での熱集中の増加につながり、同時に多焦点でエネルギーを集中させることができる、これにより神経調節手順に必要とされる総体時間を短縮している。
幾つかの実施の形態では、肝神経叢の交感神経の活性度を調節(例えば、切除)するために又は肝臓を神経支配するその他の神経を調節するために、レーザを使用してよい。一般的にレーザは、その他の動脈における動脈神経を切除するためには使用されないが、肝動脈の壁厚さは実質的にその他の動脈構造の厚さより小さいために、レーザによるエネルギー送出を可能としている。幾つかの実施の形態では、肝動脈の内膜面の約2mm以内と、内膜面の約1.5mm以内と、内膜面の約1mm以内と、内膜面の約0.5mm以内に位置する神経を切除するために一以上のレーザが使用される。幾つかの実施の形態では、交感神経でのレーザエネルギーの吸収を選択的に高めるために、交感神経線維の発色団の染色を行っている。幾つかの実施の形態では、肝動脈を伸長するために各バルーンが用いられ、これにより動脈壁の厚みを減少させる、また内膜面から交感神経線維までの深度を減少させる、更にこれによりレーザエネルギー送出を改善している。
4.外的な開始
図20は、蒸気切除カテーテル2000の実施の形態を示す。図示の実施の形態では、蒸気切除カテーテル2000は、水路2005と、蒸気発生ヘッド2010と、蒸気排出口2015と、を備える。手術中において、水は水路2005を強制的に通過されて蒸気発生ヘッド2010に流入する。一の実施の形態では、蒸気発生ヘッド2010は水を、蒸気排出口2015を介して蒸気切除カテーテル2000を抜け出る蒸気に変換する。
幾つかの実施の形態では、化学薬品は、単独で又は神経調節をもたらすもう一つの物理療法と組み合わせて使用される。化学薬品は、限定される訳ではないが、ムスカリン受容体刺激薬、抗コリンエスタラーゼ薬、ニコチン性受容体刺激薬及びニコチン受容体拮抗薬である。幾つかの実施の形態では、神経伝導統合、分解又は再取り込みに直接的に影響する薬品を用いている。
幾つかの実施の形態では、発明は冷凍治療又は冷凍調節を含む。一の実施の形態では、切除カテーテルシステムは、神経調節のために冷凍切除技術を利用する。一の実施の形態では、冷凍切除は、肝神経叢の交感神経線維を切除するために利用される。例えば、切除カテーテルは、一以上の内部管腔を有してよい。幾つかの実施の形態では、一以上の内部管腔は、流体用として、近位開口部と連通する。幾つかの実施の形態では、少なくとも一つの近位開口部は切除カテーテルの近端部に位置決めされる。幾つかの実施の形態では、少なくとも一つの近位開口部は、流体用として、少なくとも一つの貯蔵所(例えば、冷凍室)と連通する。幾つかの実施の形態では、少なくとも一つの貯蔵所は、限定されるわけではないが、液体窒素を含む一以上の冷媒を収容する。切除カテーテルは、切除カテーテルの遠位端に冷媒を送出するための供給ラインと、使用済み冷媒を少なくとも一つの貯蔵所に戻すための帰還ラインとを備える事ができる。冷媒は、肝神経叢の交感神経線維を冷凍するのに充分に低い温度に到達し、そして当該神経線維を切除し得るものとなっている。幾つかの実施の形態では、冷媒は、零下75℃未満の温度と、零下80℃未満の温度と、零下90℃未満の温度と、零下100℃未満の温度に到達可能である。
画像誘導技術は、ここに開示の実施の形態の幾つかに従って利用されてよい。例えば、視覚化素子(例えば、光ファイバスコープ)は、神経調節カテーテルの送出及び位置合わせに資するように、カテーテル利用エネルギー又は流体送出システムと組み合わせて提供されてよい。その他の実施の形態では、蛍光透視撮像、超音波撮像、ドップラー撮像又は他の撮像は、神経調節カテーテルの送出及び位置合わせに資するように、利用される。幾つかの実施の形態では、各放射線不透過性マーカーは、神経調節カテーテルの遠端部又は神経調節カテーテルの長さに沿う一以上の位置に位置決めされる。例えば、各電極を有する各カテーテルについて、少なくとも電極の一つは、放射線不透過性材料を含んでよい。造影剤又は分子撮像剤を用いる若しくは用いないコンピュータ断層撮影(CT)撮像システム、蛍光撮像システム、X線撮影撮像システム、サーモグラフ撮像システム、ドップラー撮像システム、光コヒーレンス断層撮影(OCT)撮像システム、血管内超音波(IVUS)撮像システム及び/又は磁気共鳴(MR)撮像システムを、神経調節カテーテルシステムの画像誘導に供するように利用することもできる。幾つかの実施の形態では、神経調節カテーテルは、撮像装置、視覚化装置、光送出装置、吸引装置又はその他の装置の挿入用の一以上の管腔を含む。
動脈を介して血管内に送出されることに加えて、ここに記載の神経調節システム(例えば、切除カテーテルシステム)を、静脈系を介して血管内に送出することができる。例えば、切除カテーテルシステムを、門静脈を介して送出してもよい。その他の実施の形態では、切除カテーテルシステムは、下大静脈を介して血管内に送出される。その他の任意の血管内送出方法又は接近方法を、各神経調節システムを送出するために、例えば、肝神経叢の交感神経線維の調節のために用いてよい。
幾つかの実施の形態によれば、神経調節は、各神経を刺激すること及び/又は神経伝達度を上昇させることで達成される。一の実施の形態では、刺激は結果的には神経阻害に帰するかもしれない。その他の実施の形態では、刺激は神経活性度を高める(例えば、信号伝達)。
下記に与えられる各実施例は、本発明の非限定的な実施の形態を意図するものである。
3匹の犬を、4週間に渡って、高脂肪・高果糖の食餌を課した、これにより犬にインスリン抵抗性を付与した。調節として、グルコースレベルを追跡するために、終夜に渡る耐性経口ブドウ糖負荷試験を各種の時間間隔で実施し、その後、0.9g/kgの経口栄養素ポリコース(グルカン)の投与を、高脂肪・高果糖ダイエットの開始から4週間の間管理した。そして、3匹の犬の総肝動脈の脱神経が外科的に行われた。肝臓の脱神経に引き続いて、もう一つの、0.9g/kgの経口栄養ポリコース(グルカン)の投与を、2〜3週間の間管理した。各経口ブドウ糖負荷試験を、ポリコースの管理の後、各種の時間間隔で実施した。下記の表1は、2回の経口ブドウ糖負荷試験(OGTTs)で報告された、3匹の犬に対する経時的な平均静脈血漿グルコースのグラフを示している。黒い円で示めされるデータ点付きの曲線は、肝臓の脱神経後に4週間にわたる高脂肪・高果糖ダイエットを行った後での、OGTT試験によるグルコース測定値の平均を表している。経口栄養ポリコースの投与が、表1に示される時間帯で管理された。白い円で示めされるデータ点付きの曲線は、肝臓の脱神経後に2〜3週間にわたる同じ3匹の犬に対するOGTT試験によるグルコース測定値の平均を表している。表1でわかるように、肝臓の脱神経後のグルコース値は、肝臓の脱神経に先立つグルコース値よりも低いグルコース濃度においてピークに達し、且つ更に急速に降下した。複数の個別の実施の形態に依れば、研究の各結果から、血液中のグルコースレベルを制御するための肝臓の脱神経の有効性の確固たる証明が得られる。
表2は、高血糖性―高インスリン性係留調査中に於いて平衡化/取得された正味の肝臓グルコースを示す。円形の指示子(HDN)付きデータは、実施例1での脱神経後の4週間(の試験)に基づく同一の3匹の犬に対する正味の肝臓グルコースの平均を表している。4角の指示子(HF/HF)付きのデータは、高脂肪・高果糖の食餌が与えられた5匹の犬の正味の肝臓グルコースの平均を表している。3角の指示子(Chow)付きのデータは、通常の食餌が与えられた5匹の犬の正味の肝臓グルコースの平均を表している。データによれば、各曲線の端に向かって、肝臓の脱神経により、正味の肝臓グルコースの平衡が約60%分だけ基準線に対して戻されている、このことはHF/HF犬モデルでの肝臓のインスリン耐性が肝臓の脱神経によって大きく補正されていることを示唆しており、また肝臓の脱神経が肝臓グルコースの摂取及び/又は肝臓グルコースの生成に対して影響を及ぼしていることを示している。
総肝動脈に対して可及的に近傍であり且つ左右の肝動脈の2分枝から可及的に遠位にある豚の肝臓から、肝動脈を採取した。動脈神経叢は、肝臓の各実質組織(“床”と”屋根“)の2区画の間に挟まれ、戻り電極として役立つステンレススチール製のトレーに載置された。ニッケル・チタン/拡張器外筒を用いるRF生成器であって、更に概ね1/16インチから3/32インチの長さの露出面を有するラジオニクス(RADIONICS)RFG−3C RF生成器を使用して、3本の動脈の全てを切除した。生成器の電力設定を4(一般的に、2〜3ワット(のエネルギー)を55〜270オーム(の抵抗を有する部位)内へ送出すること)にし、RFエネルギーを事例毎に117秒の間印加した。最初の2動脈サンプルに対して、各血管外温度を測定するためにkタイプの熱電対が使用された、そしてこれら温度は50℃〜63℃に達した。1番目の切除は左側肝動脈で実施され、2番目の切除は右側肝動脈で実施され、そして3番目の切除は固有肝動脈で実施された。直径が1.15mmの管腔を有する左側肝動脈での1番目の切除について、切除帯の2個の測定値が得られた(0.57mmと0.14mm)。凡そ3mmの凝血帯が測定された。電極露出距離は3/32インチであった。右側肝動脈での2番目の切除について、1/16インチの電極露出距離が用いられた。高電流密度に起因して阻害された生成器が観察されたが、切除障害は観察されなかった。直径2mmの管腔を有し、3/32インチの電極露出距離を用いた固有肝動脈での3番目の切除について、3個の切除帯幅、すなわち、0.52mm、0.38mm及び0.43mmが測定された。測定された切除帯幅は、固有肝動脈(動脈壁に又は動脈壁内に密着されうる)を取り巻く各神経の脱神経を血管内接近方法を利用して行うことができるという事実を、裏付けている。肝動脈神経は管腔表面から1〜10(mm)(概略1〜3mm)の内側厚み以内であり、これにより低電力RFエネルギー(例えば、10W未満及び/又は1kJ未満)若しくはその他のエネルギー物理療法を血管内で利用して、肝動脈の各枝管の神経支配を行う各神経の調節(例えば、脱神経、切除、伝導阻止又は分裂)に対する支援が供されている、このことが豚の肝動脈の各分節の組織学的な測定値により示された。腎臓動脈の神経支配する各神経は、一般的に腎臓動脈の管腔から4〜6mmの範囲内である。
急性的な動物実験を、豚をモデルとして、その総肝動脈と固有肝動脈に対して行った。総肝動脈は7回切除し、固有肝動脈は3回切除した。本発明の一の実施の形態によれば、各温度調節アルゴリズム(例えば、所望の温度を達成するように、電力をマニュアル調整する)を、50℃から80℃の温度範囲で、2分から4分の総体切除時間で実施した。本発明の一の実施の形態によれば、電極露光距離は、全ての切除について、3/32インチであった。すべての切除を通じて、切除のパラメータは通常下記の通りであった、すなわち、本発明の各種の実施の形態によれば:約0.1オームから約869オーム(一般的に、約100オームから約300オーム)の範囲の抵抗と、約0.1Wから約100W(一般的に、約1ワットから約10ワット)の範囲の電力出力と、概略的に約0.1Vから約50Vの範囲の生成器の電圧と、概略的に約0.01Aから約0.5Aの範囲の電流と、概略的に約37℃から約99℃(一般的に、各切除のターゲット温度から+/−5℃)の範囲の電極先端の温度とであった。多くの切除において、温度と時間に基づいて、エネルギーが概ね1kJを超過するエネルギー量まで滴定された。蛍光透視下で、切り欠きが完成した各切除に対応する位置で動脈痙縮を引き起こす熱障害として観察された、これは切除の成功を肯定的に示すものであろう。
肝動脈と周囲構造を表す数値モデルが、解剖学的特性と、熱学的特性と電気的な組織特性を利用するCOMSOLマルチフィジックス4.3(汎用物理シミュレーションソフト)に於いて構築された。熱的特性と電気的特性は温度の関数である。電気的伝導性(シグマ、又はσ)は一般的に等式
対流冷却(例えば、血液流のみで与える冷却)による切除用と、実施例5で説明したものと同一の双極構成モデルを利用する、能動冷却(例えば、7℃の冷媒)を組み込んだ切除用のための、独立したモデル化解法が得られた。各モデルでは、管腔(内皮)の表面に対応する位置で有意に下降した温度が示された。高電力(45%高い電力)が、能動冷却モデルに送出された。能動冷却モデルへ送出される高電力(例えば、45%高い電力)をもってさえも、総肝動脈の内皮部位は冷却された儘であった(例えば、管腔から1mmまでの(位置での)体温上昇に満たない)。熱切除帯の効果的な整形はまた、能動冷却モデルでの橈骨的に指向されたより線形な形状に向けられた。複数の個別の実施の形態に従って、冷却電力とRF電力が上昇されるにつれて、線形の整形効果は増大された、この結果、切除帯が指向可能又は“プログラム化”(例えば、よりターゲット部位方向に)が可能とされることが観察された。
Claims (39)
- 被検者の脈管構造内に高周波(RF)切除カテーテルを挿入させること、
前記RF切除カテーテルを固有肝動脈の位置に進入させること、
固有肝動脈を取り囲む肝神経叢の交感神経内での神経伝達を熱的に禁止するように、前記切除カテーテルにより血管内において前記固有肝動脈の内壁に送出されるRFエネルギーであって、治療的に効果がある量のRFエネルギーを生じさせ、これにより被検者内部の血液グルコースレベルを減少させることを備え、
前記RF切除カテーテルは、少なくとも一つの切除電極を含み、
前記RF切除カテーテルは、RFエネルギーが送出されている間は、前記固有肝動脈の前記内壁に対して、少なくとも前記一つの電極の充分な接触圧力を維持するように構成される、
前記被検者内の血液グルコースレベルを減少させる方法。 - 前記切除カテーテルは、前記固有肝動脈の前記内壁に対して、少なくとも前記一つの電極の充分な接触圧力を維持するように構成されるバルーンカテーテルを備える、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記切除カテーテルは、前記固有肝動脈の前記内壁に対して、少なくとも前記一つの電極の充分な接触圧力を維持するように構成される操縦可能な遠位端を備える、
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記操縦可能な遠位端は事前形成の形状記憶構成を含む、
請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記充分な接触圧力は約5g/mm2と約100g/mm2との間である、
請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 前記充分な接触圧力は約0.1g/mm2と約10g/mm2との間である、
請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 前記治療的に効果がある量のRFエネルギーは、約100Jと約1kJの間の範囲である、
請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 前記治療的に効果がある量のRFエネルギーは、約0.1Wと約10Wの間の電力レベルを有する、
請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 前記RFエネルギーは、約3Wと約8Wの間の電力レベルを有する、
請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 前記被検者の前記脈管構造内に前記RF切除カテーテルを挿入させるステップは、大腿動脈に切開部位を形成することと、前記RF切除カテーテルの遠端部を前記大腿動脈内に挿入することを含む請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの電極を備える高周波(RF)切除カテーテルを、肝動脈の枝管内の肝神経叢の近傍に送出すること、
前記少なくとも一つの電極を前記肝動脈の枝管の内壁に接触させて位置決めすること、
電気信号を前記少なくとも一つの電極に印加することで、前記肝動脈を取り巻く前記肝神経叢の交感神経の神経伝達を分断し、これにより、前記肝動脈の枝管の前記内壁を加熱するために、前記少なくとも一つの電極によって熱エネルギーを送出させること、を備える、
糖尿病をもつ又は糖尿病に関連する各症候をもつ被検者を治療する方法。 - 前記肝動脈の前記枝管は固有肝動脈である、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記肝動脈の前記枝管は総肝動脈である、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記交感神経の神経伝達を分断するステップは、前記肝神経叢の交感神経の神経伝達を永続的に不能とすることを含む、
請求項11から13のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 前記神経伝達を分断するステップは、前記肝神経叢の交感神経に沿う神経伝達を一時的に禁止する又は減少させることを含む、
請求項11から13のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 前記被検者の腹腔神経叢の近傍に前記RF切除カテーテルを位置決めすることと、RFエネルギーを前記RF切除カテーテルの少なくとも一つの電極から発するようにすることで前記腹腔神経叢の交感神経に沿う神経伝達を分断させることと、を更に備える、
請求項11から13のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 膵臓の神経支配をする前記交感神経線維の近傍に前記RF切除カテーテルを位置決めすることと、RFエネルギーを前記RF切除カテーテルの少なくとも一つの電極から発するようにすることで前記交感神経線維に沿う神経伝達を分断させることと、を更に備える、
請求項11から13のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 胃の神経支配をする前記交感神経線維の近傍に前記RF切除カテーテルを位置決めすることと、RFエネルギーを前記RF切除カテーテルの少なくとも一つの電極から発するようにすることで前記交感神経線維に沿う神経伝達を分断させることと、を更に備える、
請求項11から13のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 十二指腸の神経支配をする前記交感神経線維の近傍に前記RF切除カテーテルを位置決めすることと、RFエネルギーを前記RF切除カテーテルの少なくとも一つの電極から発するようにすることで前記交感神経線維に沿う神経伝達を分断させることと、を更に備える、
請求項11から13のいずれか一つに記載の方法。 - 肝動脈内の神経調節カテーテルを被検者の肝神経叢の近傍に送出すること、
RFエネルギーをRF切除カテーテルの一つ以上の電極から発するようにすることで肝神経叢の神経を調節することと、を備える、
糖尿病をもつ又は糖尿病に関連する各症候をもつ被検者を治療する方法。 - 前記肝神経叢の神経を調節することは、前記肝神経叢の交感神経の脱神経を行うことを含む、
請求項20に記載の方法。 - 前記肝神経叢の神経を調節することは、前記肝神経叢の副交感神経を刺激することを含む、
請求項20に記載の方法。 - 前記肝神経叢の神経を調節することは、前記肝神経叢の交感神経の脱神経を行うことと、前記肝神経叢の副交感神経を刺激することと、を含む、
請求項20に記載の方法。 - 前記交感神経の脱神経を行うステップと前記副交感神経を刺激するステップとを同時に実施する、
請求項23に記載の方法。 - 前記交感神経の脱神経を行うステップと前記副交感神経を刺激するステップとを順次に実施する、
請求項23に記載の方法。 - 肝動脈の枝管内での血管内に載置用に構成されたバルーンカテーテルを備え、
前記バルーンカテーテルは、少なくとも一つの膨脹可能バルーン及び双極性電極対を含み、
前記双極性電極対の少なくとも一つの電極は、膨張の際に少なくとも一つの膨脹可能バルーンの膨脹と同時に、前記肝動脈の枝管に内壁と接触するように位置決めされ、
前記双極性電極対は、肝臓の脱神経を達成するために設定された熱エネルギー投与量を送出するように構成され、
前記肝動脈の内壁の送出するように設定されたエネルギー投与量は約100Jと約1kJの間である、
肝臓の神経調節用に構成された装置。 - 前記少なくとも一つの膨脹可能バルーンは、前記双極性電極対の少なくとも一つの電極と前記肝動脈の枝管の前記内壁の間で、充分な接触圧力を維持するように構成される、
請求項26に記載の装置。 - 前記充分な接触圧力は約0.1g/mm2と約10g/mm2との間である、
請求項27に記載の装置。 - 前記バルーンカテーテルは2個の膨脹可能バルーンを含み、個々のバルーンはそのバルーン上に配置される前記双極性電極対の一つの電極を有する、
請求項27に記載の装置。 - 前記バルーンカテーテルは1個の膨脹可能バルーンを含み、前記双極性電極対は前記膨脹可能バルーン上に配置される、
請求項27に記載の装置。 - 前記バルーンは、前記バルーンの管腔内に冷却流体を含む、
請求項26から30のいずれか一つに記載の装置。 - 管腔と開口遠端部とを含むカテーテルと、
前記カテーテルの管腔内で滑動可能に収容されるように構成される操縦可能なシャフトと、を備え、
前記操縦可能なシャフトの少なくとも遠位部は、前記カテーテルの前記開口遠端部から前記操縦可能なシャフトの遠位部の進入と同時に血管壁に接触するように、操縦可能なシャフトの前記遠位部が屈曲するように設定される事前形成の形状を有する形状記憶材料を含み、
前記操縦可能なシャフトの遠端部は、少なくとも一つの電極を備え、
前記電極は、肝動脈の枝管の脱神経を達成するよう設定される熱エネルギーの投与量の送出のために作動されるように構成され、
前記肝動脈の枝管の内壁の送出されるよう設定されるエネルギーの投与量は、約100Jと約1kJの間であり、
前記操縦可能なシャフトの形状記憶材料は、肝臓の脱神経手順中において、前記少なくとも一つの電極と前記肝動脈の枝管の内壁との間で、前記形状記憶材料は充分な接触圧力を維持するために充分に弾発的である、
肝臓の神経調節用に構成された装置。 - 前記充分な接触圧力は約0.1g/mm2と約10g/mm2との間である、
請求項32に記載の装置。 - 前記カテーテルの遠端部での外径は、前記カテーテルの近端部での外径よりも小さい、
請求項32に記載の装置。 - 前記カテーテルの遠端部での外径は、約1mmと約4mmの間である、
請求項32から34のいずれか一つに記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも一つの電極は、一以上の窓部有する被覆部を含む、
請求項32から34のいずれか一つに記載の装置。 - 肝動脈の枝管を取り囲む各神経を調節するために、請求項26から36のいずれか一つに記載の装置を用いる方法。
- 糖尿病に関連する症候を治療するために、請求項26から36のいずれか一つに記載の装置を用いる方法。
- 肝動脈を取り巻く神経を調節するために、肝臓系の血管内に挿入されるように構成され且つ管腔を有する神経調節カテーテルと、
前記神経調節カテーテルの管腔内に挿入されるように構成された複数のエネルギー送出装置であって、前記複数のエネルギー送出装置のそれぞれはエネルギー送出装置の遠端部に又は其の近傍に少なくとも一つの調整素子を含み、更に前記複数のエネルギー送出装置のそれぞれは、異なる事前形成の形状記憶構成を有する遠位部を含む複数のエネルギー送出装置と、を備え、
前記少なくとも一つの調整素子は、糖尿病関連の症候を治療するために、前記肝動脈を取り囲む神経の少なくとも一つの部位の調節をおこなうために作動されるように構成される、
神経調節キット。
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