CN101636736A - Web服务发现方法及使用自然语言查询的装置 - Google Patents
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
- G06F16/33—Querying
- G06F16/332—Query formulation
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- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/958—Organisation or management of web site content, e.g. publishing, maintaining pages or automatic linking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
一种web服务询问方法包括在处理器上接收自然语言请求数据。处理器解析所述请求数据。基于被解析的输入数据询问包括web服务资源的目录的数据结构。使根据所述数据结构识别的web服务内的字段与所述被解析的输入数据匹配。汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准。输出所述服务数据给用户。还公开了一种web服务询问装置。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种web服务询问(interrogation)方法及装置。
发明背景
一般地，用户对基于web的服务的询问包括：用户填满(complete)基于web的表单(form)以便询问底层数据库。例如，为了确定一特定航线中航班的可用性，对于任何指定的承运人来说通常必须填满三个或四个web表单。在用户希望比较来自许多web服务的结果的场合，同样的信息常常不得不被重复输入。这对用户来说是非常耗时和令人恼怒的。此外，对将信息重复地输入web表单的要求增加了信息被错误地输入一个或更多个表单的可能性。一般地，这要求整个数据输入过程重新开始，带来伴随的时间浪费及用户恼怒的增加。
一个解决该问题的尝试已经通过使用web引擎来进行的，该web引擎在互联网或公司内部网上搜索下述web服务，即该web服务具有与用户输入的请求的标识符最接近地匹配的统一描述、发现和集成(UDDI)标识符。
然而，这种方法仅仅为要访问的用户返回一个建议的开始点，以便满足他们的查询。此外，这种方法不能代表用户智能地查询web服务。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一个方面，提供了一种web服务询问方法，其包括以下步骤：
i)在处理器上接收自然语言请求数据；
ii)在所述处理器上解析所述请求数据；
iii)根据被解析的输入数据询问包含web服务资源的目录的数据结构；
iv)使根据所述数据结构识别的web服务中的字段与所述被解析的输入数据匹配；其特征在于：
v)汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准；以及
vi)向用户输出所述服务数据。
这种方法允许用户向系统输入自然语言请求，并询问大量web服务而不需要填写多个表单。此外，这种方法允许用户响应于单个自然语言请求而使大量结果被返回。这使得提高询问web服务方法的使用容易性。
该方法可包括从语音识别装置接收所述自然语言请求数据。
该方法可包括识别所述数据结构内的域，以根据所述被解析的输入数据进行询问。
该数据结构可包含许多域，比如旅行和保险。识别域来进行询问降低了返回虚假服务数据的可能性。这减少了在网络上传输的数据的数量。
该数据结构可包括使用UDDI来询问所述数据结构。
该方法可包括通过使用描述符模式来使所述字段与所述数据结构内的被解析的数据匹配。该方法可包括使用WSDL来匹配所述字段。
这样的描述符模式是分级结构，其使用标准的字段描述符来为企业定义与平台无关的记录。
该方法可包括如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量超过预定阈值，则输出查询数据给用户。
这减少了在网络中传输的数据的数量。与已有技术方法相比，数据记录的汇聚提高了返回给用户的结果的相关性。
该方法可包括，如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量处于预定阈值以下，则向所述用户输出查询数据。该方法可包括，如果如果所述被解析的数据不足以匹配所述数据结构中的所有字段，则向所述用户输出查询数据，以便汇聚服务数据记录。该方法可包括响应于所述查询数据而解析被输入的另外的自然语言输入数据。该方法可包括响应于另外的被解析的输入数据而重复步骤(iv)到(vi)。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供了一种网络服务询问装置，其包括：
处理器；
自然语言数据输入设备；
显示设备；
所述数据输入设备设置成接收自然语言请求数据并将所述请求数据传递给所述处理器；
所述处理器设置成解析所述请求数据；
所述处理器设置成根据被解析的输入数据询问包含web服务资源的目录的数据结构，并进一步设置成使根据所述数据结构识别的web服务内的字段与所述被解析的输入数据匹配；其特征在于，
所述处理器设置成汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准；以及
所述处理器设置成输出所述服务数据以显示在所述显示设备上。
所述数据结构被托管在远离所述处理器的数据存储设备上。所述处理器可设置成通过网络，一般是互联网，来访问所述数据结构。
数据结构可包括与许多域有关的数据项目。处理器可设置成根据被解析的输入数据识别询问哪个域。
处理器可设置成通过使用描述符模式来使所述必填字段(mandatoryfield)与所述数据结构内的被解析的输入数据匹配。该描述符模式可包括统一描述、发现和集成(UDDI)。这些字段可以使用Web服务描述语言(WSDL)来描述。
处理器可设置成如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量超过预定阈值，则通过显示设备输出查询数据。
处理器可设置成如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量处于预定阈值以下，则通过显示设备输出查询数据。处理器可设置成如果被解析的数据不足以匹配所需要的数据结构内的所有字段，则输出查询数据给用户，以便汇聚服务数据记录。处理器可设置成响应于所述查询数据而解析被输入的另外的自然语言输入数据。处理器可设置成基于另外的被解析的输入数据来询问包含web服务资源的目录的数据结构，并进一步设置成使所述数据结构内的字段与另外的被解析的输入数据匹配，且其中处理器设置成汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准，以及处理器设置成输出所述服务数据来显示在显示设备上。
自然语言输入装置可包括下述项中的任何一个或组合：键盘、语音识别设备、鼠标-显示器组合。
根据本发明的第三个方面，提供了一种处理器，其设置成如本发明第二个方面所述的处理器进行操作。
根据本发明的第四个方面，提供了一种软件，所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器执行以下步骤：
在处理器上接收自然语言请求数据；
在所述处理器上解析所述请求数据；
基于被解析的输入数据询问包括web服务资源的目录的数据结构；
使所述数据结构内项目中的字段与所述被解析的输入数据匹配；其特征在于
汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准；以及
将所述服务数据输出到显示设备。
所述软件可使处理器通过网络访问数据结构。所述软件可使处理器利用UDDI协议来询问数据结构。
所述软件可使处理器识别域，以根据所述被解析的输入数据进行询问。
所述软件可使处理器通过使用描述符模式例如Web服务描述语言来使所述字段与所述数据结构内的被解析的输入数据匹配。
如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量超过预定阈值，则所述软件可使处理器通过显示设备输出查询数据。
如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量处于预定阈值以下，所述软件可使处理器通过显示设备输出查询数据。如果被解析的数据不足以匹配所需要的数据结构内的所有字段，软件可使处理器输出查询数据给用户，以便汇聚服务数据记录。软件可使处理器响应于所述查询数据而解析被输入的另外的自然语言输入数据。软件可使处理器基于另外的被解析的输入数据来询问包含web服务资源的目录的数据结构，并可使处理器使所述数据结构内的字段与另外的被解析的输入数据匹配，软件可使处理器汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准，且软件可使处理器输出所述服务数据来显示在显示设备上。
附图的简要说明
现在仅作为例子，参照随附的附图来描述本发明的实施方式，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个方面的web服务询问装置的实施方式的示意图，以及
图2是详述根据本发明的另一个方面的web服务询问方法的流程图。
本发明的实施方式的详细描述
web服务询问装置100包括处理器102、键盘104、麦克风106和屏幕108。处理器102通过网络112，一般为互联网，与远程服务器110连接。
服务器110支持描述符模式(descriptor schema)数据结构114，一般为统一描述、发现和集成(UDDI)。模式114支持通过web服务可获得的很多种服务的描述，比如航班细节、保险、饭店、旅馆，及租车。每种web服务被称为域(domain)115。
用户通过键盘104或者如果使用语音识别则通过麦克风106来输入自然语言请求。与自然语言请求数据相对应的数据被传递到处理器102。比如请求可包括“我希望于11月17号从都柏林(Dublin)飞往尼斯(Nice)，于11月18号返回，并在Promenade Anglais逗留用餐”。
处理器102以本领域技术人员已知的方式解析并分析该自然语言请求。该被解析的数据与UDDI数据结构114内的数据项目(data entry)116进行比较，以便确定将被进一步询问的域115。在之前提到的实例中，相关的域115是“航班”、“旅馆”及“饭店”。
然后，处理器102通过网络112访问相关的域115内的web服务118。该web服务118使用web表单内字段的描述符。一般地，这些描述符为标准化的缩写，例如Arr_Date表示“到达日期(Arrival Date)”，以及Dep_Date表示“起程日期(Departure Date)”。一种示例性类型的web服务字段描述符是WSDL。
处理器102使描述符与被解析的web表单中的输入数据的元素相匹配。然后处理器102针对域115内的每个web服务118在web表单中自动填写所请求的字段。
比如，Air Mur和Air Ama可提供在所请求的日期往返都柏林和尼斯的航班。处理器102在服务器120上为这些请求填满web表单119，服务器120可为航空公司服务器或可为汇聚内容服务器(aggregated contentserver)。处理器102然后在屏幕104上向用户返回请求的结果。一般地，对于航班信息来说，请求的结果包括航班的日期及时间，航班价格及其他日程表信息。
类似地，“旅馆”域115具有足够的信息来询问大量的数据库。这可能返回150个结果。处理器102确定有太多的结果要显示给用户，并通过屏幕106向用户发出对进一步的信息的请求。例如，用户可能会被问到：“1至5星级旅馆中，哪一种是您需要的？”
用户通过键盘104或麦克风106输入自然语言响应，比如，“3星级或以上”。处理器102解析该响应并在服务器122上为这些请求填满web表单，服务器122托管(host)预订旅馆的web服务。有可能每个旅馆的详细资料并未储存在汇聚内容服务器上，且处理器102必须询问与不同旅馆有关的多个内容服务器。处理器在屏幕104上向用户返回该请求的结果，比如，房价，可得到性等等。
类似地，“饭店”域115没有足够的信息来在适当的服务器124上询问数据库。处理器102确定需要进一步的信息并通过屏幕106向用户发出对进一步的信息的请求。比如，用户有可能被问到：“你想在哪里进餐及是否有任何饮食偏好？”
用户通过键盘104或麦克风106输入自然语言响应，比如，“海边，法国菜”。处理器102解析该响应并在服务器124上为这些请求填满web表单。如果不使用汇聚内容服务器，就可能必须访问多个服务器。处理器在屏幕104上向用户返回该请求的结果
现在参考图2，web服务询问方法包括在处理器上接收自然语言请求数据(步骤200)。处理器解析该请求数据(步骤202)。根据被解析的输入数据，询问包含web服务资源的目录的数据结构(步骤204)。使根据所述数据结构识别的web服务中的字段与被解析的输入数据匹配(步骤206)。汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准(步骤208)。向用户输出服务数据(步骤210)。
应认识到，尽管参照旅行web服务描述本发明，但是本发明同样应用于任何域，在这些领域中web服务可根据数据结构进行搜索，并且请求数据可以用来填满web表单内的字段。
尽管描述了本发明的各种实施方式，但是对本领域技术人员来说明显的是，一旦给出本公开，就可进行各种修改、变化、改进和变形，而不偏离本发明的范围。
Claims (27)
1.一种web服务询问方法，包括以下步骤：
i)在处理器上接收自然语言请求数据；
ii)在所述处理器上解析所述请求数据；
iii)根据被解析的输入数据询问包含web服务资源的目录的数据结构；
iv)使根据所述数据结构识别的web服务中的字段与所述被解析的输入数据匹配；其特征在于：
v)汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准；以及
vi)向用户输出所述服务数据。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其包括识别所述数据结构内的域，以根据所述被解析的输入数据进行询问。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其包括使用UDDI来询问所述数据结构。
4.如任何一项前述权利要求所述的方法，其包括通过使用描述符模式来使所述字段与所述数据结构内的所述被解析的数据匹配。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其包括使用WSDL来匹配所述字段。
6.如任何一项前述权利要求所述的方法，其包括如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量处于预定阈值以下，则向所述用户输出查询数据。
7.如任何一项前述权利要求所述的方法，其包括如果所述被解析的数据不足以匹配所需要的所述数据结构中的所有字段，则向所述用户输出查询数据，以便汇聚服务数据记录。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其包括响应于所述查询数据而解析被输入的另外的自然语言输入数据。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其包括响应于另外的被解析的输入数据而重复步骤(iv)到(vi)。
10.如任何一项前述权利要求所述的方法，其包括使用所述被解析的输入数据来填满与所述web服务中之一相关联的web表单中的至少一些字段。
11.一种web服务询问装置，包括：
处理器；
自然语言数据输入设备；
显示设备；
所述数据输入设备设置成接收自然语言请求数据并将所述请求数据传递给所述处理器；
所述处理器设置成解析所述请求数据；
所述处理器设置成根据被解析的输入数据询问包含web服务资源的目录的数据结构，并进一步设置成使根据所述数据结构识别的web服务内的项目中的字段与所述被解析的输入数据匹配；其特征在于，
所述处理器设置成汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准；以及
所述处理器设置成输出所述服务数据以显示在所述显示设备上。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置，其中所述数据结构被托管在远离所述处理器的数据存储设备上。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置，其中所述处理器设置成通过网络访问所述数据结构。
14.如权利要求11-13中任一项所述的装置，其中所述处理器设置成使用UDDI来询问所述数据结构。
15.如权利要求11-14中任一项所述的装置，其中所述处理器设置成使用WSDL来使所述字段与所述数据结构内的所述被解析的输入数据匹配。
16.如权利要求11-15中任一项所述的装置，其中所述自然语言输入设备包括下述项中的任意一个：键盘、语音识别设备、鼠标-显示器组合。
17.一种处理器，所述处理器设置成如11-16权利要求中任一项所述的处理器进行操作。
18.一种软件，所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器执行以下步骤：
在处理器上接收自然语言请求数据；
在所述处理器上解析所述请求数据；
基于被解析的输入数据询问包括web服务资源的目录的数据结构；
使所述数据结构内项目中的字段与所述被解析的输入数据匹配；
汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准；以及
将所述服务数据输出到显示设备。
19.如权利要求18所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器通过网络访问所述数据结构。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器使用UDDI协议来询问所述数据结构。
21.如权利要求18-20中任一项所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器识别域以根据所述被解析的输入数据进行询问。
22.如权利要求18-21中任一项所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器使用描述符模式来使所述字段与所述数据结构内的所述被解析的输入数据匹配。
23.如权利要求18-22中任一项所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时，如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量超过预定阈值，则使所述处理器通过所述显示设备输出查询数据。
24.如权利要求18-23中任一项所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时，如果汇聚的服务数据记录的数量处于预定阈值以下，则使所述处理器通过所述显示设备输出查询数据。
25.如权利要求18-24中任一项所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时，如果所述被解析的数据不足以匹配所需要的所述数据结构内的所有字段，则使所述处理器向用户输出查询数据，以便汇聚服务数据记录。
26.如权利要求25所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器响应于所述查询数据而解析被输入的另外的自然语言输入数据。
27.如权利要求26所述的软件，当所述软件被在处理器上执行时使所述处理器基于另外的被解析的输入数据来询问包括web服务资源的目录的数据结构，且进一步使所述处理器使所述数据结构内的字段与所述进一步被解析的输入数据匹配，并使所述处理器汇聚与所述web服务资源中的至少一些相对应的服务数据记录，所述web服务资源中的所述至少一些达到与所述请求数据的匹配标准，以及使所述处理器输出所述服务数据以显示在所述显示设备上。
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|---|---|
| AU2008214724A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| BRPI0808067A2 (pt) | 2014-08-05 |
| JP2010518526A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
| CA2677400A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| WO2008098900A2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| KR20090122944A (ko) | 2009-12-01 |
| WO2008098900A3 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
| EP2109836A2 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
| US20080195630A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
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