ZA200409992B - Herbicidal composition - Google Patents
Herbicidal composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200409992B ZA200409992B ZA200409992A ZA200409992A ZA200409992B ZA 200409992 B ZA200409992 B ZA 200409992B ZA 200409992 A ZA200409992 A ZA 200409992A ZA 200409992 A ZA200409992 A ZA 200409992A ZA 200409992 B ZA200409992 B ZA 200409992B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- herbicidal composition
- cultivated plants
- acetamide
- composition
- paraffins
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 37
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(C)COC)C(=O)CCl WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MEFOUWRMVYJCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N rimsulfuron Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 MEFOUWRMVYJCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000998 shell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N simazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NCC)=N1 ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PQTBTIFWAXVEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulcotrione Chemical compound ClC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1C(=O)CCCC1=O PQTBTIFWAXVEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfentrazone Chemical compound O=C1N(C(F)F)C(C)=NN1C1=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004548 suspo-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbutryn Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NC(C)(C)C)=NC(SC)=N1 IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZTAGFCBNDBBFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCCCC1CO PZTAGFCBNDBBFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LOQQVLXUKHKNIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifensulfuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C(SC=C2)C(O)=O)=N1 LOQQVLXUKHKNIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHTPATJNIAFOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifensulfuron-methyl Chemical group S1C=CC(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC=2N=C(OC)N=C(C)N=2)=C1C(=O)OC AHTPATJNIAFOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38857002P | 2002-06-12 | 2002-06-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA200409992B true ZA200409992B (en) | 2006-07-26 |
Family
ID=29736495
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200409992A ZA200409992B (en) | 2002-06-12 | 2004-12-09 | Herbicidal composition |
Country Status (23)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8097561B2 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP1531670B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP4680590B2 (ru) |
KR (1) | KR101102820B1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN100579371C (ru) |
AP (1) | AP1991A (ru) |
AR (1) | AR040205A1 (ru) |
AU (2) | AU2003275760A1 (ru) |
BG (1) | BG108982A (ru) |
BR (1) | BR0311764A (ru) |
CA (1) | CA2489279C (ru) |
EA (1) | EA009916B1 (ru) |
EC (1) | ECSP055529A (ru) |
GT (1) | GT200300125A (ru) |
MA (1) | MA27254A1 (ru) |
ME (1) | MEP35108A (ru) |
MX (1) | MXPA04012513A (ru) |
NZ (1) | NZ537233A (ru) |
RS (1) | RS107904A (ru) |
TN (1) | TNSN04241A1 (ru) |
UA (1) | UA78326C2 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2003105587A1 (ru) |
ZA (1) | ZA200409992B (ru) |
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GB0305679D0 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2003-04-16 | Syngenta Ltd | Agrochemical formulation |
US8551918B2 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2013-10-08 | Syngenta Crop Protection Llc | Herbicidal composition |
EA010266B1 (ru) * | 2003-12-05 | 2008-06-30 | Зингента Партисипейшнс Аг | Субмикронные композиции, содержащие мезотрион |
EP1570715A1 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2005-09-07 | Eurochem N.V. | Seed pellets and soils for growing plants |
CA2472806A1 (en) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-11-18 | Petro-Canada | Compositions and methods for treating turf insect pests and diseases such as fungal infestations |
US9357768B2 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2016-06-07 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Herbicidal composition with increased herbicidal efficacy |
US20080153708A1 (en) * | 2006-12-24 | 2008-06-26 | Jones Allen L | Fatty acids and fatty acid esters as herbicidal agents and carriers |
WO2009155693A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-12-30 | Petro-Canada | Improved turfgrass fungicide formulation with pigment |
CZ2008842A3 (cs) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-30 | Agra Group, A. S. | Kapalná kompizice s obsahem derivátu triamidu kyseliny fosforecné nebo thifosforecné a její použití |
PL2395843T3 (pl) | 2009-02-13 | 2018-01-31 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Kapsułkowanie herbicydów do zmniejszenia uszkodzeń upraw |
EP2266395A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-29 | Cheminova A/S | Herbicidal compositions comprising fatty acid esters |
UY33563A (es) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-30 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Aplicacion temprana de acetamidas encapsuladas para reducir daños en los cultivos |
CN103096709B (zh) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-04-09 | Sds生物技术株式会社 | 烟草腋芽抑制剂及烟草腋芽抑制方法 |
KR20130109126A (ko) | 2010-09-09 | 2013-10-07 | 선코 에너지 인코포레이티드 | 상승적 파라핀유 및 보스칼리드 살진균제 |
BR112013017684B1 (pt) * | 2011-01-11 | 2018-12-11 | Basf Se | microcápsulas, método para preparar as microcápsulas, composição aquosa e método para controle de fungo fitopatogênico |
CA2836819C (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2017-11-21 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Paraffinic oil-in-water emulsions for controlling infection of crop plants by fungal pathogens |
EP2877026B1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2021-02-17 | FMC Corporation | Formulations of clomazone |
CN105960166B (zh) | 2014-01-27 | 2022-12-06 | 孟山都技术公司 | 水性除草浓缩物 |
CN104542586A (zh) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 安徽省太和县利民中药材有限责任公司 | 一种桔梗专用除草剂 |
UA107867U (uk) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-06-24 | Товариство З Обмеженою Відповідальністю "Альфа Хімгруп" | Двокомпонентний гербіцидний засіб |
AR109032A1 (es) | 2016-07-12 | 2018-10-24 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Microemulsiones plaguicidas |
US11129381B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2021-09-28 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Microencapsulated herbicides |
US11206832B2 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2021-12-28 | Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. | Herbicidal compound |
AU2019348204A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2021-05-06 | 0903608 B.C. Ltd. | Synergistic pesticidal compositions and methods for delivery of insecticidal active ingredients |
CA3128036A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-06 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Microencapsulated acetamide herbicides |
WO2021214792A1 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | M/S Tagros Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd | Herbicide composition, formulations and methods thereof |
RU2761166C1 (ru) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-12-06 | АО "Щелково Агрохим" | Двухкомпонентное гербицидное средство |
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-
2003
- 2003-04-06 UA UAA200500214A patent/UA78326C2/ru unknown
- 2003-06-04 CA CA2489279A patent/CA2489279C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-04 EA EA200401553A patent/EA009916B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-04 NZ NZ537233A patent/NZ537233A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-04 AP AP2005003195A patent/AP1991A/xx active
- 2003-06-04 RS YUP-1079/04A patent/RS107904A/sr unknown
- 2003-06-04 JP JP2004512506A patent/JP4680590B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-04 MX MXPA04012513A patent/MXPA04012513A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-06-04 KR KR1020047020107A patent/KR101102820B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-04 EP EP03741860.5A patent/EP1531670B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-04 CN CN03817875A patent/CN100579371C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-04 WO PCT/US2003/017486 patent/WO2003105587A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-06-04 US US10/517,732 patent/US8097561B2/en active Active
- 2003-06-04 BR BR0311764-2A patent/BR0311764A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-06-04 AU AU2003275760A patent/AU2003275760A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-04 ME MEP-351/08A patent/MEP35108A/xx unknown
- 2003-06-05 GT GT200300125A patent/GT200300125A/es unknown
- 2003-06-11 AR ARP030102097A patent/AR040205A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-12-08 TN TNP2004000241A patent/TNSN04241A1/fr unknown
- 2004-12-09 ZA ZA200409992A patent/ZA200409992B/en unknown
- 2004-12-13 MA MA27999A patent/MA27254A1/fr unknown
- 2004-12-16 BG BG108982A patent/BG108982A/xx unknown
-
2005
- 2005-01-10 EC EC2005005529A patent/ECSP055529A/es unknown
-
2009
- 2009-05-15 AU AU2009201935A patent/AU2009201935A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005529943A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
MEP35108A (en) | 2011-02-10 |
US8097561B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
AU2009201935A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
BR0311764A (pt) | 2005-03-15 |
KR101102820B1 (ko) | 2012-01-05 |
WO2003105587A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
RS107904A (en) | 2007-02-05 |
EP1531670B1 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
KR20050016538A (ko) | 2005-02-21 |
TNSN04241A1 (fr) | 2007-03-12 |
EP1531670A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
NZ537233A (en) | 2007-08-31 |
MA27254A1 (fr) | 2005-03-01 |
GT200300125A (es) | 2004-03-01 |
AR040205A1 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
EA009916B1 (ru) | 2008-04-28 |
JP4680590B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
AP1991A (en) | 2009-04-08 |
MXPA04012513A (es) | 2005-02-17 |
EA200401553A1 (ru) | 2005-08-25 |
CA2489279A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 |
ECSP055529A (es) | 2005-03-10 |
CN100579371C (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
US20050233907A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
UA78326C2 (ru) | 2007-03-15 |
AU2003275760A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
EP1531670A4 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
CN1671288A (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
CA2489279C (en) | 2010-02-09 |
BG108982A (en) | 2005-12-30 |
AP2005003195A0 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
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