ZA200103525B - Process for manufacture of L-DOPA ethyl ester. - Google Patents
Process for manufacture of L-DOPA ethyl ester. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200103525B ZA200103525B ZA200103525A ZA200103525A ZA200103525B ZA 200103525 B ZA200103525 B ZA 200103525B ZA 200103525 A ZA200103525 A ZA 200103525A ZA 200103525 A ZA200103525 A ZA 200103525A ZA 200103525 B ZA200103525 B ZA 200103525B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- ethyl ester
- dopa ethyl
- solution
- dopa
- crude
- Prior art date
Links
- NULMGOSOSZBEQL-QMMMGPOBSA-N etilevodopa Chemical compound CCOC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 NULMGOSOSZBEQL-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 title claims description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 85
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Dopa Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N L-DOPA Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- CVQFXVIIFKVRCK-QRPNPIFTSA-N ethyl (2s)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCOC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CVQFXVIIFKVRCK-QRPNPIFTSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 butylated hydroxy anisol Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940001482 sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004502 levodopa Drugs 0.000 description 37
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229960001820 etilevodopa Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MHUWZNTUIIFHAS-CLFAGFIQSA-N dioleoyl phosphatidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC MHUWZNTUIIFHAS-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940081615 DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000016285 Movement disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000360 alopecia Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNQDCRGUHNALGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benserazide Chemical compound OCC(N)C(=O)NNCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1O BNQDCRGUHNALGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000911 benserazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004205 carbidopa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TZFNLOMSOLWIDK-JTQLQIEISA-N carbidopa (anhydrous) Chemical compound NN[C@@](C(O)=O)(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 TZFNLOMSOLWIDK-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000534 dopa decarboxylase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000683 possible toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/38—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C227/40—Separation; Purification
- C07C227/42—Crystallisation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10782098P | 1998-11-10 | 1998-11-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200103525B true ZA200103525B (en) | 2002-05-02 |
Family
ID=22318659
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200103525A ZA200103525B (en) | 1998-11-10 | 2001-05-02 | Process for manufacture of L-DOPA ethyl ester. |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6218566B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1137626A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2002529443A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1325379A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU764844B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2350303A1 (ja) |
| HK (1) | HK1041475A1 (ja) |
| HU (1) | HUP0103798A3 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL143070A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO20012266L (ja) |
| NZ (1) | NZ512030A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2000027801A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200103525B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6746688B1 (en) | 1996-10-13 | 2004-06-08 | Neuroderm Ltd. | Apparatus for the transdermal treatment of Parkinson's disease |
| IL159813A0 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2004-06-20 | Teva Pharma | Dual release formulation comprising levodopa ethyl ester and a decarboxylase inhibitor in immediate release layer with levodopa ethyl ester and a decarboxylase inhibitor in a controlled release core |
| WO2003041646A2 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-22 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | L-dopa ethyl ester salts and uses thereof |
| WO2003042136A2 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-22 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Process for the production of l-dopa ethyl ester |
| EP3291872A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 | 2019-02-13 | SynAgile Corporation | PHARMACEUTICAL SUSPENSIONS WITH ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, DEVICES FOR THEIR ADMINISTRATION AND METHOD FOR THEIR USE |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA716958B (en) | 1970-10-30 | 1973-01-31 | Hoffmann La Roche | Phenylalanine amides |
| US3803120A (en) | 1971-09-28 | 1974-04-09 | Hoffmann La Roche | Di-and tripeptides of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-alanine |
| US3939253A (en) | 1973-11-02 | 1976-02-17 | Interx Research Corporation | Novel, transient pro-drug forms of l-dopa useful in the treatment of parkinson's disease |
| JPS5157813A (en) | 1974-11-14 | 1976-05-20 | Sankyo Co | Ll dooba mataha sonojudotaiseizaino seiho |
| US4035507A (en) | 1975-04-17 | 1977-07-12 | Interx Research Corporation | Novel, transient pro-drug forms of L-DOPA to treat Parkinson's disease |
| US4916151A (en) | 1985-12-05 | 1990-04-10 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Method of treating parkinson's syndrome |
| US4663349A (en) | 1985-12-30 | 1987-05-05 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Rectally absorbable form of L-dopa |
| US4771073A (en) | 1985-12-30 | 1988-09-13 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Rectally absorbable form of L-dopa |
| ATE76747T1 (de) | 1986-06-10 | 1992-06-15 | Chiesi Farma Spa | Levodopa-methyl-ester enthaltende pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen, ihre herstellung und therapeutische verwendungen. |
| US5354885A (en) | 1992-12-24 | 1994-10-11 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem | Process for preparing ethyl ester of L-DOPA |
| US5607969A (en) | 1992-12-24 | 1997-03-04 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem | L-DOPA ethyl ester to treat Parkinson's disease |
-
1999
- 1999-11-10 IL IL14307099A patent/IL143070A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-10 CA CA002350303A patent/CA2350303A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-10 WO PCT/US1999/026548 patent/WO2000027801A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-10 AU AU17170/00A patent/AU764844B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-10 CN CN99813032A patent/CN1325379A/zh active Pending
- 1999-11-10 NZ NZ512030A patent/NZ512030A/en unknown
- 1999-11-10 US US09/437,700 patent/US6218566B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-10 HU HU0103798A patent/HUP0103798A3/hu unknown
- 1999-11-10 JP JP2000580981A patent/JP2002529443A/ja active Pending
- 1999-11-10 EP EP99960259A patent/EP1137626A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-05-02 ZA ZA200103525A patent/ZA200103525B/en unknown
- 2001-05-08 NO NO20012266A patent/NO20012266L/no unknown
- 2001-05-09 US US09/851,818 patent/US20020026069A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-03-28 HK HK02102399.1A patent/HK1041475A1/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1717000A (en) | 2000-05-29 |
| US6218566B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 |
| CA2350303A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
| IL143070A0 (en) | 2002-04-21 |
| NZ512030A (en) | 2003-10-31 |
| NO20012266L (no) | 2001-06-26 |
| EP1137626A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
| US20020026069A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| EP1137626A4 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
| HK1041475A1 (zh) | 2002-07-12 |
| CN1325379A (zh) | 2001-12-05 |
| HUP0103798A3 (en) | 2002-12-28 |
| WO2000027801A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
| IL143070A (en) | 2004-03-28 |
| AU764844B2 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| NO20012266D0 (no) | 2001-05-08 |
| HUP0103798A2 (hu) | 2002-02-28 |
| JP2002529443A (ja) | 2002-09-10 |
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