WO2025159583A1 - 분리막, 이를 포함하는 전극 조립체 및 이를 포함하는 배터리 셀 - Google Patents
분리막, 이를 포함하는 전극 조립체 및 이를 포함하는 배터리 셀Info
- Publication number
- WO2025159583A1 WO2025159583A1 PCT/KR2025/001504 KR2025001504W WO2025159583A1 WO 2025159583 A1 WO2025159583 A1 WO 2025159583A1 KR 2025001504 W KR2025001504 W KR 2025001504W WO 2025159583 A1 WO2025159583 A1 WO 2025159583A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thickness
- separator
- coating layer
- polymer substrate
- porous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator, an electrode assembly including the same, and a battery cell including the same.
- Secondary batteries are attracting significant attention not only as a power source for mobile devices such as cell phones, digital cameras, laptops, and wearable devices, but also as a power source for powertrains such as electric bicycles, electric cars, and hybrid electric vehicles.
- Secondary batteries are classified into cylindrical batteries, in which the electrode assembly is housed in a cylindrical metal can, square batteries, in which the electrode assembly is housed in a square metal can, and pouch batteries, in which the electrode assembly is housed in a pouch-shaped case made of aluminum laminate sheet, depending on the shape of the battery case.
- cylindrical batteries have the advantages of relatively large capacity and structural stability.
- the present invention provides a separator capable of improving stability by preventing damage (impingement) caused by pressing the separator in a battery cell in which an electrode assembly is wound with a separator interposed between electrodes and is built into a cylindrical battery housing, an electrode assembly including the same, and a battery cell including the same.
- a separator of the following embodiment, an electrode assembly including the same, and a battery cell including the same are provided.
- a separator comprising: a porous polymer substrate; and a porous coating layer formed on both sides of the porous polymer substrate and including inorganic particles and a binder polymer; wherein the separator has one end (A), another end (A') and a point (B) between the one end (A) and the other end (A') in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of the separator is maintained constant from the one end (A) to the other end (A'), and the thicknesses of the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer are maintained constant in a region (AB) between the one end (A) and the point (B), and the thickness of the porous polymer substrate decreases and the thickness of the porous coating layer increases in a region (BA') between the one point (B) and the other end (A').
- the shape of the interface between the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer may be asymmetrical with respect to a vertical line of the center of the longitudinal direction of the separation membrane.
- the shape of the interface between the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer may be symmetrical with respect to a vertical line at the center of the thickness direction of the separation membrane.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate may linearly decrease and the thickness of the porous coating layer may linearly increase in a region (BA') between the point (B) and the other end (A').
- the length from the one end (A) to the one point (B) may be about 10% to 70% of the length in the longitudinal direction of the separation membrane.
- the thickness at the other end (A') of the porous polymer substrate may be about 75% to 95% of the thickness at one end (A) of the porous polymer substrate by 100%.
- the content of the porous coating layer in the region (BA') may be about 40 parts by weight to 1300 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the porous coating layer in the region (AB).
- the content of the porous coating layer may be about 40 parts by weight to 60 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the porous polymer substrate.
- the total length of the separation membrane in the longitudinal direction may be about 1.5 m to 5 m.
- an electrode assembly which includes a separator according to any one of the first to ninth embodiments; a first electrode in contact with one surface of the separator; and a second electrode in contact with the other surface of the separator, wherein the first electrode, the separator, and the second electrode are wound around the other end (A') of the separator as a winding axis.
- the winding length of the electrode assembly may be about 1.5 m to 5 m.
- the electrode assembly may be one in which the first electrode, the separator, and the second electrode are laminated in this order.
- a battery cell in which an electrode assembly according to any one of the tenth to twelfth embodiments is loaded into a cylindrical battery housing together with an electrolyte.
- the form factor of the cylindrical battery housing may be 46110, 46800, 46950, 48110, 48750 or 48800.
- a separator according to one embodiment of the present invention may have excellent mechanical properties, and when wound together with an electrode and loaded into a cylindrical battery housing, it may prevent or suppress damage (impingement) that occurs when the separator is pressed due to volume expansion during charging and discharging of the electrode at the center.
- a battery cell including an electrode assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties of a separator at the center, thereby preventing or suppressing internal short circuits of the battery.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates the structure of a separation membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a separation membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention, with an imaginary vertical line drawn at the center of the length direction of the separation membrane.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which an imaginary vertical line is drawn at the center of the thickness direction of the membrane.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing for explaining a battery pack including a battery cell according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a drawing for explaining a vehicle including a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- D 50 means the particle diameter at the 50% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle diameter.
- D 10 means the particle diameter at the 10% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle diameter
- D 90 means the particle diameter at the 90% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle diameter.
- the particle diameter can be measured using a laser diffraction method. For example, after the powder to be measured is dispersed in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g., Microtrac S3500), and when the particles pass through the laser beam, the difference in the diffraction pattern according to the particle size is measured to calculate the particle size distribution. By calculating the particle diameters at the points where they are 10%, 50%, and 90% of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle diameter in the measuring device, D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 can be measured, respectively.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g., Microtrac S3
- the "mechanical direction MD” of the separator refers to the direction of the longer length among the width and height of the separator.
- the separator is a strip-shaped separator having an aspect ratio of 1 or more, or an aspect ratio exceeding 1, and two or more unit electrodes are arranged on the separator.
- the mechanical direction refers to the direction in which the unit electrodes are arranged.
- the "mechanical direction” of the separator may coincide with the running direction of the separator or the electrode assembly in the manufacturing process of the separator or the manufacturing process of the electrode assembly using the same, and is also referred to as the "winding direction” because it is the same as the winding direction during the manufacturing process of the electrode assembly.
- the "thickness direction” (transverse direction TD) refers to a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- the "thickness" of each component may refer to a value measured using a known thickness measuring device capable of measuring the thickness of a battery separator.
- the thickness measuring device may be a VL-50S manufactured by Mitutoyo, but is not limited thereto.
- the terms “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” are used to mean a range of or near that number or degree, taking into account inherent manufacturing and material tolerances.
- the electrode assembly built into the battery case is a charge-discharge power plant having a stacked structure of a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode, and is classified into a jelly-roll type electrode assembly, a stack type electrode assembly, and a stack/folding type electrode assembly.
- the jelly-roll type electrode assembly is a form in which a separator is interposed between long sheet-shaped positive and negative electrodes coated with an active material and rolled up
- the stack type electrode assembly is a form in which a plurality of positive and negative electrodes of a predetermined size are sequentially stacked with a separator interposed therebetween
- the stack/folding type electrode assembly is a composite structure of the jelly-roll type and the stack type.
- the jelly-roll type electrode assembly has the advantages of being easy to manufacture and having a high energy density per weight.
- a long electrode with a fixed width is rolled into a jelly-roll-shaped electrode assembly.
- Cylindrical batteries manufactured by inserting this jelly-roll-shaped electrode assembly into a battery case undergo repeated contraction and expansion of the electrode during charging and discharging. Meanwhile, the electrode undergoes a cutting process during the manufacturing process, and a rough portion, a burr, may exist on the surface of the terminal portion of the electrode due to the cutting process. If the burr exists, the separator of the cylindrical battery may be damaged (impinged) by the contraction and expansion of the electrode during charging and discharging, which may cause an internal short circuit.
- the contraction and expansion of the electrode during charging and discharging of the cylindrical battery may cause the burr to rub against the inorganic particles and binder polymer in the porous coating layer of the separator, causing the inorganic particles and binder polymer to detach, thereby damaging the separator.
- the loading amount of the porous coating layer on the same area of the porous polymer for example, as the thickness of the porous coating layer increases, the content of the inorganic particles and the binder polymer increases, thereby increasing the resistance of the separator to burrs of the electrode due to shrinkage and expansion of the battery, thereby improving impingement of the separator, and an electrode assembly including the same and a battery cell including the same are provided.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides the following separation membrane.
- the separator (10) comprises a porous polymer substrate (11); and a porous coating layer (12) formed on both sides of the porous polymer substrate and including inorganic particles and a binder polymer, wherein the separator (10) has one end (A), another end (A') and a point (B) between the one end (A) and the other end (A') in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of the separator is maintained constant from the one end (A) to the other end (A'), and the thicknesses of the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer are maintained constant in a region (AB) between the one end (A) and the point (B), and the thickness of the porous polymer substrate decreases and the thickness of the porous coating layer increases in a region (BA') between the one point (B) and the other end (A').
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate in a region (BA') between one point (B) of the separator and the other end (A') may decrease toward the other end (A'), and the thickness of the porous coating layer may increase toward the other end (A').
- the region (AB) means a part of the membrane corresponding to a section from one end (A) to one point (B) in the longitudinal direction of the membrane as illustrated in Fig. 1.
- the 'porous polymer substrate of the region (AB)' means a porous polymer substrate corresponding to a section from one end (A) to one point (B) in the longitudinal direction of the membrane.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate decreases and the thickness of the porous coating layer increases in the area (BA') between the point (B) and the other end (A')
- the content of the binder polymer and the inorganic particles in the direction of the other end (A') of the separator is high, so that the bonding force between the inorganic particles is excellent, and thus the mechanical strength of the separator can be excellent.
- the separator may have an interface between the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer that is asymmetrical in shape with respect to a vertical line at the center of the longitudinal direction (MD).
- the vertical line at the center of the longitudinal direction (MD) may be an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the separator at its center in the longitudinal direction of the separator, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the shape of the interface between the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer may be approximately symmetrical with respect to a vertical line at the center of the thickness direction (TD) of the separator.
- the vertical line at the center of the thickness direction (TD) of the separator may be an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the thickness direction of the separator at the center in the thickness direction of the separator, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate in a region (BA') between the point (B) and the other end (A') may, for example, decrease toward the other end (A'), and the thickness of the porous coating layer may, for example, increase toward the other end (A').
- the decrease in the thickness of the porous polymer substrate may be a linear decrease or a non-linear decrease
- the increase in the thickness of the porous coating layer may be a linear increase or a non-linear increase.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate may linearly decrease and the thickness of the porous coating layer may linearly increase in a region (BA') between the point (B) and the other end (A').
- the manufacturing process may be facilitated in preparation for a nonlinear decrease in the thickness of the porous polymer substrate during the membrane forming process.
- the term "the thickness of the membrane is maintained constant" means that when the thickness is measured at any position within a specific area using the same method, the measured thickness value exists within an error range of about 5% or less. For example, if the deviation of the thickness values at any two positions within the specific area is within about 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or 0% (i.e., no difference), it can be said that the thickness is maintained constant.
- the term “thickness increases” means that when thickness is measured using the same method in a certain direction within a specific area, the thickness value increases continuously or discontinuously.
- the rate at which the thickness value increases may be maintained constant within an error range of about 5% or may change discontinuously.
- the term “thickness increases continuously” may mean that the thickness value increases continuously at a constant rate.
- the term “thickness decreases” means that when thickness is measured using the same method in a certain direction within a specific area, the thickness value decreases continuously or discontinuously.
- the rate at which the thickness value decreases may be maintained constant within an error range of about 5% or may change discontinuously.
- the continuous decrease in thickness may mean that the thickness value decreases continuously at a constant rate.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate may be measured by removing the porous coating layer from the separator.
- the thickness of the remaining porous polymer substrate may be measured after removing the porous coating layer included in the separator using a solvent capable of dissolving the porous coating layer.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer can be measured by measuring the thickness of the separator and then determining the difference between the thickness of the porous polymer substrate measured according to the above with respect to the thickness of the separator, but the measurement method is not limited thereto.
- the length from the one end (A) to the one point (B) may be about 10% to 70%, or about 20% to 60%, or about 30% to 50%, or about 40% to 45% of the length of the membrane in the longitudinal direction, based on 100%.
- the length from the one end (A) to the one point (B) satisfies the above-described range, the heat resistance and mechanical strength of the membrane may be excellent, and the resistance of the membrane may be low.
- the length of the membrane may mean the length from the one end (A) to the other end (A').
- the thickness at the other end (A') of the porous polymer substrate may be about 75% to 95%, or about 80% to 90%, of the thickness at one end (A) of the porous polymer substrate.
- the thickness at the other end (A) may be within a range of about 7.5 ⁇ m to 9.5 ⁇ m.
- the porous coating layer can be formed on a porous polymer substrate with a content (loading amount) of about 4.0 g/m 2 to 6.5 g/m 2 , about 4.5 g/m 2 to 6.3 g/m 2 , or about 5.0 g/m 2 to 6.0 g/m 2 .
- the content of the porous coating layer in the region (BA') may be about 40 parts by weight to 1300 parts by weight, about 100 parts by weight to 1200 parts by weight, or about 200 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the porous coating layer in the region (AB).
- the mechanical properties of the separator in the region (BA') may be excellent, and the degree of damage to the separator due to shrinkage and expansion of the electrode in the center of the cylindrical battery cell including the separator according to one embodiment of the present invention may be reduced.
- the content of the porous coating layer may be about 40 parts by weight to 60 parts by weight, or about 45 parts by weight to 55 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the porous polymer substrate.
- the content of the porous coating layer may refer to a relative content relative to the weight of the porous polymer substrate in the region (AA'), i.e., the entire range of the separation membrane.
- the total length of the separation membrane in the longitudinal direction may be about 1.5 m to 5 m, or about 2 m to 4.5 m.
- the porous polymer substrate has a structure having pores, for example, it may be a porous polymer film substrate or a porous polymer nonwoven fabric substrate.
- the porous polymer film substrate may be a porous polymer film made of an olefin polymer such as polyethylene or polypropylene, and such an olefin polymer porous polymer film substrate exhibits a shutdown function at a temperature of, for example, about 80°C to 130°C.
- the porous polymer film may be formed of an olefin polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc., such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or a polymer or a derivative thereof, either alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- an olefin polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc.
- high-density polyethylene such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc.
- high-density polyethylene such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc.
- high-density polyethylene such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, etc.
- high-density polyethylene such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene,
- olefin polymer porous polymer films that can be applied as such porous polymer substrates include, but are not limited to, wet polyethylene series (Asahi-Kasei E-Materials, Toray, SK IE Technology, Shanghai Energy, Sinoma, Entek), dry polypropylene series (Shenzhen Senior, Cangzhou Mingzhu), and dry polypropylene/polyethylene multilayer structure series (Polypore, Ube).
- the porous polymer film substrate may be manufactured by forming a film shape using various polymers such as polyester in addition to olefin polymers.
- the porous polymer film substrate may be formed in a structure in which two or more film layers are laminated, and each film layer may be formed of a polymer such as the above-mentioned olefin polymer, polyester, etc. alone, or a polymer obtained by mixing two or more types thereof.
- porous polymer film substrate and the porous nonwoven fabric substrate may be formed of polymers such as polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfide, polyethylenenaphthalene, etc., either singly or as a mixture thereof, in addition to the above olefin polymers.
- polymers such as polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfide, polyethylenenaphthalene, etc., either singly or as a mixture thereof, in addition to the above olefin polymers.
- the weight average molecular weight of the porous polymer substrate may be about 10,000 g/mol to 1,000,000 g/mol or about 100,000 g/mol to 800,000 g/mol.
- the strength of the porous polymer substrate may be excellent.
- the weight average molecular weight may be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC: gel permeation chromatography, PL GPC220, Agilent Technologies) under the following conditions.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above-described ratio range relative to the total thickness of the separator, but may be, for example, about 1 ⁇ m or more, 10 ⁇ m or more, about 30 ⁇ m or less, or about 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive and negative electrodes can be electrically insulated while maintaining mechanical properties.
- the pore size and porosity of the porous polymer substrate there are no particular limitations on the pore size and porosity of the porous polymer substrate.
- the porosity may be in the range of about 10% to 70%, and the pore size (diameter) may be in the range of about 0.01 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the porous polymer substrate may be in the form of a fiber or membrane.
- the above porosity or pore size can be measured using BELSORP (BET equipment) of BEL JAPAN using an adsorbed gas such as nitrogen, or can be measured using a method such as mercury intrusion porosimetry or capillary flow porosimetry.
- the above porous coating layer is located on both sides of the porous polymer substrate and includes a binder polymer and inorganic particles.
- the above inorganic particles have the function of forming micropores by enabling the formation of empty spaces between the inorganic particles and also serve as a kind of spacer that can maintain the physical shape, and since they generally have the property of not changing physical properties even at high temperatures of 200°C or higher, the formed organic/inorganic composite porous film has excellent heat resistance.
- inorganic particles are not particularly limited as long as they are electrochemically stable.
- the inorganic particles that can be used in one embodiment of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they do not undergo oxidation and/or reduction reactions within the operating voltage range of the applied battery (e.g., 0 to 5 V based on Li/Li + ).
- the operating voltage range of the applied battery e.g., 0 to 5 V based on Li/Li +
- inorganic particles with ion transfer capability when inorganic particles with ion transfer capability are used, by using inorganic particles with as high an ion conductivity as possible, the ion conductivity within the electrochemical device can be increased, thereby improving performance.
- the inorganic particles when the inorganic particles have a high density, by using inorganic particles with as low a density as possible, difficulties in dispersion during coating can be prevented, and the problem of weight increase during battery manufacturing can be solved.
- the inorganic particles when the inorganic particles have a high dielectric constant, they can contribute to increasing the dissociation of electrolyte salts, such as lithium salts, in liquid electrolytes, thereby improving the ion conductivity of the electrolyte.
- the inorganic particles may be high-k inorganic particles having a dielectric constant of 5 or more, or 10 or more, inorganic particles having piezoelectricity, inorganic particles having lithium ion transport capability, or a mixture thereof.
- Examples of the inorganic particles having a dielectric constant of 5 or more include, but are not limited to, SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO , ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiC, AlO(OH), Mg(OH) 2 , Al(OH) 3 , AlN, or mixtures thereof.
- the above inorganic particles having piezoelectricity are non-conductive at normal pressure, but when a certain pressure is applied, they are materials that have the property of conducting electricity due to a change in their internal structure. In addition, when a certain pressure is applied and they are stretched or compressed, charges are generated, so that one side is charged positively and the other side is charged negatively, and a potential difference is generated between the two sides.
- Examples of the inorganic particles having the above piezoelectricity include, but are not limited to, BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), Pb 1- xLa x Zr 1-y Ti y O 3 (PLZT), PB(Mg 3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), hafnia (HfO 2 ), or mixtures thereof.
- the above-mentioned inorganic particles having lithium ion transfer capability refer to inorganic particles that contain lithium elements but do not store lithium and have the function of transferring lithium ions. Since the inorganic particles having lithium ion transfer capability can transfer and move lithium ions due to a type of defect existing within the particle structure, lithium ion conductivity within the battery is improved, thereby promoting improvement in battery performance.
- Examples of the inorganic particles having the lithium ion transporting ability include lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ), lithium titanium phosphate (Li x Ti y (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Li x Al y Ti z (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 3), (LiAlTiP) x O y series glass (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 13) such as 14Li 2 O-9Al 2 O 3 -38TiO 2 -39P 2 O 5 ), lithium lanthanum titanate (Li x La y TiO 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3), lithium germanium thiophosphate (Li x Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 ) , etc.
- lithium phosphate Li 3 PO 4
- Li x Ti y (PO 4 ) 3 Li x Ti y
- lithium nitrides such as Li 3 N (Li x N y , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2)
- SiS 2 series glasses such as Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 (Li x Si y S z , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 4)
- P 2 S 5 series glasses such as LiI-Li 2 SP 2 S 5 (Li x P y S z , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 7), or mixtures thereof.
- the separation membrane according to the present invention can form a pore structure of a porous coating layer together with pores included in a separation membrane substrate by controlling the size of inorganic particles constituting the porous coating layer, the content of the inorganic particles, and the composition of the inorganic particles and the binder polymer, and can also control the pore size and porosity together.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the above-mentioned inorganic particles may be, for example, about 1 ⁇ m or less, or about 500 nm or less, or about 300 nm or less, for the formation of a porous coating layer of uniform thickness and an appropriate porosity thereof.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the above-mentioned inorganic particles satisfies this range, the dispersibility of the slurry for the porous coating layer is maintained, making it easy to control the properties of the separator, and problems such as excessive increase in the thickness of the separator resulting in a deterioration in the mechanical properties or an internal short circuit occurring during battery charging and discharging due to an excessively large pore size can be prevented or suppressed.
- the porosity of the above porous coating layer may range from about 5% to 95%, but is not limited thereto.
- the content of the inorganic particles is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 50 wt% or more, about 60 wt% or more, about 95 wt% or less, about 97 wt% or less, or about 99 wt% or less, based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the porous coating layer.
- the weight ratio of the inorganic particles to the binder polymer may be, for example, about 50:50 or more, about 60:40 or more, about 70:30 or more, about 95:5 or less, about 97:3 or less, or about 99:1 or less, and may be from about 50:50 to 99:1, or from about 60:40 to 97:3, or from about 70:30 to 95:5.
- the problem of a decrease in the pore size and porosity of the porous coating layer formed due to an excessive increase in the content of the binder polymer can be prevented or suppressed, and the problem of a weakening of the peeling resistance of the porous coating layer due to a decrease in the adhesive force between inorganic particles due to a low content of the binder polymer can also be resolved.
- the above binder polymer may be used with a glass transition temperature (T g ) as low as possible, for example, in the range of -200°C to 200°C.
- T g glass transition temperature
- the binder polymer may include, but is not limited to, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl pullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxylmethyl cellulose, styrene butadiene copolymer, polyimide, or two or more thereof.
- the inorganic particles are filled and in contact with each other and are bound to each other by the binder polymer, thereby forming an interstitial volume between the inorganic particles, and the interstitial volume between the inorganic particles becomes an empty space to form pores.
- the binder polymer attaches the inorganic particles to each other so that they can remain bound to each other, for example, the binder polymer connects and fixes the inorganic particles together.
- the pores of the porous coating layer are pores formed by the interstitial volume between the inorganic particles becoming empty spaces, and these are spaces defined by the inorganic particles that are substantially in contact in a closed packed or densely packed structure by the inorganic particles.
- additives such as a conductive agent may be further included.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above-described ratio range relative to the total thickness of the separator, and may be, for example, about 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, about 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, or about 1.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- a method for manufacturing a separation membrane according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of manufacturing a porous polymer substrate (S100) and a step of forming a porous coating layer (S200).
- the porous polymer substrate can be manufactured by a conventional dry manufacturing method or a wet manufacturing method.
- the dry manufacturing method can be manufactured by kneading a mixture containing a polymer resin, melt-extruding the mixture to prepare an unstretched sheet, and then stretching the unstretched sheet to obtain a stretched sheet.
- the wet manufacturing method may include the steps of kneading a mixture including a polymer resin and a plasticizer, extruding the mixture to obtain an extrudate, cooling the extrudate on a casting roll to obtain a sheet, stretching the obtained sheet in the machine direction (MD) and the thickness direction (TD), and extracting the plasticizer from the stretched sheet with an organic solvent.
- the polymer resin may include polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, polyester, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfide, polyethylenenaphthalene, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, polyester, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, poly
- a porous polymer substrate can be manufactured such that a portion between one end of the porous polymer substrate and a point (any point between the two ends) (hereinafter also referred to as a first portion) has a constant first thickness, and a portion between the one end and the other end (hereinafter also referred to as a second portion) has a thickness that decreases toward the other end, so that the thickness at the other end becomes a second thickness that is thinner than the first thickness.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate can be controlled in the extrusion step or the stretching step.
- the extrusion step may use a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder, and a T-die is provided as a discharge unit. By controlling the T-die as a discharge unit, the thickness of the porous polymer can be controlled.
- the stretching step may be performed by roll method, tenter method sequential, or simultaneous stretching, and the thickness of the porous polymer can be controlled in the stretching step.
- the step of forming the porous coating layer (S200) may include applying and drying a slurry for forming a porous coating layer on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate manufactured in the step of manufacturing the porous polymer substrate (S100).
- the slurry for forming the porous coating layer may be prepared by mixing inorganic particles and a binder polymer into a dispersion medium.
- the inorganic particles and the binder polymer may be substituted for those described above.
- the dispersion medium may be a dispersion medium having a solubility index similar to that of the binder polymer to be used and a low boiling point. This is to facilitate uniform mixing and subsequent removal of the dispersion medium.
- dispersion mediums include acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), cyclohexane, water, or mixtures thereof.
- a step of crushing the inorganic particles may be further included.
- the crushing time may be, for example, about 1 to 20 hours, and the particle size of the crushed inorganic particles may be about 0.001 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m as described above.
- a conventional method may be used for the crushing method, and for example, a ball mill method may be used.
- the step of applying the slurry for forming the porous coating layer may use a conventional coating method known in the art as a method of coating on a porous polymer substrate, and various methods such as dip coating, die coating, roll coating, comma coating, or a mixed method thereof may be used.
- the step of drying the slurry for forming the porous coating layer may be performed under a humidity condition of 10% to 80%, and may be dried by a method such as natural drying or hot air drying.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer coated on both sides of the first portion of the porous polymer substrate having the first thickness is each constant to a third thickness
- the thickness of the porous coating layer coated on both sides of the second portion of the porous polymer substrate, which has a thickness that decreases toward the other end such that the thickness at the other end becomes the second thickness, is each increased toward the other end such that the thickness at the other end becomes the second thickness that is thicker than that of the first portion, can be formed.
- the manufactured separator can have a constant thickness throughout.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode assembly.
- an electrode assembly comprising: a separator; a first electrode; and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode, the separator, and the second electrode are wound with the other end (A') of the separator as a winding axis.
- the separation membrane has one end (A), another end (A') and a point (B) between the one end (A) and the other end (A') in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of the separation membrane is maintained constant from the one end (A) to the other end (A'), and the thicknesses of the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer are maintained constant in the region (AB) between the one end (A) and the point (B), and the thickness of the porous polymer substrate decreases and the thickness of the porous coating layer increases in the region (BA') between the one point (B) and the other end (A').
- the first electrode may be an anode and the second electrode may be a cathode, or the first electrode may be a cathode and the second electrode may be an anode.
- the first electrode and the second electrode may be in the shape of rectangular sheets.
- the first electrode and the second electrode may be in the shape of sheets having an aspect ratio exceeding 1. Therefore, in the present specification, the first electrode may also be referred to as a first electrode plate, and the second electrode may also be referred to as a second electrode plate.
- the positive electrode may also be referred to as a positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode may also be referred to as a negative electrode plate.
- the electrode assembly may be a jelly-roll type electrode assembly.
- the electrode assembly may be a jelly-roll type electrode assembly having a structure in which a positive electrode plate as a first electrode, a negative electrode plate as a second electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrode plates are wound in one direction, and the separator is a separator according to one embodiment of the present invention described above.
- the electrode assembly may be laminated in the order of the first electrode, the separator, and the second electrode, or may be laminated in the order of the separator (i.e., the first separator), the first electrode, the separator (i.e., the second separator), and the second electrode.
- the winding length of the electrode assembly may be about 1.5 m to 5 m, or about 2 m to 4.5 m.
- the positive electrode active material coated on the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode active material coated on the negative electrode plate can be used without limitation as long as they are active materials known in the art.
- the positive electrode active material is in the form of a single particle composed of one primary particle or a quasi-single particle that is an aggregate of 10 or fewer primary particles.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or a pseudo-single particle in which 10 or fewer primary particles are aggregated has higher particle strength than the existing secondary particle type positive electrode active material in which tens to hundreds of primary particles are aggregated, so that particle breakage hardly occurs during rolling.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or a pseudo-single particle since the number of primary particles constituting the particle is small, the change due to volume expansion and contraction of the primary particles during charge and discharge is small, and accordingly, the occurrence of cracks inside the particle is also significantly reduced.
- a cathode active material composed of single particles or pseudo-single particles when used as in the embodiment of the present invention, the amount of gas generated due to particle breakage and internal cracking can be significantly reduced, and thus, excellent safety can be achieved even in a large cylindrical battery cell.
- a cathode active material in the form of single particles or pseudo-single particles is used as the cathode active material, and a cathode active material in the form of secondary particles is not used. This is because when a cathode active material in the form of secondary particles is included, the gas generation suppression effect is reduced, and sufficient safety cannot be obtained when applied to a large cylindrical battery cell.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or a pseudo-single particle according to an embodiment of the present invention may have an average particle diameter D 50 of about 5 ⁇ m or less, or about 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, or about 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- an increase in resistance can be minimized.
- Single-particle or pseudo-single-particle positive electrode active materials have a problem in that their lithium mobility is lower than that of secondary particle positive electrode active materials because the interfaces between primary particles, which serve as the migration paths of lithium ions within the particles, are small, which results in increased resistance. This increase in resistance becomes more severe as the particle size increases, and an increase in resistance adversely affects capacity and output characteristics. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, a single-particle or pseudo-single-particle positive electrode active material having a small average particle diameter D 50 of 5 ⁇ m or less is applied to minimize the migration distance of lithium ions within the particles, thereby suppressing an increase in resistance.
- the above positive electrode active material may have a primary particle size of about 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, or about 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, or 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or a pseudo-single particle having excellent electrochemical characteristics can be formed.
- the average particle size of the primary particles is too small, the number of agglomerates of the primary particles forming the positive electrode active material increases, which reduces the effect of suppressing particle breakage during rolling, and when the average particle size of the primary particles is too large, the lithium diffusion path within the primary particles becomes long, which may increase resistance and deteriorate output characteristics.
- the positive electrode active material may have a unimodal particle size distribution.
- bimodal positive electrode active materials have been widely used in which a large-particle positive electrode active material with a large average particle size and a small-particle positive electrode active material with a small average particle size are mixed to improve the electrode density of the positive electrode active material layer.
- positive electrode active materials in the form of single particles or pseudo-single particles when the particle size increases, the lithium migration path becomes longer, significantly increasing the resistance. Therefore, when large-particle particles are mixed and used, a positive electrode active material having a unimodal distribution can be used to prevent the occurrence of problems in which capacity and output characteristics are deteriorated.
- the positive electrode active material may include a lithium nickel-based oxide, and for example, may include a lithium nickel-based oxide represented by the following chemical formula 1.
- M 1 may be Mn, Al or a combination thereof, and in one embodiment may be Mn or Mn and Al.
- the above M 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, W, Y, Ba, Ca, Ti, Mg, Ta, and Nb, or may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Y, Mg, and Ti, or may be Zr, Y, or a combination thereof.
- the M 2 element is not essential, but when included in an appropriate amount, it may play a role in promoting grain growth during sintering or improving crystal structure stability.
- the above a represents the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be, for example, 0.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0.85 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.15, or 0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2.
- the crystal structure of the lithium nickel-based oxide can be stably formed.
- the above b represents the molar ratio of nickel among the total metals excluding lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be, for example, 0.8 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, 0.82 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, or 0.83 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.
- a high energy density is exhibited, enabling high capacity implementation.
- the above c represents the molar ratio of cobalt among all metals excluding lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be, for example, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.18, or 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.17.
- the molar ratio of cobalt satisfies the above range, good resistance characteristics and output characteristics can be implemented.
- the above d represents the molar ratio of the M 1 element among all metals excluding lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be, for example, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.18, or 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.17.
- the structural stability of the positive electrode active material is excellent.
- the above e represents the molar ratio of the M 2 element among the total metals excluding lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be, for example, 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.1 or 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.05.
- the cathode active material according to the present invention may further include, if necessary, a coating layer including one or more coating elements selected from Al, Ti, W, B, F, P, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, Bi, Si and S on the surface of the lithium nickel-based oxide particles.
- the coating element may be Al, B, Co or a combination thereof.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of about 80 parts by weight to 99 parts by weight, or about 85 parts by weight to 99 parts by weight, or about 90 parts by weight to 99 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total positive electrode active material layer.
- the above-described positive electrode current collector has a thickness of, for example, about 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and does not cause a chemical change in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used.
- the electrode current collector can also form fine unevenness on its surface to increase the adhesiveness of the positive electrode active material, and various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam, or non-woven fabric can be used.
- a conductive material may be additionally mixed into the above-described positive electrode active material particles.
- the conductive material is added in an amount of about 1 to 50 parts by weight, for example, based on 100 parts by weight of the total positive electrode active material layer including the positive electrode active material.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity and does not cause chemical changes in the battery, and examples thereof include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskey such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives.
- the negative electrode is manufactured by applying and drying negative electrode active material particles on the negative electrode current collector, and, if necessary, may further include components such as the conductive material, binder, solvent, etc. described above.
- the above-described negative electrode current collector has a thickness of, for example, about 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and does not cause a chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material can be strengthened by forming fine unevenness on the surface, and can be used in various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam, non-woven fabric, etc.
- the above negative active material is, for example, carbon such as non-graphitizable carbon, graphite carbon, etc.; metal composite oxides of Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Sn x Me 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, elements of group 1, group 2, and group 3 of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); lithium metal; lithium alloy; silicon-based alloy; tin-based alloy; Oxides such as SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 2 O 5 ; conductive polymers such as polyacetylene ; Li-
- the binder polymer usable in the above electrode is a component that assists in the bonding of electrode active material particles and conductive materials and the like and in the bonding to the electrode current collector, and is added in an amount of, for example, 1 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the entire electrode active material layer including the electrode active material.
- binder polymers examples include polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polybutylacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cyanoethylflurane.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene
- polymethylmethacrylate polybutylacrylate
- polyacrylonitrile polyvinylpyrrolidone
- polyvinylacetate polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate
- polyethylene oxide polyarylate
- binder polymer selected from (cyanoethylpullulan), cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, pullulan, and carboxyl methyl cellulose, or a mixture of two or more thereof, may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- Non-limiting examples of solvents used in the above electrode preparation include acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), cyclohexane, water, or mixtures thereof. These solvents provide an appropriate level of viscosity so that a slurry coating layer can be formed on the electrode current collector surface at a desired level.
- the above negative electrode comprises a current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer located on at least one surface of the current collector and including a negative electrode active material, a binder polymer, and a conductive material, wherein the negative electrode active material layer comprises a lower region that contacts the current collector and an upper region that contacts the lower region and extends to the surface of the negative electrode active material layer, and the lower region and the upper region can each independently include at least two kinds or more of graphite and silicon-based compounds as negative electrode active materials.
- the lower layer region may include natural graphite as a negative electrode active material, and the upper layer region may include artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material.
- the lower layer region and the upper layer region may each independently further include a silicon-based compound as a negative electrode active material.
- the above silicon compound may include at least one of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) and SiC.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery cell.
- the battery cell is configured such that the electrode assembly described above is loaded into a cylindrical battery housing together with an electrolyte.
- a first electrode a second electrode and a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the separator has one end (A), another end (A') and a point (B) between the one end (A) and the other end (A') in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of the separator is maintained constant from the one end (A) to the other end (A'), and the thickness of the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer is maintained constant in a region (AB) between the one end (A) and the point (B), and the thickness of the porous polymer substrate decreases and the thickness of the porous coating layer increases in a region (BA') between the one point (B) and the other end (A'), and the first electrode, the separator and the second electrode are wound around the other end (A') of the separator as a winding axis; a battery can in which the electrode assembly is accommodated; an electrolyte injected into the battery can; and may include a sealing body that seals the open end of
- the form factor of the cylindrical battery housing may be 46110, 46800, 46950, 48110, 48750 or 48800.
- a cylindrical battery cell according to one embodiment of the present invention may be a large cylindrical battery cell having a form factor ratio (defined as the ratio of the diameter of the cylindrical battery divided by the height, for example, the diameter (T) to the height (H)) of about 0.4 or more.
- the form factor refers to a value indicating the diameter and height of the cylindrical battery cell.
- the first two numbers indicate the diameter of the cell
- the next two numbers indicate the height of the cell
- the last number O indicates that the cross-section of the cell is circular.
- a cylindrical battery cell may be a 46110 cell (diameter 46 mm, height 110 mm, form factor ratio 0.418), a 46800 cell (diameter 46 mm, height 80 mm, form factor ratio 0.575), a 48950 cell (diameter 48 mm, height 95 mm, form factor ratio 0.505), a 48110 cell (diameter 48 mm, height 110 mm, form factor ratio 0.418), a 48750 cell (diameter 48 mm, height 75 mm, form factor ratio 0.64), or a 48800 cell (diameter 48 mm, height 80 mm, form factor ratio 0.600).
- a cylindrical battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention significantly reduces the amount of gas generated compared to conventional batteries by applying a cathode active material in the form of a single particle or pseudo-single particle, and thus can realize excellent safety even in a large cylindrical battery cell having a form factor ratio of 0.4 or more.
- the cylindrical cell according to the embodiment of the present invention may be, for example, a battery having a tab-less structure that does not include electrode tabs, but is not limited thereto.
- An electrolyte that can be used in an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is a salt having a structure such as A + B - , wherein A + includes an ion formed by an alkali metal cation such as Li + , Na + , K + or a combination thereof, and B - includes an anion such as PF 6 - , BF 4 - , Cl - , Br - , I - , ClO 4 - , AsF 6 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , CF 3 SO 3 -, N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 - , C(CF 2 SO 2 ) 3 - or a salt formed by a combination thereof, such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane,
- FIG. 4 is a drawing for explaining a battery pack (300) including a cylindrical battery cell (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery pack (300) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a battery assembly in which a plurality of cylindrical batteries (301) including a separator according to one embodiment of the present invention as described above are electrically connected, and a pack housing (302) that accommodates the battery assembly.
- a bus bar, a cooling unit, and a power terminal for electrical connection are omitted.
- the battery pack (300) may be mounted on a vehicle.
- the vehicle may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid vehicle.
- the vehicle may include a four-wheel vehicle or a two-wheel vehicle.
- FIG. 5 is a drawing for explaining a vehicle including the battery pack (300) of FIG. 4.
- a vehicle (V) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a battery pack (300) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the vehicle (V) operates by receiving power from the battery pack (300) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Example 1 a method for manufacturing a separation membrane having a thickness of about 13 ⁇ m by forming a porous coating layer on both sides of a porous polymer substrate is exemplarily described.
- a porous polymer substrate was manufactured using a polyethylene material having a weight average molecular weight of 600,000 g/mol.
- the porous polymer substrate was manufactured by stretching the fabric in the longitudinal direction (MD direction) so that the total width was 500 mm, the length (winding length) was 4 m, and the thicknesses measured at both ends were 10 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the porous polymer substrate was manufactured such that the thickness was constant at 10 ⁇ m in a portion (hereinafter also referred to as the first portion) between one end and a point (any point between the two ends) of the porous polymer substrate, and the thickness decreased toward the other end in a portion (hereinafter also referred to as the second portion) between the one point and the other end, so that the thickness at the other end was 8 ⁇ m.
- a porous coating layer having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m was coated on each side of the porous polymer substrate having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and a porous coating layer having a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m was formed on each side of the porous polymer substrate having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m.
- the porous coating layer coated on both sides of the first portion of the porous polymer substrate having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was formed such that the thickness of each porous coating layer was constant at 1.5 ⁇ m, the thickness decreased toward the other end so that the thickness at the other end was 8 ⁇ m, and the porous coating layer coated on both sides of the second portion of the porous polymer substrate increased toward the other end so that the thickness at the other end was 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the separation membrane manufactured by Example 1 has a constant thickness of 13 ⁇ m throughout.
- the membrane manufactured in this way has one end (A), another end (A'), and a point (B) between the one end (A) and the other end (A') in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of the membrane is maintained constant from the one end (A) to the other end (A'), and the thicknesses of the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer are maintained constant in the region (AB) between the one end (A) and the point (B), and the thickness of the porous polymer substrate in the region (BA') between the one point (B) and the other end (A') decreases toward the other end (A'), and the thickness of the porous coating layer increases toward the other end (A').
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate linearly decreases, and the thickness of the porous coating layer linearly increases.
- the length from one end (A) to one point (B) was 40% of 100% of the length in the longitudinal direction of the membrane, and the thickness at the other end (A') of the porous polymer substrate was 80% of 100% of the thickness at one end (A) of the porous polymer substrate.
- the content of the porous coating layer in the above region (BA') was 200 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the porous coating layer in the above region (AB), and the content of the porous coating layer was 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the porous polymer substrate.
- the positive and negative collector plates were welded to the upper and lower portions of the above-mentioned jelly-roll type electrode assembly, respectively. Then, the electrode assembly with the positive and negative collector plates welded thereto was inserted into a cylindrical battery housing having an external terminal pre-installed, the positive collector plate and the external terminal were welded, and the edge of the negative collector plate was welded to the beading portion. Then, the battery housing was introduced into the chamber of the electrolyte injection device, and the battery housing was erected so that the opening of the battery housing faced the direction opposite to gravity.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 in an organic solvent containing ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) in a composition of 1:2:1 (volume ratio) to a concentration of 1.0 M. Then, the electrolyte was injected through the opening of the battery housing, and the chamber pressure was increased to 800 kPa over 20 seconds, maintained for 150 seconds, and then the chamber pressure was reduced to -90 kPa over 20 seconds, and a virtual vacuum state was maintained for 20 seconds. After the electrolyte impregnation process was completed, the opening of the battery housing was sealed using a gasket, completing the fabrication of a cylindrical cell.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- the porous polymer substrate was manufactured to have a constant thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and the porous coating layer was coated to have a constant thickness when coating, so that the manufactured separator had a thickness of 13 ⁇ m, except that the manufacturing process was the same as Example 1.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were measured using a friction and wear device (Heidon).
- Heidon a friction and wear device
- repeated friction was applied with a 5g/Dia tip to the side of the separator with the thicker porous coating layer, and the friction coefficient was checked after 5 times and is shown in Table 1.
- the friction coefficient of the separator of Example 1 was higher than that of Comparative Example 1. That is, the separator of Example 1 had higher resistance to the tip, i.e., higher resistance to burrs of the electrode of the separator, compared to the separator of Comparative Example 1, and thus, it was confirmed that the degree of detachment of the porous coating layer due to repeated shrinkage and expansion of the electrode assembly was less, and thus the durability of the separator was superior.
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
| 마찰계수 | |
| 실시예 1 | 1.477 |
| 비교예 1 | 1.001 |
Claims (14)
- 분리막으로서,다공성 고분자 기재; 및상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 양면에 형성되며, 무기물 입자 및 바인더 고분자를 포함하는 다공성 코팅층;을 포함하고,상기 분리막은 길이 방향 상에 일 단(A), 타 단(A') 및 상기 일 단(A) 내지 타 단(A') 사이에 일 지점(B)이 존재하며,상기 일 단(A)으로부터 타 단(A')까지 상기 분리막의 두께는 일정하며,상기 일 단(A)에서부터 일 지점(B) 사이의 영역(AB)에서 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 두께 및 상기 다공성 코팅층의 두께는 각각 일정하며,상기 일 지점(B)에서부터 상기 타 단(A') 사이의 영역(BA')에서 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 두께는 감소하고, 상기 다공성 코팅층의 두께는 증가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리막의 길이 방향의 중심의 수직선을 기준으로, 상기 다공성 고분자 기재 및 상기 다공성 코팅층 사이의 계면의 형상이 비대칭인 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리막의 두께 방향의 중심의 수직선을 기준으로, 상기 다공성 고분자 기재 및 상기 다공성 코팅층 사이의 계면의 형상이 대칭인 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 일 지점(B)에서부터 상기 타 단(A') 사이의 영역(BA')에서 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 두께는 선형적으로 감소하고, 상기 다공성 코팅층의 두께는 선형적으로 증가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 일 단(A)에서부터 일 지점(B) 사이의 길이는 상기 분리막의 길이 방향의 길이 100%을 기준으로 약 10% 내지 70%인 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 타 단(A')에서의 두께는 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 일 단(A)에서의 두께 약 100% 대비 75% 내지 95%인 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서상기 영역(BA')에서의 다공성 코팅층의 함량은 상기 영역(AB)에서의 다공성 코팅층 100 중량부를 기준으로 약 40 내지 1300 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 다공성 코팅층의 함량은 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 100 중량부 대비 약 40 중량부 내지 60 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리막의 길이 방향의 전체 길이가 약 1.5 m 내지 5 m인 것을 특징으로 하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 따른 분리막;상기 분리막의 일면과 접촉하는 제1 전극; 및상기 분리막의 타면과 접촉하는 제2 전극을 포함하고,상기 분리막의 타 단(A') 방향을 권취 축(winding axis)으로 하여 상기 제1 전극, 상기 분리막 및 상기 제2 전극이 권취된 전극 조립체.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 전극 조립체의 권취 길이가 약 1.5 m 내지 5 m 인 것을 특징으로 하는 전극 조립체.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 전극 조립체는 상기 제1 전극, 상기 분리막 및 상기 제2 전극이 이 순서로 적층된 것을 특징으로 하는 전극 조립체.
- 청구항 10에 따른 전극 조립체가 전해질과 함께 원통형 배터리 하우징에 장입되어 있는 배터리 셀.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 원통형 배터리 하우징의 폼 팩터가 46110, 46800, 46950, 48110, 48750 또는 48800인 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 셀.
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| MX2026002585A MX2026002585A (es) | 2024-01-26 | 2026-03-04 | Separador, ensamble de electrodos que lo incluye y bateria cilindrica que lo incluye |
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| KR20170087136A (ko) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전기화학소자용 분리막의 제조 방법 |
| KR20190076913A (ko) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전기화학소자용 분리막을 제조하는 방법 및 상기 방법에 의해 제조된 분리막 |
| KR20230109378A (ko) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-20 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전극 조립체 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 |
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| KR101750239B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-06 | 2017-06-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Srs 분리막을 포함하는 전극조립체 |
| KR102608232B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-07 | 2023-11-29 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전기화학소자용 분리막, 이를 포함하는 전극 조립체 및 이차전지 |
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- 2025-01-24 KR KR1020250011618A patent/KR102814735B1/ko active Active
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| KR20170087136A (ko) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전기화학소자용 분리막의 제조 방법 |
| KR20190076913A (ko) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전기화학소자용 분리막을 제조하는 방법 및 상기 방법에 의해 제조된 분리막 |
| KR20240012500A (ko) | 2021-06-09 | 2024-01-29 | 제지앙 둔안 아트피셜 인바이런먼트 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 편평관 및 열교환기 |
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| KR20240002948A (ko) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-08 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 원통형 리튬 이차 전지 |
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| KR102814735B1 (ko) | 2025-05-29 |
| US20250323383A1 (en) | 2025-10-16 |
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