WO2025148305A1 - 电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置

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Publication number
WO2025148305A1
WO2025148305A1 PCT/CN2024/111212 CN2024111212W WO2025148305A1 WO 2025148305 A1 WO2025148305 A1 WO 2025148305A1 CN 2024111212 W CN2024111212 W CN 2024111212W WO 2025148305 A1 WO2025148305 A1 WO 2025148305A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
active material
material layer
current collector
pore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/111212
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李炳坤
王茂旭
吴宪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP24916360.1A priority Critical patent/EP4773250A1/en
Publication of WO2025148305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025148305A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0409—Methods of deposition of the material by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Electrodes are not only an important component of batteries, but can also be used in electrolysis industry, electrocatalysis, electrochemical analysis and other electrochemical reaction scenarios involving porous electrodes. Therefore, whether in the development of battery technology or other electrochemical reaction technologies, how to improve the pore-forming efficiency of electrodes is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing an electrode, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • the technical solution provided in the present application can improve the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode, and when the electrode is applied to a battery, the battery can have a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing an electrode, comprising the following steps: providing a slurry, the slurry being mixed with a pore-forming agent; applying the slurry to a current collector to form an active material layer on the current collector; and applying electricity to the active material layer so that the pore-forming agent in the active material layer undergoes an electrochemical reaction to form pores.
  • the method further comprises the steps of providing a roller, the roller being used for coating and conveying the current collector, the surface of the roller being provided with a conductive member, the conductive member being used for electrically connecting to the current collector.
  • the step of applying electricity to the active material layer comprises applying electricity to the current collector through the conductive member.
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing an electrode, by adding a pore-forming agent that undergoes an electrochemical reaction when electrified to a slurry, after the slurry mixed with the pore-forming agent is coated on a current collector to form an active material layer, electrifying the active material layer to cause the pore-forming agent to undergo an electrochemical reaction, thereby removing the pore-forming agent, the gas that can escape due to the electrochemical reaction, or the substance that can be separated from the active material layer due to the electrochemical reaction, so that the active material layer efficiently forms uniform and dense pores, which can accurately control the formation and morphology of the pores in the active material layer on the one hand, and improve the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode on the other hand, so that when the electrode is applied to a battery, the battery can have a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • the current can be conducted to the active material layer when the current collector is conveyed on the roller, so that the active material layer is electrified, so that the active material layer efficiently forms pores, thereby improving the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode, and when the electrode is applied to a battery, the battery can have a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • the pore former is configured as a substance that generates gas when electrified.
  • the pore-forming agent is limited to a substance that can generate gas after power is applied, so that after the active material layer is powered on, the gas produced by the electrochemical reaction can escape from the active material layer, thereby efficiently forming uniform pores on the active material layer, improving the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode, and then when the electrode is applied to a battery, the battery can have a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • the pore-forming agent includes water, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, ammonium carbamate, or the like.
  • the pore former when the pore former is water, oxygen and hydrogen can be generated by energizing the active material layer, and oxygen and hydrogen quickly escape from the active material layer, and uniform pores can be quickly formed in the active material layer.
  • gas such as carbon dioxide can be generated by energizing the active material layer, and carbon dioxide quickly escapes from the active material layer, thereby quickly forming uniform pores in the active material layer.
  • gas such as carbon dioxide and methane can be generated by energizing the active material layer, and carbon dioxide and methane can quickly escape from the active material layer, thereby quickly forming uniform pores in the active material layer.
  • gas such as carbon dioxide can be generated by energizing the active material layer, and carbon dioxide can quickly escape from the active material layer, thereby quickly forming uniform pores in the active material layer, improving the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode, and then when the electrode is applied to a battery, the battery can have a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • the mass ratio of the pore former in the slurry is A, satisfying 0.00001 ⁇ A ⁇ 0.2.
  • the mass ratio A of the pore former in the slurry by limiting the mass ratio A of the pore former in the slurry to be greater than or equal to 0.00001, the amount of pores in the active material layer can be increased, so that the electrode has a larger specific surface area, which is conducive to the improvement of the reaction rate of the electrode; by limiting the mass ratio A of the pore former in the slurry to be less than or equal to 0.2, the waste of space in the active material layer caused by the final formed pores due to excessive pore formers can be effectively reduced, affecting the amount of active materials and thus affecting the volume energy density.
  • the reaction rate and volume energy density of the electrode can be effectively taken into account.
  • the pore former is solid, and the median particle size D50 of the pore former satisfies 0.001 mm ⁇ D50 ⁇ 6 mm.
  • the size of the pores in the active material layer can be increased, which is beneficial to the improvement of the reaction rate of the electrode; by limiting the median particle size D50 of the pore former to be less than or equal to 6 mm, it is possible to effectively reduce the waste of space in the active material layer caused by the pore former being too large, resulting in the final formed pores being too large, affecting the amount of active material, and thus affecting the volume energy density.
  • the reaction rate and volume energy density of the electrode can be effectively taken into account.
  • the median particle size D50 of the pore-forming agent satisfies 0.002 mm ⁇ D50 ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the size of the pores in the active material layer can be further increased, which is further conducive to the improvement of the reaction rate of the electrode; by limiting the median particle size D50 of the pore former to be less than or equal to 5 mm, it is possible to more effectively reduce the waste of space in the active material layer caused by the pore former being too large, resulting in the final formed pores being too large, affecting the amount of active material, and thus affecting the volume energy density.
  • the reaction rate and volume energy density of the electrode can be further taken into account.
  • the step of providing the slurry further includes mixing the slurry with a surfactant.
  • the step of drying the active material layer before the step of energizing the active material layer, the step of drying the active material layer is further included; or, after the step of energizing the active material layer, the step of drying the active material layer is further included.
  • the active material layer can be electrified before the active material layer is dried; in other embodiments, the active material layer can be electrified after the active material layer is dried.
  • the step of energizing the active material layer includes: the pores formed have a pore diameter D that satisfies 0.001 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the diffusion speed of ions can be facilitated, thereby accelerating the reaction rate of the electrode; by limiting the pore diameter D to be less than or equal to 5 mm, the waste of active material layer space due to excessive pores can be effectively reduced, affecting the amount of active materials and thus affecting the volume energy density.
  • the reaction rate and volume energy density of the electrode can be effectively taken into account.
  • the step of energizing the active material layer includes: a distance L between any two adjacent pores formed is formed, and satisfies 0.01 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 10.5 mm.
  • the current can be effectively applied to the active material layer, so that the pore-forming agent in the active material layer can efficiently undergo an electrochemical reaction, thereby enabling the active material layer to efficiently form pores, thereby improving the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode, and further, when the electrode is applied to a battery, enabling the battery to have a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • the conductive part can act on current collectors of different specifications to produce porous electrodes of different specifications, thereby reducing the impact of manufacturing time waste caused by replacing rollers to adapt to current collectors of different specifications, thereby facilitating the improvement of electrode manufacturing efficiency.
  • the size of the conductive member is d, and the size of the roller is W, satisfying 0.001 ⁇ d/W ⁇ 0.5.
  • the conductive part can be effectively electrically connected to the empty foil area, which is beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction of the pore former and the improvement of the efficiency of pore forming; by limiting the ratio d/W of the dimension d of the conductive part along the width direction of the current collector to the dimension D of the roller along the width direction of the current collector to be less than or equal to 0.5, the interference between the conductive part and the active material layer can be effectively reduced, the wrinkling of the active material layer can be avoided, and the electrode defect rate can be reduced.
  • 0.001 ⁇ d/W ⁇ 0.5 the pore forming efficiency of the electrode and the yield rate of the electrode can be effectively taken into account.
  • the conductive member is connected to a potential controller, and the potential controller is connected to a reference electrode.
  • the voltage intensity applied to the active material layer can be effectively controlled, thereby effectively controlling the efficiency, type and degree of the electrochemical reaction of the pore former, which is beneficial to improving the pore forming efficiency.
  • some embodiments of the present application provide a battery, the battery comprising an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and a diaphragm, the first electrode and the second electrode having opposite polarities, and the diaphragm being disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the first electrode and/or the second electrode are obtained by the manufacturing method of the electrode of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery provided in the second aspect, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing an electrode in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a roller in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icon 100-battery; 10-housing; 11-housing; 12-end cap; 120-electrode terminal; 121-injection hole; 20-electrode assembly; 21-first electrode; 22-second electrode; 23-diaphragm; 24-current collector; 240-empty foil area; 241-coating area; 25-active material layer; 26- Pores; 30-roller; 31-conductive member; 40-walking wheel; 50-potential controller; 51-reference electrode; x-width direction of current collector; 2000-electrode manufacturing method; 1000-vehicle; 200-controller; 300-motor.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery may include a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery may be a rectangular parallelepiped or other shape, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the material of the positive current collector may be aluminum, and the positive active material may be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer, the negative active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative current collector, the negative current collector not coated with the negative active material layer protrudes from the negative current collector coated with the negative active material layer, and the negative current collector not coated with the negative active material layer serves as a negative electrode ear.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the material of the separator may be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may be a winding structure or a laminated structure, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the dried electrodes are often placed in polar solvents, and the pore-forming agent is removed by solvent extraction to form pores on the electrodes.
  • the contact area between the electrode and the solvent and the extraction time affect the pore formation efficiency, resulting in low electrode pore formation efficiency, which in turn affects the manufacturing efficiency of the battery.
  • the slurry is coated on a current collector to form an active material layer on the current collector.
  • Electricity is applied to the active material layer, causing the pore former in the active material layer to undergo an electrochemical reaction to form pores.
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing an electrode, by adding a pore-forming agent that undergoes an electrochemical reaction when electricity is applied to a slurry, and after the slurry mixed with the pore-forming agent is coated on a current collector to form an active material layer, electricity is applied to the active material layer to cause the pore-forming agent to undergo an electrochemical reaction, thereby removing the pore-forming agent, gas that can escape due to the electrochemical reaction, or substance that can separate from the active material layer due to the electrochemical reaction, thereby allowing the active material layer to efficiently form uniform and dense pores, thereby improving the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode, and further when the electrode is applied to a battery, enabling the battery to have a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • the technical solution described in the embodiments of the present application is applicable to electrode manufacturing.
  • the electrode manufactured by the manufacturing method of the electrode described in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to batteries or other devices that require electrochemical reactions and are applied to electrodes, such as electrolytic cells and electrochemical sensors.
  • the technical solution described in the embodiments of the present application is applicable to electrical devices, which are electrical devices that use batteries with the electrodes.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, and the like.
  • the vehicle may be a new energy vehicle, which may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, and the like;
  • the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, and the like;
  • the electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, and the like;
  • the electric tool may include a metal cutting electric tool, a grinding electric tool, an assembly electric tool, and an electric tool for railways, such as an electric drill, an electric grinder, an electric wrench, an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an impact drill, a concrete vibrator, and an electric planer, and the like.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a controller 200, a motor 300 and a battery 100 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300.
  • the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, for the circuit system of the vehicle 1000, for example, for the working power requirements during the start-up, navigation and operation of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but may also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • one or more batteries 100 may be part of a battery 100 pack.
  • a battery 100 pack may include one or more batteries 100 to provide a single physical module with higher voltage and capacity.
  • a battery 100 pack generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more batteries 100. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery 100.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a housing 10 and an electrode assembly 20 accommodated in the housing 10 .
  • the housing 10 includes a housing 11 and an end cap 12.
  • the housing 11 has a receiving cavity.
  • the housing 11 has an opening so that the electrode assembly 20 can be received in the receiving cavity of the housing 11.
  • the end cap 12 is configured to close the opening of the housing 11.
  • the end cap 12 can be provided on an electrode terminal 120 for electrically connecting to the tab of the electrode assembly 20 to realize the charging and discharging of the battery 100.
  • the shape of the housing 10 is determined according to the shape of one or more electrode assemblies 20.
  • the housing 10 may be a hollow cuboid, a hollow cube, or a hollow cylinder.
  • the housing 10 may be made of a conductive metal material, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the housing 10 may also be made of plastic.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an electrode assembly 20 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 20 may include an electrode and a separator 23.
  • the electrode includes a first electrode 21 and a second electrode 22 of opposite polarities.
  • the separator 23 is disposed between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • the first electrode 21 may be a positive electrode, and the second electrode 22 may be a negative electrode.
  • the electrode may include a current collector 24 and an active material layer 25 disposed on the current collector 24.
  • the active material layer 25 may be formed by coating a slurry having an active material on the surface of the current collector 24.
  • a method 2000 for manufacturing an electrode is provided. Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a flowchart of the method for manufacturing an electrode in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the method for manufacturing an electrode comprises the following steps:
  • the "slurry" may be a slurry of active materials, which may include active materials, conductive agents, adhesives, and solvents.
  • active materials may include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary materials
  • the conductive agent may include carbon black, carbon nanotubes, conductive graphite, etc.
  • the binder may include water-based or oil-based binders
  • the solvent may include deionized water corresponding to the water system and NMP solvent corresponding to the oil system.
  • the active material may include various types of graphite, silicon-carbon negative electrodes, the conductive agent may include carbon black, carbon nanotubes, conductive graphite, etc., the binder may include water-based or oil-based binders, and the solvent may include deionized water corresponding to the water system and NMP solvent corresponding to the oil system.
  • the slurry when manufacturing the battery 100 , may be coated on the current collector 24 in a coating process, and the slurry coated on the current collector 24 forms the active material layer 25 .
  • the slurry is mixed with a pore former can be understood as mixing the pore former into the slurry.
  • a certain amount of the pore former can be added into the stirring container so that the pore former is evenly mixed in the slurry.
  • the pore former can be a substance used to form the pores 26 in the active material layer 25.
  • the pore former can be energized to undergo an electrochemical reaction, and the reaction will result in the formation of pores 26 on the active material layer 25.
  • the pore former when electricity is applied to the pore former, the pore former undergoes an electrochemical reaction, and its product may be a gas that can escape (such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen or oxygen, etc.) to form pores 26 on the active material layer 25; or its product may be a magnetic and non-conductive substance (such as ⁇ '-Fe4N magnetic nanomaterial, which can be found in the literature, Shandong University, "Research and Application of Transition Metal Doped ⁇ '-Fe4N Magnetic Nanomaterials”), which can be carried away by a strong magnetic field to form pores 26 on the active material layer 25, or the product may be a substance that can be dissolved by a specific solution, and after passing through the specific solution, pores 26 can be formed on the active material layer 25.
  • ⁇ '-Fe4N magnetic nanomaterial such as ⁇ '-Fe4N magnetic nanomaterial, which can be found in the literature, Shandong University, "Research and Application of Transition Metal Doped ⁇ '-Fe4N Magnetic Nanomaterials
  • “Electrifying the active material layer” can be understood as directly electrifying the active material layer 25 , for example, by inserting an electrified electrode into the active material layer 25 , or indirectly electrifying the active material layer 25 , for example, by supplying power to the current collector 24 .
  • the voltage applied to the active material layer 25 can be controlled to meet the electrochemical reaction requirements of the pore former on the one hand, and to control the electrochemical reaction rate of the pore former in the active material layer 25 on the other hand.
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing an electrode, wherein a pore-forming agent that undergoes an electrochemical reaction when an electric current is applied is added to a slurry, and after the slurry mixed with the pore-forming agent is applied to a current collector 24 to form an active material layer 25, an electric current is applied to the active material layer 25 to cause the pore-forming agent to undergo an electrochemical reaction, thereby removing the pore-forming agent, generating a gas that can escape due to the electrochemical reaction, or Due to the electrochemical reaction, substances that can be separated from the active material layer 25 are generated, so that the active material layer 25 can efficiently form uniform and dense pores 26.
  • the pore former is configured as a substance that generates gas when electrified.
  • the pore former is configured to be a material that produces gas when energized” can be understood as, after a current of a certain voltage is applied to the active material layer 25 , the pore former in the active material layer 25 can undergo an electrochemical reaction, thereby directly or indirectly producing gas, and forming pores 26 on the active material layer 25 through the escape of the gas flow.
  • the pore-forming agent is limited to a substance that can generate gas after being energized, so that after the active material layer 25 is energized, the gas produced by the electrochemical reaction can escape from the active material layer 25, thereby efficiently forming uniform pores 26 on the active material layer 25, thereby improving the pore-forming efficiency of the electrode, and then when the electrode is applied to the battery 100, the battery 100 has a higher manufacturing efficiency.
  • the pore former includes at least one of water, methanol, ethanol, formic acid or ammonium carbamate.
  • the pore former may be one of water, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, or ammonium carbamate.
  • the specific type of the pore-forming agent is not limited, as long as it can form the pores 26 in the active material layer 25 by passing electricity.
  • the mass ratio of the pore former in the slurry is A, satisfying 0.00001 ⁇ A ⁇ 0.2.
  • the pore former is solid, and the median particle size D50 of the pore former satisfies 0.001 mm ⁇ D50 ⁇ 6 mm.
  • the pore former may be solid particles.
  • the particle size of the pore former may affect the size of the final formed pores 26.
  • the pore former may be ammonium carbamate.
  • the median particle size D50 can be understood as the particle size corresponding to when the cumulative particle size distribution percentage of a sample reaches 50%. Its physical meaning is that particles with a particle size larger than it account for 50%, and particles with a particle size smaller than it also account for 50%.
  • the detection of the median particle size D50 can be carried out by screening method, sedimentation method, resistance method, laser method, electron microscope method and other methods.
  • the median particle size D50 of the pore-forming agent may be 0.001 mm, 0.002 mm, 0.003 mm, 0.004 mm, 0.005 mm, 0.006 mm, ... 5.7 mm, 5.8 mm, 5.9 mm, 6 mm or any value between two adjacent values.
  • the size of the pores 26 in the active material layer 25 can be increased, which is beneficial to the improvement of the reaction rate of the electrode; by limiting the median particle size D50 of the pore former to be less than or equal to 6 mm, it is possible to effectively reduce the waste of space in the active material layer 25 caused by the pore former being too large, resulting in the final formed pores 26 being too large, affecting the amount of active material, and thus affecting the volume energy density.
  • the reaction rate and volume energy density of the electrode can be effectively taken into account.
  • the median particle size D50 of the pore former satisfies 0.002 mm ⁇ D50 ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the median particle size D50 of the pore former can be 0.002 mm, 0.003 mm, 0.004 mm, 0.005 mm, 0.006 mm, ... 4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm, 5 mm or any value between two adjacent values.
  • the size of the pores 26 in the active material layer 25 can be further increased, which is further conducive to the improvement of the reaction rate of the electrode; by limiting the median particle size D50 of the pore former to be less than or equal to 5 mm, it is possible to more effectively reduce the waste of space in the active material layer 25 caused by the pore former being too large, resulting in the final formed pores 26 being too large, affecting the amount of active material, and thus affecting the volume energy density.
  • the reaction rate and volume energy density of the electrode can be further taken into account.
  • the step of providing the slurry further includes mixing the slurry with a surfactant.
  • the slurry is mixed with a surfactant can be understood as mixing the surfactant into the slurry.
  • a certain amount of pore former and surfactant can be added into the stirring container so that the pore former and the surfactant are evenly mixed in the slurry.
  • Surfactants can be understood as surfactants, which are compounds that can significantly reduce the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, between a liquid and a gas, or between a liquid and a solid.
  • the surfactant can be sodium dodecyl sulfate.
  • the pore-forming agent may include methanol, which reacts when electricity is applied to generate carbon dioxide.
  • the escape of carbon dioxide can be promoted.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method 2000 for manufacturing an electrode in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method 2000 for manufacturing an electrode in other embodiments of the present application.
  • step S3 of energizing the active material layer the following steps are further included:
  • the active material layer 25 located on the surface of the current collector 24 may be dried by a drying device.
  • the active material layer 25 may be energized to form the pores 26, and then the active material layer 25 with the pores 26 may be energized. In other embodiments, after the active material layer 25 is dried, Electricity is passed through the active material layer 25 to form the pores 26 .
  • the pore-forming agent includes methanol
  • the method for manufacturing the electrode includes:
  • step S1 Providing slurry, wherein the slurry is mixed with a pore-forming agent; in this step S1, the slurry is mixed with methanol and a surfactant.
  • the pore-forming agent includes ammonium carbamate
  • the method for manufacturing the electrode includes:
  • the active material layer 25 can be electrified before the active material layer 25 is dried; in other embodiments, the active material layer 25 can be electrified after the active material layer 25 is dried.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a current collector 24 and an active material layer 25 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a current collector 24 an active material layer 25 and pores 26 are shown.
  • the pore size D of the pores 26 formed on the active material layer 25 can be 0.001 mm, 0.002 mm, 0.003 mm, 0.004 mm...4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm, 5 mm or any value between two adjacent values.
  • the diffusion speed of ions can be facilitated, thereby accelerating the reaction rate of the electrode;
  • the pore size D of the pore 26 is less than or equal to 5 mm, the waste of space in the active material layer 25 due to the excessive size of the pore 26 can be effectively reduced, affecting the amount of active material, thereby affecting the volume energy density.
  • the reaction rate and volume energy density of the electrode can be effectively taken into account.
  • the step of energizing the active material layer includes: a distance L between any two adjacent pores formed is formed, and satisfies 0.01 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 10.5 mm.
  • the method before step S2 of coating the slurry on the current collector 24, the method further includes:
  • Step S1.1 providing a roller.
  • the roller 30 is used for coating and conveying the current collector 24 .
  • a conductive member 31 is disposed on the surface of the roller 30 .
  • the conductive member 31 is used for electrically connecting with the current collector 24 .
  • the step S3 of energizing the active material layer 25 includes energizing the current collector 24 through the conductive member 31 .
  • FIG 8 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing equipment of the electrode in some embodiments of the application.
  • the current collector 24 is fed through the feeding roller and the roller 30.
  • the slurry (the slurry is marked as J in Figure 8) is coated on the current collector 24 through the coating device.
  • the roller 30 is arranged on the feeding path of the current collector 24, and a conductive member 31 is arranged on the roller 30, and the conductive member 31 is connected to an external power supply.
  • the current collector 24 contacts the conductive member 31, so that the current can be transferred to the active material layer 25 through the conductive member 31 and the current collector 24.
  • the current collector 24 has an empty foil area 240 and a coating area 241. Along the width direction x of the current collector, empty foil areas 240 are respectively arranged on both sides of the coating area 241. There are two conductive members 31, which are arranged at intervals along the width direction x of the current collector to contact the corresponding empty foil areas 240 respectively.
  • the material of the conductive member 31 may be aluminum, copper, or aluminum alloy, etc. In some embodiments, the material of the conductive member 31 may be the same as or different from the material of the current collector 24 .
  • the manufacturing efficiency of the battery 100 can be improved.
  • the conductive member 31 can act on current collectors 24 of different specifications to manufacture porous electrodes of different specifications, thereby reducing the time required to replace the roller 30 to adapt to different specifications.
  • the current collector 24 reduces the waste of manufacturing man-hours, thereby contributing to improving the manufacturing efficiency of the battery 100 .
  • the size of the conductive member 31 is d, and the size of the roller 30 is D, satisfying 0.001 ⁇ d/D ⁇ 0.5.
  • a battery 100 which includes an electrode assembly 20, wherein the electrode assembly 20 includes a first electrode 21, a second electrode 22, and a separator 23, wherein the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 have opposite polarities, and the separator 23 is disposed between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • the first electrode 21 and/or the second electrode 22 are obtained by the electrode manufacturing method provided above.
  • the housing 10 includes a shell 11 and an end cap 12, the shell 11 has a receiving cavity, and the shell 11 has an opening so that the electrode assembly 20 can be accommodated in the receiving cavity of the shell 11.
  • the end cap 12 is configured to close the opening of the shell 11.
  • the end cap 12 can be provided at an electrode terminal for electrically connecting to the tab of the electrode assembly 20 to realize the charging and discharging of the battery 100.
  • an electrical device which includes the battery 100 provided above, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • a method 2000 for manufacturing an electrode comprising the following steps:
  • the pore-forming agent may be a substance used to form pores 26 in the active material layer 25.
  • the pore-forming agent may undergo an electrochemical reaction when electrified, and the reaction may result in the formation of pores 26 on the active material layer 25.

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Abstract

一种电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置。电极的制造方法包括以下步骤：提供浆料，浆料混合有造孔剂；将浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在集流体上形成活性物质层；对活性物质层通电，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙。其中，在将浆料涂覆于集流体上的步骤之前，还包括步骤：提供辊轮，辊轮用于集流体的涂布走带，辊轮的表面设置有导电件，导电件用于与集流体电连接。对活性物质层通电的步骤包括，通过导电件对集流体通电。所述的技术方案能够提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，能够使得电池具有较高的制造效率。

Description

电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2024年01月12日提交的名称为“电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置”的中国专利申请202410046332.7的优先权，上述申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电极不仅是电池的重要组成部分，还可以应用于电解工业、电催化、电化学分析及其他多孔电极涉及的电化学反应场景，为此，无论在电池技术的发展还是其他电化学反应技术的发展中，如何提高电极的造孔效率，是一个亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置，本申请提供的技术方案能够提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，能够使得电池具有较高的制造效率。
本申请是通过下述技术方案实现的：
第一方面，本申请一些实施例提供了一种电极的制造方法，包括以下步骤：提供浆料，浆料混合有造孔剂；将浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在集流体上形成活性物质层；对活性物质层通电，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙。其中，在将浆料涂覆于集流体上的步骤之前，还包括步骤：提供辊轮，辊轮用于集流体的涂布走带，辊轮的表面设置有导电件，导电件用于与集流体电连接。对活性物质层通电的步骤包括，通过导电件对集流体通电。
本申请一些实施例提供一种电极的制造方法，通过向浆料中加入因通电而发生电化学反应的造孔剂，在将混合有该造孔剂的浆料涂覆于集流体以形成活性物质层后，通过向活性物质层通电使得造孔剂发生电化学反应，能够去除造孔剂、因电化学反应而产生能够逸出的气体或者因电化学反应而产生能够脱离于活性物质层的物质，从而使得活性物质层高效地形成均匀、密集的孔隙，一方面能够精准调控活性物质层的孔隙的形成及形貌，另一方面提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，能够使得电池具有较高的制造效率。同时，通过在辊轮上设置导电件，使得电流能够在集流体走带于辊轮上时传导至活性物质层，实现对活性物质层的通电，从而使得活性物质层高效地形成孔隙，从而提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，使得电池具有较高的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂被配置为通电以产出气体的物质。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂限定为通电后能够产生气体的物质，以在活性物质层通电后，因电化学反应产出的气体能够由活性物质层逸出，从而高效地在活性物质层上形成均匀的孔隙，提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，能够使得电池具有较高的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂包括水、甲醇、乙醇、甲酸或氨基甲酸铵等。
上述方案中，当造孔剂为水时，通过向活性物质层通电，能够生成氧气和氢气，氧气和氢气快速地由活性物质层逸出，能快速地在活性物质层形成均匀的孔隙。当造孔剂为甲醇时，通过向活性物质层通电，可以产生气体，例如二氧化碳，二氧化碳快速地由活性物质层逸出，从而快速地在活性物质层形成均匀的孔隙。当造孔剂为乙醇时，通过向活性物质层通电，可以产生气体，例如二氧化碳和甲烷，二氧化碳和甲烷能够快速地由活性物质层逸出，从而快速地在活性物质层形成均匀的孔隙。当造孔剂为甲酸时，通过向活性物质层通电，可以产生气体，例如二氧化碳，二氧化碳能够快速地由活性物质层逸出，从而快速地在活性物质层形成均匀的孔隙，提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，能够使得电池具有较高的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂在浆料中的质量比为A，满足，0.00001≤A≤0.2。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂在浆料中的质量比A限定为大于或等于0.00001，能够提高活性物质层中孔隙的量，使得电极具有较大的比表面积，利于电极的反应速率的提高；通过将造孔剂在浆料中的质量比A限定为小于或等于0.2，能够有效降低因设置造孔剂过多，导致最终成型的孔隙对活性物质层空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.00001mm≤A≤2mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂为固体，造孔剂的中值粒径D50满足，0.001mm≤D50≤6mm。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂的中值粒径D50限定为大于或等于0.001mm，能够提高活性物质层中孔隙的尺寸，利于电极的反应速率的提高；通过将造孔剂中值粒径D50限定为小于或等于6mm，能够有效降低因设置的造孔剂过大，导致最终成型的孔隙过大而对活性物质层空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.001mm≤D50≤6mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述造孔剂的中值粒径D50满足，0.002mm≤D50≤5mm。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂的中值粒径D50限定为大于或等于0.002mm，能够进一步地提高活性物质层中孔隙的尺寸，进一步地利于电极的反应速率的提高；通过将造孔剂中值粒径D50限定为小于或等于5mm，能够更加有效降低因设置的造孔剂过大，导致最终成型的孔隙过大而对活性物质层空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.002mm≤D50≤5mm时，能够进一步地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，提供浆料的步骤，还包括浆料混合有表面活性剂。
上述方案中，通过向浆料混合有表面活性剂，有利于促进造孔剂因电化学反应产生的气体的逸出，提高孔隙成型的效率，从而提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，使得电池具有较高的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在对活性物质层通电的步骤之前，还包括步骤：将活性物质层烘干；或，在对活性物质层通电的步骤之后，还包括步骤：将活性物质层烘干。
上述方案中，提供两种对活性物质层通电与对活性物质层烘干的先后顺序方案，以为电极的制造提供多种选择。例如，在一些实施例中，可以在活性物质层烘干前，对活性物质层进行通电；在另一些实施例中，可以在活性物质烘干后，对活性物质层进行通电。
根据本申请的一些实施例，对活性物质层通电的步骤，包括：形成的孔隙的孔径为D，满足0.001mm≤D≤5mm。
上述方案中，通过将孔隙的孔径D限定为大于或等于0.001mm，能够利于离子的扩散速度，从而加快电极的反应速率；通过将孔隙的孔径D限定为小于或等于5mm，能够有效降低因孔隙过大而对活性物质层空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.001mm≤D≤5mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，对活性物质层通电的步骤，包括：形成的任意相邻的两个孔隙的间距为L，满足0.01mm≤L≤10.5mm。
上述方案中，通过将任意相邻的两个孔隙的间距L限定为大于或等于0.01mm，能够利于活性物质层的结构稳定性，降低活性物质层坍塌的风险，使得电极的可靠性高；通过将任意相邻的两个孔隙的间距L限定为小于或等于10.5mm，能够有效降低因相邻两个孔隙间距过大而对活性物质层空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.01mm≤L≤10.5mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的可靠性和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，集流体具有空箔区和涂覆区，沿集流体的宽度方向，涂覆区的两侧分别设置有空箔区。导电件的数量为两个，两个导电件沿集流体的宽度方向间隔设置，以分别与对应的空箔区接触。
上述方案中，通过将导电件的数量设置为两个以对应于两个空箔区，能够使得电流有效地作用于活性物质层，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂高效地发生电化学反应，从而使得活性物质层高效地形成孔隙，提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，使得电池具有较高的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿集流体的宽度方向，两个导电件被配置为位置可调地设置于辊轮上。
上述方案中，通过将导电件设置为沿集流体的宽度方向位置可调，使得导电件能够作用于不同规格的集流体以制造出不同规格的多孔电极，降低因更换辊轮以适应不同规格集流体导致制造工时浪费的影响，进而利于电极的制造效率的提高。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿集流体的宽度方向，导电件的尺寸为d，辊轮的尺寸为W，满足，0.001<d/W<0.5。
上述方案中，通过将导电件沿集流体的宽度方向的尺寸d与辊轮沿集流体的宽度方向的尺寸D的比值d/W限定为大于或等于0.001，能够使得导电件有效地与空箔区电连接，利于造孔剂的电化学反应的效率的提升，利于孔隙成型的效率的提升；通过将导电件沿集流体的宽度方向的尺寸d与辊轮沿集流体的宽度方向的尺寸D的比值d/W限定为小于或等于0.5，能够有效降低导电件与活性物质层干涉，避免活性物质层发生褶皱，降低电极不良率，当0.001<d/W<0.5时，能够有效地兼顾电极的孔隙成型效率以及电极的良品率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，导电件与电位控制器连接，电位控制器与参比电极连接。
上述方案中，通过设置电位控制器和参比电极，能够有效地控制施加在活性物质层上的电压强度，从而有效控制造孔剂的电化学反应的效率、类型及程度，利于孔隙成型效率的提升。
第二方面，本申请一些实施例提供一种电池，电池包括电极组件，电极组件包括第一电极、第二电极以及隔膜，第一电极和第二电极的极性相反，隔膜设置于第一电极和第二电极之间。其中，第一电极和/或第二电极由第一方面的电极的制造方法得到。
第三方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，该用电装置包括第二方面提供的电池，电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例中车辆的示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例中电池的分解图；
图3为本申请一些实施例中电极组件的局部结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例中电极的制造方法的流程框图；
图5为本申请另一些实施例中电极的制造方法的流程框图；
图6为本申请另一些实施例中电极的制造方法的流程框图；
图7为本申请一些实施例中集流体和活性物质层的示意图；
图8为申请一些实施例中电极的制造设备的示意图；
图9为本申请的一些实施例中集流体和活性物质层的示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例中辊轮的示意图。
图标：100-电池；10-外壳；11-壳体；12-端盖；120-电极端子；121-注液孔；20-电极组件；21-第一电极；22-第二电极；23-隔膜；24-集流体；240-空箔区；241-涂覆区；25-活性物质层；26- 孔隙；30-辊轮；31-导电件；40-走带轮；50-电位控制器；51-参比电极；x-集流体的宽度方向；2000-电极的制造方法；1000-车辆；200-控制器；300-马达。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如C和/或B，可以表示：存在C，同时存在C和B，存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池可呈长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
电池包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由电极和隔膜组成。电极包括极性相反的正电极和负电极。电池主要依靠金属离子在正电极和负电极之间移动(例如脱嵌)来工作。电极可以包括集流体和活性物质层。示例性地，正电极包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负电极包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电化学反应中，例如电池的充方电过程中，电极的孔隙都是非常重要的参数，增加电极的孔隙率有利于增大电极和反应物的反应面积进而加快电化学反应速率，同时，促进物质/离子的扩散速率，进而加快电反应速率。为此，为提高电池的性能，电极常为多孔结构，也即电极的活性物质层上形成有孔隙。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的制造效率。
目前，电极的制造方法中，常将烘干后的电极置于极性溶剂中，采用溶剂萃取除去造孔剂的方式在电极上形成孔隙。然而，电极与溶剂的接触面积以及萃取时间影响孔隙的成型效率，导致电极的造孔效率低，进而影响电池的制造效率。
鉴于此，为提高孔隙的成型效率，进而提高电池的制造效率，本申请一些实施例提供一种电极的制造方法，电极的制造方法包括以下步骤：
提供浆料，浆料混合有造孔剂。
将浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在集流体上形成活性物质层。
对活性物质层通电，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙。
本申请一些实施例提供一种电极的制造方法，通过向浆料中加入因通电而发生电化学反应的造孔剂，在将混合有该造孔剂的浆料涂覆于集流体以形成活性物质层后，通过向活性物质层通电使得造孔剂发生电化学反应，能够去除造孔剂、因电化学反应而产生能够逸出的气体或者因电化学反应而产生能够脱离于活性物质层的物质，从而使得活性物质层高效地形成均匀、密集的孔隙，从而能够提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池时，能够使得电池具有较高的制造效率。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电极制造，本申请实施例描述的通过该电极的制造方法而制造得到的电极可以应用于电池或者其他需要进行电化学反应而应用到电极的设备中，例如电解槽、电化学传感器中。本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于用电装置，该用电装置使用具有该电极的电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例中车辆的示意图。
车辆1000的内部可以设置控制器200、马达300和电池100，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电。例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，用于车辆1000的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
在一些实施例中，一个或者多个电池100可以为电池100包的部分结构。电池100包可以包括一个或多个电池100以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池100包一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池100的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池100的充电或放电。
请参见图2，图2为本申请一些实施例中电池100的分解图。电池100包括外壳10、容置于外壳10内的电极组件20。
外壳10包括壳体11和端盖12，壳体11具有容纳腔，壳体11具有开口，以便于电极组件20可以收容于壳体11的容纳腔内。端盖12被配置为封闭壳体11的开口。端盖12可以设置于用于与电极组件20的极耳电连接的电极端子120，实现电池100单体的充放电。电极组件20容置于外壳10后，电解液可以通过设置于端盖12上的注液孔121注入于容纳腔中。
外壳10根据一个或多个电极组件20组合后的形状而定，例如，外壳10可以为中空长方体或中空正方体或中空圆柱体。在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳10可由导电金属的材料制得，例如铝或者铝合金等。外壳10也可以由塑料制得。
如图3所示，图3为本申请一些实施例中电极组件20的局部结构的示意图。电极组件20可以包括电极和隔膜23。电极包括极性相反的第一电极21和第二电极22。隔膜23设于第一电极21和第二电极22之间。第一电极21可以为正电极，第二电极22可以为负电极。电极可以包括集流体24和设置于集流体24上的活性物质层25。活性物质层25可以为具有活性物质的浆料涂布于集流体24的表面而形成的。
根据本申请的一些实施例，提供一种电极的制造方法2000，请参见图4，图4为本申请一些实施例中电极的制造方法的流程框图。
电极的制造方法包括以下步骤：
S1、提供浆料，浆料混合有造孔剂；
S2、将浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在集流体上形成活性物质层；
S3、对活性物质层通电，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙。
在一些实施例中，“浆料”可以为活性物质的浆料，其可以包括活性物质、导电剂、粘接剂以及溶剂等。示例性地，对于正电极，活性物质可以包括钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂和三元材料等，导电剂可以包括炭黑、碳纳米管、导电石墨等，粘结剂包括为水系或油系粘结剂，溶剂可以包括对应于水系的去离子水和对应油系的NMP溶剂。对于负电极，活性物质可以包括各类型的石墨、硅碳负极，导电剂可以包括炭黑、碳纳米管、导电石墨等，粘结剂包括为水系或油系粘结剂，溶剂可以包括对应于水系的去离子水和对应油系的NMP溶剂。
在一些实施例中，在制造电池100时，在涂布工序中，可以将浆料涂覆于集流体24上，涂覆于集流体24上的浆料形成活性物质层25。
“浆料混合有造孔剂”可以理解为，将造孔剂混入浆料，示例性地，在将活性物质、导电剂、粘接剂以及溶剂搅拌以形成浆料的过程中，可以向搅拌容器内投入一定量的造孔剂，以使得造孔剂均匀混合于浆料中。造孔剂可以为用于在活性物质层25形成孔隙26的物质，在一些实施例中，造孔剂可以为被通电而发生电化学反应，进而反应会导致活性物质层25上形成孔隙26。示例性地，对造孔剂通电，造孔剂发生电化学反应，其生成物可以为能够逸出的气体(例如二氧化碳、氢气或氧气等)，以在活性物质层25上形成孔隙26；或者其生成物可以为具有磁性且不导电的物质(例如γ'-Fe4N磁性纳米材料，该材料可以参见文献，山东大学，《过渡金属掺杂的γ'-Fe4N磁性纳米材料的研究与应用》)，该物质能够被强磁场带走，以在活性物质层25上形成孔隙26，或者生成物可以为能够被特定溶液溶解的物质，通过特定的溶液后，能够在活性物质层25上形成孔隙26。
“对活性物质层通电”，可以理解为，可以直接对活性物质层25通电，例如将通电电极插入于活性物质层25，或者间接地对活性物质层25通电，例如对集流体24供电，从而活性物质层25通电。
在一些实施例中，可以控制对活性物质层25通电的电压大小，一方面，达到造孔剂的电化学反应的反应要求，另一方面能够控制活性物质层25中造孔剂电化学的反应速率。
本申请一些实施例提供一种电极的制造方法，通过向浆料中加入因通电而发生电化学反应的造孔剂，在将混合有该造孔剂的浆料涂覆于集流体24以形成活性物质层25后，通过向活性物质层25通电使得造孔剂发生电化学反应，能够去除造孔剂、因电化学反应而产生能够逸出的气体或者 因电化学反应而产生能够脱离于活性物质层25的物质，从而使得活性物质层25高效地形成均匀、密集的孔隙26，一方面，通过控制电流的大小以及其他参数数据，能够精准调控活性物质层25的孔隙26的形成及形貌，另一方面能够提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池100时，能够提高电池100的制造效率。
在一些实施例，通过上文描述的电极的制造方法2000，所得的电极，不仅可以应用于电池，例如两个极性相反的电极与隔膜配合设置，构成电池的电极组件，还可以应用于电解工业、电催化、电化学分析及其他多孔电极涉及的电化学反应场景。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂被配置为通电以产出气体的物质。
“造孔剂被配置为通电以产出气体的物质”可以理解为，向活性物质层25施加一定电压大小的电流后，活性物质层25中的造孔剂能够发生电化学反应，从而直接或者间接地产出气体，通过气流的逸出以在活性物质层25上形成孔隙26。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂限定为通电后能够产生气体的物质，以在活性物质层25通电后，因电化学反应产出的气体能够由活性物质层25逸出，从而高效地在活性物质层25上形成均匀的孔隙26，提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池100时，使得电池100具有较高的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂包括水、甲醇、乙醇、甲酸或氨基甲酸铵的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，造孔剂可以为水、甲醇、乙醇、甲酸或氨基甲酸铵中的一者。
在另一些实施例中，造孔剂可以为甲醇、乙醇、甲酸或氨基甲酸铵中的任意两者。在另一些实施例中，造孔剂可以为甲醇、乙醇、甲酸或氨基甲酸铵中的任意三者。在另一些实施例中，造孔剂可以为甲醇、乙醇、甲酸和氨基甲酸铵。
上述方案中，当造孔剂为水时，通过向活性物质层25通电，能够生成氧气和氢气，氧气和氢气快速地由活性物质层25逸出，能快速地在活性物质层25形成均匀的孔隙26。当造孔剂为甲醇时，通过向活性物质层25通电，可以产生气体，例如二氧化碳，二氧化碳快速地由活性物质层25逸出，从而快速地在活性物质层25形成均匀的孔隙26。当造孔剂为乙醇时，通过向活性物质层25通电，可以产生气体，例如二氧化碳和甲烷，二氧化碳和甲烷能够快速地由活性物质层25逸出，从而快速地在活性物质层25形成均匀的孔隙26。当造孔剂为甲酸时，通过向活性物质层25通电，可以产生气体，例如二氧化碳，二氧化碳能够快速地由活性物质层25逸出，从而快速地在活性物质层25形成均匀的孔隙26；当造孔剂为氨基甲酸铵时，通过向活性物质层25通电，能够生成氨和二氧化碳，氨和二氧化碳快速地由活性物质层25逸出，能快速地在活性物质层25形成均匀的孔隙26，进而当电极应用于电池100时，使得电池100具有较高的制造效率。
在另一些实施例中，不对造孔剂的具体种类进行限定，以能够通电而在活性物质层25形成孔隙26为准即可。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂在浆料中的质量比为A，满足，0.00001≤A≤0.2。
造孔剂在浆料中的质量比为A，可以理解为，同单位下，造孔剂的质量与浆料和造孔剂的总质量的比值。在一些实施例中，A的取值可以为0.00001、0.00002、0.00003、0.00004…0.008、0.009、0.01、0.011、0.012、0.013、0.014、0.015、0.016、0.017、0.018、0.019、0.2或者相邻两个数值之间的任意值。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂在浆料中的质量比A限定为大于或等于0.00001，能够提高活性物质层25中孔隙26的量，使得电极具有较大的比表面积，利于电极的反应速率的提高；通过将造孔剂在浆料中的质量比A限定为小于或等于0.2，能够有效降低因设置造孔剂过多，导致最终成型的孔隙26对活性物质层25空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.00001mm≤A≤2mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂为固体，造孔剂的中值粒径D50满足，0.001mm≤D50≤6mm。
在一些实施例中，造孔剂可以为固体颗粒。造孔剂的粒径大小可能影响最终成型的孔隙26的尺寸。示例性地，造孔剂可以为氨基甲酸铵。
中值粒径D50可以理解为，一个样品的累计粒度分布百分数达到50％时所对应的粒径。它的物理意义是粒径大于它的颗粒占50％，小于它的颗粒也占50％。中值粒径D50的检测可采用筛分法、沉降法、电阻法、激光法、电镜法等多种方法。
在一些实施例中，造孔剂的中值粒径D50的取值可以为0.001mm、0.002mm、0.003mm、0.004mm、0.005mm、0.006mm…5.7mm、5.8mm、5.9mm、6mm或者相邻两个数值之间的任意值。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂的中值粒径D50限定为大于或等于0.001mm，能够提高活性物质层25中孔隙26的尺寸，利于电极的反应速率的提高；通过将造孔剂中值粒径D50限定为小于或等于6mm，能够有效降低因设置的造孔剂过大，导致最终成型的孔隙26过大而对活性物质层25空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.001mm≤D50≤6mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
在其他一些实施例中，造孔剂可以为液体、或者固体和液体的混合物。
根据本申请的一些实施例，造孔剂的中值粒径D50满足，0.002mm≤D50≤5mm。
在一些实施例中，造孔剂的中值粒径D50的取值可以为0.002mm、0.003mm、0.004mm、0.005mm、0.006mm…4.7mm、4.8mm、4.9mm、5mm或者相邻两个数值之间的任意值。
上述方案中，通过将造孔剂的中值粒径D50限定为大于或等于0.002mm，能够进一步地提高活性物质层25中孔隙26的尺寸，进一步地利于电极的反应速率的提高；通过将造孔剂中值粒径D50限定为小于或等于5mm，能够更加有效降低因设置的造孔剂过大，导致最终成型的孔隙26过大而对活性物质层25空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.002mm≤D50≤5mm时，能够进一步地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，提供浆料的步骤，还包括浆料混合有表面活性剂。
“浆料混合有表面活性剂”可以理解为，将表面活性剂混入浆料，示例性地，在将活性物质、导电剂、粘接剂以及溶剂搅拌以形成浆料的过程中，可以向搅拌容器内投入一定量的造孔剂和表面活性剂，以使得造孔剂和表面活性剂均匀混合于浆料中。
表面活性剂可以理解为界面活性剂，表面活性剂能使两种液体间、液体―气体间、液体―固体间的表面张力或界面张力显著降低的化合物。示例性地，表面活性剂可以为十二烷基硫酸钠。
示例性地，造孔剂可以包括甲醇，甲醇通电后发生反应，生成二氧化碳，通过设置造孔剂，能够促进二氧化碳逸出。
上述方案中，通过向浆料混合有表面活性剂，有利于促进造孔剂因电化学反应产生的气体的逸出，提高孔隙26成型的效率，从而提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池100时，能够提高电池100的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参见图5，图5为本申请另一些实施例中电极的制造方法2000的流程框图，在对活性物质层通电的步骤S3之前，还包括步骤：
S4.1、将活性物质层烘干。
或，在本申请的另一些实施例中，请参见图6，图6为本申请另一些实施例中电极的制造方法2000的流程框图。
在对活性物质层通电的步骤S3之后，还包括步骤：
S4.2、将活性物质层烘干。
在一些实施例中，可以通过烘干装置将位于集流体24表面的活性物质层25烘干。
在一些实施例中，可以在活性物质层25烘干之前，向活性物质层25通电以形成孔隙26，再对形成有孔隙26的活性物质层25通电。在另一些实施例中，可以在活性物质层25烘干之后， 向活性物质层25通电以形成孔隙26。
示例性地，造孔剂包括甲醇，电极的制造方法包括：
S1、提供浆料，浆料混合有造孔剂；在该步骤S1中，浆料混合有甲醇和表面活性剂。
S2、将浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在集流体上形成活性物质层。
S3、对活性物质层通电，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙。
S4.2、将活性物质层烘干。
再示例性地，造孔剂包括氨基甲酸铵，电极的制造方法包括：
S1、提供浆料，浆料混合有造孔剂；
S2、将浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在集流体上形成活性物质层；
S4.1、将活性物质层烘干；
S3、对活性物质层通电，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙。
上述方案中，提供两种对活性物质层25通电与对活性物质层25烘干的先后顺序方案，以为电极的制造提供多种选择。例如，在一些实施例中，可以在活性物质层25烘干前，对活性物质层25进行通电；在另一些实施例中，可以在活性物质烘干后，对活性物质层25进行通电。
根据本申请的一些实施例，结合图7，图7为本申请一些实施例中集流体24和活性物质层25的示意图。在图7中示出了集流体24、活性物质层25以及孔隙26。
对活性物质层25通电的步骤S3，包括：形成的孔隙的孔径为D，满足0.001mm≤D≤5mm。
在一些实施例中，孔隙26的孔径的测量方法包括但不限于气体吸附法或扫描电镜法等。
在一些实施例中，通过步骤S3，对活性物质层25通电后，形成于活性物质层25上的孔隙26的孔径D的取值可以为0.001mm、0.002mm、0.003mm、0.004mm…4.7mm、4.8mm、4.9mm、5mm或者相邻两个数值之间的任意值。
在一些实施例中，活性物质层25上的孔隙26的大小可以不相同，其最小的孔隙26的孔径D为取值为0.001mm至5mm之间或者0.001mm或者小于5mm。其最大的孔隙26的孔径D为取值为0.001mm至5mm之间或者大于0.001mm或者为5mm。
上述方案中，通过将孔隙26的孔径D限定为大于或等于0.001mm，能够利于离子的扩散速度，从而加快电极的反应速率；通过将孔隙26的孔径D限定为小于或等于5mm，能够有效降低因孔隙26过大而对活性物质层25空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.001mm≤D≤5mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的反应速率和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，对活性物质层通电的步骤，包括：形成的任意相邻的两个孔隙的间距为L，满足0.01mm≤L≤10.5mm。
“形成的任意相邻的两个孔隙的间距为L”可以理解为任意相邻的两个孔隙26的最小间距为L。在一些实施例中，L的取值可以为0.01mm、0.02mm、0.03mm、0.04mm…9mm、9.1mm、9.2mm、9.3m、9.4mm、9.5mm、9.6mm、9.7mm、9.8mm、9.9mm、10mm、10.1mm、10.2mm、10.3mm、10.4mm、10.5mm或者相邻两个数值之间的任意值。
上述方案中，通过将任意相邻的两个孔隙26的间距L限定为大于或等于0.01mm，能够利于活性物质层25的结构稳定性，降低活性物质层25坍塌的风险，使得电极的可靠性高；通过将任意相邻的两个孔隙26的间距L限定为小于或等于10.5mm，能够有效降低因相邻两个孔隙26间距过大而对活性物质层25空间的浪费，影响活性物质的量，从而影响体积能量密度。当0.01mm≤L≤10.5mm时，能够有效地兼顾电极的可靠性和体积能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在将浆料涂覆于集流体24上的步骤S2之前，还包括：
步骤S1.1、提供辊轮。
辊轮30用于集流体24的涂布走带，辊轮30的表面设置有导电件31，导电件31用于与集流体24电连接。对活性物质层25通电的步骤S3包括，通过导电件31对集流体24通电。
请参见图8，图8为申请一些实施例中电极的制造设备的示意图。在电极的制造过程中，集流体24通过走带辊和辊轮30进行走带，在集流体24走带的过程中，浆料(在图8中浆料标识为J)通过涂布设备涂覆于集流体24上。在一些实施例中，走带轮40的数量有多个，沿着集流体24的走带方向，多个走带轮40间隔设置。辊轮30设置于集流体24的走带路径上，辊轮30上设置有导电件31，导电件31外接电源。集流体24走带于该带导电件31的辊轮30时，集流体24与导电件31接触，从而电流能够通过导电件31、集流体24传递给活性物质层25。
在一些实施例中，导电件31可以为套设于辊轮30的周面的导电环，导电件31与辊轮30之间可以相对静止或者相对转动。示例性地，导电件31与辊轮30之间可以相对静止，导电件31可以与电线接触连接。再示例性地，导电件31可转动地套设于辊轮30上，导电件31与电线连接，当集流体24走带时，辊轮30转动而导电件31可以保持静止以有效地进行电流的传输。
上述方案中，通过在辊轮30上设置导电件31，使得电流能够在集流体24走带于辊轮30上时传导至活性物质层25，实现对活性物质层25的通电，从而使得活性物质层25高效地形成孔隙26，进而提高电池100的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参见图9和图10。图9为本申请的一些实施例中集流体24和活性物质层25的示意图，图10为本申请一些实施例中辊轮30的示意图。
集流体24具有空箔区240和涂覆区241，沿集流体的宽度方向x，涂覆区241的两侧分别设置有空箔区240。导电件31的数量为两个，两个导电件31沿集流体的宽度方向x间隔设置，以分别与对应的空箔区240接触。
涂覆区241可以为集流体24上涂覆有浆料以形成活性物质层25的区域。空箔区240可以为集流体24上未涂覆有浆料的区域。在一些实施例中，沿集流体的宽度方向x，涂覆区241位于两个空箔区240之间。
导电件31的数量为两个，导电件31可以对应着空箔区240设置，以在集流体24支撑于辊轮30时，导电件31与对应的空箔区240接触。
在一些实施例中，导电件31的材质可以为铝、铜或者铝合金等。在一些实施例中，导电件31的材质可以与集流体24的材质相同或者不同。
上述方案中，通过将导电件31的数量设置为两个以对应于两个空箔区240，能够使得电流有效地作用于活性物质层25，使得活性物质层25中的造孔剂高效地发生电化学反应，从而使得活性物质层25高效地形成孔隙26，进而当电极应用于电池100时，能够提高电池100的制造效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿集流体的宽度方向x，两个导电件31被配置为位置可调地设置于辊轮30上。
在一些实施例中，操作人员可以调节导电件31的位置，以适应不同规格的集流体24。示例性地，在更换产线时，由小规格的集流体24更换为大规格的集流体24，空箔区240外移，对应地为使得导电件31与外移后的空箔区240对应，操作人员调节导电件31的位置，也相应的外移。
集流体的宽度方向x可以平行于辊轮30的轴向。
在一些实施例中，辊轮30的周面可以设置有滑槽，滑槽沿集流体的宽度方向x延伸，导电件31套设于滑槽中，通过滑动导电件31使得导电件31在滑槽中进行位置调节。在一些实施例中，滑槽沿集流体的宽度方向x间隔设置有多个螺纹孔，导电件31通过螺纹与任意一个螺纹孔连接。
上述方案中，通过将导电件31设置为沿集流体的宽度方向x位置可调，使得导电件31能够作用于不同规格的集流体24以制造出不同规格的多孔电极，降低因更换辊轮30以适应不同规格 集流体24导致制造工时浪费的影响，进而利于电池100的制造效率的提高。
根据本申请的一些实施例，沿集流体的宽度方向x，导电件31的尺寸为d，辊轮30的尺寸为D，满足，0.001<d/D<0.5。
在一些实施例中，导电件31在集流体的宽度方向x上的尺寸d与辊轮30在集流体的宽度方向x上的尺寸D的比值d/D的取值可以为0.002、0.003、0.004…0.4、0.41、0.42、0.43、0.44、0.45、0.46、0.47、0.48、0.49、相邻两个数值之间的任意值、0.001至0.002之间的任意值或者0.49-0.5之间的任意值。
上述方案中，通过将导电件31沿集流体的宽度方向x的尺寸d与辊轮30沿集流体的宽度方向x的尺寸D的比值d/D限定为大于或等于0.001，能够使得导电件31有效地与空箔区240电连接，利于造孔剂的电化学反应的效率的提升，利于孔隙26成型的效率的提升；通过将导电件31沿集流体的宽度方向x的尺寸d与辊轮30沿集流体的宽度方向x的尺寸D的比值d/D限定为小于或等于0.5，能够有效降低导电件31与活性物质层25干涉，导致活性物质层25发生褶皱，致使电极良品降低的风险，当0.001<d/D<0.5时，能够有效地兼顾电极的孔隙26成型效率以及电极的良品率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，导电件31与电位控制器50连接，电位控制器50与参比电极51连接。
参比电极51可以为测量各种电极电势时作为参照比较的电极。在一些实施例中，参比电极51包括但不限于接地、标准氢电极或Ag/AgCl电极。电位控制器50为与导电件31连接的设备，电位控制器50可以通过导线与导电件31连接，电位控制器50与参比电极51连接，能够基于参比电极51向导电件31提供一定电压的电流。示例性地，在本申请一些实施例中，电位控制器50能够向导电件31并施加在活性物质层25的电流的相较于参比电极51的电压为-500V～500V之间。
上述方案中，通过设置电位控制器50和参比电极51，能够有效地控制施加在活性物质层25上的电压强度，从而有效控制造孔剂的电化学反应的效率，利于孔隙26成型效率的提升。
本申请一些实施例还提供一种电池100，该电池100包括电极组件20，电极组件20包括第一电极21、第二电极22以及隔膜23，第一电极21和第二电极22的极性相反，隔膜23设置于第一电极21和第二电极22之间。其中，第一电极21和/或第二电极22由上文提供的电极的制造方法得到。
在一些实施例中，外壳10包括壳体11和端盖12，壳体11具有容纳腔，壳体11具有开口，以便于电极组件20可以收容于壳体11的容纳腔内。端盖12被配置为封闭壳体11的开口。端盖12可以设置于用于与电极组件20的极耳电连接的电极端子，实现电池100单体的充放电。电极组件20容置于外壳10后，电解液可以通过设置于端盖12上的注液孔注入于容纳腔中。
外壳10根据一个或多个电极组件20组合后的形状而定，例如，外壳10可以为中空长方体或中空正方体或中空圆柱体。在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳10可由导电金属的材料制得，例如铝或者铝合金等。外壳10也可以由塑料制得。
根据本申请的一些实施例，提供一种用电装置，该用电装置包括上文提供的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参见图4-图8，提供一种电极的制造方法2000，该方法包括以下步骤：
S1、提供浆料，浆料混合有造孔剂；
S1.1、提供辊轮；
S2、将浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在集流体上形成活性物质层；
S3、对活性物质层通电，使得活性物质层中的造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙。
在步骤S1中，造孔剂可以为用于在活性物质层25形成孔隙26的物质，在一些实施例中， 造孔剂可以为被通电而发生电化学反应，进而反应会导致活性物质层25上形成孔隙26。示例性地，对造孔剂通电，造孔剂发生电化学反应，其生成物可以为能够逸出的气体(例如二氧化碳、氢气或氧气等)，以在活性物质层25上形成孔隙26；或者其生成物可以为具有磁性且不导电的物质(例如γ'-Fe4N磁性纳米材料，该材料可以参见文献，山东大学，《过渡金属掺杂的γ'-Fe4N磁性纳米材料的研究与应用》)，该物质能够被强磁场带走，以在活性物质层25上形成孔隙26，或者生成物可以为能够被特定溶液溶解的物质，通过特定的溶液后，能够在活性物质层25上形成孔隙26。
在步骤S1.1中，辊轮30的表面设置有导电件31，导电件31用于与集流体24电连接，以在步骤S3中对活性物质层25通电。在一些实施例中，导电件31与电位控制器50连接，电位控制器50与参比电极51连接。参比电极51包括但不限于接地、标准氢电极或Ag/AgCl电极。
在一些实施例中，电极的制造方法还可以包括以下步骤：将活性物质层25烘干。
通过向浆料中加入因通电而发生电化学反应的造孔剂，在将混合有该造孔剂的浆料涂覆于集流体24以形成活性物质层25后，通过向活性物质层25通电使得造孔剂发生电化学反应，能够去除造孔剂、因电化学反应而产生能够逸出的气体或者因电化学反应而产生能够脱离于活性物质层25的物质，从而使得活性物质层25高效地形成均匀、密集的孔隙26，一方面，通过控制电流的大小以及其他参数数据，能够精准调控活性物质层25的孔隙26的形成及形貌，另一方面能够提高电极的造孔效率，进而当电极应用于电池100时，能够提高电池100的制造效率。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电极的制造方法，其中，包括以下步骤：
    提供浆料，所述浆料混合有造孔剂；
    将所述浆料涂覆于集流体上，以在所述集流体上形成活性物质层；
    对所述活性物质层通电，使得所述活性物质层中的所述造孔剂发生电化学反应以形成孔隙；
    其中，在所述将所述浆料涂覆于集流体上的步骤之前，还包括步骤：
    提供辊轮，所述辊轮用于集流体的涂布走带，所述辊轮的表面设置有导电件，所述导电件用于与所述集流体电连接；
    所述对所述活性物质层通电的步骤包括，通过所述导电件对所述集流体通电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述造孔剂被配置为通电以产出气体的物质。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述造孔剂包括水、甲醇、乙醇、甲酸或氨基甲酸铵的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述造孔剂在所述浆料中的质量比为A，满足，0.00001≤A≤0.2。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述造孔剂为固体，所述造孔剂的中值粒径D50满足，0.001mm≤D50≤6mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述造孔剂的中值粒径D50满足，0.002mm≤D50≤5mm。
  7. 根据权利要求2-3任一项所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述提供浆料的步骤，还包括所述浆料混合有表面活性剂。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    在对所述活性物质层通电的步骤之前，还包括步骤：
    将所述活性物质层烘干；或，
    在对所述活性物质层通电的步骤之后，还包括步骤：
    将所述活性物质层烘干。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述对所述活性物质层通电的步骤，包括：形成的所述孔隙的孔径为D，满足0.001mm≤D≤5mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述对所述活性物质层通电的步骤，包括：形成的任意相邻的两个所述孔隙的间距为L，满足0.01mm≤L≤10.5mm。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述集流体具有空箔区和涂覆区，沿所述集流体的宽度方向，所述涂覆区的两侧分别设置有空箔区；
    所述导电件的数量为两个，两个所述导电件沿所述集流体的宽度方向间隔设置，以分别与对应的所述空箔区接触。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    沿所述集流体的宽度方向，两个所述导电件被配置为位置可调地设置于所述辊轮上。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    沿所述集流体的宽度方向，所述导电件的尺寸为d，所述辊轮的尺寸为W，满足，0.001<d/W<0.5。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电极的制造方法，其中，
    所述导电件与电位控制器连接，所述电位控制器与参比电极连接。
  15. 一种电池，其中，所述电池包括电极组件，所述电极组件包括第一电极、第二电极以及隔膜，所述第一电极和所述第二电极的极性相反，所述隔膜设置于所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间；
    其中，所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极由权利要求1-14任一项所述的电极的制造方法得到。
  16. 一种用电装置，其中，包括权利要求15所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2024/111212 2024-01-12 2024-08-09 电极的制造方法、电池以及用电装置 Pending WO2025148305A1 (zh)

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