WO2025130481A1 - 一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2025130481A1
WO2025130481A1 PCT/CN2024/133233 CN2024133233W WO2025130481A1 WO 2025130481 A1 WO2025130481 A1 WO 2025130481A1 CN 2024133233 W CN2024133233 W CN 2024133233W WO 2025130481 A1 WO2025130481 A1 WO 2025130481A1
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polypropylene
composite material
low
maleic anhydride
polypropylene composite
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俞飞
陈平绪
陈嘉杰
陆湛泉
刘乐文
叶南飚
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/16Fibres; Fibrils

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of polypropylene composite materials, and more specifically, relates to a low-temperature explosion polypropylene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Polypropylene is widely used in automobiles due to its low density, high cost performance, excellent heat resistance, rigidity, chemical resistance, easy processing and recycling, and other characteristics, becoming the largest and fastest growing variety of automotive plastics.
  • the rapid development of the automotive industry has put forward higher and higher requirements for interior and exterior materials, such as the requirements for low-temperature blasting hard instrument panels, pillars and other automotive interior parts promoted by the automotive industry at this stage.
  • the low-temperature explosion formula system is mostly composed of talcum powder, block copolymer polypropylene, toughening agent POE (ethylene-octene random copolymer, generally added in an amount of more than 25%), antioxidant, lubricant, and light stabilizer. Due to the high addition of toughening agent POE, the strength and modulus of existing low-temperature explosion-resistant polypropylene materials are often low.
  • the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature explosion polypropylene composite material, which has more excellent low-temperature explosion performance and also has excellent tensile and bending properties.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a low-temperature explosion polypropylene composite material.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature explosion polypropylene composite material for use in the automotive industry.
  • the present invention uses binary block copolymer polypropylene synthesized from ethylene and propylene as the base material of the polypropylene composite material, and compounded with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber with a specific fiber fineness, a mixed compatibilizer of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride, so that the prepared polypropylene composite material not only has more excellent low-temperature blasting performance, but also has excellent tensile performance and bending performance.
  • the mass ratio of the polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride to the polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride is 1:3 to 3:1; the mass ratio of the polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride to the polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride is 1:2 to 2:1.
  • the polypropylene composite material has more excellent high-efficiency low-temperature explosion performance, as well as excellent tensile strength and bending properties.
  • Special fiber 1 ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, UHMWPE, fiber fineness 800 denier, number average molecular weight 2 million, manufacturer: Beijing Tongyi Zhong New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Special fiber 2 ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, UHMWPE, fiber fineness 700 denier, number average molecular weight 1.5 million, manufacturer: Beijing Tongyi Zhong New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Special fiber 4 ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, UHMWPE, fiber fineness 1600 denier, number average molecular weight 3 million, manufacturer: Beijing Tongyi Zhong New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMWPE, model: U010P, number average molecular weight 1 million, manufacturer: Korea Petrochemical.
  • Toughener 2 ethylene-octene block copolymer (OBC), model: Infuse 9107, manufacturer: Dow Chemical.
  • Mixed compatibilizer 1 The mass ratio of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride to polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride is 1:1; wherein, polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride is 1, and the grafting rate is 0.8% (detected by acid-base titration method).
  • A-70 parts of high-density polyethylene HMA026, 0.6 parts of maleic anhydride and 0.41 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide were placed in a Haake torque rheometer at 170°C for melt grafting; after the melt grafting reaction was completed for 25 minutes, a grafted mixture was obtained;
  • Mixed compatibilizer 2 The difference between mixed compatibilizer 2 and mixed compatibilizer 1 is that the mass ratio of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 1 to polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride 1 is 1:3.
  • Mixed compatibilizer 3 The difference between mixed compatibilizer 3 and mixed compatibilizer 1 is that the mass ratio of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 1 and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride 1 is 3:1.
  • the preparation method of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 2 is the same as the preparation method of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 1, except that 0.375 parts of maleic anhydride and 0.26 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide are used.
  • the preparation method of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 3 is the same as the preparation method of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 1, except that 1.2 parts of maleic anhydride and 0.82 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide are used.
  • the preparation method of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 4 is the same as the preparation method of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride 1, except that 0.9 parts of maleic anhydride and 0.62 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide are used.
  • Metallocene ethylene-propylene copolymer model Vistamaxx 6202, ethylene content 15%, manufacturer: ExxonMobil.
  • Antioxidant 1, hindered phenol antioxidant, pentaerythritol tetrakis[ ⁇ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, commercially available.
  • Antioxidant 2 phosphite antioxidant, tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite, commercially available.
  • UV-3808PP5 UV-3808PP5, commercially available.
  • Lubricant Calcium stearate, commercially available.
  • the components (such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, lubricants, etc.) selected in the parallel examples and comparative examples are all the same commercially available products.
  • polypropylene, special fiber, toughening agent, mixed compatibilizer, antioxidant, light stabilizer and lubricant are weighed and mixed in a high-speed mixer (200-300rpm) for 3-5 minutes, and then filler (calcium carbonate or talcum powder) is added and mixed in a high-speed mixer (200-300rpm) for 3-5 minutes, and then added to a twin-screw extruder (length-to-diameter ratio 52:1) for melt extrusion.
  • the extrusion adopts a double vacuum process and the vacuum degree is ⁇ -0.08MPa.
  • the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is 170°C, 200°C, 200°C, 210°C, 210°C, 205°C, 205°C, 200°C, and 200°C from the feeding section to the die. Granulation, drying and cooling are performed to obtain a low-temperature explosion polypropylene composite material.
  • Table 1 is the formula components of each embodiment:
  • Table 2 shows the formula components of each comparative example:
  • Tensile Strength Tested in accordance with ISO 527-2:2019, tensile speed 50mm/min, 1A spline.
  • Izod notched impact Tested in accordance with ISO 180:2019, Type A notch.
  • Low temperature -40°C multi-axial impact refer to ISO 6603-2:2000 standard test (2mm thick square plate evaluation, 4.4m/s impact speed, performance from best to worst is divided into four grades: YD, YS, YU, NY; YD type fracture mode is shown in the curve with obvious yield point, fracture surface has the same extension of the whole depth, and the penetration hole has only one circle of cracks; YS type fracture mode is shown in the curve with obvious yield point, fracture surface There is stable but inconsistent ductility, which can be evenly distinguished, and the puncture hole has two non-repeating cracks; the YU type fracture mode is shown in the curve diagram as having an obvious yield point, unstable ductile fracture on the fracture surface, and there may be a part of ductile fracture, the puncture hole has two non-repeating cracks or unstable non-ductile fracture occurs at the puncture site, with obvious cracks but not falling off from the sample; the NY type fracture mode is shown as no yield). It is generally believed that the damage form of YD&
  • Table 3 and Table 4 are the performance test results of each embodiment and comparative example respectively.
  • the present invention uses specific binary block copolymerized polypropylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber of specific fiber fineness, and a specific mixed compatibilizer to ensure that the polypropylene composite material has excellent low-temperature blasting performance while also having excellent tensile strength and bending performance.
  • the -40°C low-temperature multiaxial/failure form of the prepared low-temperature blasting polypropylene composite material is YD&YS, which can meet the blasting requirements.
  • the tensile strength of the polypropylene composite material is greater than 24MPa
  • the flexural modulus is greater than 1458MPa
  • the cantilever beam notched impact is greater than 11KJ/m 2 .
  • Example 1 Example 6, Example 7 and Comparative Example 5 that as the fiber fineness of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber gradually decreases, the mechanical properties of the polypropylene composite material gradually improve.
  • the fiber fineness of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber exceeds 400 to 800 deniers (such as 1600 deniers)
  • the dispersion and processability in the polypropylene resin system are poor, and the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and cantilever beam notched impact of the prepared composite material are significantly reduced.
  • Example 1 Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 that when the polypropylene system lacks ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and/or mixed compatibilizer, the prepared polypropylene composite material cannot achieve the technical effect of the present invention, indicating that the present invention needs to use ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and mixed compatibilizer in combination to ensure the low-temperature blasting performance and mechanical properties of the polypropylene composite material.
  • Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 it can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 that when non-fiber ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is used in the polypropylene composite material system, not only the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and cantilever beam notch impact of the polypropylene composite material are significantly reduced, but also the low-temperature blasting performance is difficult to achieve the technical effect of the present invention.
  • Example 1 Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7 that a single mixed compatibilizer is difficult to achieve the compatibility and dispersion of the components in the polypropylene system of the present invention, and the prepared polypropylene composite material is difficult to achieve the technical effect of the present invention.
  • Example 1 and Comparative Example 8 It can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 8 that it is difficult to achieve the technical effect by using the combination of the metallocene ethylene-propylene copolymer and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber of the polypropylene composite material system of the present invention.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料。按重量份数计,低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料包括以下组分:聚丙烯55~80份,填料5~20份,特殊纤维1~5份,增韧剂15~20份,混合相容剂0.1~0.5份,助剂0~1.2份;聚丙烯为乙烯、丙烯合成的二元嵌段共聚聚丙烯;特殊纤维为纤维细度400~800旦的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维;混合相容剂包括聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐。本发明采用特定的二元嵌段共聚聚丙烯、特定纤维细度的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,与特定的混合相容剂搭配,保证了聚丙烯复合材料具有优异低温爆破性能的同时,还同时具有优异的拉伸强度和弯曲性能。

Description

一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于聚丙烯复合材料的技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚丙烯以密度小、性价比高,具有优异的耐热性能、刚性、耐化学药品腐蚀性,易于加工成型和回收等特性在汽车上得到广泛的应用,成为汽车用塑料中用量最大、发展速度最快的品种。近年来,汽车产业的迅猛发展对内外饰材料提出了越来越高的要求,如现阶段汽车行业推行的低温爆破硬质仪表板、立柱等汽车内饰零部件的要求。
目前改性聚丙烯行业,低温爆破配方体系大部分是由滑石粉、嵌段共聚聚丙烯、增韧剂POE(乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物,一般添加量25%以上)、抗氧剂、润滑剂、光稳剂组成。由于增韧剂POE添加量较高,因此,现有的可低温爆破的聚丙烯材料,其强度和模量往往是偏低的。
因此,如何提供一种具有优异低温爆破性能且同时具有优异拉伸性能和弯曲性能的低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料成为亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有的技术问题,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料具有更为优异的低温爆破性能,且同时具有优异的拉伸性能和弯曲性能。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料在汽车行业中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种高效低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,按重量份数计,包括以下组分:聚丙烯55~80份,填料5~20份,特殊纤维1~5份,增韧剂15~20份,混合相容剂0.1~0.5份,助剂0~1.2份;所述聚丙烯为乙烯、丙烯合成的二元嵌段共聚聚丙烯;所述特殊纤维为纤维细度400~800旦的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维;所述混合 相容剂包括聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐。
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维比普通的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料的增强增韧效果更好,其原因在于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的一维形态纤维增强效果比球型的粉料更能够支撑起整个基础树脂。然而发明人发现,在聚丙烯树脂体系中,超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与聚丙烯相容性较差,进而极大地影响了聚丙烯复合材料的低温爆破性能以及拉伸性能和弯曲性能。
发明人通过研究发现,当超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维细度在400~800旦时,在聚丙烯树脂体系中具有较好的加工性,能够较好地在聚丙烯树脂体系中进行分散;而超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维细度高于上述范围时,对于聚丙烯复合材料的增强增韧效果较差,且较大地影响了聚丙烯复合材料的低温爆破性能。进一步地,发明人发现当聚丙烯体系中采用聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐作为混合相容剂时,其不仅与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维相容性好,且两种相容剂能够通过马来酸酐再链接至一起进一步提高增容的作用。
本发明使用乙烯、丙烯合成的二元嵌段共聚聚丙烯作为聚丙烯复合材料的基料,并与特定纤维细度的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的混合相容剂复配,制备得到的聚丙烯复合材料不仅具有更为优异的低温爆破性能,且同时具有优异的拉伸性能和弯曲性能。
优选地,所述聚丙烯在230℃,2.16kg条件下的熔体流动速率为50~105g/10min;进一步优选地,所述聚丙烯在230℃,2.16kg条件下的熔体流动速率为60~100g/10min。所述聚丙烯的熔体流动速率(MFR)按照塑料粒熔体质量流动速率测试-ISO 1133-1:2011标准方法检测得到。
具体地,在所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料中,聚丙烯的含量不低于58.6%。
本发明中所述聚丙烯的熔体流动速率可以为50g/10min、60g/10min、70g/10min、80g/10min、90g/10min、100g/10min等,或上述任意数值形成的区间范围,如60~80g/10min、80~100g/10min等,本发明不限于此。
优选地,所述聚丙烯的分散性指数PDI为6~10。PDI=Mw/Mn(重均分子量/数均分子量),称为高聚物的分子量分散指数。采用高温GPC方法测试高聚物的重均分子量和数均分子量。
优选地,所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的质量比为1:3~3:1;所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的质量比为1:2~2:1。 在此优选范围内,聚丙烯复合材料具有更为优异的高效低温爆破性能,以及优异的拉伸强度和弯曲性能。
优选地,所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐中,马来酸酐的接枝率为0.5~1.6%。进一步优选地,所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐中,马来酸酐的接枝率为0.8~1.2%。
优选地,所述聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐中,马来酸酐的接枝率为0.5~1.6%。进一步优选地,所述聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐中,马来酸酐的接枝率为0.8~1.2%。
具体地,本发明所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐可以市售获得,也可以通过本领域已知的制备方法自制获得。自制方法比如可选择熔融接枝法,但制备方法不限于此。
具体地,采用酸碱滴定法检测所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和所述聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐中马来酸酐的接枝率。
优选地,所述填料为碱式硫酸镁晶须、滑石粉、碳酸钙中的一种或多种;所述填料的D50粒径为0.5~12μm。
优选地,所述滑石粉的D50粒径为0.65~1μm。在此粒径优选下,聚丙烯复合材料具有更好的拉伸强度和弯曲性能。
优选地,所述碳酸钙的D50粒径为4~8μm。在此粒径优选下,聚丙烯复合材料具有更好的拉伸强度和弯曲性能。
具体地,采用激光粒度分析法测试滑石粉和碳酸钙的D50粒径。
优选地,所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的数均分子量为100~300万。采用高温GPC方法测试超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的数均分子量。
优选地,所述增韧剂选自乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物、乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物中的一种或两种。
优选地,所述助剂包括润滑剂、抗氧剂、光稳剂中的一种或多种。
进一步优选地,所述润滑剂包括但不限于酰胺类润滑剂、硬脂酸盐类润滑剂等。所述抗氧剂包括但不限于受阻酚类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂等。所述光稳剂包括但不限于受阻胺类光稳定剂和/或苯甲酸酯类光稳定剂,例如2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶硬脂酸酯(光稳定剂3853)和/或3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸正十六酯(光稳定剂2908),本申请不限于此。
进一步地,本发明还请求保护一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,将聚丙烯、特殊纤维、增韧剂、混合相容剂、助剂混合,再加入填料混合,熔融挤 出,制备获得所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料。
优选地,混合时的转速为200~300rpm。
优选地,采用双螺杆挤出机进行挤出,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为48~56:1。
优选地,所述熔融挤出采用三真空工艺,且控制真空度≤-0.08MPa。
优选地,所述熔融挤出的温度为170~210℃。进一步地,从喂料段到机头依次为170℃、200℃、200℃、210℃、210℃、205℃、205℃、205℃、200℃、200℃。
进一步地,本发明还请求保护一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料在汽车行业中的应用。具体而言,所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料可作为汽车的内饰零部件进行应用,包括但不限于低温爆破硬质仪表板、立柱等汽车内饰零部件,尤其对低温爆破和力学性能要求较高的场合。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过使用乙烯、丙烯合成的二元嵌段共聚聚丙烯作为聚丙烯复合材料的基料,并与特定纤维细度的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的混合相容剂复配,制备得到的聚丙烯复合材料不仅具有更为优异的高效低温爆破性能,且同时具有优异的拉伸性能和弯曲性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例和对比例原料说明:
聚丙烯1,乙烯、丙烯合成的嵌段共聚聚丙烯,型号:BI871,MFR(230℃,2.16kg)=60g/10min,PDI=7.5,厂家:韩华道达尔。
聚丙烯2,乙烯、丙烯合成的嵌段共聚聚丙烯,型号:7905E1,MFR(230℃,2.16kg)=100g/10min,PDI=8.6,厂家:埃克森美孚。
特殊纤维1:超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,UHMWPE,纤维细度800旦,数均分子量200万,厂家:北京同益中新材料科技股份有限公司。
特殊纤维2:超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,UHMWPE,纤维细度700旦,数均分子量150万,厂家:北京同益中新材料科技股份有限公司。
特殊纤维3:超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,UHMWPE,纤维细度400旦,数均 分子量100万,厂家:北京同益中新材料科技股份有限公司。
特殊纤维4:超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,UHMWPE,纤维细度1600旦,数均分子量300万,厂家:北京同益中新材料科技股份有限公司。
超高分子量聚乙烯,UHMWPE,型号:U010P,数均分子量100万,厂家:大韩油化。
增韧剂1,乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物(POE),型号:Engage 8842,厂家:陶氏化学。
增韧剂2,乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物(OBC),型号:Infuse 9107,厂家:陶氏化学。
混合相容剂1:聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的质量比为1:1;其中,聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1,接枝率0.8%(采用酸碱滴定法检测)。
聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1,接枝率1.2%,型号:PP-g-MAH(B2),厂家:科艾斯化学有限公司。
聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1的制备方法:
A-将70份的高密度聚乙烯HMA026、0.6份的马来酸酐和0.41份的过氧化二叔丁基放入170℃的哈克转矩流变仪中进行熔融接枝;熔融接枝反应25min完毕后,得到接枝混合物;
B-将接枝混合物取出、压片、破碎成颗粒状,对接枝混合物提纯,称取30g颗粒状的接枝混合物,把接枝混合物放入到装有850mL二甲苯溶剂的烧瓶中,95℃加热3h,使接枝混合物完全溶解,冷却至室温后,再加入4000mL丙酮,沉淀、过滤、干燥,即得到聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1,留着备用。
混合相容剂2:混合相容剂2与混合相容剂1的区别在于:聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1的质量比为1:3。
混合相容剂3:混合相容剂3与混合相容剂1的区别在于:聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1的质量比为3:1。
混合相容剂4:混合相容剂4与混合相容剂1的区别在于:采用聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐2,接枝率0.5%(采用酸碱滴定法检测)。
聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐2的制备方法:与上述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1的制备方法相同,其区别在于:采用0.375份的马来酸酐和0.26份的过氧化二叔丁基。
混合相容剂5:混合相容剂5与混合相容剂1的区别在于:采用聚乙烯接枝 马来酸酐3,接枝率1.6%(采用酸碱滴定法检测)。
聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐3的制备方法:与上述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1的制备方法相同,其区别在于:采用1.2份的马来酸酐和0.82份的过氧化二叔丁基。
混合相容剂6:混合相容剂6与混合相容剂1的区别在于:采用聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐4,接枝率1.2%(采用酸碱滴定法检测)。
聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐4的制备方法:与上述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐1的制备方法相同,其区别在于:采用0.9份的马来酸酐和0.62份的过氧化二叔丁基。
茂金属乙烯-丙烯共聚物,型号Vistamaxx 6202,乙烯含量15%,厂家:埃克森美孚。
滑石粉1,D50粒径=6μm,型号:TYT-777A,厂家:辽宁添源。
滑石粉2,D50粒径=0.65μm,型号:HTPultra5L,厂家:依米法比。
碳酸钙1,型号:重质碳酸钙,D50粒径=6μm,厂家:广西鑫钙矿业。
碳酸钙2,型号:重质碳酸钙,D50粒径=12μm,厂家:广西鑫钙矿业。
抗氧剂1,受阻酚类抗氧剂,四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯,市售。
抗氧剂2,亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂,三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯,市售。
光稳定剂,型号:UV-3808PP5,市售。
润滑剂:硬脂酸钙,市售。
如未特别说明,各平行实施例和对比例中选用的各组分(例如抗氧剂、光稳定剂、润滑剂等)均为相同的市售产品。
实施例1
实施例1所用原材料的重量份数如表1所示。
一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
按照表1的重量份数称取聚丙烯、特殊纤维、增韧剂、混合相容剂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂、润滑剂在高速混合机(200~300rpm)中混合3~5分钟,再加入填料(碳酸钙或滑石粉)在高速混合机(200~300rpm)中混合3~5分钟,再加入双螺杆挤出机(长径比52:1)中进行熔融挤出,挤出采用双真空工艺且真空度≤-0.08MPa,双螺杆挤出机的温度从喂料段到机头依次为170℃、200℃、200℃、210℃、210℃、205℃、205℃、205℃、200℃、200℃,造粒,干燥,冷却,即得低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料。
实施例2~13
以下各实施例所用原材料的重量份数如表1所示。
以下各实施例的具体制备步骤与实施例1相同。
对比例1~8
以下各对比例所用原材料的重量份数如表2所示。
各对比例的具体制备步骤与实施例1相同。
表1为各实施例的配方组分:
表1

表2为各对比例的配方组分:
表2
上述实施例和对比例中采用的原料和制备的低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料按照如下测试方法进行测试:
1.拉伸强度:按照ISO 527-2:2019进行测试,拉伸速度为50mm/min,1A样条。
2.弯曲性能:按照ISO 178:2019进行测试,弯曲速度2mm/min。
3.悬臂梁缺口冲击:按照ISO 180:2019进行测试,A型缺口。
4.低温-40℃多轴冲击:参考ISO 6603-2:2000标准测试(2mm厚度方板评价、4.4m/s冲击速度,性能从优到劣分为YD、YS、YU、NY四个等级;YD型断裂方式在曲线图中表现为有明显的屈服点,断裂表面有整体深度一致的延展,击穿孔只有一圈裂纹;YS型断裂方式在曲线图中表现为有明显的屈服点,断裂表面 有稳定但不一致的延展性,可均匀区分,击穿孔有不重复的两圈裂纹;YU型断裂方式在曲线图中表现为有明显的屈服点,断裂表面有不稳定延性断裂,可能有延性断裂的部分,击穿孔有不重复的两圈裂纹或者击穿部位发生不稳定的无延展性断裂,有明显裂纹但未与样板间脱落;NY型断裂方式表现为无屈服)。一般认为破坏形式为YD&YS可以满足爆破要求,YU&NY不满足爆破要求)。
表3和表4分别为各实施例和对比例的性能测试结果。
表3
表4
由实施例1~13的数据可知,本发明采用特定的二元嵌段共聚聚丙烯、特定纤维细度的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,与特定的混合相容剂搭配,保证了聚丙烯复合材料具有优异低温爆破性能的同时,还具有优异的拉伸强度和弯曲性能。制备获得的低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料的-40℃低温多轴/破坏形式为YD&YS,可以满足爆破要求。在力学性能方面,聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度>24MPa,弯曲模量>1458MPa,悬臂梁缺口冲击>11KJ/m2
由实施例1、实施例2和3、实施例4和5可知,当混合相容剂中,聚乙烯 接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的质量比在1:2~2:1时,或当聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的接枝率在0.5~1.6%时,制备获得的聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲性能以及悬臂梁缺口冲击强度更好。
由实施例1、实施例6、实施例7和对比例5可知,随着超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维细度逐渐变小,聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能逐渐提高。而当超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维细度超过400~800旦(如1600旦)时,因超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维细度较大,在聚丙烯树脂体系中进行分散性以及加工性较差,制备获得复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和悬臂梁缺口冲击均有明显的降低。
由实施例1、对比例1、对比例2和对比例3可知,当聚丙烯体系中缺少了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维和/或混合相容剂时,制备获得的聚丙烯复合材料不能实现本发明的技术效果,说明本发明需要在采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与混合相容剂搭配才能够保证聚丙烯复合材料的低温爆破性能和力学性能。
由实施例1、对比例4可知,当聚丙烯复合材料体系中采用了非纤维形态的超高分子量聚乙烯时,不仅聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和悬臂梁缺口冲击显著降低,且低温爆破性能也难以实现本发明的技术效果。
由实施例1、对比例6和对比例7可知,单一的混合相容剂难以实现本发明聚丙烯体系中各组分的相容分散作用,制备获得的聚丙烯复合材料难以实现本发明的技术效果。
由实施例1、对比例8可知,采用茂金属乙烯-丙烯共聚物与本发明聚丙烯复合材料体系的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维搭配难以实现技术效果。
前述的实例仅是说明性的,用于解释本发明所述方法的一些特征。所附的权利要求旨在要求可以设想的尽可能广的范围,且本文所呈现的实施例为申请人真实试验结果加以论证。因此,申请人的用意是所附的权利要求不被说明本发明的特征的示例的选择限制。在权利要求中所用的一些数值范围也包括了在其之内的子范围,这些范围中的变化也应在可能的情况下解释为被所附的权利要求覆盖。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括以下组分:聚丙烯55~80份,填料5~20份,特殊纤维1~5份,增韧剂15~20份,混合相容剂0.1~0.5份,助剂0~1.2份;
    所述聚丙烯为乙烯、丙烯合成的二元嵌段共聚聚丙烯;
    所述特殊纤维为纤维细度400~800旦的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维;
    所述混合相容剂包括聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的质量比为1:3~3:1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐中,马来酸酐的接枝率为0.5~1.6%。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述填料选自碱式硫酸镁晶须、滑石粉、碳酸钙中的一种或多种;所述填料的D50粒径为0.5~12μm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述滑石粉的D50粒径为0.65~1μm。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳酸钙的D50粒径为4~8μm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述增韧剂选自乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物、乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物中的一种或两种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料,其特征在于,所述助剂选自润滑剂、抗氧剂、光稳剂中的一种或多种。
  9. 权利要求1~8任一项所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将聚丙烯、特殊纤维、增韧剂、混合相容剂、助剂混合,再加入填料混合,熔融挤出,制备获得所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料。
  10. 权利要求1~8任一项所述低温爆破聚丙烯复合材料在汽车行业中的应用。
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